Abstract: The present invention relates to specific compositions made by alkoxylation of crude guerbet alcohol mixtures that contain between 15% and 50% lower molecular weight alkoxylated alcohols. The lower molecular weight alcohols are the raw material alcohols used to make the guerbet. Compositions containing this specific bi-modal distribution have unique emulsification properties.

Abstract: Acid based micro-emulsions are disclosed comprising water, an acid blend, an anionic surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, a co-solvent, a solvent and an oxidizer. The micro-emulsions have particular utility in cleaning oil sludges and drilling mud residues from well cuttings, well formations and down hole and surface oil well drilling and production equipment.

Abstract: Emulsions are prepared by heating and polymerizing a mixture containing (i) a non-crosslinked silicone polyether; (ii) optionally, a cosurfactant which can be a monohydroxy alcohol, diol, triol, or glycol ether; (iii) an ≡Si—H containing polysiloxane; (iv) a mono-alkenyl polyether; (v) an &agr;,&ohgr;-diene, &agr;,&ohgr;-diyne, or &agr;,&ohgr;-ene-yne; (vi) optionally, a silicone oil such as (a) a low molecular weight linear or cyclic volatile methyl siloxane, or (b) a low molecular weight linear or cyclic volatile or non-volatile alkyl or aryl siloxane; (vii) a platinum catalyst; and (viii) water.

Abstract: An emulsion of perfluoroorganic compounds (PFOC) comprises a rapidly eliminable perfluorocarbon (PFC) and a slowly eliminable perfluorinated cyclic tertiary amine, perfluoro-N-4-(methylcyclohexyl)-piperidine and additionally comprises not less then three rapidly eliminable and three slowly eliminable PFOC admixtures with the critical temperature of dissolution in hexane (CTDH) close to that of main PFOC. The PFOC emulsion is stabilized with a polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene copolymer having low viscosity to provide high dynamic oxygen capacity and enhancing oxygen delivery to tissues. To prepare the emulsion the stabilizing agent is heated up to 75° C., all components are saturated with carbon dioxide gas to minimize the reactogenicity in intravessel injection as a means of compensation for mass blood loses, perfusion of organs cut of blood flow, treating air-and fat embolism, obliterating vascular injuries of extremities and preventing toxic injuries caused by various xenobiotics.

Abstract: The invention relates to block-copolymeric polyalkylene oxides containing styrene oxide, obtained by alkoxylation, and their use as low-foam pigment wetting agents in aqueous pigment pastes with or without cosolvent and in aqueous and low-solvent coating materials and printing inks.

Abstract: Fluorocarbon emulsions comprising a stabilizing, particle size controlling fluorophilic/hydrophilic compound which can have the formula RF1—W—RH1  (I) wherein RF1 is a linear, branched or cyclic C2-14 fluorocarbon group; RH1 is a linear, branched or cyclic C2-18 saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group; and W is absent or is a bivalent species chosen from the group consisting of —O—, —S—, or various fluorinated structures. Use of the fluorophilic/lipophilic compound in the dispersions of the invention provides stable particle size and efficient emulsification. The dispersions of the invention can comprise biologically useful additive and can be used for various purposes, as oxygen carriers, contrast agents, or diagnostic agents.

Abstract: A process for metal cutting using a water-mixed cutting compound and subsequent cleansing and corrosion protective treatment wherein an oil in water emulsion is used as a cutting compound which contains; (I) an amount emulsifier system consisting of: (a) ethyoxylates/propoxylates of fatty alcohols having 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alcohol, which contains 2 to 6 ethylene oxide units and 4 to 8 propylene oxide units; (b) fatty alcohols and/or fatty alcohols propoxylates having 12 to 24 carbon atoms in the alcohol and 0 to 3 propylene oxide units and/or distillation residues of such fatty alcohols; In a ratio by weight, a:b=1:0.2 to 0.2:1; and (ii) corrosion inhibitory; and an aqueous solution or suspension is used for cleansing an anti-corrosion treatment which contains the same emulsifier system and the corrosion inhibitors as the cutting compound.

Abstract: Disclosed is an emulsion useful in an inversion process. The emulsion is a water-in-oil emulsion and has an aqueous phase having a water-soluble polymer, an oil phase and an activating agent of the following formula: wherein n=0 to 10 and m=2 to 25 and the oxypropylene and oxyethylene units are of block distribution or intermixed in random or tapered distribution. Further disclosed is a process according to the following: a) providing an water-in-oil emulsion having a water-soluble polymer in the aqueous phase and the activating agent; b) introducing the emulsion into an aqueous medium and c) allowing sufficient time for the emulsion to invert. Further disclosed is another process according to the following: a) providing an water-in-oil emulsion having a water-soluble polymer in the aqueous phase; b) introducing the emulsion into an aqueous medium having the activating agent and c) allowing sufficient time for the emulsion to invert.

Abstract: Defoamers are the products of the reaction of epichlorohydrin and compounds having the formula II R3(EO)n(PO)mOH  (II) wherein R3 is an alkyl, alkenyl or arenyl group having from 4 to 22 carbon atoms; a substituted alkyl or alkenyl group having from 4 to 22 carbon atoms wherein; n is a number from 0 to 50 and m is a number from 0 to 10; wherein the mole ratio of epichlorohydrin to (II) is from about 0.60/1 to about 2/1 are extremely efficient defoamers for aqueous surfactant systems. The defoamers are added to a surfactant in an amount sufficient to reduce or eliminate foam and have the advantage of being totally dispersible in water, are readily biodegradable, contain no organic solvents and do not affect the detergency of surfactants with which they are used because they are nonionic surfactants in themselves.

Abstract: An aqueous composition for plasticizing or softening paint, varnish and similar coatings prior to stripping the coating from a surface includes a combination of the active agents, e.g., triethylphosphate and a co-agent selected from dimethyl adipate, 1,2,3-propanetriol triacetate, tri-n-butyl citrate, n-octyl acetate, methyl octanoate and 2-ethyl-l-butanol; as an emulsified hydrophobic phase in which the actives are partitioned between the hydrophobic and aqueous phases. The emulsion is stabilized using a non-ionic water-soluble block copolymer surfactant, being a copolymer of more than one alkylene oxide. The composition may be thickened using rheology control agent. Synthetic smectic clays are particularly suitable. The composition is non-toxic and consists predominantly of water, and yet exhibits effective paint, varnish and lacquer plasticizing/softening.

Abstract: Stable hydrocarbon in water emulsions are formed by emulsifying the hydrocarbon with a non-ionic surfactant and water obtained from the Fischer-Tropsch process.

Abstract: A novel process for the purification of poloxamers which contain aldehyde impurities, and particularly for the purification of the poloxamers named poloxamer 188 and poloxamer 407, which process includes dissolving the poloxamer(s) in a solvent which solvent may optionally contain an acid or a mixture of acids; if the solvent in which the poloxamer(s) has been dissolved is free from acid, acid is added; whereafter the aldehydes are removed.

Abstract: Disclosed is an aqueous organopolysiloxane emulsion for use as an adjuvant to hair-care treatment toiletry preparations suitable in respect of the good storage stability and relatively large average diameter of the organopolysiloxane droplets of 0.1 to 1.0 mm despite the high viscosity of the organopolysiloxane and the high content of the organopolysiloxane. The organopolysiloxane emulsion consists of: (A) 70 to 90% by weight of an organopolysiloxane having a viscosity of 1×105 mPa·s or higher; (B) 1 to 15% by weight of a surface active agent; and (C) 5 to 25% by weight of water.

Abstract: A low-foam emulsifier system is presented containing (a) an ethoxylate/propoxylate of one or more C8-C18 fatty alcohols, where the ethoxylate/propoxylate contains 2 to 6 ethylene oxide units and 4 to 8 propylene oxide units, with (b) a fatty alcohol propoxylate or distillation residue of fatty alcohol or fatty alcohol propoxylate, where the fatty alcohol contains 12 to 24 carbon atoms and up to three propylene oxide units. The weight ratio of (a) to (b) is from 1:0.3 to 0.3:1. The emulsifier system produces a low amount of foam, and is useful in industrial metal processing applications such as cleaning, corrosion protection or cooling lubricant emulsions.

Abstract: An antifoaming composition contains (A) 58 to 90% by weight of an oil compound and (B) 10 to 42% by weight of a mixture. The oil compound (A) consisting essentially of (i) 80 to 99.9% by weight of an organopolysiloxane composed of R13SiO1/2, R12SiO2/2 and R1SiO3/2 units in a ratio of (0.1 to 5):(90 to 99.8):(0.1 to 5) by mol % and (ii) 0.1 to 20% by weight of finely divided silica. The mixture (B) consisting essentially of (iii) 30 to 90% by weight of a polyoxyalkylene-modified silicone oil having a viscosity of 120,000 to 1,000,000 centipoise at 25° C. and (iv) 1 to 70% by weight of a polyhydric alcohol alkyl ether having a molecular weight of 50 to 300. The composition has improved antifoaming properties, water dispersibility and stability.

Abstract: A process for preparing a solid particles-containing emulsion comprising mixing an oil droplets-in-water emulsion with lipophilic solid particles or a dispersion thereof, thereby allowing to include the lipophilic solid particles in the oil droplets. The solid particles-containing emulsion can be suitably used in paints, inks for ink jet printers, fiber-treated agents, coating materials, adhesives, skin cosmetics, hair cosmetics, and the like.

Abstract: The invention relates to aqueous emulsions of peroxyesters comprising an anti-freeze agent, a polyvinyl acetate with a degree of hydrolysis between 45 and 68%, and a non-ionic surfactant with an HLB value greater than 16 selected from alkylene oxide block-copolymers, ethoxylated fatty alcohols, and ethoxylated fatty acids. The emulsions are safe, storage stable, and generally applicable.

Abstract: An aqueous composition for softening or removing organic coatings comprises: (a) an effective amount of a mixture of (a1) at least one non-toxic compound of formula (I). Wherein R, R1 and R2 which may be the same or different, represent lower alkyl, phenyl or lower alkyl-phenyl groups (e.g. triethlyphosphate) and (a2) at least one non-toxic lower alkyl ester of a C2-20 carboxylic acid or at least one non-toxic C4-12 alkanol (e.g. diethyl succinate, diethyl succinate, diethyl adipate. 1,2,3-propanetriol triacetate, tri-n-butyl citrate, n-octyl acetate or methyl octanoate)(b) an effective amount of at least one surfactant to allow the composition to exist as a stable emulsion. The surfactant(s) being selected nonionic water-soluble block compolymers of more than one alkylene oxide (e.g.

Abstract: Low-foam emulsifier system consisting of:

Abstract: Composition (A) comprising: a) at least one compound of formula (I): (Z)y—(G)x—O—RA  (I); b) at least one compound of formula (II): Z—O—[CH2—CH(R1)—O]n—RB  (II); c) optionally one or more compounds of formula (IV): (G)x—O—RA  (III), and d) optionally one or more compounds of formula (IV) HO—[CH2—CH(R1)—O]n—RB  (IV), wherein the weight ratios of (I) to (II) is 0.1 to 10, (III)/(I) is 0 to 1, and (IV)/(II) is 0 to 1, and in each formula: Z is a —CH(CH3)—O—R2 group, wherein R2 is an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical of 1 to 30 carbons, y is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 3x+1; x is 1 to 5; n is 1 to 30; R1 is a hydrogen or methyl; G is the residue of a saccharide; RA and RB are independently a hydrocarbon radical of 1 to 30 carbons. Composition (A) has application as an antifoam in cleaning compositions.

Abstract: Fischer-Tropsch liquids, useful as distillate fuels are emulsified with water and a non-ionic surfactant.

Abstract: A stable oil-in-water emulsion for use in cosmetic compositions comprising an oil phase which contains the combination of a polysaccharide such as animo-mullticarboxylate starch derivative and a dimethicone copolyol as emulsifier, and a water phase.

Abstract: A continuous output system makes paper coating by combining an emulsifier with ASA particles having sizes in the low to sub-micron region. A turbine, pump, blender or other device exposes the ASA to a number of repeated episodes of high shear until the resulting ASA is in the form of particles having a mean average diameter in approximately the 1&mgr; range. A manifold provides the system piping in order to minimize the internal areas where ASA may build up. This manifold has a plurality of holes bored in a solid metal block so that each of the bores forms a short pipe which is only an inch or two in length in order to reduce the interior surface area of an ASA transport and conveyance system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process of preparing emulsions of hydrolyzable silanes, such as alkoxysilanes, using an oil concentrate. The emulsifiers are initially stirred with water. An oil concentrate is then prepared by adding a hydrolyzable silane to the stirring mixture of emulsifiers and water. Additional water is then dispersed in the oil concentrate to form the desired emulsion. Emulsions prepared by this process have shelf stability that is 6 months or longer.

Abstract: Novel nonionic gemini surfactants are extremely effective emulsifiers for oil-in-water emulsions that provide improved detergency at even low concentration levels. The surfactants are characterized by the formula: wherein R1 is independently H or a C1 to C22 alkyl, R2 is H or C1 to C22 alkyl and R3 is D1—R4—D1 or R4—D1—R4 wherein R4 is independently a C1-C10 alkyl group, —C(O)—, —R5[O(EO)a(PO)b]—, —O—R5—O—, or aryl, e.g. phenyl, and D1 is independently —O—, —S—, —S—S—, —SO2—, —C(O)—, a polyether group [—O(EO)a(PO)b—], an amide group [—C(O)N(R6)—], an amino group [—N(R6)—], —O—R5—O—, or aryl.

Abstract: Microemulsion compositions comprising MQ resins and microemulsifiable amino silicone fluids or gums and a surfactant having a high phase inversion temperature, the microemulsions formed therewith, a means for preparing said microemulsions, and personal care products comprising said microemulsions.

Abstract: A non-hazardous, non-flammable, biodegradable composition for use in removal of paraffin accumulations in oilfield equipment may contain limonene, a glycol ether an ethoxylate(alcohol surfactant, an aliphatic alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or mixtures thereof, a non-hazardous and biodegradable organic acid, and, sufficient water as a carrier and comprising such a major weight component of the composition as to virtually eliminate a measurable flashpoint therefor. Preferably the aliphatic alcohol is one or methanol, ethanol, or admixtures thereof. Preferably the organic acid is one of acetic acid, citric acid, or formic acid. The glycol either is preferably ethylene glycol monopropyl ether.

Abstract: A pourable aqueous composition for use as, or for dilution to form, a drilling mud comprises a least 2% by weight of a water soluble polyvalent metal salt of an alkyl polyoxyalkylene sulphuric or carboxylic acid, and at least 1% by weight of a corresponding salt of an alkyl benzene sulphuric acid, preferably in the presence of a water soluble inorganic salt or base of said polyvalent metal.

Abstract: A stable monophasic liquid composition characterized by the ability to solubilize increased amounts of surfactant into the composition while retaining a monophasic state, the composition comprising: one or more surfactants selected from the group consisting of cationic surfactants, anionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, nonionic surfactants, and mixtures thereof; a hydrophobic material; and one or more coupling agents selected from the group consisting of straight, branched and cyclic alkanes containing 7 to 12 carbon atoms and substituted with two hydroxyl groups, and alkoxylates thereof containing up to 20 alkoxy units each of which is ethoxy, propoxy, or butoxy, and mixtures thereof, in an amount of the one or more coupling agents effective to increase the amount of the one or more surfactants that can be solubilized in the monophasic composition.

Abstract: An organic solvent-less O/W type emulsion having an excellent stability for storage and water-dilution is produced by a specific process in which (1) a mixture of (a) water with (b) an oily substance selected from oily effective materials and oily liquid materials, the oily substance and water being capable of forming an interface therebetween, (c) a high molecular weight surfactant and (d) a low molecular weight surfactant is stirred at a temperature of 40.degree. C. or less, to provide an O/W type emulsion; (2) the emulsion is heated to gel the emulsion; (3) the gel is heated to phase invert from O/W to W/O; (4) the W/O emulsion is cooled to a temperature below the gelling temperature; and (5) the resultant O/W emulsion is further stirred, and optionally in or after the cooling step (4), a particulate solid substance or an aqueous suspension thereof is mixed with the emulsion.

Abstract: A predominantly aqueous composition for plasticising or softening paint, varnish and similar coatings prior to stripping the coating from a surface includes preferably a combination of the active agents triethylphosphate and a co-agent selected from dimethyl adipate, 1,2,3-propanetriol triacetate, tri-n-butyl citrate, n-octyl acetate, methyl octanoate and 2-ethyl-l-butanol, as an emulsified hydrophobic phase in which the actives are partitioned between the hydrophobic and aqueous phases. The emulsion is preferably stabilized using a non-ionic water-soluble block copolymer surfactant, being a copolymer of more than one alkaline oxide. The composition may be thickened using a rheology control agent. Synthetic smectic clays are particularly suitable. The composition is non-toxic and consists predominantly of water, and yet exhibits effective paint, varnish and lacquer plasticising/softening characteristics.

Abstract: Fluorocarbon emulsions comprising a stabilizing, particle size controlling fluorophilic/hydrophilic compound which can have the formulaR.sub.F.sup.1 --W--R.sub.H.sup.1 (I)whereinR.sub.F.sup.1 is a linear, branched or cyclic C.sub.2-14 fluorocarbon group;R.sub.H.sup.1 is a linear, branched or cyclic C.sub.2-18 saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group; andW is absent or is a bivalent species chosen from the group consisting of --O--, --S--, or various fluorinated structures. Use of the fluorophilic/lipophilic compound in the dispersions of the invention provides stable particle size and efficient emulsification. The dispersions of the invention can comprise biologically useful additive and can be used for various purposes, as oxygen carriers, contrast agents, or diagnostic agents.

Abstract: Surfactant compositions for wellbore operations consisting essentially of a first surfactant selected from the group consisting of alkyl polyglycosides containing alkyl groups containing an odd number of carbon atoms from about 9 to about 13 carbon atoms and a second surfactant selected from the group consisting of alkyl polyglycosides containing alkyl groups containing from about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms and a third surfactant selected from the group consisting of linear ethoxylated alcohols containing from about 8 to 12 carbon atoms and from about 2 to about 8 ethylene oxide groups and a method for formulating such surfactant compositions.

Abstract: By using a nonionic surfactant as the primary emulsifier having an hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) greater than about 13, at a concentration sufficient to provide about 0.5-3 molecules per 100 square .ANG. of surface area of silicone particles; and a nonionic cosurfactant having an HLB less than about 11, at a concentration sufficient to provide 5-15 molecules of emulsifier per 100 square .ANG. of surface area of silicone particles; aqueous emulsions containing low molecular weight silicones can be prepared which possess improved particle size stability. In particular, the low molecular weight silicones have a molecular weight less than about 1,000, and a viscosity of not greater than about 5 mm.sup.2 /sec. These emulsions can be used in applications relating to laundry pre-spotting, automotive bug and tar removal, and hard surface cleaning.

Abstract: Fragrance releasing silicon compounds either as siloxanes or silanes may be emulsified to form water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsions. Further non-aqueous emulsions of two or more non-aqueous immiscible phases one of which contains a fragrance releasing silicon compound may be prepared by utilizing the emulsion stabilizing properties of a particulate elastomer dispersion in a volatile silicone compound.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for preparation of chemically-stabilized emulsions of tall oil in water. Temperature and pH are controlled during preparation of the emulsions so as to prevent saponification and neutralization of acids in the tall oil component. The final emulsions have pHs in the range of from about 3.0 to 5.0 and remain phase stable for extended periods of time. Methods are disclosed for using the emulsions for soil treatment to improve soil stabilization and load bearing capacity for roadbed use, for treatment of reclaimed asphalt pavement for reuse as a stabilized base course for roadway construction and for remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil.

Abstract: Describes flotation deinking of secondary fiber using a froth moderating agent, a composition of the froth moderating agent with flotation deinking chemicals, and reducing the amount of stickies in separated seconday fiber. The froth moderating agent is selected from the group consisting of:(a) nonionic surfactant material represented by the formula:R--C.sub.6 H.sub.4 O--(C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O).sub.m --(C.sub.3 H.sub.6 O).sub.n --(C.sub.4 H.sub.8 O).sub.p --R.sup.1wherein R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing from about 5 to 20 carbon atoms, R.sup.1 is selected from the group consisting of chloro, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: A clear single phase composition contains 40-95% by weight of a cyclic or short chain linear methyl siloxane and water, and 5-60% by weight of a cationic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant. The cyclic or short chain linear methyl siloxane in the single phase composition has an average structure or droplet diameter of less than about 50 nanometer. The single phase composition spontaneously provides optically clear one phase silicone microemulsions when combined with only hand agitation. The clear single phase compositions are useful in personal care and textile applications.

Abstract: A stable liquid peracid precursor composition for delivering a bleaching and cleaning material is provided in which the liquid peracid precursor composition combines a dispersion medium which comprises a stabilizing effective amount of a liquid matrix and an emulsifier, and a dispersed phase that comprises a peracid precursor. The bleaching and cleaning material comprises either a hydrophobic or hydrotropic generated mono- or diperoxyacid, or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed are stable monophasic liquid compositions comprising water, one or more cationic, anionic, amphoteric and/or nonionic surfactants, exhibiting partial solubility in water or in concentrated formulations, and one or more coupling agents which are C.sub.7 -C.sub.12 alkane substituted with two hydroxyl groups or alkoxylates thereof with up to 20 moles of one or more of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and/or butylene oxide.

Abstract: Aqueous structured surfactants, e.g., lamellar, or preferably spherulitic systems optionally containing suspended solids are used as functional fluids, such as drilling fluids, cutting fluids, hydraulic fluids, heat transfer fluids, construction muds and lubricants. A composition consisting essentially of: water; a surfactant or mixture of surfactants present in a concentration sufficient to form a mobile spherulitic or dispersed lamellar phase in the absence of an electrolyte; and a substantially water insoluble functional material, suspended in the composition, the composition being substantially free from electrolyte.

Abstract: Novel nonionic gemini surfactants are extremely effective emulsifiers for oil-in-water emulsions that provide improved detergency at even low concentration levels. The surfactants are characterized by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is independently H or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.22 alkyl, R.sub.2 is C.sub.6 to C.sub.22 alkyl and R.sub.3 is D.sub.1 --R.sub.4 --D.sub.1 or R.sub.4 --D.sub.1 --R.sub.4 wherein R.sub.4 is independently a C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl group, --O--R.sub.5 --O--, or aryl, e.g. phenyl, and D.sub.1 is independently --O--, an amide group ?--C(O)N(R.sub.6)--!, an amino group ?--N(R.sub.6)--!, --O--R.sub.5 --O--, or aryl. (EO).sub.a (PO).sub.b is a polyether group and Z is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, or an alkylaryl or hydrogen wherein EO represents ethyleneoxy radicals, PO represents propyleneoxy radicals, a and b are numbers of from 0 to 100, a is preferably from about 0 to about 30 and b is preferably from about 0 to 10, wherein a plus b is at least one, and the EO and PO alkyl or alkylaryl.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for preparing a secondary emulsion consisting of droplets of a phase A, dispersed in a phase B, A being immiscible in B, starting with a polydispersed primary emulsion of identical formulation and consisting of droplets of the said phase A dispersed in the said phase B, the droplets of the secondary emulsion having a diameter in all cases which is less than the diameter of the droplets of the primary emulsion, characterized in that the starting primary emulsion is viscoelastic and in that the said starting primary emulsion is subjected to a controlled shear such that the same maximum shear is applied to the entire emulsion.

Abstract: A composition comprising a conventional surfactant, a gemini surfactant and a polymeric soil release agent. The conventional surfactant comprises a hydrophilic group and a hydrophobic group. The gemini surfactant comprises two surfactant moieties attached to each other by a spacer moiety; each surfactant moiety having at least one hydrophilic group and at least one hydrophobic group. The polymeric soil release agent can be any conventional polymeric soil release agent, but preferably comprising PET-POET copolymer. The compositions are useful as surfactant additive packages, detergents and fabric softeners.

Abstract: The invention encompasses oil-in-water type emulsion formulations having decreased skin rub-in times, comprising a nonaqueous phase, an aqueous phase and an oil-in-water emulsifier, which emulsion formulation also contains a water-in-oil emulsifier.

Abstract: A homogeneous, essentially nonaqueous adjuvant composition containing at least one spray oil selected from the group consisting of: (a) vegetable oils; (b) fatty acids and blends thereof; (c) esterified fatty acids or blends thereof; (d) saponified fatty acids or blends thereof; (e) N,N-dimethylamide of the formula RCON(CH3)2 (f) polybutenes of the following formula  a surfactant in an effective amount to emulsify said composition and a buffering agent in amount sufficient to reduce the pH to below about 7.