Abstract: Aspects of the present invention provide methods of drying lecithin in a batch reaction, comprising the steps of obtaining a lecithin-containing material (derived from a crude refining stream) comprising 15-50% water, 10-30% acetone insoluble matter, and 10-20% free fatty acid; adding a fatty acid source (also derived from a crude refining stream) to the lecithin-containing material composition to obtain a lecithin/fatty acid reaction mixture; and blowing dry gas through the gum/fatty acid reaction mixture to obtain a resultant dried lecithin fatty acid blend having a water content of less than 2%. The resultant dried lecithin fatty acid blend may be used in asphalt or oil field applications.

Abstract: The present invention relates to maltooligosaccharides, the content of ?-1,4-glycosidic bonds of which is between 70% and 80% of the total number of 1,4-type glycosidic bonds. The invention also relates to the method for manufacturing these maltooligosaccharides. Said maltooligosaccharides afford all the benefits of fiber-based foods, with an extremely low nutritional value. Such a compromise is particularly advantageous for use in healthy balanced diets, but also in the treatment and/or prevention of the pathology of diabetes. The invention also relates to the use of said maltooligosaccharides in the fields of human food and animal feed.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method for preparing a suspension of carbon nanotubes in an aqueous solution comprising the following successive steps consisting of subjecting an aqueous solution containing carbon nanotubes and a surfactant to at least one cycle of freezing in liquid nitrogen and thawing; and subjecting said thawed solution to an ultrasound treatment. The present invention also concerns a suspension of carbon nanotubes, and in particular a suspension of long carbon nanotubes, that can be prepared by such a method.

Abstract: A sprayable coating composition, and method of application, for coating asphalt paving surfaces. In the coating composition, a low bulk density aggregate material of sprayable particle size is suspended in a sprayable asphalt emulsion in an amount sufficient to increase the micro-texture surface roughness of the cured coating.

Abstract: A bituminous composition comprising a bitumen emulsion in an amount from about 2% to about 10% by total weight of the bituminous composition, and aggregate in an amount from about 90% to about 99% by total weight of the bituminous composition, wherein the bituminous composition is at a temperature range of about 50° C. to about 140° C. The bitumen emulsion comprises hard bitumen in an amount from about 50% to about 75% by total weight of the bitumen emulsion, the hard bitumen being characterized by a penetration number of about 100 dmm or less at 25° C. as determined according to the AASHTO Method T49, and an emulsifier in an amount from about 0.05% to about 2% by total weight of the bitumen emulsion, the emulsifier having a Hildebrand solubility parameter of at least of about 19 (MPa)½. Also disclosed are the methods of producing and using such bituminous compositions.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a wax formulation for use in lignocellulosic products, which impart improved properties such as dimensional stability when the products are exposed to moisture. The wax formulations include a wax and a surface tension/interfacial tension reducing agent comprising one or more of a fluorinated compound having two to six carbon atoms, an alkylphenol alkoxylate or an ethoxylated acetylenic diol.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of a (1?3)-?-D-glucan as an emulsion stabilizer. The present invention further relates to emulsions comprising a (1?3)-?-D-glucan in an amount of 0.01 to 10 wt. %, based on the total weight of the emulsion. The present invention also relates to bitumen binder compositions comprising a (1?3)-?-D-glucan in an amount of 0.005 to less than 0.1 wt. %, based on the total weight of the bitumen binder composition. The present invention further relates to emulsions comprising a novel biodegradable emulsifying agent, in particular in combination with a (1?3)-?-D-glucan.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for dewatering a mineral slurry concentrate and increasing the production of the resulting filter cake consisting essentially of mixing an aqueous mineral slurry concentrate with an effective amount of a nonionic surfactant and an effective amount of a cationic polymer to form a nonionic surfactant and cationic polymer treated aqueous mineral slurry concentrate, and subjecting the treated aqueous mineral slurry concentrate to a liquid water removal process for dewatering the treated aqueous mineral slurry and for increasing the production of a resulting filter cake of the dewatered mineral slurry. An improved mineral slurry concentrate composition and an improved mineral concentrate filter cake is also disclosed.

Abstract: A bituminous composition including, based on total weight of the bituminous composition, (a) hard bitumen in an amount of 0.5% to 7.5% by weight, the hard bitumen being characterized by a penetration number of 100 dmm or less at 25° C. as determined according to the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Method T49; (b) emulsifier in an amount of 0.0005% to 0.2% by weight, wherein the emulsifier has a Hildebrand solubility parameter of at least 19 (MPa)1/2; (c) water; and (d) aggregate in an amount of 90% to 99% by weight, the aggregate having an aggregate surface that is wetted with the hard bitumen, wherein the bituminous composition is at a temperature ranging from 50° C. to 140° C.

Abstract: Dispersible single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are prepared by dissolving surfactants in water to form a solution; adding carbon nanotubes to the solution to form a mixture; sonicating and agitating the mixture to form a carbon-nanotube/water dispersion; centrifuging the dispersion to remove un-dispersed carbon nanotubes and impurities; repeatedly freezing and heating the CNT dispersion; and, sublimating water in the CNT dispersion by freezing and evacuating the dispersion to obtain carbon nanotubes coated with surfactant. The carbon nanotubes prepared by the method of the invention are dry, amphiphilic, and surfactant-coated powders that can be dispersed in both aqueous and organic solvents to form stable and uniform dispersions having a high concentration of carbon nanotubes.

Abstract: This invention relates to bituminous compositions and methods of producing the same. More particularly, the invention relates to the production of bituminous compositions formulated with performance-graded bitumen-containing solvent-free bitumen emulsions which exhibit controllable, temperature-dependent interfacial rheology. When employed in paving applications, these bituminous compositions develop adhesive strength and load-bearing strength properties at rates comparable to traditional hot mix paving compositions and at rates faster than traditional cold mix paving compositions.

Abstract: The invention relates to an aqueous bitumen emulsion, comprising bitumen and a surfactant agent, made from esters or amides of glycine betaine, produced by reaction of glycine betaine with a sulphonic acid and an alcohol or amine with a fatty chain derived from vegetable oils. Said bitumen emulsion may be used in the production of road surfaces.

Abstract: According to the invention, a slow setting bitumen-aggregate mix for cold paving is manufactured by a) preparing a cationic oil-in-water emulsion of bitumen in the presence of an emulsifier containing i) a tertiary polyamine selected from the group consisting of a di(C2-C3 alkylene)triamine, a tri(C2-C3 alkylene)tetraamine, a tetra(C2-C3 alkylene)pentaamine, a penta(C2-C3 alkylene)hexaamine, a hexa(C2 C3 alkylene)heptaamine or a mixture thereof, which amine compounds have only tertiary amine groups and contain one or two aliphatic groups with 8-22 carbon atoms, bound to a nitrogen atom, while the remaining nitrogen substituents are methyl groups and ii) an acid present in such an amount that the aqueous emulsion obtains a pH value from 1-6, preferably 1.5-5, and b) mixing the aqueous emulsion obtained with a solid aggregate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for splitting bitumen into two fractions and rendering a heavier bottom fraction as a useable emulsion fuel. The process is particularly effective in creating an alternate fuel to natural gas in a steam-based bitumen recovery process wherein bitumen is recovered from an underground reservoir.

Abstract: Waxes prepared from hydrogenated plant oils, such as castor, palm, and soybean, are used to prepare water based emulsions. The inventive waxes, obtained from naturally derived, renewable resources, were emulsified under anionic, cationic and nonionic conditions, producing emulsions having a solids content up to about 45% solids. When used to coat fibrous cellulosic articles, such as paperboard, the emulsions' performance was similar to emulsions containing petroleum-derived waxes. The inventive waxes have a low iodine value (between 2-5), and melting points between approximately 120-200 degrees F. (Mettler Drop Point). These waxes comprise a triglyceride whose fatty acids are predominantly stearic acid or ricinoleic acid.

Abstract: Compositions of the invention include: (a) a solvent at least partially immiscible in water; and (b) a solubilizing agent having a formula: 1

Abstract: A water-based protective composition for automotive surfaces and the like is disclosed, comprising UV absorbers and light stabilizers. A method of using a water-based protective composition as well as methods of applying said compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: A composition for application to a surface and a method of making the same, said composition comprising at least one wax; at least one reaction product derived from a first surfactant and a second surfactant; and between 40% and 99.8% water by weight. The composition is made by: a) forming an emulsion by combining the water and the wax after heating both the water and the wax to a temperature greater than the melting point of the wax, where at least one of said water and said wax contains said first surfactant, said first surfactant being selected from the group consisting of a cationic surfactant and an anionic surfactant; and b) adding said second surfactant to the emulsion, said second surfactant having a charge which is opposite to that of said first surfactant.

Abstract: A process provides a stable emulsion, in particularly a stable, concentrated bitumen emulsion, by emulsifying a first hydrophobic or hydrophilic phase having a viscosity between 1 and 5000 Pa.s with a second phase immiscible in the first phase, in the presence of at least one surfactant, by mixing together the first phase, second phase, and surfactant under a laminar shear regime.

Abstract: A method of emulsifying asphalt using a polyamine polybetaine, preferably a dibetaine, as an emulsifier or co-emulsifier and an emulsion of asphalt, water and a polybetaine, preferably a diamine dibetaine. The advantages of using a polyamine polybetaine as an emulsifier or co-emulsifier include its ability to provide superior cationic and anionic emulsions, and slow-setting emulsions at low use levels, and the excellent adhesion of the cured asphalt film.

Abstract: A method of emulsifying asphalt using a polyamine polyoxide, preferably a diamine dioxide, as an emulsifier or co-emulsifier and an emulsion of asphalt, water and a polyamine polyoxide, preferably a diamine dioxide. The advantages of using a polyamine polyoxide as an emulsifier or co-emulsifier include its ability to provide superior cationic and anionic emulsions, and slow-setting emulsions at low use levels, and the excellent adhesion of the cured asphalt film.

Abstract: A low softening point pitch is disclosed. A high melting point (100° C.+) pitch is blended with an aromatic rich liquid hydrocarbon stream to form a pourable pitch mixture having a softening point of 30-50° C. which can be used as a partial or complete replacement for coal tar pitch used in driveway sealer and other sealer and coating applications. Driveway sealer (an emulsion of clay, water and binder) made with this pitch has enhanced durability. The low softening point pitch, even when blended with coal tar pitch, is phase stable on storage.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an aqueous tar suspoemulsion includes the steps of mixing a mixture including (a) a viscous tar composition formed from a tar, from inorganic solids and, optionally, from water; (b) water (W); (c) a surface-active agent (SA) exhibiting a hydrophilicity/lipophilicity balance (HLB) of at least 10; and, optionally, (d) a thickening water-soluble polymer (TWP) with a molecular mass of greater than 10,000. The relative amounts of constituents (W), (SA) and, optionally, (TWP) are such that the viscosity of the (W)+(SA)+optional (TWP) mixture is preferably equal to or greater than the viscosity of the tar. An optional embodiment of the process provides for dilution of the mixture obtained with water or with an aqueous acidic solution.

Abstract: A composition of a hydrocarbon in water colloidal dispersion including hydrocarbon particles having a mean softening point exceeding 95° C., a water soluble dispersion agent and water, process and apparatus for the production thereof are disclosed. These dispersions have a median particle size below about 4.5 microns and 90% of the hydrocarbon particles have a size less than about 60 microns. These dispersions are storage stable, stable towards transportation, and can be pumped without destabilizing.

Abstract: This invention relates to the production of mineral acid salts of amines which can be easily handled and pumped in plant and laboratory environments. More particularly, this invention relates to the production of water-free fluid ionic mineral acid salt compositions of fatty acid amine derivatives which are suitable for use as anti-stripping agents in hot asphalt applications.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for preparation of chemically-stabilized emulsions of tall oil in water. Temperature and pH are controlled during preparation of the emulsions so as to prevent saponification and neutralization of acids in the tall oil component. The final emulsions have pHs in the range of from about 3.0 to 5.0 and remain phase stable for extended periods of time. Methods are disclosed for using the emulsions for soil treatment to improve soil stabilization and load bearing capacity for roadbed use, for treatment of reclaimed asphalt pavement for reuse as a stabilized base course for roadway construction and for remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil.

Abstract: A fuel composition comprising a hydrocarbon in water colloidal dispersion including spherical hydrocarbon particles having a mean softening point exceeding about 95.degree. C., and a water soluble dispersion agent comprising a surfactant and stabilizer. The process for the production thereof is disclosed. These dispersions have a median particle size below about 4.5 microns and about 90% of the particles have a mean particle size diameter less than about 60 microns. These dispersions are storage stable, stable towards transportation, and can be pumped and passed through a burner apparatus without destabilizing.

Abstract: Bitumen emulsion including bituminous phase having one of pure bitumen, fluxed bitumen, and modified bitumen. The bitumen emulsion also includes an aqueous phase including water and an emulsifying agent. The bitumen emulsion further includes a breaking agent encapsulated in capsules allowing control of breaking of the bitumen emulsion, the control involving rupture of the capsules from a mechanical effect by a mechanical action produced on the bitumen emulsion. Processes of producing a bitumen emulsion. Processes of controlling breaking of a bituminous emulsion.

Abstract: Methods and additive compounds for retarding the dispersion in water of bitumen-in-water emulsions, and in particular ORIMULSION, are disclosed. Methods include applied mixing at high speed and changing the pH of the emulsion. Additives include salts and flocculants.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for preparation of chemically-stabilized emulsions of tall oil in water. Temperature and pH are controlled during preparation of the emulsions so as to prevent saponification and neutralization of acids in the tall oil component. The final emulsions have pHs in the range of from about 3.0 to 5.0 and remain phase stable for extended periods of time. Methods are disclosed for using the emulsions for soil treatment to improve soil stabilization and load bearing capacity for roadbed use, for treatment of reclaimed asphalt pavement for reuse as a stabilized base course for roadway construction and for remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil.

Abstract: This invention relates to a liquid composition for the control of pitch deposition in pulp and paper making comprising an aqueous solution of (1) a derivatized cationic guar, and (2) styrene maleic anhydride copolymer. The invention also relates to a process for inhibiting pitch deposition in pulp and papermaking systems and on papermaking equipment.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid amine composition for an emulsifier for bitumen which can impart, to a bituminous emulsion, more excellent emulsifying stability and adhesive properties to aggregates than conventional products. The liquid amine composition for the emulsifier for bitumen of the present invention comprises (1) 5 to 70% by weight a monoamine having an aliphatic hydrocarbyl group of 8 to 22 carbon atoms, (2) 20 to 80% by weight of a polyamine having an aliphatic hydrocarbyl group of 8 to 22 carbon atoms, and (3) 10 to 75% by weight of an organic acid of 4 to 18 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A liquid amine compound which can be applied to various uses such as emulsification for bitumens since it has as high surface activity as those of solid amines and is more excellent in workability as compared with the solid amines, and an emulsifier for bitumens produced by using the amine compound. Furthermore, a process for producing an emulsifier a bituminous emulsion by reacting an aliphatic amine having at least one hydrocarbon group having not less than 8 carbon atoms with a carbonyl compound and adding an acid thereto to adjust the pH of the amine compound so as to be not more than 5, and a process for producing a bituminous emulsion composition by using the amine compound.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for preparation of chemically-stabilized emulsions of tall oil in water. Temperature and pH are controlled during preparation of the emulsions so as to prevent saponification and neutralization of acids in the tall oil component. The final emulsions have pHs in the range of from about 3.0 to 5.0 and remain phase stable for extended periods of time. Methods are disclosed for using the emulsions for soil treatment to improve soil stabilization and load bearing capacity for roadbed use, for treatment of reclaimed asphalt pavement for reuse as a stabilized base course for roadway construction and for remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil.