Abstract: The present invention provides a shampoo composition effective for control of ectoparasites, particularly for extermination of lice. The shampoo composition may contain 0.001% to 5% by weight of pyriproxyfen, 10% to 70% by weight of an anionic surfactant, 0.5% to 20% by weight of a polyhydric alcohol, and optionally 1% to 8% by weight of a pyrethroid compound.

Abstract: Ophthalmic compositions containing biocompatible, bioadhesive polymerizable amphipathic mesophase materials useful for repairing retinal tissue tears or retinal detachments are disclosed. In one embodiment, the polymerizable materials, which comprise substituted fluoroalkyl or perfluoroalkyl monomers having anionic, cationic, and/or nonionic surface active functionality in the unsaturated fluorophobic ends, are polymerized in vivo to provide effective, long-lasting repair of torn, ruptured or detached retinal tissue. Ophthalmic applications of these materials are not limited to retinal repair.

Abstract: A cockroach repellent comprising a non-toxic, non-noxious, non-corrosive compound that is substantially odorless to humans and organisms except to cockroaches, wherein the present invention provides an environmentally safe cockroach repellent that consists of various compositions of matter that includes a mixture of selective amounts of linoleic acid together with a suitable antioxidant preservative which creates a non-noxious vaporous pheromic substance that is repellent to cockroach presence and prevents subsequent infestation in a given area, the compound being synergistic in prolonging over time the desirable action of the invention, and whose vapors do not form a flammable mixture with air.

Abstract: Described is a method of repelling Musca domestica L.(Diptera:Muscidae), Aedes aegypti, Culex nigripalpus, Aedes atlanticus, Culex salinarius, Aedes vexans, Culex spp., Simulium spp., Psoroferia ferox, Aedes infirmatus, Drosophila melanogaster, Coccinellidae, Anopheles crucians, Psoroferia columbiae, Culicoides spp., Aedes spp. and Haematobia for a finite period of time from a three dimensional space inhabited by at least one of such insect species consisting essentially of the step of exposing a three dimensional space to an effective insect species member repelling concentration and quantity of a dimethyl substituted oxymethyl cyclohexane derivative-containing composition of matter defined according to the structure: ##STR1## The above-stated repellents are described to be useful as such or contained in a polymer which can be a biodegradable polymer such as compositions containing a major proportion of poly(epsilon caprolactone) homopolymers.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and compositions for retarding the movement of ants, wasps, and/or termites to a specific locus by use of farnesol or a farnesol related compound.

Abstract: Coatings which comprise a water-based or water soluble resin and plant secondary compounds are described. The plant secondary compounds useful in the present invention consist of those compounds which have insecticidal characteristics. The coatings of the present invention have characteristics of insect repellence, antifeedance and oviposition deterrence.

Abstract: Closely related formulations of GRAS food additives serve as insect repellents, insecticides and larvicides. The ingredients of the repellent, insecticide and larvicide also exhibit useful disinfectant properties against vector-borne pathogenic micro-organisms.

Abstract: An insecticidal and acaricidal smoke fumigant formulation obtained by mixing granules A having a bulk specific gravity of 0.3 to 0.9 and containing a pyrethroid compound as an active ingredient, an inflammable substance and an organic blowing agent, with granules B having a bulk specific gravity of 0.5 to 1.1 and containing potassium perchlorate, potassium nitrate and/or potassium chlorate, burning agent, heat generation-regulating agent, perchlorate-decomposing aid and inorganic filler, the mixing ratio (weight ratio) of the granules A and the granules B being 1 to 0.5-4.

Abstract: A method and device are disclosed which prevent the intrusion of insects onto wood structures by using a controlled release device capable of releasing insecticide. In the disclosed method, the device maintains a minimal effective level of insecticide for a predetermined period of time.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for repelling biting insects such as mosquitoes by topically applying to the skin of a subject fractions of emu oil obtained by flash chromatography. Also provided are methods for repelling biting insects by topically applying diluted fractions of emu oil. The invention also provides a compound useful in repelling biting insects having the NMR spectrum of FIG. 3, that is ultra violet light sensitive and is reactive to vanillin/sulfuric acid. Also provided are compounds useful in repelling biting insects having the NMR spectrum of FIG. 4, that is not ultra violet light sensitive and is not reactive to vanillin/sulfuric acid.

Abstract: Described is a composition which is both an insect repellent and a perfume containing:Para-isopropylcyclohexanol;3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-al;5,9-dimethyl-4,8-decadienal;p-mentha-1,8-diene;o-methyl-betaphenylethyl alcohol; and4-cyclooctenyl methyl carbonate.Also described is a method of using such formulation in order to repel insects.

Abstract: Repellent compositions which contain aromatic aldehydes such as cinnamic aldehyde, .alpha.-hexyl cinnamic aldehyde and/or coniferyl aldehyde are provided, together with methods for their use as repellents for pests including flies, cockroaches, aphids, silverleaf white flies, mosquitoes, ticks, fleas, lice, leafhoppers, thrips, two-spotted spider mites, snails, slugs, biting midges, earwigs, and moths. Also provided are stabilized .alpha.-hexylcinnamic aldehyde (HCA) compositions which reduce the evaporation rate of HCA and/or induce HCA to evaporate at a constant rate over time.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are stable microemulsions that contain insecticides or other insect control agents, and methods for their use. The microemulsions have above 20% hydrocarbon, yet use below 7.5% emulsifier. They can be delivered in aerosol form using a hydrocarbon propellant. A phenol sanitizer can also be included.

Abstract: The invention relates to an odoriferous composition containing a dispersion of microcapsules consisting of at least one surfactant with an odoriferous ingredient encapsulated therein.A method for preparing said compositions and their use for giving off a scent for repelling animals are also disclosed.

Abstract: Described is a method for repelling insects by use of oxymethyl cyclohexane derivatives of the structure ##STR1## wherein Z is methylene; n is 0 or 1; each of the wavy lines represents a carbon-carbon single bond or no bond; the dashed line represents a carbon-carbon double bond or a carbon-carbon single bond; each of R.sub.2, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 are the same or different and each represents hydrogen or methyl; and R.sub.1 represents hydrogen, acetyl or ethoxycarbonyl with the provisos:(i) that n is 1 and each of the wavy lines represents a carbon-carbon single bond when R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.6, are each hydrogen, R.sub.5, R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 are each methyl and the dashed line is a carbon-carbon single bond;(ii) n is 0 and each of the wavy lines represents no bond when R.sub.5 and R.sub.7 are each hydrogen and R.sub.6 and R.sub.8 are each methyl;(iii) R.sub.2 is methyl only when R.sub.1 is ethoxycarbonyl; and(iv) the dashed line is a carbon-carbon single bond only when R.sub.

Abstract: A non-residual, pediculicidal mousse composition for treating head lice consisting essentially of about 0.1 to about 10% w/w of pediculicidal agent, about 70 to about 97% w/w of a foaming agent, which includes water, a surface active agent, a fatty alcohol and a surface active agent, and about 3 to about 20% w/w of an aerosol propellant. In one aspect of the invention, the pediculicidal agent and the foaming agent of the foregoing composition act synergistically against head lice and their eggs.

Abstract: Mono- and di- substituted 1,2 and 1,4 benzoquinones and hydroquinones have been found to have significant feeding deterrent effect with reduced toxicity and irritating effect relative to benzoquinone and hydroquinone. Preferred substituent groups include tert-butyl and tert-amyl.

Abstract: Plant extracts (oils and juices) are used in compositions for repelling insects for avoiding their annoyance, bites and reactions. The compositions are safe for use on the skin of people of all age groups as well as on their clothes. It is a three in one product that repels insects, protects the skin against the adverse effects of ultraviolet light and works as a post-bite treatment as well. The solution is non-flammable and has natural scents.

Abstract: An environmentally safe, topical pest repellent is described. The repellent comprises a variable mixture of natural ingredients including pennyroyal herb, tansy herb, calendula, citronella, pyrethrin and aloe vera. A method is provided to produce tinctures which are combined to form a composition for application to skin of animals such as horses to repel pests such as flies, mosquitos, ticks, and other insects. The composition may be applied to animals by spraying or other suitable devices and carriers.

Abstract: Benzofuroxan, carboxybenzofuroxan and salts thereof have been identified as insect feeding deterrents with reduced or minimal toxicity relative to halogenated benzofuroxans which are utilized as insecticides. Preferred feeding deterrent compositions include an insect feeding deterrent effective amount of carboxybenzofuroxan or a salt thereof and a suitable carrier.

Abstract: An insecticidally-active water-in oil-out emulsion of limited stability is disclosed. The emulsion contains at least water, a hydrocarbon solvent, an insecticidally active material, and a surfactant. When this emulsion is sprayed onto a target surface, an aqueous phase separates from an oil phase in the air or shortly after hitting a target surface.

Abstract: Active ingredient containing liquid formulations wherein the active ingredient is made water and oil resistant after application thereof to a substrate by the addition to the formulation of a fluorinated acrylic copolymer. The substrate can be either an animate or inanimate object. Active ingredients include repellents, attractants, pesticides, growth regulators, sunscreen agents, or medicines. The liquid formulations can be aqueous or organic solvent based or a mixture thereof.

Abstract: Described is a method for repelling at least one of the insect species:(i) Haematobia irritans (Linnaeus) (commonly known as the horn fly); and(ii) Solenopsis invicta Buren (commonly known as the "red imported fire ant")from a surface or volume inhabited by at least one of said insect species consisting of the step of applying to said surface or said volume a "red imported fire ant" and/or horn fly-repelling quantity and concentration of a geraniol-containing mixture comprising:(i) from 0 up to about 20% by weight of nerol;(ii) from about 20 up to about 40% by weight of citronellol; and(iii) from about 50 up to about 70% by weight of geraniolwhich geraniol-containing mixture is defined according to specific GLC profiles set forth in the figures and refractive index and density set forth in the specification.

Abstract: Composite polymer dispensers capable of controlled release of semiochemicals have been developed. The dispensers make use of a solid elastomer matrix reservoir which is at least partially surrounded by a permeable release rate controlling polymer membrane. The matrix materials are polyurethanes compatible with many types of semiochemicals and additives. The release rates of semiochemicals from the dispensers can be varied over a wide range by manipulation of the reservoir conditions and by selection of the type of permeable polymer membrane surrounding the device. The dispensers can have a variety of forms and can be produced by a simple process. The semiochemical devices produced by this method are useful for managing insect and other pests through attraction to traps, for population monitoring or for mass trapping. The devices may also be used to dispense anti-aggregation pheromones or repellents in addition to use for mating confusion or disruption.

Abstract: A social stinging insect repellent composition comprises effective repelling amounts of tea tree oil and benzaldehyde, wherein said social stinging insect is a member of the order Hymenoptera and said tea tree is melaleuca alternifolia.

Abstract: An insect repelling composition includes a mineral oil based carrier and, as an active ingredient, an insect repelling amount of cactus extract made from the leaves and stem of the Prickly Pear cactus. A pest repellant formulation can be prepared by combining an oil based carrier with an insect repelling amount of cactus extract and applying the repellant to the skin, hair or fur of a mammal.

Abstract: A method has been discovered for repelling ants by treating objects or areas with effective amounts of compositions that include (a) one or more C.sub.6 to C.sub.8 carboxylic acids; (b) one or more C.sub.6 to C.sub.14 alcohols; (c) one or more esters which are reaction products of (a) and (b) or an ester which is a reaction product of the repellents and other carboxylic acids or alcohols; (d) one or more C.sub.6 to C.sub.11 carboxylic acid esters; (e) one or more C.sub.6 to C.sub.14 ketones; (f) one or more C.sub.6 to C.sub.14 aldehydes; or (g) mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Device for insecticidal treatment including a transparent plastic container in the form of a dish whose open face has a flat flange; a plastic sheet impervious to liquids and permeable to the vapors of essential oils at ambient temperature, this sheet being attached to the flat flange of the transparent container and adhering to this transparent container so as not to be capable of being grasped manually, and/or detached manually from the flat flange by pulling manually; a protective cover sheet (or film) made of adhesive plastic, also arranged on the face of the transparent container which is provided with flat flanges, this sheet adhering to the above permeable sheet by adhesive bonding and being capable of being grasped manually and/or being detached from the flat flange by pulling manually; and an insecticidal and/or insect repellent composition, this composition being liquid or capable of evaporating completely at ambient temperature and having an insecticidal and/or insect repellent activity in the vapo

Abstract: An insect repellant of biodegradable ingredients, primarily food products or foodstuff derivatives, that is safe and effective over long periods on animals and humans, wherein the insect repellant comprises two basic ingredients which are small amounts of a garlic extract component and a hot pepper extract component in a surfactant and carrier solution, preferably employing vinegar. It requires no petroleum-based materials. A method for repelling insects is also described.

Abstract: Controlled release insect repellent or insecticide based on a non-aqueous gel composition comprising from about 1 to about 20 weight percent of one or more diblock, triblock, radial block and/or multiblock copolymers, or a mixture thereof, based on synthetic thermoplastic rubbers. The ratio of the diblock copolymer to triblock, radial block and/or multiblock copolymer can be varied from about 0 percent to about 100 percent in either direction. The higher the tri-block percentage, the stiffer the resultant gel. The material to be gelled is a hydrocarbon which based on its physical properties plays an important role in setting the controlled release rate. The composition of the hydrocarbon can vary in carbon chain length from an average of about C-13 to about C-30 and can vary in vapor pressure from about 2.3 mm Hg at 20.degree. C. to less than about 0.1 mm Hg at 20.degree. C. The hydrocarbon range on a weight basis is from about 65 to about 95 percent of the total weight of the gelled composition.

Abstract: An arthropod repellent composition containing a monoterpenediol compound selected from carane-3,4-diol-and p-menthane-3,8-diol and a pyrethroid compound selected from phenothrin and permethrin as active ingredients and an inert carrier exhibits an outstandingly high arthropod repellency for a long period of time.

Abstract: 4-allylanisole, and seven analogs, anisole, allylbenzene, 4-isopropylanisole, p-anisaldehyde, ethylbenzene, cumene and 4-methoxyacetophenone are demonstrated to be effective repellents for scolytid infestation. Conifers, a particular target for the scolytids, are protected by application of the compounds, either directly or suspended in a carrier.

Abstract: A pediculicidal composition is provided which is effective against both adult lice and lice eggs and additionally exhibits a strong repellent effect on adult lice. The active ingredient is piperonal which is generally used in solution at a concentration of at least 3%. An additional component of the composition is a film-forming material which is capable of holding the piperonal in contact with the host for at least two hours.

Abstract: A composition and method for killing insect larvae, in particular, fly larvae, in poultry houses, manure piles, or other sites of habitation are disclosed. The composition consists of one or more C.sub.2 to C.sub.6 aliphatic carboxylic acids or alkali metal, alkaline earth, ammonia, primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary ammonium salts in an acceptable formulation for larvacides. The formulation may be applied dry, as an aerosol, or in aqueous or organic solvents.

Abstract: The present invention provides a controlled-release insect repellent device and a method for repelling insects from food, tobacco, or other consumable items. The controlled-release insect repellent device comprises an insect repellent composition contacting a substrate. The controlled-release insect repellent device is prepared by a method comprising applying the insect repellent composition to the substrate wherein the repellent compound used is present in the controlled-release insect repellent device in an amount such that when it is released it is non-toxic to humans and animals. The method for repelling insects comprises placing the controlled-release insect repellent device in an area where insects may be present. The insect repellent composition comprises a repellent compound and a controlled-release agent, the controlled-release agent which comprises a compound which may be synthetic and/or natural, and, optionally, a solvent.

Abstract: This invention relates to a composition and procedure for manipulating the behaviour of nun moth, Lymantria monacha (L.) and gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.). More particularly, this invention relates to the preparation and use of chiral and racemic disparlure, chiral or racemic cis-7,8-epoxy-octadecane, 2-methyl-Z7-octadecene and Z7-octadene for manipulating the behaviour of nun moth and gypsy moth. A composition of chemicals for manipulating the behavior of nun moth and/or gypsy moth, said composition comprising two or more chemicals selected from the group consisting of: (a) 2-methyl-7R,8S-epoxy-octadecane (RS-disparlure); (b) 2-methyl-7S,8R-epoxy-octadecane (SR-disparlure); (c) 7R,8S-epoxy-octadecane; (d) 7S,8R-epoxy-octadecane; (e) 2-methyl-Z7-octadecene; and (f) Z7-octadecene.

Abstract: A non-toxic, environmentally safe and easily employable insecticide and insect repellant is achieved by providing an aqueous composition incorporating ethanolamine based compounds, either independently or in combination with the ethanolamine based compounds being selected from both simple compounds and conjugated compounds. In one preferred embodiment, a highly effective composition is attained for safe, effective, direct topical application to humans and animals by employing between about 10% and 70% by volume of the entire composition of the ethanolamine-based compound. In alternate preferred embodiments, the insecticide is formulated for application to plants, trees, crops, and other vegetation to provide a composition which effectively controls bothersome insects, while being completely safe and non-injurious to the plant, tree, or crop, as well as to the flowers or fruit thereof.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for repelling biting insects such as mosquitoes by topically applying to the skin of a subject fractions of emu oil obtained by flash chromatography. Also provided are methods for repelling biting insects by topically applying diluted fractions of emu oil. The invention also provides a compound useful in repelling biting insects having the NMR spectrum of FIG. 3, that is ultra violet light sensitive and is reactive to vanillin/sulfuric acid. Also provided are compounds useful in repelling biting insects having the NMR spectrum of FIG. 4, that is not ultra violet light sensitive and is not reactive to vanillin/sulfuric acid.

Abstract: A method of repelling soil borne pests, nematodes, insects and insect larvae includes applying a solution of naphthalene or precipitated flocculent naphthalene into or upon the soil where the naphthalene volatilizes and repels nematodes and soil pathogens. In another embodiment of the invention, micron size particles of naphthalene are encapsulated in a polymer which is injected into or applied to the surface of the soil. In a further embodiment of the invention, micron-sized particles of naphthalene are attached to a carrier strip which is applied to the surface of the soil as a mulch, applied below the surface of the soil, or attached to trees or plants for repelling pests.

Abstract: Described is a method of repelling Aedes aegypti for a finite period of time from a three-dimensional space inhabited by Aedes aegypti consisting essentially of the step of exposing a three-dimensional space to an effective Aedes aegypti-repelling concentration and quantity of an unsaturated aldehyde or alcohol derivative-containing composition of matter selected from the group consisting of:(i) a mixture of compounds having the structures: ##STR1## and (ii) a compound having the structure: ##STR2##

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and compositions for retarding the movement of ants, wasps, and/or termites to a specific locus by use of farnesol or a farnesol related compound.

Abstract: The present invention provides a collar containing a novel gel formulation of a wax and linear aliphatic hydrocarbon combination capable of the controlled release of an insecticide such as chlorpyrifos for the control of arthropods infesting animals. FIG. 1 depicts release rate proportional to chlorpyrifos (DURSBAN) concentration.

Abstract: A method has been discovered for repelling ants by treating objects or areas with effective amounts of compositions that include (a) one or more C.sub.6 to C.sub.8 carboxylic acids; (b) one or more C.sub.6 to C.sub.14 alcohols; (c) one or more esters which are reaction products of (a) and (b) or an ester which is a reaction product of the repellents and other carboxylic acids or alcohols; (d) one or more C.sub.6 to C.sub.11 carboxylic acid esters; (e) one or more C.sub.6 to C.sub.14 ketones; or (f) mixtures thereof.

Abstract: An insect repellent is provided and includes terpineol, citronella, and one or both of rhodinol extra and geraniol as actives provided in a conveying medium. The actives are used in small percentages, e.g. as little as 0.01%, preferably at between 0.05% and 0.08%, and preferably less than 1%, yet are synergistically efficacious, particularly against ticks carrying Lyme disease. The conveying medium can be a cosmetic moisturizer lotion, with or without a sun screen. For a spray, the conveying medium can be water or alcohol based. An attractive fragrance is preferably provided as approximately 0.4% of the insect repellent The lotion or spray is safely applied in liberal quantities to humans and animals without unpleasant side effects such as stinging.

Abstract: The stability of an azadirachtin-containing solid preparation is increased if the preparation contains about 5% or less volatile polar solvents and 1% or less water. Reduction of the percentage of volatile polar solvents present in preparations of azadirachtin-containing solids to such levels improves the storage-stability of the solids without significantly degrading the azadirachtin in the solid. Solvents are preferably removed by drying the preparation at a suitable temperature for a time sufficient to reduce the level of water and volatile polar solvents to acceptable levels.

Abstract: Described is a method of repelling Musca domestica L.(Diptera:Muscidae), Aedes aegypti, Culex nigripalpus, Aedes atlanticus, Culex salinarius, Aedes vexans, Culex spp., Simulium spp., Psoroferia ferox, Aedes infirmatus, Drosophila melanogaster, Coccinellidae, Anopheles crucians, Psoroferia columbiae, Culicoides spp., and Aedes spp. for a finite period of time consisting essentially of the step of exposing a three-dimensional space to an effective repelling concentration and quantity of geraniol or a geraniol precursor-containing composition consisting essentially of 50-100% geraniol or a geraniol precursor (e.g., geranyloxy-1,3,2-dioxaborinane, digeranyloxydimethylsilane and geranyl glycosides, for example, geranyl 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside) with the remainder of the composition (if indeed the composition is not 100% geraniol) being a compound selected from the group consisting of citronellol and nerol.

Abstract: A polymeric device and method for the control of insects on animals is disclosed. The device is in the form of an ear tag or other shape which can be attached to an animal using known techniques. A unique polymer/insecticidal formulation is provided by combining an ectoparasiticidal active compound, such as one or more organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids and organochlorines, with a polyurethane polymer. The polymer is the reaction product of 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, polytetramethylene glycol and 1,4-butanediol. By utilizing the particular polymers described, high loadings of insecticides are possible and the resulting product shows no tendency to exude insecticide during prolonged storage. The product made according to the invention can provide effective control of horn flies on cattle for six months or more utilizing a single ear tag or the like where it would take two tags constructed according to the prior art to achieve comparable results.

Abstract: Insect repellent blends, lotions, and sprays are provided. The insect repellent blend includes citronella, geraniol, crystalline 3,8 P-menthanediol (Chinese crystal), and terpineol and/or rhodinol. Preferably, the blend is dissolved or dispersed in a conveying medium so that the resulting product has weight percentages of approximately 0.05% citronella, approximately 0.06% geraniol, approximately 0.08 to 0.5% crystalline 3,8 P-menthanediol approximately 0.06% terpineol and/or approximately 0.08% rhodinol (extra). Four embodiments were tested against the efficacy of the individual ingredients and against an inert control. The interaction of ingredients in each of the embodiments was found by statistical analysis to be synergistic. The embodiments containing higher concentrations of the crystalline 3,8 P-menthanediol were found to have greater efficacy than the embodiments containing lower concentrations of crystalline 3,8 P-menthanediol.

Abstract: A method for alleviating the symptoms of a cosmetic or dermatologic skin condition is described. An effective amount of a poly(hydroxy acid)/polymer conjugate in a pharmaceutically or cosmetically acceptable vehicle is provided. Topical compositions of the conjugates with another cosmetic or dermatological agent, and compounds of the conjugates having attached physiologically active functional groups, are also provided.

Abstract: This invention relates to a stable pesticidal microemulsion formulation comprising from about 0.01 to about 25% by weight of an insect growth regulator, for example methoprene, S-methoprene, hydroprene and/or S-hydroprene, and from about 0.1 to about 5.0% by weight of an active ingredient, for example pyrethroids or permethrins, and from about 3 to 50% by weight of one or more surfactants with a hydrophile-lipophile balance value of 6 or higher, and from about 25 to 98% by weight of water wherein the insect growth regulator and active ingredient are dispersed in the surfactant(s) forming an oil phase which is in turn dispersed in water and forms discrete micelles in the range of about 0.001 to about 0.5 micrometers. This invention also teaches a method of applying the stable pesticidal microemulsion on animals to control ticks and fleas.