Abstract: Reversible switchable surfactants are provided. A surfactant is the salt of an amidine or guanidine: having at least one R group that is a hydrophobic moiety selected from the group consisting of higher aliphatic moiety, higher siloxyl moiety, higher aliphatic/siloxyl moiety, aliphatic/aryl moiety, siloxyl/aryl moiety, and aliphatic/siloxyl/aryl moiety. The other R groups are smaller moieties such as H, C1 to C4 aliphatic or the like. The surfactant is turned on by a gas that liberates hydrogen ions, such as, for example, carbon dioxide, which liberates hydrogen ions in the presence of water. The surfactant is turned off by exposure to a flushing gas and/or heating. When “on” the surfactants are useful to stabilize emulsions, and when “off” they are useful to separate immiscible liquids or a liquid and a solid. The surfactants find uses in polymerization and in the oil industry.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of alkyl amido quaternary ammonium salts, and formulations thereof, as thickening agents in aqueous based fluids, especially those used in oil field applications. The quaternary ammonium salts of the present invention exhibit improved gelling characteristics.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a system for the emulsification of a pre-mix of two or more immiscible liquids by flowing or circulating one or more times said pre-mix through one or more magnetic fields.

Abstract: A novel emulsion comprising a material which is stabilised by a polymer resin precursor having interface active molecules incorporated therein by reaction from poorly or non-surface active materials is disclosed. The process for producing such emulsions is likewise disclosed.

Abstract: A compound of formula: wherein each R group independently is C6-C10 arylene group, a straight or branched chain C2-C°alkylene group optionally containing an arylene group, or a C4-C20 straight chain alkylene group containing one or more —NH— groups in the alkylene chain, each X is —O—, —S—, or —NR5— where R5 is hydrogen or C1-C6 alkyl, each AO group is independently ethyleneoxy, 1,2-propyleneoxy, or 1,2-butyleneoxy, n, m and p is from 1 to 50 and the sum of n, m and p is from 4 to 50, and the R4 is independently —CH2-CH(OH)—R9, wherein each R9 independently represents a C4-C18 saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group. The compound has surfactant and defoaming properties and is useful in latex paint, an ink, an adhesive, or a metal working compositions.

Abstract: A method for increasing an adhesive to a substrate is disclosed which utilizes a hydrophilic, high molecular weight, nonionic polyurethane adhesive. The polyurethane adhesive is soluble in water and a 1% by weight solution of the adhesive in water at 20% has a specific viscosity of at least 0.4. The nonionic polyurethane contains the following structural units: a) —O—(CH2—CH2O)n where n is 8 to 500; b) —CO—NH—X—NHCO— where X is an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic group; and c) —O—Y—O— wherein Y comprises a hydrophobic moiety from the groups (—CH2—CH(CH3)—O)m—CH2—CH(CH3)—, (—CH2 CH(C2H5)—O)m—CH2—CH(C2H5)—, (—CH2—CH2—CH2—CH2O)m—CH2CH2CH2CH2—, alkylene groups having from 2 to 44 carbon atoms, cycloalkylene groups having from 6 to 44 carbon atoms and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Viscoelastic surfactant based aqueous fluid systems useful as thickening agents in various applications, e.g. to suspend particles produced during the excavation of geologic formations. The surfactants are zwitterionic/amphoteric surfactants such as dihydroxyl alkyl glycinate, alkyl ampho acetate or propionate, alkyl betaine, alkyl amidopropyl betaine and alkylimino mono- or di-propionates derived from certain waxes, fats and oils. The thickening agent is used in conjunction with an inorganic water-soluble salt or organic additive such as phthalic acid, salicylic acid or their salts.

Abstract: A novel emulsion comprising a material which is stabilized by a polymer resin precursor having interface active molecules incorporated therein by reaction from poorly or non-surface active materials is disclosed. The process for producing such emulsions is likewise disclosed.

Abstract: Emulsion blends are provided containing Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbons, non-Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbons, water, and a surfactant.

Abstract: Oil-in-water nanoemulsions comprising oil globules with an average size of less than 150 nm and comprising at least one oil, at least one amphiphilc lipid, and at least one polyethylene glycol (PEG) derivative chosen from PEG esters and PEG ethers chosen from compounds of formula (I):

Abstract: A stable oil-in-water emulsion for use in cosmetic compositions comprising an oil phase which contains the combination of a polysaccharide such as animo-mullticarboxylate starch derivative and a dimethicone copolyol as emulsifier, and a water phase.

Abstract: Non-explosive water in oil emulsion fertilizer compositions comprise a discontinuous aqueous phase comprising at least one fertilizer component, a continuous organic phase, an emulsifying amount of an emulsifier composition comprising: the reaction product of an amine (C) characterized by the presence within its structure of at least one H—N group and an intermediate formed in the reaction of (A) at least one olefinic compound containing at least one group of the formula and (B) at least one carboxylic reactant selected from the group consisting of compounds of the formula R3C(O)(R4)nC(O)OR5   (III) wherein each of R3 and R5 is independently H or a hydrocarbyl group, R4 is a divalent hydrocarbylene group, and n is 0 or 1, and reactive sources thereof and optionally, from about 0.5 to about 2 moles, per mole of (B), of (D) at least one aldehyde or ketone. The fertilizer compositions provide for controlled release of the fertilizer components.

Abstract: A stable monophasic liquid composition characterized by the ability to solubilize increased amounts of surfactant into the composition while retaining a monophasic state, the composition comprising: one or more surfactants selected from the group consisting of cationic surfactants, anionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, nonionic surfactants, and mixtures thereof; a hydrophobic material; and one or more coupling agents selected from the group consisting of straight, branched and cyclic alkanes containing 7 to 12 carbon atoms and substituted with two hydroxyl groups, and alkoxylates thereof containing up to 20 alkoxy units each of which is ethoxy, propoxy, or butoxy, and mixtures thereof, in an amount of the one or more coupling agents effective to increase the amount of the one or more surfactants that can be solubilized in the monophasic composition.

Abstract: Emulsion compositions comprise an aqueous phase, an organic phase, and an emulsifying amount of an emulsifier composition comprising:the reaction product of an amine (C) characterized by the presence within its structure of at least one H--N group and an intermediate formed in the reaction of(A) at least one olefinic compound containing at least one group of the formula ##STR1## and (B) at least one carboxylic reactant selected from the group consisting of compounds of the formulaR.sup.3 C(O)(R.sup.4).sub.n C(O)OR.sup.5 (III)wherein each of R.sup.3 and R.sup.5 is independently H or a hydrocarbyl group, R.sup.4 is a divalent hydrocarbylene group, and n is 0 or 1, and reactive sources thereof and optionally, from about 0.5 to about 2 moles, per mole of (B), of(D) at least one aldehyde or ketone.

Abstract: The invention relates to a metal sulfide dispersion used for electroplating nonconductors such as substrates used for the formation of a printed circuit board. A printed circuit board made using the dispersion could have metallized through-holes comprising electrodeposited copper on the walls of the holes with an adsorbed layer of metal sulfide particles between the circuit board base material and the copper on the walls of the through-holes. The metal sulfide is characterized by spherical particles having a mean diameter of less than 100 nanometers and a particle size distribution where less than 10 percent of the particles within the dispersion have a diameter twice that of the mean diameter of all particles within the dispersion.

Abstract: A composition for dispersing oil slicks consisting of a surfactant or a mixture of surfactants having the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the same or different oxyalkylene or polyoxyalkylene groups,andwherein R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are the same or different alkyl or alkenyl groups. The composition also includes a carrier solvent.

Abstract: Disclosed are stable monophasic liquid compositions comprising water, one or more cationic, anionic, amphoteric and/or nonionic surfactants, exhibiting partial solubility in water or in concentrated formulations, and one or more coupling agents which are C.sub.7 -C.sub.12 alkane substituted with two hydroxyl groups or alkoxylates thereof with up to 20 moles of one or more of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and/or butylene oxide.

Abstract: An improved adhesive mounted nutplate assembly and related installation method are provided for secured mounting of a nutplate or the like onto a substrate, particularly at a blind side of the substrate in alignment with an access opening. The nutplate assembly includes a nut member having a resilient fixture pin received therein, with the nut member being adapted for adhesive mounting onto the blind side of the substrate with the fixture pin extending through the access opening. A pulling force applied to the fixture pin draws the nut member with a positive force against the substrate. The fixture pin is sized to bind within the access opening when released to maintain this positive force for the duration of an adhesive cure period, after which the fixture pin can be forcibly drawn through and removed from the nut member. A preferred nut member comprises a nutplate having a floating nut carried by a base which is adapted for adhesive mounting onto the substrate.

Abstract: A homogeneous, essentially nonaqueous adjuvant composition containing at least one spray oil selected from the group consisting of: (a) vegetable oils; (b) fatty acids and blends thereof; (c) esterified fatty acids or blends thereof; (d) saponified fatty acids or blends thereof; (e) N,N-dimethylamide of the formula RCON(CH3)2 (f) polybutenes of the following formula  a surfactant in an effective amount to emulsify said composition and a buffering agent in amount sufficient to reduce the pH to below about 7.