Abstract: The present subject matter illustrates a method for accelerated in-situ chemical reduction of subsoil matter. The method comprises supplying a mixture comprising ferrous sulfide into soil pathways to biologically react with dissolved contaminates in the groundwater. Further, an organic hydrogen donor is supplied into the soil-pathways to produce anerobic-conditions to cause indigenous anaerobic bacteria to biodegrade residual concentrations of the contaminates.

Abstract: A piezoelectric element has a diaphragm, a first electrode on the diaphragm, a piezoelectric layer on the first electrode, and a second electrode on the piezoelectric layer. The piezoelectric layer is a stack of multiple piezoelectric films and is made of a perovskite composite oxide containing lead, zirconium, and titanium and represented by the general formula ABO3, with the molar ratio of the A-site to the B-site (A/B) in the perovskite composite oxide being 1.14 or more and 1.22 or less. In current-time curve measurement, the activation energy calculated from relaxation current using an Arrhenius plot is 0.6 [eV] or less. The relaxation current is the amount of current at the time at which a downward trend in current turns upward.

Abstract: The present invention provides Janus particles and a novel vesicle. In particular, the novel vesicle comprises a plurality of the Janus particles. The Janus particles have symmetric and asymmetric stretching vibrations of CH2 at about 2920 and 2850 cm?1, each with a shoulder, in Fourier transform infrared spectrum.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to homogeneous suspensions of small molecule immune potentiators (SMIPs) that are capable of stimulating or modulating an immune response in a subject in need thereof. The homogeneous suspensions may be used in combinations with various antigens or adjuvants for vaccine therapies.

Abstract: A cosmetic preparation containing a crosslinkable silicone rubber emulsion comprising (A) 100 parts by weight of a straight chain or branched organopolysiloxane containing at least two hydroxyl groups bonded to the silicon atom per molecule prepared by ring-opening polymerization of a cyclic organosiloxane in the presence of an alkoxysilane or its partial hydrolytic condensate or an ?,?-dihydroxy or dialkoxy siloxane oligomer by using a catalyst selected from citric, lactic, and ascorbic acids and an anionic surfactant emulsifier; and (B) 0.5 to 20 parts by weight of a reaction product of an amino group-containing organoxysilane and an acid anhydride.

Abstract: A method for making microparticles having an exterior surface that includes preparing a self-assembled arrangement of microparticles; contacting the self-assembled microparticles with a patch-forming agent resulting in a microparticle/patch-forming agent assembly having proximal regions between adjacent microparticles and/or proximal regions between a microparticle and another substrate, wherein the patch-forming agent is present in the proximal region; and condensing the patch-forming agent such that a pattern of a plurality of discrete patches of patch-forming agent are formed on the exterior surfaces of the microparticles at the proximal regions. A synthetic microsphere having an exterior spherical surface, wherein the exterior spherical surface comprises a first material and a plurality of discrete, uniformly-dimensioned, patches of a second bioactive material arranged in an orderly array over more than one hemisphere of the microsphere.

Abstract: It is an object to provide a method for producing compound semiconductor particles in which monodisperse compound semiconductor particles can be prepared according to the intended object, clogging with products does not occur due to self-dischargeability, a large pressure is not necessary, and productivity is high. In producing compound semiconductor particles by separating and precipitating, in a fluid, semiconductor raw materials, the fluid is formed into a thin film fluid between two processing surfaces arranged so as to be able to approach to and separate from each other, at least one of which rotates relative to the other, and the semiconductor raw materials are separated and precipitated in the thin film fluid.

Abstract: In a fragrance and/or aroma composition for the targeted release of fragrances and/or aromas in the form of a solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) dispersion, in which lipid-based nanoparticles are present which are stabilized by an emulsifier monolayer, one or more membrane layers or other auxiliaries, the fragrances and/or aromas are included in the nanoparticles and/or in the emulsifier monolayer or the membrane layers.

Abstract: Oil-in-water emulsions contain an oil dispersed phase, an aqueous continuous phase, and partly silylated pyrogenic silica having a content of silanol groups of 1.7 to 0.9 SiOH/nm2 wherein 50% to 95% of silanol groups of the starting silica are silylated, present at the interface between the dispersed phase and the continuous phase and an electrolyte content in the aqueous phase which establishes the viscosity of the emulsion.

Abstract: A fine polymer particle production method includes producing an emulsion in a liquid prepared by dissolving and mixing a polymer A and a polymer B in organic solvents in which a solution phase composed primarily of the polymer A and a solution phase composed primarily of the polymer B are formed as separate phases, and bringing it into contact with a poor solvent for the polymer A to precipitate the polymer A. This method serves for easy synthesis of fine polymer particles with a narrow particle size distribution and the method can be effectively applied to production of highly heat-resistant polymers that have been difficult to produce with the conventional methods.

Abstract: The invention provides a catalyst composition, which includes an emulsion of an aqueous phase in an oil phase, wherein the aqueous phase comprises an aqueous solution containing a group 6 metal and a group 8, 9 or 10 metal. The metals can be provided in two separate emulsions, and these emulsions are well suited for treating hydrocarbon feedstocks.

Abstract: A process for producing polymer microparticles by suspension polymerization of a vinyl-based monomer in which, when polymer microparticles are produced by suspension polymerization of a vinyl-based monomer, a macromonomer having a radically polymerizable unsaturated group at a terminus of a vinyl-based monomer-derived polymer is used as a dispersion stabilizer.

Abstract: The invention relates to water-in-oil (W/O) or oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions containing an oil phase of at least one water-insoluble constituent; an aqueous phase; pyrogenic silica at the oil-water interface, the pyrogenic silica partially silylated such that non-silylated surface silanol groups remaining are between 95% and 5% of initial silanol groups, the equivalent of 1.7 to 0.1 surface SiOH groups per nm2, a surface energy gamma-s-D of 30 to 80 mJ/m2, and a specific BET surface area between 30 and 500 m2/g; and optionally other substances, such as pigments or preservatives. The inventive emulsions have a mean particle size of the dispersed phase, of between 0.5 ?m and 500 ?m, and are of low viscosity.

Abstract: Reversible switchable surfactants are provided. A surfactant is the salt of an amidine or guanidine: having at least one R group that is a hydrophobic moiety selected from the group consisting of higher aliphatic moiety, higher siloxyl moiety, higher aliphatic/siloxyl moiety, aliphatic/aryl moiety, siloxyl/aryl moiety, and aliphatic/siloxyl/aryl moiety. The other R groups are smaller moieties such as H, C1 to C4 aliphatic or the like. The surfactant is turned on by a gas that liberates hydrogen ions, such as, for example, carbon dioxide, which liberates hydrogen ions in the presence of water. The surfactant is turned off by exposure to a flushing gas and/or heating. When “on” the surfactants are useful to stabilize emulsions, and when “off” they are useful to separate immiscible liquids or a liquid and a solid. The surfactants find uses in polymerization and in the oil industry.

Abstract: A thixotropic gel suitable for use in subsurface bioremediation is provided along with a process of using the gel. The thixotropic gel provides a non-migrating injectable substrate that can provide below ground barrier properties. In addition, the gel components provide for a favorable environment in which certain contaminants are preferentially sequestered in the gel and subsequently remediated by either indigenous or introduced microorganisms.

Abstract: An acid-in-oil emulsion having a corrosion inhibitor as the external phase has been found to prevent downhole corrosion when acidizing carbonate formations to enhance hydrocarbon recovery.

Abstract: A method of preparing an organic sol of particles is provided. Steps include: a) providing a suspension of particles in an aqueous medium; b) adding an organic liquid to form an admixture where the concentration of particles in the admixture is less than or equal to 40 percent by weight; c) maintaining the admixture at a temperature and pressure and for a time sufficient to reduce the water content to less than 30 percent by weight while simultaneously adding a water-compatible organic liquid at a rate sufficient to maintain a concentration of particles in the admixture at less than or equal to 50 percent by weight; and d) adding at least one polymer while maintaining the admixture at a temperature and pressure and for a time sufficient to provide an organic sol of particles comprising 1 percent by weight or less of water.

Abstract: The invention provides a process of making porous structures or materials, including the colloidal processing (e.g. slip casting, pressure casting, tape casting or electrophoretic deposition) of solid particle emulsions to form a green body that can be directly sintered without a de-binding step.

Abstract: Disclosed is a multi-compartment medical device useful in the storage, processing and extended shelf life of perishable products, especially pharmaceutical, food and biological products. Particular biological materials processed according to the present methods are human blood and blood products (RBCs). Also disclosed are processes for preserving food, pharmaceutical and biological products for long-term storage and extended shelf life employing a process that reduces the hydration level of the material to less than native hydration levels of the specific product. The invention further provides stabilized biological products, such as in the form of glassified beads, prepared using a two-phase system according to the described processes that may be rehydrated and prepared for clinical use, and having essentially no loss of biological and/or pharmacological activity.

Abstract: A compound oxide manufacturing method includes: dispersing micelles, in each of which an aqueous phase is formed, in an oil phase; producing primary particles of a precursor of compound oxide in the aqueous phases in the micelles; synthesizing secondary particles by causing the primary particles to aggregate; and causing the secondary particles to aggregate by breaking the dispersion state of the micelles, or by causing the micelles to coalesce. In particular, polarization is produced in each of the micelles with the use of a cation having an ionic radius larger than that of a metal ion at least when the secondary particles are synthesized in the micelles.

Abstract: An oil-in-water emulsion useful as a defoamer for pulp and paper mill applications is described. The defoamer has an oil blend (of a triglyceride oil or a mixture of triglyceride oils and silicone), a stabilizing agent (to make the oil blend stable in the emulsion), hydrophobic silica particles, surfactants, dispersants, and other components. The emulsion is usable directly at low concentrations to control foam.

Abstract: A defoamer made from a composition that has at least one triglyceride oil or triglyceride oil mixture, at least one silicone, at least one silicone-triglyceride stabilizing agent, hydrophobic silica particles, optionally one or more surfactants and/or dispersants, and optionally one or more thickeners, and optionally one or more biocides. The defoamers described herein have utility in controlling foam in industrial applications. Typically, the defoamer can be used to control foam in pulp and paper applications.

Abstract: The invention is a method of forming Janus particles, that includes forming an emulsion that contains initial particles, a first liquid, and a second liquid; solidifying the first liquid to form a solid that contains at least a portion of the initial particles on a surface of the solid; and treating the exposed particle sides with a first surface modifying agent, to form the Janus particles. Each of the initial particles on the surface has an exposed particle side and a blocked particle side.

Abstract: An invert emulsion fluid system and a method of performing petroleum recovery operations using an invert emulsion fluid system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to innovative nanoparticles, to a process for preparing nanoparticles by recrystallization, and to the use thereof.

Abstract: The present invention belongs to a method for preparing organic ligand-capped titanium dioxide nanocrystals, wherein the method comprises steps of using methyl titanate, ethyl titanate, n-propyl titanate, iso-propyl titanate, butyl titanate or titanium tetrachloride as a titanium source, and with capping by oleic acid or an organic capping agent, reacting the titanium source in an organic non-polar solvent with an aqueous alkaline substance solution in the interface at a temperature of 25 to 280° C. for 0.5 to 240 hrs, thus a transparent sol containing titanium dioxide nanocrystals is obtained, said the titanium dioxide nanocrystals have particle diameters of 1-20 nm. The preparing process has the features of mild reaction conditions and is a simpler and easier method with a shorter preparation period, thereby facilitating the industrialization.

Abstract: Methods for the formation of colloidal suspensions. The method includes combining an aqueous substance with a second substance that is normally immiscible with the aqueous substance, to form a mixture, and before, during or after the combining removing dissolved gases from one or both of the aqueous and second substance, whereby the aqueous and second substances mix and form a colloidal suspension. The methods for the formation of colloidal suspensions include methods for the formation of emulsions as well as particulate dispersions. The methods used to form the colloidal suspensions in accordance with the present invention produce colloidal suspensions that are stable for periods from an hour to several weeks in the absence of surfactants or stabilizing agents.

Abstract: An oil-in-water-in-oil emulsion (O/W/O) comprising a first oil-in-water emulsion dispersed in a second oil, and a method of preparing the same. The O/W/O emulsion can be used as a drive fluid in an enhanced oil recovery process. The O/W/O emulsion of this invention may also be used as a lubricant, and has the beneficial property of being resistant to shear forces.

Abstract: An oil-in-water-in-oil emulsion (O/W/O) comprising a first oil-in-water emulsion dispersed in a second oil, and a method of preparing the same. The O/W/O emulsion can be used as a drive fluid in an enhanced oil recovery process. The O/W/O emulsion of this invention may also be used as a lubricant, and has the beneficial property of being resistant to shear forces.

Abstract: A dispersion of carbon nanoparticles is prepared by monodispersing carbon nanoparticles in water droplets of a reverse micelle solution in which the water droplets are coated with amphiphilic molecules and dispersed in an organic solvent. In a method of preparing the dispersion of carbon nanoparticles, carbon nanoparticles and a monodispersion function material, e.g., ammonia, for imparting a polarity to surfaces of the carbon nanoparticles are added to the reverse micelle solution. The solution is then stirred, so that the carbon nanoparticles whose surfaces have the polarity are monodispersed in the water droplets of the reverse micelle solution. Further, a metal alkoxide is added to the solution and then stirring them, so that the surfaces of the carbon nanoparticles are coated with oxide of the metal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a series of novel polyesters that are prepared by crosslinking polyglycerol and dimer acid. The nature of the water loving polyglycerol group as well as the fact that a C-36 fatty diacid is used in preparation of the products results in unique products.

Abstract: A method and a device for making a dispersion or an emulsion (41) from at least two fluids known to be unmiscible, the fluids constituting a dispersed phase (40) and a dispersing phase (44), the dispersed phase (40) being driven through a porous body (24) into the dispersing phase (44). The invention is characterized in that the porous body (24) is vibrated by a mechanical, electrical or magnetic excitation.

Abstract: Methods for the production of shaped nanoscale-to-microscale structures, wherein a nanoscale-to-microscale template is provided having an original chemical composition and an original shape, and the nanoscale-to-microscale template subjected to a chemical reaction, so as to partially or completely convert the nanoscale-to-microscale template into the shaped nanoscale-to-microscale structure having a chemical composition different than the original chemical composition and having substantially the same shape as the original shape, being a scaled version of the original shape. The shaped nanoscale-to-microscale structure formed comprises an element (such as silicon), a metallic alloy (such as a silicon alloy), or a non-oxide compound (such as silicon carbide or silicon nitride).

Abstract: Emulsified systems of a surfactant-stabilized, biodegradable water-in-solvent emulsion with bimetallic particles contained with the emulsion droplets are useful at removing PCBs from ex situ structures. The hydrophobic emulsion system draws PCBs through the solvent/surfactant membrane. Once inside the membrane, the PCBs diffuse into the bimetallic particles and undergo degradation. The PCBs continue to enter, diffuse, degrade, and biphenyl will exit the particle maintaining a concentration gradient across the membrane and maintaining a driving force of the reaction.

Abstract: A papermaking method and a composition which utilize, as a drainage aid, a water-soluble anionic copolymer prepared via a water-in-oil polymerization technique that, absent a cross-linking agent, is characterized by a Huggins' constant (k?) determined in 0.01M NaCl greater than 0.75 and a storage modulus (G?) for a 1.5 wt. % actives polymer solution at 4.6 Hz greater than 175 Pa.

Abstract: A method of treating a subterranean formation penetrated by a well bore including: (a) preparing a fracturing fluid containing a mixture resulting from: (I) providing a water-in-oil emulsion composition that includes: (i) 5% to 99% by weight of a water-in-oil emulsion polymer comprising a polymer or copolymer containing repeat units from an acrylamide monomer; (ii) 0.5% to 90% by weight of a carrier solvent; and (iii) 0 to 90% by weight of a fluidizing agent; and adding (iv) 0.1% to 10% by weight of one or more inorganic microparticles, where the total of all components is 100% by weight; and (II) adding the water-in-oil emulsion composition to water; and (b) contacting the subterranean formation with the fracturing fluid.

Abstract: Composition containing an oily continuous phase and a particulate phase, the oily continuous phase containing at least one dipentaerythritol ester, the particulate phase containing particles of acrylic polymer. Process for making up or caring for the skin, comprising the application of the invention composition to the skin.

Abstract: To provide a process for producing inorganic spheres having a substantially uniform particle size with high productivity. In a process for producing inorganic spheres, which comprises a step of injecting an alkaline aqueous liquid containing an inorganic compound into a laminar flow of an organic liquid containing a surfactant through micropores to form a W/O type emulsion, and a step of solidifying droplets of the aqueous liquid containing an inorganic compound in the W/O type emulsion by an acid to form inorganic spheres, as the organic liquid, one which is brought into contact with an acid in a state of the W/O type emulsion or after separated from the W/O type emulsion, or one which is brought into contact with the aqueous liquid and then separated and recovered, is used.

Abstract: The invention is a method of forming Janus particles, that includes forming an emulsion that contains initial particles, a first liquid, and a second liquid; solidifying the first liquid to form a solid that contains at least a portion of the initial particles on a surface of the solid; and treating the exposed particle sides with a first surface modifying agent, to form the Janus particles. Each of the initial particles on the surface has an exposed particle side and a blocked particle side.

Abstract: A method of treating a subterranean formation, the method comprising: (A) injecting down a well bore into the formation an admixture of (a) an emulsion having an internal aqueous phase comprising a water-soluble oil or gas field chemical or an aqueous dispersion of a water-dispersible oil or gas field chemical and an external oil phase comprising a liquid hydrocarbon and an oil-soluble surfactant and (b) a demulsifier comprising a solution of a surfactant having a cloud point temperature of above 40° C.; or (B) separately injecting down a well bore into the formation emulsion (a) and demulsifier (b) and generating an admixture of emulsion (a) and demulsifier (b) within the formation.

Abstract: A method of treating a subterranean formation, the method comprising: (A) injecting down a well bore into the formation an admixture of (a) an emulsion having an internal aqueous phase comprising a water-soluble oil or gas field chemical or an aqueous dispersion of a water-dispersible oil or gas field chemical and an external oil phase comprising a liquid hydrocarbon and an oil-soluble surfactant and (b) a demulsifier comprising a solution of a surfactant having a cloud point temperature of above 40° C.; or (B) separately injecting down a well bore into the formation emulsion (a) and demulsifier (b) and generating an admixture of emulsion (a) and demulsifier (b) within the formation.

Abstract: Long-chained polymer compounds are useful to viscosify aqueous brine fluids so that they can function as drilling fluids, completion/workover fluids, fracturing fluids, agricultural products, cleaning compounds, etc. These polymers may be hydrated with a microemulsion or lactescent emulsion prior to being added to the target fluid. The rate and completeness of hydration by this method are controlled and improved. In one non-limiting embodiment the microemulsion includes a polar hydrocarbon component, a nonpolar hydrocarbon oil, a small amount of water, a surfactant and optionally a co-surfactant.

Abstract: The disclosed invention relates to a process for making an emulsion. The process comprises: flowing a first liquid through a process microchannel, the process microchannel having a wall with an apertured section; flowing a second liquid through the apertured section into the process microchannel in contact with the first liquid, the first liquid forming a continuous phase, the second liquid forming a discontinuous phase dispersed in the continuous phase.

Abstract: Emulsified systems of a surfactant-stabilized, biodegradable water-in-solvent emulsion with bimetallic particles contained with the emulsion droplets are useful at removing PCBs from ex situ structures. The hydrophobic emulsion system draws PCBs through the solvent/surfactant membrane. Once inside the membrane, the PCBs diffuse into the bimetallic particles and undergo degradation. The PCBs continue to enter, diffuse, degrade, and biphenyl will exit the particle maintaining a concentration gradient across the membrane and maintaining a driving force of the reaction.

Abstract: A papermaking method and a composition which utilize, as a drainage aid, a water-soluble anionic copolymer prepared via a water-in-oil polymerization technique that, absent a cross-linking agent, is characterized by a Huggins' constant (k?) determined in 0.01M NaCl greater than 0.75 and a storage modulus (G?) for a 1.5 wt. % actives polymer solution at 4.6 Hz greater than 175 Pa.

Abstract: An emulsion having one oily outer phase, and two aqueous inner phases, one of which is a gel. The emulsion may be used for cosmetic, pharmaceutical, veterinary and detergent purposes.

Abstract: A topical composition containing one oily outer phase and two aqueous inner phases, one of which is a gel and a process for its preparation. In a preferred embodiment, the topical composition is a sunscreen emulsion containing one or more sunscreen filter substances.

Abstract: The invention is related to emulsions containing surface-modified inorganic nanoparticles.

Abstract: In one aspect, the invention provides a stable dispersion comprising a continuous phase comprising a continuous liquid phase and a plurality of organic nanoparticles; and a dispersed phase comprising particles dispersed in the continuous phase.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for making amorphous spherical particles of zirconium titanate and crystalline spherical particles of zirconium titanate comprising the steps of mixing an aqueous solution of zirconium salt and an aqueous solution of titanium salt into a mixed solution having equal moles of zirconium and titanium and having a total salt concentration in the range from 0.01 M to about 0.5 M. A stearic dispersant and an organic solvent is added to the mixed salt solution, subjecting the zirconium salt and the titanium salt in the mixed solution to a coprecipitation reaction forming a solution containing amorphous spherical particles of zirconium titanate wherein the volume ratio of the organic solvent to aqueous part is in the range from 1 to 5. The solution of amorphous spherical particles is incubated in an oven at a temperature ?100° C. for a period of time ?24 hours converting the amorphous particles to fine or ultrafine crystalline spherical particles of zirconium titanate.