Abstract: A method is disclosed for inducing thromboxane suppression in a mammalian subject by percutaneously administering a pharmaceutical composition containing aspirin. Articles useful for practicing the therapeutic methods of the invention are also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention provides for pharmaceutical formulations of compounds which are useful as protective agents when administered to patients also receiving antineoplastic drugs. The invention also includes methods of reducing the toxicity of various antineoplastic agents by administering an effective amount of the protective agent to a patient receiving one or more antineoplastic agents. The compounds useful as protective agents have either a sulfhydryl moiety or are reducible disulfides.

Abstract: The present invention includes a process and composition for treating skin disorders. The composition of the present invention comprises 94.0 to 99.2 percent by weight of cation-free water, 0.1 to 1.0 percent by weight of Calcium chloride, 0.0 to 2.0 percent by weight of linear long chain polyphosphate, 0.1 to 1.0 percent by weight of sodium bicarbonate and 0.5 to 3.0 percent by weight of cross-linked polyacrylamide polymer.

Abstract: This invention provides for pharmaceutical formulations of compounds which are useful as protective agents when administered to patients also receiving antineoplastic drugs. The invention also includes methods of reducing the toxicity of various antineoplastic agents by administering an effective amount of the protective agent to a patient receiving one or more antineoplastic agents. The compounds useful as protective agents have either a sulfhydryl moiety or are reducible disulfides.

Abstract: This invention provides for pharmaceutical formulations of compounds which are useful as protective agents when administered to patients also receiving antineoplastic drugs. The invention also includes methods of reducing the toxicity of various antineoplastic agents by administering an effective amount of the protective agent to a patient receiving one or more antineoplastic agents. The compounds useful as protective agents have either a sulfhydryl moiety or are reducible disulfides.

Abstract: This invention provides for pharmaceutical formulations of compounds which are useful as protective agents when administered to patients also receiving antineoplastic drugs. The invention also includes methods of reducing the toxicity of various antineoplastic agents by administering an effective amount of the protective agent to a patient receiving one or more antineoplastic agents. The compounds useful as protective agents have either a sulfhydryl moiety or are reducible disulfides.

Abstract: A topical composition of a semi-solid consistency suitable is provided for transdermal application of prostaglandin E.sub.1. The composition comprises prostaglandin E.sub.1, a penetration enhancer, a polysaccharide gum, a lipophilic compound, and an acidic buffer system. The penetration enhancer is an alkyl-2-(N,N-disubstituted amino)-alkanoate ester, an (N,N-disubstituted amino)-alkanol alkanoate, or a mixture of these. The lipophilic compound may be an aliphatic C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 alcohol, an aliphatic C.sub.8 to C.sub.30 ester, or a mixture of these. The composition includes a buffer system capable of providing a buffered pH value for said composition in the range of about 3 to about 7.4.

Abstract: This invention provides for pharmaceutical formulations of compounds which are useful as protective agents when administered to patients also receiving antineoplastic drugs. The invention also includes methods of reducing the toxicity of various antineoplastic agents by administering an effective amount of the protective agent to a patient receiving one or more antineoplastic agents. The compounds useful as protective agents have either a sulfhydryl moiety or are reducible disulfides.

Abstract: This invention provides for pharmaceutical formulations of compounds which are useful as protective agents when administered to patients also receiving antineoplastic drugs. The invention also includes methods of reducing the toxicity of various antineoplastic agents by administering an effective amount of the protective agent to a patient receiving one or more antineoplastic agents. The compounds useful as protective agents have either a sulfhydryl moiety or are reducible disulfides.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for the treatment of fungal diseases in nails, which comprises the topical administration to the nail and, if desired, also to the surrounding skin, of (1) a sulfhydryl containing amino acid or a derivative thereof, the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or esters thereof, or stereoisomers thereof, (2) urea, (1) and (2) being administered in an amount sufficient to enhance the permeation of antifungal drugs through nail tissue, either prior to or, preferably, concurrently with the topical administration to the nail of (3) an effective amount of an antifungal drug.

Abstract: This invention provides for pharmaceutical formulations of compounds which are useful as protective agents when administered to patients also receiving antineoplastic drugs. The invention also includes methods of reducing the toxicity of various antineoplastic agents by administering an effective amount of the protective agent to a patient receiving one or more antineoplastic agents. The compounds useful as protective agents have either a sulfhydryl moiety or are reducible disulfides.

Abstract: This invention provides for pharmaceutical formulations of compounds which are useful as protective agents when administered to patients also receiving antineoplastic drugs. The invention also includes methods of reducing the toxicity of various antineoplastic agents by administering an effective amount of the protective agent to a patient receiving one or more antineoplastic agents. The compounds useful as protective agents have either a sulfhydryl moiety or are reducible disulfides.

Abstract: A transdermal composition and related method are described. Specifically, the transdermal composition is substantially free of gestodene or substantially free of isopropyl myristate and substantially free of lower alkanols and comprises: (a) a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmacologically active drug which is subject to acid catalyzed degradation; (b) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier; and (c) a penetration enhancing effective amount of a functional derivative of a fatty acid.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a trandermal preparation of oxicams. In preparation, it is comprised of 0.1% to 50% of an oxicam, 0.1% to 70% of pure compositions from Chinese herbal enhancers as enhancers, as well as other necessary excipients for transdermal delivery of an active ingredient. This transdermal preparation is intended to be used for anti-inflammatory cases, but with few gastrointestinal side effects. Based on results from testing this preparation on nude mice skin, rabbit skin, and human leg skin, it was found that skin penetration of the transdermal preparation containing 20% terpineol oil was 157.6 times higher than that of the control group.

Abstract: Hydroalcoholic compositions useful for the enhancement of the transdermal delivery of a pharmaceutical agent, methods of preparation, transdermal delivery systems, and methods of delivering the pharmaceutical agent are provided. The composition includes a lower alcohol and water in a weight ratio of at least about 20:80, a pharmaceutical agent, and an emulsifier system.

Abstract: A mixed micellar pharmaceutical formulation includes a micellar proteinic pharmaceutical agent, an alkali metal lauryl sulphate, alkali metal salicylate, a pharmaceutically acceptable edetate and at least one absorption enhancing compounds. The absorption enhancing compounds are selected from the group consisting of lecithin, hyaluronic acid, pharmaceutically acceptable salts of hyaluronic acid, octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol, glycolic acid, lactic acid, chamomile extract, cucumber extract, oleic acid, linolenic acid, borage oil, evening of primrose oil, trihydroxy oxo cholanylglycine, glycerin, polyglycerin, lysine, polylysine, triolein and mixtures thereof. The amount of each absorption enhancing compound is present in a concentration of from 1 to 10 wt./wt. % of the total formulation, and the total concentration of absorption enhancing compounds are less than 50 wt./wt. % of the formulation.

Abstract: Described is the use of vitamin E in topically applied compositions for the purpose of enhancing the penetration of therapeutically effective (cosmetically or pharmaceutically-active) drug or cosmetic ingredients. The topical compositions containing the penetration-enhancing concentration of vitamin E may be provided in a variety of forms including semi-solid (gel, paste, cream, lotion, ointment, etc.), liquid, suspension, film or laminate.

Abstract: An oil-in-water emulsion for treating the skin comprising from about 2 to about 10 weight percent of a cationic emulsifier such as dimethyl distearyl ammonium halide, a substantially nonionizable humectant such as glycerine and a weakly acidic material having a disassociation constant of about I to 6. The amount of weakly acidic material is such that the pH of the finished emulsion is about 2.5 to 4.5. also disclosed is a method of preparing the emulsion.

Abstract: The invention is directed to methods and pharmaceutical compositions for the topical administration of analgesic drugs which affects peripheral muscarinic receptors such as neostigmine. In particular, the invention relates to topical administration of an analgesic agent, e.g., neostigmine, optionally in admixture with a skin- or mucosal-specific penetration enhancer, to produce a localized analgesic effect in inflamed or non-inflamed skin or mucosal tissue, and without a transdermal or transmucosal migration of the agent, e.g., into the central nervous system.

Abstract: The invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition for transdermal administration, characterized in that it comprises:a) optionally, a polymeric release matrix capable of forming a flexible film after drying, chosen from cellulose polymers or copolymers or vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate copolymersb) an active principlec) a promoter of transcutaneous absorption of the active principled) a physiologically acceptable non-aqueous solvent capable of dissolving the release matrix, the active principle and the transcutaneous absorption promoter and also capable of being rapidly removed by evaporation on contact with the skin.

Abstract: The permeation of a therapeutic agent through the epithelium by topical administration is enhanced by the further topical administration of a stearylamine, transvaccenic acid or a combination of a stearylamine and transvaccenic acid.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the transdermal administration of at least one drug together with a suitable amount of a permeation enhancer comprising monoalkyl ethers of polyethyleneglycol and their alkyl or aryl carboxylic acid esters and carboxymethyl ethers. The invention includes a transdermal drug delivery device comprising a matrix adapted to be placed in drug- and- permeation enhancer- transmitting relation with a skin site. The matrix contains sufficient amounts of the permeation enhancer and drug, in combination, to continuously administer drug to the systemic circulation of a patient at a therapeutically effective rate. The invention is also directed to compositions and methods for transdermal administration of at least one drug together with a permeation enhancer of this invention, alone or in combination with other enhancers.

Abstract: Buprenorphine is a potent analgesic agent, it has been shown to be as effective as morphine. The main clinical application of buprenorphine is to relief postoperative pains or for patients in the terminal phase of cancer. The chance of becoming addiction and abuse is low, therefore it is pretty safe for clinical use. The half life of buprenorphine is short, since its hepatic extraction (extraction ratio is 0.7 to 0.9) and metabolism are high. For these reasons, oral administration of buprenorphine becomes impractical due to the need of giving drug frequiently. The present invention is related to enhancers used in transdermal preparations of narcotic analgesic agents. This invention employs pure components of Chinese herbs in a fixed ratio as transdermal penetration enhancers. Compositions of these transdermal preparations usually include 0.1 to 50% of narcotic analgesic agent, 0.

Abstract: Non-greasy topical solutions, emulsion gels or lotions comprising as the active agent a compound of formula I ##STR1## and a lower alkanol, and if desired together with a solubilizing agent or an oil phase such as isopropyl myristate are useful delivery systems.

Abstract: Disclosed are topical compositions which are useful for providing essentially immediate improvements in skin appearance, e.g., good coverage of skin imperfections, e.g., pores and uneven skin tone, in addition to chronic improvements in skin appearance, while retaining a natural skin appearance. The compositions contain a particulate material having a refractive index of at least about 2, e.g., TiO.sub.2, and an active for regulating skin condition following multiple topical applications of the composition. Preferred actives include Vitamin B.sub.3 compounds and retinoids.

Abstract: A composition suitable for transdermal electrotransport delivery of an agent through a body surface comprises a free acid/base form of an agent to be delivered by transdermal electrotransport, and a salt form of the agent, and optionally a permeation enhancer. Methods of enhancing transdermal electrotransport delivery and of forming a composition for the enhancement of transdermal electrotransport drug delivery, and a transdermal electrotransport delivery device (10) utilizing the compositions of the invention are disclosed.

Abstract: A transdermal therapeutic system (TTS) which contains as the active ingredients an oestrogen and a gestagen or a gestagen or androgen as well as an acrylate adhesive and, as resorption promoters, the two substances oleic acid and 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethanol.

Abstract: An electrotransport device (10) for transdermal delivery of an agent through a body surface has a donor reservoir (16) which contains a compound formed of the agent and a transdermal permeation enhancer, the compound being able to dissociate into an agent ion and an enhancer counter ion. Methods of enhancing transdermal electrotransport drug delivery and methods of forming a composition exhibiting enhanced transdermal electrotransport drug delivery are also provided.

Abstract: This invention pertains to therapeutic wound healing compositions for protecting and resuscitating mammalian cells (Embodiment One (I)). This invention also pertains to therapeutic TGF-beta-wound healing compositions for reducing the formation of scar tissue and increasing the proliferation and resuscitation rate of mammalian cells (Embodiment Two (II)). In a first aspect of Embodiment One (I.A), the therapeutic wound healing composition comprises (a) pyruvate, (b) an antioxidant, and (c) a mixture of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. In a second aspect of Embodiment One (I.B), the therapeutic wound healing composition comprises (a) pyruvate, (b) lactate, and (c) a mixture of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. In a third aspect of Embodiment One (I.C), the therapeutic wound healing composition comprises (a) an antioxidant and (b) a mixture of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. In a fourth aspect of Embodiment One (I.

Abstract: The present invention relates to topical over-the-counter and prescription strength analgesic and antiphlogistic blended compositions which are useful for reducing inflammation and providing relief from both peripheral and central pain as well as to a flexible therapeutic wrap for topical delivery of said blended compositions. More particularly, the invention is a blended composition comprising from about 3% to about 30% by weight of extract of arnica montana in combination with an effective amount of one or more therapeutic or pharmaceutical agents selected from the group consisting of menthol crystal, camphor, oil of mint, eucalyptus oil, guaifenesin, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications, topical analgesics, or transdermal opioid analgesics blended in either a pluronic lecithin organogel (PLO) or a petrolatum base. The particular agents selected and the percent composition of each selected ingredient in a given blend being determined by the needs and sensitivities of the given patient.

Abstract: A method of using a topically applied skin sensitizer dispersed in a manually applied vehicle which substantially increases tissue sensation. The principal ingredient is benzalkonium chloride in a water soluble gel which includes sorbitol, glycerin, hydroxethylcellulose and propylene glycol.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for preventing ovulation in a woman are provided, as well as compositions and methods for female hormone replacement therapy. The compositions can be administered by the use of a transdermal patch. The patch will administer 17-deacetyl norgestimate alone or in combination with an estrogen such as ethinyl estradiol to women.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new cosmetic skin-care product for external use, which is based on UV-radiation-absorbing substances in combination with a free-radical scavenger system.

Abstract: A composition comprised of non-esterified fatty acids having 14-18 carbon atoms; monoglycerides which are monoesters of glycerol and fatty acids having 14-18 carbon atoms; lysophosphatidyl choline in which the fatty acid moiety has 14-18 carbon atoms and a drug is disclosed. The composition is useful for the delivery of orally-administered drugs. The composition is also useful as a source of readily absorbable fat. When used in this manner, the composition is comprised of non-esterified fatty acids having 14-18 carbon atoms; monoglycerides which are monoesters of glycerol and fatty acids having 14-18 carbon atoms; lysophosphatidyl choline in which the fatty acid moiety has 14-18 carbon atoms. A method of making the compositions disclosed is also described.

Abstract: Scopolamine is a folksy cholinergic antagonist, and is used by parasympathetic nerves in autonomic nervous neurons as an anti-motion sickness drug or an anti-emesis drug. Since the human body most effectively absorbs this drug through the postauricular skin, the drug is administered by postauricular transdermal resorption patch. The penetrability of drug is increase by adding a dermal penetrative enhancer, because the penetration ability of patch-administered drugs is usually decreased by the penetrative blockade at dermal horny layers. The present invention discloses a penetration enhancer to increase dermal absorption and penetration of the cholinergic antagonist. The present invention finds that polyethylene and amide enhance penetration, about 2.2-2.8 fold. In accordance with the present invention, a penetration enhancer is added to the formulations of transdermal patch to increase the human body's absorption of scopolamine.

Abstract: The invention is directed to nitric oxide (NO) donor compounds and to pharmaceutical compositions containing such nitric oxide (NO) donor compounds, for delivering NO to the apical surface of a mucosa, where the nitric oxide is released for passage across the epithelial monolayer of the mucous membrane. The NO donor compounds include polyalkyleneamine NO donors as well as tertiary and quaternary amino aliphatic NO donor compounds. The compounds and compositions of the invention are useful in any situation in which it is desirable to deliver NO across a mucosal surface. For example, the compounds and compositions of the invention are particularly useful in treating pulmonary hypertension, male impotence, and several other specific conditions.

Abstract: A lotion such as a sunscreen includes a color indicator which colorizes the lotion until the lotion is applied to human skin, whereinafter the colored lotion changes color or turns clear. A physiological color indicator such as a pH indicator, a colorant, or a water-soluble dye such as coumarin can be used, alone or in combination, to colorize the lotion in accord with the invention. The lotion is suitable for use in any lotion, gel, mousse or medication that is best applied in an even and uniform manner to the skin. Accordingly, one preferred use of the invention is in UV-protection sunscreens so that a user can ensure even distribution of the sunscreen on the body. A sunscreen of the invention can also include an emollient, such as jacoba oil, an emulsifier, a surfactant, such as sorbitol, water, and a pH adjuster, such as triethanolamine.

Abstract: A lotion such as a sunscreen includes a pH indicator which colorizes the lotion until the lotion is applied to the human skin, whereinafter the colored lotion turns clear. A physiologically compatible pH indicator such as phenolphthalein is used which has a red appearance from pH 7.5+ and which has a clear appearance from about pH 7.0 to 7.5, the general pH range of the skin. The invention is suitable for use in any lotion, gel, mousse or medication that is best applied in an even and uniform manner to the skin. Accordingly, one preferred use of the invention is in UV-protecting sunscreens so that a user can ensure even distribution of the sunscreen on the body. In certain aspects of the invention, a cap houses the pH indicator and attaches to a container of the lotion, e.g., a sunscreen. The pH indicator mixes with the lotion as it is applied to the skin.

Abstract: A transdermal drug delivery system which enhances the delivery of the drug comprises a composition containing, as an enhancer, one or more C.sub.6 to C.sub.22 fatty acid esters of a lactic acid salt. These compositions are made up of a safe and effective amount of an active pharmaceutical permeant contained in a penetration-enhancing vehicle comprising, 0.25 to 50% w. of the fatty acid ester of a lactic acid salt enhancer in a suitable pressure sensitive adhesive carrier vehicle formed from and aqueous emulsion based pressure sensitive adhesive.

Abstract: The present invention involves the novel use of various classes of drugs, such as H.sub.2 and H.sub.3 agonists, as erectogenic agents in the treatment of male and female sexual dysfunction.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for enhancing the analgesic efficacy of a locally applied opioid analgesic or local anesthetic agent in a mammal having an impermeable perineurium barrier sheet about the peripheral sensory nerves at the site of action of the analgesic or anesthetic agent. The method involves applying to that site an effective amount of the analgesic or anesthetic agent dissolved in a hyperosmolar solution having an osmolality of above 300 mOsm/l.

Abstract: Various preparations for treating or relieving pain in a patient are disclosed wherein preparations containing caesium ions, preferably in the form of caesium chloride, and preferably also magnesium ions in the form of magnesium sulphate, are administered externally or internally to the patient. In one preferred embodiment a topical preparation is provided which consists of strips of microporous material (A) on each side of a plastics backing layer (B) impregnated with an aqueous solution containing caesium chloride and magnesium sulphate. In an alternative embodiment a cream preparation containing caesium chloride and magnesium sulphate is provided for external application to the patient.

Abstract: A method of treating and reducing a drug dependency such as a nicotine dependency is provided. The method comprises initially administering to a subject a drug, such as nicotine or an agonist of the drug in an amount which would normally provide the desired pharmacologic effects and at least partially satiate the needs for the drug by a user. The method also comprises administering to the subject an antagonist to the drug or an agonist in an amount sufficient to at least partially block the pharmacologic effects of the drug or an agonist while there is a substantial amount of the drug or an agonist present in the system of the user. In one embodiment of the invention, the drug and the antagonist are administered substantially simultaneously so as to occupy a substantial portion of the receptors of the user for that drug thereby blocking or attenuating the effects of any further intake of the drug or an agonist thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides for stabilization of misoprostol in solid dispersions using amorphous excipients or excipients which have been converted to an amorphous state such as hydroxypropyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate phthalate, cellulose acetate butyrate, hydroxyethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, starch, polypropylene, dextrans, dextrins, hydroxypropyl .beta.-cyclodextrin chitosan, co-(lactic/glycolic)copolymers, poly(orthoester), polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, ethylene vinyl acetate, lectins, carbopols, silicon elastomers, cyclodextrins, polyacrylic polymers, maltodextrins, lactose, fructose, inositol, trehalose, maltose, and raffinose, (and other mono-, di- and tri- saccharides) and .alpha.-, .beta.- and .gamma.-cyclodextrins, and more preferably the excipients which are used are dextran, maltodextrin, hydroxypropyl .beta.-cyclodextrin and maltose.

Abstract: Topical composition for transdermal delivery of morphine. The composition contains certain morphine esters in association with a carrier. The compositions relieved pain or tranquilize a mammal when delivered transdermally.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition for trans-mucosal or transdermal administration wherein a per-C.sub.2-18 acylated cyclodextrin is used as a drug reservoir or carrier. The composition can be used safely and exhibits excellent drug release behavior.

Abstract: A transdermal therapeutic system comprising the active substance estradiol and having a layered structure of a backing layer which is impermeable to active substances and moisture, and active substance-containing matrix, and, if necessary, a removable protective layer covering the matrix, is characterized by the fact that the matrix comprises glycerol either comprising a maximum of 1%-wt. of water or being substantially free from water.

Abstract: A topically applied aphrodisiac dispersed in a manually applied vehicle which substantially increases tissue sensation. The principal ingredient is benzalkonium chloride in a water soluble gel which includes sorbitol, glycerin, hydroxethylcellulose and propylene glycol.

Abstract: The present invention contemplates a translucent, preferably clear, anhydrous gel composition (for example a solid stick, soft solid, cream as well as any form commonly referred to as a gel), especially an antiperspirant stick composition, comprising: (a) dibenzylidene sorbitol; (b) a selected derivatized guar, especially an hydroxy C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 alkyl guar having a level of hydroxyalkylation of 0.4-1.5 molar substitution ("MS"); and (c) a solvent selected so that is will not react with the DBS itself or, if an acid catalyst is present, will not react in the presence of DBS with an acid catalyst such as an antiperspirant active salt.

Abstract: A drug for the release of active substances to the skin, which has an increased deuterium portion as compared to the natural isotope distribution.