Abstract: The present invention relates to a treatment agent for treating particles, the treatment agent comprising a condensation product of a liquid composition comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of a polysiloxane compound having a hydrolyzable functional group or a condensable functional group and a hydrolyzate of the polysiloxane compound having a hydrolyzable functional group.

Abstract: The invention discloses a preparation method of high-absorptivity silica as lutein carrier. The method includes adding sodium silicate into a synthesis kettle, introducing steam for heating while stirring, adding water, stirring for reaction to obtain a reaction substrate A, and adding sulfuric acid to the reaction substrate A to obtain reaction solution B; simultaneously adding sulfuric acid and sodium silicate into the reaction solution B, performing synthesis reaction for a given period of time, stopping feeding of sodium silicate, adding sulfuric acid only for post-acidification, and aging to obtain dilute slurry D; and filtering the dilute slurry D, washing, slurrying, drying and packaging to obtain silica microspheres as lutein carrier. The invention accurately controls each process so that the prepared high-absorptivity silica as lutein carrier has high adsorption and good dispersibility and flowability after adsorbing lutein.

Abstract: Compositions herein may include an oleaginous continuous phase, an aqueous discontinuous phase, a first clay comprising an organophilic smectite clay, and a second clay comprising a magnesium silicate clay. Methods herein may include circulating such fluids downhole as well as admixing a magnesium silicate dispersed clay and an organophilic smectite clay in an oleaginous base fluid.

Abstract: The organophilic clay comprises a smectite-type clay ion exchanged with quaternary ammonium ions, where at least 75 mol-% of said quaternary ammonium ions are bis-(2-hydroxypropyl)-dimethylammonium fatty acid esters and at least 90% of the fatty acid moieties of the bis-(2-hydroxypropyl)-dimethylammonium fatty acid esters have a structure RC(O) with group R being a linear alkyl or alkenyl group containing from 9 to 21 carbon atoms. The organophilic clay is useful for thickening oil based compositions, in particular drilling fluids for drilling oil or gas wells, comprising an oil phase.

Abstract: Disclosed are a silica sol composition including silica, an anionic dispersant, two or more epoxy silane coupling agents, and an organic solvent, and a method for preparing the same. In the silica sol composition, a uniform surface modification of silica particles may be achieved by using an anionic dispersant and two or more epoxy silane coupling agents, and it is possible to effectively enhance the compatibility between a silica filler whose surface is modified with an epoxy group and a resin which is an underfill composition.

Abstract: A material or biomaterial comprising silicic acid condensates having a low degree of cross-linking, and methods for its production are subject-matter of the invention. A method for the production of silicic acid structures having a low degree of cross-linking is disclosed, wherein a sol is produced, wherein further condensation is prevented when specific cross-linking of the silicic acid is reached, wherein, preferably, structures having a size of 0.5-1000 nm are produced, e.g. polyhedral structures or aggregates of the same. Further condensation can be prevented by means of mixing with a polymer. In one embodiment, this comprises nano-structured, silicon dioxide (SiO2) having a low degree of cross-linking that is embedded in a polymer matrix. The material can be used in medicine for therapeutic purposes, and can enter into direct contact with biological tissue of the body in this connection.

Abstract: The present invention relates to low-molar mass condensed derivatives of silicic acid of sub-nano particle size characterized by particular structure and specific biological activities. Preparation methods and applications are presented for the here disclosed sub-nano silicic acid (SNSA) which interact with bio-molecules and modify significantly their structure and biological function. Preferred field of application of the inventive silicic acid derivatives is to modulate the structure and biological function of proteins particularly of those involved in reversible phosphorylation within biological signal transduction or membrane transport processes. Structure of the substances, methods for the preparation and stabilization, as well as pharmaceutical compositions comprising the substances and methods of application in the prevention, diagnosis and therapy of diseases are disclosed.

Abstract: Surface-modified silicon dioxide particles or silica sol preparable by reacting aqueous silica sol with at least one first modifier comprising at least one alkoxysilane and with at least one second modifier selected from the group consisting of halosilane, siloxane, and mixtures thereof, with water being removed before the reaction with the first or second modifier.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composition for producing abrasion-resistant and alkali-resistant layers or molded bodies having a low-energy surface, said composition comprising a) a hardenable binder system containing at least one organic polymer or oligomer comprising at least one functional group, or a precursor thereof, b) at least one fluorine-containing polymer or oligomer containing at least one functional group that can react with a functional group of the binder system, and c) inorganic particles, and to the products thus obtained. The coatings and molded bodies obtained are especially suitable for surfaces to be kept clean.

Abstract: Process for producing silica-comprising dispersions comprising a polyetherol or a polyether amine, which comprises the steps of (i) admixing an aqueous silica sol (K) having an average particle diameter of from 1 to 150 nm and a silica content, calculated as SiO2, of from 1 to 60% by weight and a pH of from 1 to 6 with at least one polyetherol (b1) and/or polyether amine (b2) based on ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide and having an average OH or amine functionality of from 2 to 6 and a number average molecular weight of from 62 to 6000 g/mol, (ii) distilling off at least part of the water, (iii) admixing the dispersion with at least one compound (S) having at least one at least monoalkoxylated silyl group and at least one alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl substituent, where this substituent may have groups which are reactive toward an alcohol, an amine or an isocyanate in an amount of from 0.

Abstract: A skin cosmetic in which the emulsion stability can be ensured by adding a volatile hydrocarbon oil to a water-in-oil-type emulsion composition containing a non-volatile silicone oil, and which has an excellent non-oily sensation upon application. Specifically disclosed is a water-in-oil-type emulsion skin cosmetic which is characterized by comprising (A) 3 to 25% mass of a volatile hydrocarbon oil, (B) 0.1 to 15% by mass of a non-volatile silicone oil, (C) 0.1 to 1% by mass of a polyethylene glycol mono- or di-isostearate having 4 to 12 oxyethylene groups, (D) 0.1 to 5% by mass of a polyoxyethylene-polydimethylsiloxyethyl-dimethicone copolymer, and (E) an organically-modified clay mineral.

Abstract: A hydrophobic organic solvent-dispersed sol of anhydrous zinc antimonate colloidal particles and a method for producing the same. The hydrophobic organic solvent-dispersed sol includes surface-modified anhydrous zinc antimonate colloidal particles dispersed in a hydrophobic organic solvent having a water solubility of 0.002 to 12% by mass. The surface-modified anhydrous zinc antimonate colloidal particles are formed by: coating outer surfaces of anhydrous zinc antimonate colloidal particles (A) serving as cores with at least one substance (B) of colloidal particles of a composite oxide containing silica and stannic oxide or silica and antimony pentoxide at a silica/stannic oxide or silica/antimony pentoxide ratio of 0.1 to 10, an oligomer of the colloidal particles, or a mixture of the colloidal particles and the oligomer to form modified anhydrous zinc antimonate colloidal particles (C); and bonding an organosilicon compound and an amine compound to surfaces of the colloidal particles (C).

Abstract: A hydrophobic precipitated silica having a BET of less than 110 m2/g, a CTAB of less than 150 m2/g, a BET/CTAB ratio of less than 3, a carbon content of greater than 3.1%, a pH of 9.7 to 10.5, a DBP of less than 230 g/(100 g), and a methanol wettability of more than 50%. The hydrophobic precipitated silica is used in compositions including defoamers, silicone rubber and HTV crosslinkable silicone rubber compositions. The hydrophobic precipitated silica is also useful as a flow assistant and carrier or anti-blocking agent.

Abstract: Anti-reflective coatings and coating solutions, optically transparent elements and improved processes for preparing AR coatings and coating solutions are described. The anti-reflective coatings are formed from at least two different alkoxy silane materials in a base catalyzed reaction.

Abstract: An yttria-based slurry composition comprising yttria, an aqueous silica binder system or an aqueous ammonium zirconium carbonate binder system and a fluorine compound, which is selected from ammonium fluoride, ammonium hydrogen difluoride, sodium fluoride, potassium fluoride, sodium hydrogen difluoride and/or potassium hydrogen difluoride and a method of stabilizing an yttria-based slurry composition comprising yttria and an aqueous silica binder system or an aqueous ammonium zirconium carbonate binder system which method comprises treating the composition, preferably treating the binder system, with a fluorine compound which is selected as indicated above.

Abstract: Aqueous dispersion which comprises hydrophobized silicon dioxide particles and in each case one or more dispersing additives, a basic composition, and which is free of color pigments, inactive fillers and binders, in which the hydrophobized silicon dioxide particles have a methanol wettability of 30 to 60 and are present in the dispersion with a proportion of 0.

Abstract: The present invention provides an organic/inorganic compositive dispersant and a method for producing the same. The compositive dispersant comprises a complex of inorganic clay and an organic surfactant. The compositive dispersant is produced by reacting inorganic clay with the organic surfactant in a solvent to generate a complex. The inorganic clay is layered or platelet. The organic surfactant is an anionic surfactant such as alkyl sulfates, a nonionic surfactant such as octylphenol polyethoxylate and polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, or a cationic surfactant such as fatty (C12˜C32) quaternary ammonium salts and fatty (C12˜C32) quaternary ammonium chlorides.

Abstract: An aluminum oxide dispersion comprising from 30 to 99.9% (w/w) of a solvent; and from 0.1 to 70% (w/w) of aluminum oxide nanofibers suspended in the solvent, wherein the nanofibers comprise from 0 to 99.99% (w/w) of ?-AlO(OH) and from 0.01 to 100% (w/w) of ?-Al2O3; and a method of preparing the aluminum oxide dispersion.

Abstract: A thixotropic gel suitable for use in subsurface bioremediation is provided along with a process of using the gel. The thixotropic gel provides a non-migrating injectable substrate that can provide below ground barrier properties. In addition, the gel components provide for a favorable environment in which certain contaminants are preferentially sequestered in the gel and subsequently remediated by either indigenous or introduced microorganisms.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of porous inorganic materials or a matrix material containing nanoparticles with high uniformity of thickness and/or high effective surface area and to the materials obtainable by this process. By the above-mentioned process materials with a defined thickness in the region of ±10%, preferably ±5% of the average thickness are available.

Abstract: This invention provides a high-purity, high-concentrated silica sol with long-term stability and low viscosity by preventing viscosity-increase after production, and method for producing the same. In one embodiment, the silica sol produced by an alkoxide method comprises at least a dispersing agent and silica, wherein the concentration of said dispersing agent is 10-3000 ppm with respect to the silica, wherein said dispersing agent may be an inorganic acid, inorganic acid salt, organic acid or organic acid salt whose degradation temperature and boiling point are both 60° C. or higher, wherein said silica sol has a silica concentration of 20% weight or higher.

Abstract: A method of preparing an organic sol of particles is provided. Steps include: a) providing a suspension of particles in an aqueous medium; b) adding an organic liquid to form an admixture where the concentration of particles in the admixture is less than or equal to 40 percent by weight; c) maintaining the admixture at a temperature and pressure and for a time sufficient to reduce the water content to less than 30 percent by weight while simultaneously adding a water-compatible organic liquid at a rate sufficient to maintain a concentration of particles in the admixture at less than or equal to 50 percent by weight; and d) adding at least one polymer while maintaining the admixture at a temperature and pressure and for a time sufficient to provide an organic sol of particles comprising 1 percent by weight or less of water.

Abstract: A method for producing a functional colloid during which particles are reactively fragmented in a mechanical manner in a dispersant in the presence of a modifying agent so that the modifying agent is chemically bound, at least in part, to the fragmented colloid particles.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to methods of preparing stable colloidal dispersions of nanoparticulate size fumed silica particles. More particularly, the invention relates to a method of rapidly wetting and dispersing fumed silica powder for obtaining a coatable dispersion, particularly in the manufacture of inkjet media.

Abstract: Methods of treating a wellbore comprise displacing a drilling fluid comprising an organophilic clay treated with a quaternary ammonium surfactant having an amide linkage into the wellbore. Methods of drilling a wellbore comprise: applying torque to a bit within the wellbore and concurrently applying force to urge the bit to extend through the wellbore; and circulating a drilling fluid past the bit to remove cuttings therefrom, the drilling fluid comprising an organophilic clay treated with a quaternary ammonium surfactant having an amide linkage. Methods of preparing a drilling fluid comprise: forming an organophilic clay treated with a quaternary ammonium surfactant having an amide linkage; and combining the organophilic clay with an oil-based fluid.

Abstract: Nanoparticle dispersions, inks, pastes, lotions and methods of their manufacture are disclosed. Multifunctional, nanocomposite, hollow nanoparticles, and coated nanoparticle dispersions are also discussed.

Abstract: The invention provides dispersoids having metal-oxygen groups which are suitable for the production of metal oxide thin-films at a low temperature of 200° C. or below and for the production of homogeneous organic-inorganic hybrid materials. The invention also provides metal oxide thin-films and organic-inorganic hybrid materials endowed with various capabilities, particularly organic-inorganic hybrid materials having a high refractive index and high transparency. Use is made of a dispersoid having metal-oxygen bonds which is obtained by mixing a metal compound having at least three hydrolyzable groups with at least 0.5 mole but less than 2 moles of water per mole of the metal compound in an organic solvent, in the absence of an acid, a base and/or a dispersion stabilizer, and at a temperature at or below the temperature at which the metal compound begins to hydrolyze, then raising the temperature to at least the temperature at which hydrolysis begins.

Abstract: Methods of treating a wellbore comprise displacing a drilling fluid comprising an organophilic clay treated with a quaternary ammonium surfactant having an amide linkage into the wellbore. Methods of drilling a wellbore comprise: applying torque to a bit within the wellbore and concurrently applying force to urge the bit to extend through the wellbore; and circulating a drilling fluid past the bit to remove cuttings therefrom, the drilling fluid comprising an organophilic clay treated with a quaternary ammonium surfactant having an amide linkage. Methods of preparing a drilling fluid comprise: forming an organophilic clay treated with a quaternary ammonium surfactant having an amide linkage; and combining the organophilic clay with an oil-based fluid.

Abstract: Single domain wafer-scale colloidal crystals and macroporous polymers are formed by dispersing concentrated solutions of colloids, desirably mondisperse silica colloids, in a viscous monomer, desirably ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate, and spin-coating them onto a substrate. Subsequent photopolymerization produces three-dimensionally ordered colloidal crystals trapped inside a polymer matrix. Selective removal of the polymer matrix, such as by oxygen plasma treatment, or removal of the silica spheres, such as by wet etching, produces large-area colloidal crystals and macroporous polymers, respectively.

Abstract: A process for producing an inorganic oxide organosol that has good dispersibility and low viscosity, has excellent transparency, and shows good compatibility with resin solutions, and includes the steps (A) and (B) of: (A) adding silicon alkoxide having two or more alkoxy groups bonded to a silicon atom or having one or more hydroxy groups bonded to a silicon atom and one or more alkoxy groups bonded to a silicon atom to a hydrophilic inorganic oxide sol containing a hydrophilic solvent having a boiling point (1 atm) of 100° C. or less in an amount of 25 to 100% by weight in a dispersion medium to treat surface of the inorganic oxide particles in the sol; and (B) replacing the dispersion medium of the surface treated inorganic oxide sol obtained in step (A) with a non-alcoholic organic solvent in the presence of a primary alcohol having 3 to 12 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Drilling fluids are provided that comprise an organophilic clay treated with a quaternary ammonium surfactant having an amide linkage. The quaternary ammonium surfactant may comprise a compound generally represented by the following formula: where M? is an anion such as a chloride, methyl sulfate, bromide, acetate, or iodide ion; R1 is an alkyl group such as a saturated hydrocarbon with 10 or more carbons; R2, R3, and R4 are the same or different alkyl groups such as a methyl, ethyl, or benzyl group, and x is greater than or equal to 1. The organophilic clay treated in this manner is substantially biodegradable. In embodiments, the drilling fluids comprise the foregoing organophilic clay, an oil-based fluid and a weighting agent. In still more embodiments, the drilling fluids comprise the foregoing organophilic clay, an invert emulsion, an emulsifier, and a weighting agent.

Abstract: Stable dispersions of nanoparticles and microparticles in liquids and method for their preparation are disclosed. The dispersions can comprise about 0.1 wt % to about 25 wt % of at least one disodium salt monohydrate of 4-5-dihydroxy-1,3 benzenedisulfonic acid; about 1 wt % to about 90 wt % of particles; and about 10 wt % to about 90 wt % of at least one liquid. The particles can comprise nanoparticulate metals, metal oxides, silica and coated particles. The liquid can comprise at least one polar liquid.

Abstract: Methods for manufacturing nanomaterial dispersions, such as nanomaterial concentrates, and related nanotechnology are provided. The nanomaterial concentrates provided can be more cheaply stored and transported compared to non-concentrate nanomaterial forms.

Abstract: (Problem) This invention provides a high-purity, high-concentrated silica sol with long-term stability and low viscosity by preventing viscosity-increase after production, and method for producing the same. This invention provides the high-purity and high-concentrated silica sol that does not undergo a viscosity-increase or gelation in spite of any particle size differences of silica. This is obtained by adding a dispersing agent at a specific concentration to the reaction solution or solvent substitution-concentrated solution in the production process. (Means to Solve Problems) A silica sol produced by an alkoxide method, wherein said silica sol comprises at least a dispersing agent and silica, wherein said dispersing agent concentration is 10-3000 ppm with respect to the silica, wherein said dispersing agent consists of one or more compounds selected from inorganic acid, inorganic acid salt, organic acid and organic acid salt whose degradation temperature and boiling point are both 60° C.

Abstract: Drilling fluids are provided that comprise an organophilic clay treated with a quaternary ammonium surfactant having an amide linkage. The quaternary ammonium surfactant may comprise a compound generally represented by the following formula: where M? is an anion such as a chloride, methyl sulfate, bromide, acetate, or iodide ion; R1 is an alkyl group such as a saturated hydrocarbon with 10 or more carbons; R2, R3, and R4 are the same or different alkyl groups such as a methyl, ethyl, or benzyl group, and x is greater than or equal to 1. The organophilic clay treated in this manner is substantially biodegradable. In embodiments, the drilling fluids comprise the foregoing organophilic clay, an oil-based fluid and a weighting agent. In still embodiments, the drilling fluids comprise the foregoing organophilic clay, an invert emulsion, an emulsifier, and a weighting agent.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to novel sol-gel methods in which metal oxide precursor and an alcohol-based solution are mixed to form a reaction mixture that is then allowed to react to produce nanosized metal oxide particles. The methods of the present invention are more suitable for preparing nanosized metal oxide than are previously-described sol-gel methods. The present invention can provide for nanosized metal oxide particles more efficiently than the previously-described sol-gel methods by permitting higher concentrations of metal oxide precursor to be employed in the reaction mixture. The foregoing is provided by careful control of the pH conditions during synthesis and by ensuring that the pH is maintained at a value of about 7 or higher.

Abstract: Colloidal silica having a controllable broad particle size distribution and a controllable minimum particle size is disclosed and claimed. Particles below a predetermined size are excluded from the product colloidal silica of the invention. A method for continuously producing the desired colloidal composition is disclosed comprising the steps of providing preformed silica particles having a surface area which controls the particle size of the colloidal silica product, adding a feed silica comprising an alkaline solution and silicate at a feed rate which is less than a nucleation rate.

Abstract: A method for producing a functionalized silica,compositions and methods for forming curable silicone rubber compositions by using the functionalized silica are also disclosed. Compositions and methods for forming cured silicone resin compositions and products having high transparency, high tensile strength, desirable percent elongation, or a combination of the foregoing properties are also disclosed.

Abstract: There is provided a method of making a stabilized colloidal silica solution, the method including forming a solution by mixing a colloidal silica, a solvent, and a stabilizing agent, wherein the stabilizing agent is selected from the group consisting of siloxane-based stabilizers, polysorbate-based stabilizers, non-ionic surfactant based stabilizers, and acrylic polymer-based flow-enhancing stabilizers; and agitating the solution. There is also provided methods of using the same in coated articles, and coated articles themselves.

Abstract: To provide a stable water-repellent inorganic powder which is substantially free from re-dissolution of a silicon compound used for surface treatment whether an organic solvent is polar or non-polar. A water-repellent inorganic powder which is surface-treated with a silicon compound, wherein the silicon compound is one having a group reactive with the inorganic powder, and when the inorganic powder is dispersed in any of polar organic solvents and non-polar organic solvents, the retention of the silicon compound is at least 90%.

Abstract: PIBSAs are disclosed as a dispersant for metal oxide nanoparticles in a wide range of liquids. Examples of such liquids comprise at least one member selected from the group consisting of toluene, xylene, mineral spirits, hexanes, and phenoxyisopropanol.

Abstract: A novel dilatant fluid which keeps fluid state within a broad temperature range, is excellent in storage stability, has large mechanical strength and shows large changing quantity of viscosity resistance accompanied by the increase of shear stress. It was found that excellent dilatancy is expressed markedly specifically in a composition comprising (B) from 0.5 to 100 parts by weight of a particle dispersing agent and (C) from 5 to 1,000 parts by weight of a silicone medium, based on (A) 100 parts by weight an inorganic fine particle having a primary particle size of from 2 nm to 30 ?m.

Abstract: An aqueous suspension of cross-linked silicone particles comprising (A) cross-linked silicone particles having an average diameter of 0.1 to 500 ?m, (B) polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, and (C) water. And, in a second embodiment, an aqueous emulsion of cross-linked silicone particles comprising (A) cross-linked silicone particles having an average diameter of 0.1 to 500 ?m, (B) polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, (C) water, and (D) oil.

Abstract: The invention provides a color-developing composition without using a pigment or dye and capable of being colored sustainably and stably after mixing two liquid phases which are colorless before mixing. The composition consists of two discrete liquid phases, wherein the refractive index of each liquid phase is identical to each other at a point within the wavelength range from 400 nm to 800 nm, wherein a continuous layer and a dispersion layer are formed by mixing and dispersing said two phases whereby developing a color. Alternatively, the composition is a powder dispersion consisting of a liquid phase and a silica powder-containing solid phase, wherein said liquid phase has a refractive index n1 and said silica has a refractive index n2, which satisfy Equation (1): |n1?n2|<0.05??(1) whereby developing a color on the basis of the difference in the refractive index at the interface between the liquid phase and the solid phase.

Abstract: There is provided an oil-in-water emulsified composition comprising hydrophobic powder particles, a polyether-modified silicone represented by formula (1), and an ionic water-soluble polymer compound, whereby the succulent feel originating from thickening effect rendered by the ionic water-soluble polymer compound and the effects intrinsic to the hydrophobic powder particles can be demonstrated stably over time in an oil-in-water emulsified composition obtained using an ionic water-soluble polymer compound, to which composition the powder particles are added.

Abstract: An inorganic compound sol comprises a dispersion medium and, dispersed therein, inorganic compound particulates whose surface has been modified by an organic compound exhibiting a molecular polarizability of from 2×10?40 to 850×10?40C2m2J?2. The inorganic compound sol modified by an organic compound possesses a desirable affinity with the dispersion media, providing excellent dispersion stability in solvents while avoiding aggregation of particulates.

Abstract: A high concentration silica slurry can be used for polishing of substrates, such as semiconductor materials. The slurry contains a silica powder dispersed in an solvent. The silica slurry has a silica concentration of more than 50% by weight and a viscosity of less than 1000 mPa·s, wherein the silica powder has a ratio DL/DT of less than 1.3, wherein DL is an average particle size of the silica powder measured by a laser diffraction particle size distribution method and DT is an average primary particle size of the silica powder measured by a TEM photography observation, and wherein the silica powder has an average primary particle size of from 0.08 ?m to 0.8 ?m.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for making amorphous spherical particles of zirconium titanate and crystalline spherical particles of zirconium titanate comprising the steps of mixing an aqueous solution of zirconium salt and an aqueous solution of titanium salt into a mixed solution having equal moles of zirconium and titanium and having a total salt concentration in the range from 0.01 M to about 0.5 M. A stearic dispersant and an organic solvent is added to the mixed salt solution, subjecting the zirconium salt and the titanium salt in the mixed solution to a coprecipitation reaction forming a solution containing amorphous spherical particles of zirconium titanate wherein the volume ratio of the organic solvent to aqueous part is in the range from 1 to 5. The solution of amorphous spherical particles is incubated in an oven at a temperature ?100° C. for a period of time ?24 hours converting the amorphous particles to fine or ultrafine crystalline spherical particles of zirconium titanate.

Abstract: Polymerizable compositions that include: (a) a cationically active functional group; (b) an initiation system capable of initiating cationic polymerization of the cationically active functional group; and (c) a filler composition that includes various radiopacifying fillers in an amount sufficient to render the polymerizable composition radiopaque. Components (a), (b), and (c) are selected such that the polymerizable composition polymerizes to form a polymerized composition having a Barcol hardness, measured using a GYZJ-935 meter, of at least 10 within 30 minutes following initiation of the cationically active functional group at a reaction temperature of 25° C.

Abstract: The invention relates to phosphoric esters of the general formula I where X is 1 or 2; n is from 2 to 18; m and o are each from 2 to 100; k is from 2 to 4; R? is H or a linear or branched alkyl radical; and R? is an alkyl, alkaryl, alkenyl, or sulfopropyl radical, and to there use as dispersants for pigments and fillers in aqueous or organic media.