Abstract: Repetitive administrations of cocaine over a period of days causes the animal body to become more sensitive to the drug. A dose of cocaine that was not toxic to a novice user may be toxic or even lethal to an habituated user. These toxic effects include craving, seizures, brain ischemia and death. The mechanism of action of these toxic effects appears to be through the glutamatergic neurotransmitter system as evidenced by blocking with antagonists for N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. However, these antagonists have undersirable side effects. Applicant demonstrates that the toxic effects of repetitive cocaine administrations can be reversed by the administration of inhibitors of the enzyme nitric oxide synthase which is also involved in the neurotransmitter system. The drugs which inhibit the enzyme nitric oxide synthase include N-nitro-L-arginine and N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester. The method of treatment with these drugs includes administration in various forms by various routes.

Abstract: .gamma.-Hydroxybutyric acid and its physiologically equivalent forms are useful in the treatment of the syndromes of abstinence, craving and dependence on drugs, drugs of abuse, psychotropics, stupefacient and/or psychoactive substances, nicotine, or nutritional disorders.

Abstract: A method for regulating the growth processes in a myriad of cells, tissues, organ systems and unicellular and multicellular organisms including plants, animals and man by the administration of effective amounts of the opioid antagonists naloxone, naltrexone, their analogs, metabolites derivatives, and/or mixtures thereof. At the cellular level, the growth processes entail all mitetic events and related processes including cell proliferation, as well as cell migration and cell differentiation, and at the somatic or organismal level, anatomical, behavioral and neurological development, metamorphisis and maturation. Growth regulation can be effected in vivo and/or in vitro.

Abstract: A drug delivery system useful in aiding individuals in the cessation of smoking or chewing nicotine containing products is described. The delivery system includes a physical constraint modulation system (PCMS.TM.) containing lobeline. The drug delivery system is capable of delivering lobeline to an individual in a controlled, sustained release manner and providing long-term therapeutic levels of lobeline to the individual. The delivery of lobeline in such a manner reduces or eliminates the individual's smoking or chewing habit. The PCMS may be a biodegradable polymer containing the lobeline capable of subcutaneous or intramuscular injection or implantation into the individual or may be part of a transdermal patch containing lobeline. Also described are methods of using the drug delivery systems and kits containing the drug delivery systems.

Abstract: The use of the non-NMDA receptor antagonists quisqualate or kainate antagonists or their physiologically compatible salts for treatment of withdrawal symptoms after drug abuse as well as the combination of the new pharmaceutical agents with NMDA antagonists are described.

Abstract: A nutritional supplement, functioning as a food for special dietary use, enhances diets and assists persons recovering from addiction to health damaging substances. Since cellular damage and deficiencies occur and continue to exist even after the person has stopped abusing the substances, use of the nutritional supplement, which contains a variety of minerals, vitamins, herbs, amino acids, and other substances and nutrients, should be continuous. The nutritional supplement consists of a mixture of nutrients which cooperate synergistically in enhancing cellular metabolic pathways and assists in normalization of cellular functions and optimization of cellular health.

Abstract: Nontoxic substances that block the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, e.g., a morphinan such as dextromethorphan or dextrorphan, or that block a major intracellular consequence of NMDA receptor activation, e.g., a ganglioside such as GM.sub.1 or GT.sub.1b, a phenothiazine such as trifluoperazine or a naphthalenesulfonamide such as N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide, inhibit the development of tolerance to and/or dependence on addictive drugs, e.g., narcotic analgesics such as morphine, codeine, etc.

Abstract: A nutritional supplement, functioning as a food for special dietary use, enhances diets and assists persons recovering from addiction to health damaging substance(s). Since cellular damage and deficiencies occur and continue to exist even after the person has stopped abusing the substance(s), use of the nutritional supplement, which contains at least one enzyme activating substance and at least one enzyme cofactor, should be continuous. The nutritional supplement consists of a mixture of nutrients which cooperate synergistically in enhancing cellular metabolic pathways and assists in normalization of cellular functions and optimization of cellular health.

Abstract: This invention relates to a medication to treat addicts who are addicted to drugs or narcotics (including opium, morphine, heroine, cocaine, marijuana, amphetamine, etc.), the preparative method of this medication, as well as the treatment method for the addicts by using this medication. This medication to treat addiction is aconitane deivative having structures of formula I or II, wherein the formula I, R=.alpha.--OCH.sub.3, .beta.--OCH.sub.3 or .alpha.--OH; R.sub.1 =OAcABz, OH, OABz or H; R.sub.2 =H or OH; R.sub.3 =H or OH; R.sub.4 =H or OH; R.sub.5 =H or OH; R.sub.6 =OCH.sub.3, OBz, OAc or OH; wherein the formula II, R.sub.1 =R.sub.2 =R.sub.3 =OH.This medication to treat addiction is characterized by no drug-dependence, high cure effect, fast action and low side effect.

Abstract: Method of treating addiction in a subject, such as a human being, by administering, to the subject, a succession of therapeutic agents. Each of these agents competes with the addictive agent for receptor binding sites, and each is administered in an amount sufficient to remove addictive agent from the subject. At least one of these therapeutic agents controls withdrawal symptoms. The method is continued until at least one of the indicated therapeutic agents fails to evoke withdrawal symptoms in the subject.

Abstract: A method for regulating the growth processes in a myriad of cells, tissues, organ systems and unicellular and multicellular organisms including plants, animals and man by the administration of effective amounts of the opioid antagonists naloxone, naltrexone, their analogs, metabolites derivatives, and/or mixtures thereof. At the cellular level, the growth processes entail all mitotic events and related processes including cell proliferation, as well as cell migration and cell differentiation, and at the somatic or organismal level, anatomical, behavioral and neurological development, metamorphisis and maturation. Growth regulation can be effected in vivo and/or in vitro.

Abstract: A method for activating potassium channels and for treating hypertension, addiction, asthma, incontinence, and other conditions treatable by potassium channel activators, such as spasms and convulsions, comprising administering a compound having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is a saturated or unsaturated group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms which is optionally substituted by lower alkyl, lower alkenyl or lower alkoxy groups; andwherein R' is hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, or aralkyl.

Abstract: A method of treatment is provided for reducing or eliminating psychomotor addiction in mammalian subjects, employing as an active agent 3-phenoxypyridine or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid-addition salt thereof.

Abstract: The invention provides use of a 5HT-3 antagonist in the manufacture of a medicament suitable for the prevention or reduction of dependence on a dependence-inducing agent.

Abstract: Cocaine addiction is treated by administration of an endorphinase or enkephalinase inhibitor, and optionally, a dopamine precursor, or a serotonin precursor, a GABA precursor, or an endorphin or enkephalin releaser. These components promote restoration of normal neurotransmitter function and are non-addictive. Use of the dopamine precursors L-phenylalanine or L-tyrosine, the enkephalinase inhibitor D-phenylalanine and/or the serotonin precursor L-tryptophan is especially preferred.

Abstract: The administration to a poly-drug addict of ibogaine, ibogaine, tabernanthine, alkaloids in the family of apocynaceae, or their non-toxic salts have been discovered to interrupt the physiological and psychological aspects of poly-drug dependency (heroin, cocaine, alcohol, nicotine, caffeine, amphetamine, desoxyephedrine or methadone in combinations thereof). A single treatment or series of treatments may be effective for one to eighteen months or longer. Treatment consists of the oral or rectal administration of ibogaine, ibogamine, tabernanthine or their salts or derivatives in dosage ranges of 1 mg/kg to 60 mg/kg.

Abstract: An electrically conducting self-doped carbazole polymer of the formula: ##STR1## wherein A is a bifunctional molecule capable of bonding to a positively charged molecule at one end and is capable of bonding to a flexible spacer group Z at another end, Z is a flexible spacer group capable of bonding to an anionic group A at one end and is capable of bonding either to a nitrogen or aromatic electron withdrawing or electron donating group at another end, E is a bifunctional molecule capable of bonding to nitrogen at one end and is capable of bonding to a flexible spacer group Z at anther end, X is a positively charged counterion, and n is at least 2.

Abstract: A method of treating cocaine addiction by administering to a patient in need thereof, an anti-cocaine addicting effective amount of a calcium channel blocking agent.

Abstract: Anxiolytic and antipsychotic treatment is provided to patients by administering therapeutically effective amounts of N-[2-(diethylamino)-ethyl]-2-methoxy-4-[(1-H-4,5-dihydro-2-immidazolyl)-am ino]-5-chlorobenzamide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: The craving for cocaine and use of cocaine among users may be reduced by administration of valproic acid. Cocaine-usage is effectively treated with valproic acid administration.

Abstract: Mixed opiate agonist/antagonists, particularly buprenorphine, is provided for the treatment of cocaine dependence and concurrent cocaine and opiate abuse and dependence.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for treating drug-dependent individuals so as to effect withdrawal from the drug of abuse, e.g., natural and synthetic narcotics, or stimulant-type drugs such as cocaine, amphetamines, nicotine, or the like. The method involves substitution therapy wherein a serotonin antagonist such as ergotamine or a derivative thereof and a CNS stimulant such as caffeine are substituted for the drug of abuse.

Abstract: The invention provides use of a 5HT-3 antagonist in the manufacture of a medicament suitable for the prevention or reduction of dependence on a dependence-inducing agent.

Abstract: Immunoassays of psychoactive drugs including psychotomimetic drugs, narcotic drugs, and tetrahydrocannabinols and treatment methods based on the antigenic properties of protein conjugates of these drugs. These methods are based upon treating the psychoactive substances as haptens and utilizing their protein conjugates to produce antibodies to the psychoactive materials themselves. The immunoassay methods include both agglutination and agglutination-inhibition reactions. The treatment methods include treatment of both exogenous, administered drugs (such as cannabinols, LSD, heroin and morphine) and endogenous substances (such as N,N-Dimethyltryptamine and 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine, by active immunization and also passive immunization.

Abstract: The craving for cocaine and use of cocaine among users may be reduced by administration of carbamazepine. Cocaine-usage is effectively treated with the carbamazepine administration.

Abstract: Chronic oral adminstration of carbamazepine may be used to block reinforcing effects and toxic effects of cocaine. It is preferred that the subject be esstentially "clean" of codeine at the time the treatment with carbamazepine is commenced.

Abstract: A composition suitable for use in the aversion therapy treatment of cocaine abuse. The composition has the physical characteristics, taste, and anesthetic effect similar to cocaine. The composition comprises an amount of a local anesthetic sufficient to induce a degree of anesthesia similar to that induced by cocaine. The composition further comprises a carrier compound possessing the physical characteristics of cocaine. The composition may further comprise additional components which aid in imparting the physical characteristics, odor, taste, or anesthetic effect of cocaine to the composition of the present invention.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition in sublingual unit dosage form for maintenance treatment of opiate addicts comprising from 2 to 8 mg buprenorphine and an amount of naltrexone sufficient to substantially attenuate the euphorigenic effect of the buprenorphine when injected and to provide greater opiate blocking effect than that of naltrexone alone.

Abstract: A method of treating psychostimulant abuse with a therapeutically effective amount of a dopamine agonist.

Abstract: Treatment of the abuse of those addictive drugs whose apparent mode of operation includes first an enhancement of neurotransmitter activity and subsequently a reduction in that activity--and in accompanying pleasurable sensations--to such an extent that abusers thereof feel compelled to repeat the experience. Examples of abused drugs for which treatment is suitable are amphetamines, cocaine, meperidine, phencyclidine, and new "designer" drugs. The treatment is by daily dosage of phenelzine or equivalent phenylalkylhydrazine so as to effect a degree of monoamine oxidase inhibition incompatible with the abused drug during the period of treatment and for at least a couple weeks thereafter. Concurrent usage is productive of a broad range of dangerous and frightening reactions, described in graphic detail to all patients undergoing such treatment, and any breach of the prohibition confirms the necessity of remaining free of the abused drug throughout.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of 1,2,3,9-tetrahydro-9-methyl-3-[(2-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl]-4H-carba zol-4-one and physiologically acceptable salts and solvates thereof in the relief or prevention of a withdrawal syndrome resulting from addiction to a drug or substance of abuse and/or for the suppression of dependence on drugs or substances of abuse.

Abstract: Immunoassays of psychoactive drugs including psychotomimetic drugs, narcotic drugs, and tetrahydrocannabinols and treatment methods based on the antigenic properties of protein conjugates of these drugs. These methods are based upon treating the psychoactive substances as haptens and utilizing their protein conjugates to produce antibodies to the psychoactive materials themselves. The immunoassay methods include both agglutination and agglutination-inhibition reactions. The treatment methods include treatment of both exogenous, administered drugs (such as cannabinols, LSD, heroin and morphine) and endogenous substances (such as N,N-Dimethyltryptamine and 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine), by active immunization and also passive immunization.

Abstract: Dihydromorphinone compound of the general formulaHDM.dbd.N--Rwherein ##STR1## where * indicates binding carbon R1 is an optionally substituted alkyl, alkylene, cycloalkyl, or cycloalkyleneR2 is OH or HR3 is OH or OCH3 andR is N.dbd.R4, N--R4, ##STR2## R4 is an optionally substituted alkyl, alkylene, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylene, aryl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylene, or alkenyl, andn is 1-10, and use thereof as an opiate receptor blocker.

Abstract: The use of lofexidine and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts in alleviating the adverse symptoms of drug withdrawal, pre-menstrual tension and peri-menopausal flushing is disclosed.

Abstract: A method for suppressing withdrawal symptoms in an opioid-induced tolerant or physically dependent individual is disclosed. The method comprises administering to such individual an effective amount of a calcium channel blocking drug or pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic salt thereof to suppress said withdrawal in said individual. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions suitable for use in suppressing withdrawal symptoms in an opioid-induced tolerant or physically dependent individual.

Abstract: Treatment of the abuse of those addictive drugs whose apparent mode of operation includes first an enhancement of neurotransmitter activity and subsequently a reduction in that activity--and in accompanying pleasurable sensations--to such an extent that abusers thereof feel compelled to repeat the experience. Examples of abused drugs for which treatment is suitable are amphetamines, cocaine, meperidine, phencyclidine, and new "designer" drugs. The treatment is by daily dosage of phenelzine or equivalent phenylalkylhydrazine so as to effect a degree of monoamine oxidase inhibition incompatible with the abused drug during the period of treatment and for at least a couple weeks thereafter. Concurrent usage is productive of a broad range of dangerous and frightening reactions, described in graphic detail to all patients undergoing such treatment, and any breach of the prohibition confirms the necessity of remaining free of the abused drug throughout.

Abstract: A method for regulating the growth processes in a myriad of cells, tissues, organ systems and unicellular and multicellular organisms including plants, animals and man by the administration of effective amounts of the opioid antagonists naloxone, naltrexone, their analogs metabolites derivatives, and/or mixtures thereof. At the cellular level, the growth processes entail all mitotic events and related processes including cell proliferation, as well as cell migration and cell differentiation, and at the somatic or organismal level, anatomical, behavioral and neurological development, metamorphisis and maturation. Growth regulation can be effected in vivo and/or in vitro.

Abstract: Aliphatic, aromatic, carbonate, carbamate, or sulfonate ester prodrugs of 3-hydroxymorphinans lack the bitter taste of the parent compounds and provide enhanced bioavailability of 3-hydroxymorphinans from buccal, nasal, and sublingual dosage forms.

Abstract: Described is a method for reducing physiological and/or subjective reactivity to stress in humans being subjected to stress conditions. The method consists of administering to such humans an effective amount of a physiological and/or subjective stress reactivity-reducing substance selected from the group consisting of:(i) Nutmeg Oil;(ii) Mace Extract;(iii) Neroli Oil;(iv) Valerian Oil;(v) Myristicin;(vi) Isoelemicin; and(vii) Elemicin.Administration is through inhalation or transdermally using one or more of the above ingredients alone or in a suitable composition such as ethanol and/or a perfume composition, cologne or perfumed article (e.g., air freshener or deodorant stick). Also described is a method for detecting the reduction of physiological and/or subjective reactivity to stress in a human.

Abstract: The use of lofexidine and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts in alleviating the adverse symptoms of drug withdrawal, pre-menstrual tension and peri-menopausal flushing is disclosed.

Abstract: Described is a method for reducing physiological and/or subjective reactivity to stress in humans being subjected to stress conditions. The method consists of administering to such humans an effective amount of a physiological and/or subjective stress reactivity-reducing substance selected from the group consisting of:(i) Nutmeg Oil;(ii) Mace Extract;(iii) Neroli Oil;(iv) Valerian Oil;(v) Myristicin;(vi) Isoelemicin; and(vii) Elemicin.Administration is through inhalation or transdermally using one or more of the above ingredients alone or in a suitable composition such as ethanol and/or a perfume composition, cologne or perfumed article (e.g., air freshener or deodorant stick). Also described is a method for detecting the reduction of physiological and/or subjective reactivity to stress in a human.

Abstract: Described is a method for reducing physiological and/or subjective reactivity to stress in humans being subjected to stress conditions. The method consists of administering to such humans an effective amount of a physiological and/or subjective stress reactivity-reducing substance selected from the group consisting of:(i) Nutmeg Oil;(ii) Mace Extract;(iii) Neroli Oil;(iv) Valerian Oil;(v) Myristicin;(vi) Isoelemicin; and(vii) Elemicin.Administration is through inhalation or transdermally using one or more of the above ingredients alone or in a suitable composition such as ethanol and/or a perfume composition, cologne or perfume article (e.g., air freshener or deodorant stick). Also described is a method for detecting the reduction of physiological and/or subjective reactivity to stress in a human.

Abstract: An analgesic composition in parenteral or sublingual unit dosage form comprising an active dose of buprenorphine and an amount of naltrexone sufficient to prove aversive to a narcotic addict by parenteral administration but insufficient to compromise the analgesic action of the buprenorphine.

Abstract: Physical and emotional symptoms characteristic of withdrawal from narcotics addiction are reduced or eliminated entirely by treatment with a unique combination of naturally-derived ingredients, primarily herbal in origin, the component of highest concentration being Ginseng radix. Other components of the composition include Amanae bulbus, Puchrestrae radix, Euphorbiae pekinensis, Lathyridis semen, Auicular margark feral, Manis squama, Zizyphi spinosi semen, Angelicae gigantis radix, Cnidii rhizoma, Rehmaniae radix and Paeoniae radix. The composition is administered internally, preferably orally, to the subject upon cessation of narcotics intake, with the result that most of the symptoms normally associated with such withdrawal are severely reduced in intensity.

Abstract: Microcapsules particularly those less than 300 microns in size are provided which are adapted for injection by conventional means to afford controlled release of the encapsulated drug material, such as a narcotic antagonist, an antibiotic or the like, over a prolonged period. The microcapsules are characterized by a solid core material of a solid, injectable drug material and a wall material engulfing the core material and composed of a polymer material such as a bioabsorbable polymer material. The microcapsules are made by providing a system containing a mixture of particles of a solid, injectable drug material and a solution of a bioabsorbable polymer material in a solvent in which the drug material is substantially insoluble. The system is treated to induce phase separation of the bioabsorbable polymer material from the solution by the addition to the system of a phase separation agent at a temperature at least as low as -30.degree. C.

Abstract: A method of treating pain which comprises the administration to a patient of a parenterally or sublingually effective dose of buprenorphine together with an amount of naloxone sufficient to prevent substitution in an opiate dependent subject. Preferably when the administration is parenteral the weights of naloxone and buprenorphine are within the ratio of 1:3 to 1:1 and when administered sublingually the weights are within the ratio of 1:2 to 2:1.

Abstract: A method for treating drug addiction from compounds which cause a catabolic effect on the human body, which comprises administering to said body, a sufficient amount of an anabolic agent containing bivalent negative selenium or sulfur.

Abstract: The administration to a heroin addict of ibogaine, ibogaine HCl or other non toxic salts of ibogaine, an alkaloid of the family apocynaceae, has been discovered to unexpectedly interrupt the physiological and psychological aspects of the opiate addiction syndrome. A single treatment was effective for about 6 months, and a series of 4 treatments was effective for approximately 3 years. The treatments consisted of the oral administration of ibogaine or its salts in dosage ranges of 6 mg/kg to 19 mg/kg. The minimum effective dose was 400 mgs and dosage increases above 1000 mgs were found to be unnecessary. Treatments were effective in 71% of the cases.