Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing methanol from a synthesis gas is provided. The method includes (i) producing, in a partial oxidation chamber, the synthesis gas having a stoichiometric number of less than 1.8 by performing a partial oxidation process with a hydrocarbon stream and an oxygen stream, (ii) passing, in a water-gas shift reactor, the synthesis gas over a water-gas shift catalyst to convert at least a portion of carbon monoxide and water into hydrogen and carbon dioxide, (iii) producing a dry, shifted synthesis gas by separating liquid condensate from shifted synthesis gas, (iv) combining, in a recycle compressor, the dry, shifted synthesis gas with a recycle synthesis gas comprised of unreacted synthesis gas and a hydrogen rich product to form a mixed synthesis gas stream, and (v) converting, in a cooled methanol synthesis reactor, at least a portion of the mixed synthesis gas stream into methanol.

Abstract: A cobalt catalyst precursor is described comprising cobalt oxide crystallites disposed within pores of a titania support, wherein the cobalt oxide crystallites have an average size as determined by XRD in the range 6 to 18 nm, and the titania support is a spherical titania support with a particle size in the range 100 to 1000 ?m, wherein the catalyst precursor has a pore volume of 0.2 to 0.6 cm3/g and an average pore diameter in the range 30 to 60 nm, and wherein the catalyst precursor has a ratio of the average cobalt oxide crystallite size to the average pore diameter in the range 0.1:1 to 0.6:1. The catalyst precursor may be reduced to provide catalysts suitable for use in Fisher-Tropsch reactions.

Abstract: A method of producing a syngas composition includes hydrolyzing a metal halide salt to form a hydrohalic acid and a hydroxide salt of the metal in the metal halide salt. The metal includes an alkaline earth metal or an alkali metal. The method includes reacting the hydrohalic acid with a metal carbonate salt, wherein the metal carbonate salt is a carbonate salt of the alkaline earth metal or alkali metal, to form CO2 and the metal halide salt. At least some of the metal halide salt formed from the reacting of the hydrohalic acid with the metal carbonate salt is recycled as at least some of the metal halide salt in the hydrolyzing of the metal halide salt to form the hydrohalic acid and the hydroxide salt. The method also includes electrolytically converting the CO2 and the water into the syngas composition including carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

Abstract: Related are a high-molecular weight allyl alcohol polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether and a preparation method. During preparation, an allyl alcohol raw material and a supported catalyst Rb-NHPA are firstly added into a high-pressure reaction kettle, and it is heated after being replaced with a nitrogen gas; then after the internal temperature of the reaction kettle is raised to a reaction temperature, an ethylene oxide (EO) and propylene oxide (PO) mixture is continuously fed for a reaction; and finally, after the internal temperature of the reaction kettle is reduced, an acetic acid is dropwise added into the reaction kettle so that the crude product of the high-molecular weight allyl alcohol polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether is neutralized to be neutral. The refining process of a polyether is omitted, the process flow is greatly simplified, and the process time is effectively saved. In addition, the supported catalyst Rb-NHP may be recycled.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of a useful product from synthesis gas having a desired hydrogen to carbon monoxide molar ratio comprises gasifying a first carbonaceous feedstock comprising waste materials and/or biomass in a gasification zone to produce a first synthesis gas; optionally partially oxidising the first synthesis gas in a partial oxidation zone to generate oxidised synthesis gas; reforming a second carbonaceous feedstock to produce a second synthesis gas, the second synthesis gas having a different hydrogen to carbon ratio from that of the first raw synthesis gas; combining at least a portion of the first synthesis gas and at least a portion of the second synthesis gas in an amount to achieve the desired hydrogen to carbon molar ratio and to generate a combined synthesis gas and subjecting at least part of the combined synthesis gas to a conversion process effective to produce the useful product.

Abstract: A method for selectively chemically reducing CO2 to form CO includes providing a catalyst, and contacting H2 and CO2 with the catalyst to chemically reduce CO2 to form CO. The catalyst includes a metal oxide having a chemical formula of FexCoyMn(1?x?y)Oz, in which 0.7?x?0.95, 0.01?y?0.25, and z is an oxidation coordination number.

Abstract: A process is provided for recycling Hydrogen enrichment tail gas to a combined cycle power system.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to unique processes, catalysts and systems for the direct production of liquid fuels (e.g., premium diesel fuel) from synthesis gas produced from natural feedstocks such as natural gas, natural gas liquids, carbon dioxide or other similar compounds or materials. In one aspect, the present invention provides a process for the production of a hydrocarbon mixture comprising the steps of: a) reducing a catalyst in-situ in a fixed bed reactor; b) reacting a feed gas that contains hydrogen and carbon monoxide with the catalyst to produce a hydrocarbon product stream, wherein the hydrocarbon product stream comprises light gases, a diesel fuel and a wax, and wherein the diesel fuel fraction is produced without requiring the hydroprocessing of wax, and wherein the catalyst comprises one or more metals deposited on a gamma alumina support at greater than about 5 weight percent, and wherein platinum or rhenium is included on the support in an amount ranging from about 0.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process to prepare a char product and a syngas mixture comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide from a solid torrefied biomass feed comprising the following steps: (i) subjecting the solid biomass feed to a pyrolysis reaction thereby obtaining a gaseous fraction comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide and a mixture of gaseous organic compounds and a solid fraction comprising of char particles; (ii) separating the char particles as the char product from the gaseous fraction; (iii) subjecting the gaseous fraction obtained in step (ii) to a continuously operated partial oxidation to obtain a syngas mixture further comprising water and having an elevated temperature and (iv) contacting the syngas mixture with a carbonaceous compound to chemically quench the syngas mixture. The temperature of the syngas is reduced in step (iv) from between 1000 and 1600° C. to a temperature of between 800 and 1200° C.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of a useful product from carbonaceous feedstock of fluctuating compositional characteristics, comprising the steps of: continuously providing the carbonaceous feedstock of fluctuating compositional characteristics to a gasification zone; gasifying the carbonaceous feedstock in the gasification zone to obtain raw synthesis gas; recovering at least part of the raw synthesis gas from the gasification zone and supplying at least part of the recovered raw synthesis gas to a partial oxidation zone; equilibrating the H2:CO ratio of the raw synthesis gas in the partial oxidation zone to obtain equilibrated synthesis gas; recovering at least part of the equilibrated synthesis gas from the partial oxidation zone and treating the gas to remove impurities and generate a fine synthesis gas; and converting the optionally adjusted fine synthesis gas into the useful product in a further chemical reaction requiring a usage ratio.

Abstract: This invention provides a more efficient means for treating inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases using CO. More specifically, the invention provides a composition for preventing and/or treating inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases, the composition comprising carbon monoxide and a solvent, the CO concentration being 800 ?M or more.

Abstract: An object is to provide a methane synthesis device having as a whole a reduced size and a simplified configuration. A methane synthesis device 100 is composed of respective components from an end plate 2 at the leftmost side to an end plate 23 at the rightmost side and is compactly assembled by fastening plural bolts and nuts to bring these individual components into tightly contact with each other. The components may be divided into a Sabatier reaction unit of signs 3 to 9, a water electrolysis unit of signs 13 to 19, and other components. Hydrogen gas generated in the water electrolysis unit is mixed with carbon dioxide gas and supplied to the Sabatier reaction unit, and methane is synthesized in the Sabatier reaction unit. The size of the device is reduced as a whole and configuration is simplified by integrally stacking the water electrolysis unit, the Sabatier reaction unit, a carbon dioxide supplying unit, and a hydrogen gas supplying unit.

Abstract: A reactor system for conducting multiple continuous reactions in parallel may include a preheating unit that includes an outer preheater shell and a plurality of heating tubes disposed within the preheating shell and arranged in parallel. The reactor system may include a reactor unit downstream of the preheating unit, the reactor unit comprising a plurality of reactor tubes disposed within a reactor shell and an outer heating element disposed about the reactor shell. An inlet end of at least one of the reactor tubes may be fluidly coupled to at least one of the heating tubes of the preheating unit. The reactor unit may include a multi-chamber separator downstream of the reactor unit, the multi-chamber separator having a plurality of separation chambers. At least one of the separation chambers may be fluidly coupled to at least one of the reactor tubes.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to improved catalysts that provide for reduced product contaminants, related methods and improved reaction products. It more specifically relates to improved direct fuel production and redox catalysts that provide for reduced levels of certain oxygenated contaminants, methods related to the use of those catalysts, and hydrocarbon fuel or fuel-related products that have improved characteristics. In one aspect, the present invention is directed to a method of converting one or more carbon-containing feedstocks into one or more hydrocarbon liquid fuels. The method includes the steps of: converting the one or more carbon-containing feedstocks into syngas; and, converting the syngas to one or more hydrocarbons (including liquid fuels) and a water fraction. The water fraction comprises less than 500 ppm of one or more carboxylic acids.

Abstract: A unique process and catalyst is described that operates efficiently for the direct production of a high cetane diesel type fuel or diesel type blending stock from stochiometric mixtures of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. This invention allows for, but is not limited to, the economical and efficient production high quality diesel type fuels from small or distributed fuel production plants that have an annual production capacity of less than 10,000 barrels of product per day, by eliminating traditional wax upgrading processes. This catalytic process is ideal for distributed diesel fuel production plants such as gas to liquids production and other applications that require optimized economics based on supporting distributed feedstock resources.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fuel processor component for a propylene glycol fuel processor, comprising at least one housing (G) having at least two inlets (E1, E2) and two outlets (A1, A2), wherein there is a multitude of first plates (P1) having a first side (S1) and a second side (S2) and second plates (P2) having a third side (S3) and a fourth side (S4) arranged as a stack in the housing (G), wherein the stacked first and second plates (P1, P2) form at least first cavities (H1) and second cavities (H2), wherein the first inlet (E1) has fluid connection to the first outlet (A1) via first cavities (H1) and the second inlet (E2) has fluid connection to the second outlet (A2) via second cavities (H2). The invention further relates to a propylene glycol fuel processor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and a plant for removal of acidic gas constituents from synthesis gas by absorption in a physical scrubbing medium. A first scrubbing medium laden with at least carbon dioxide (CO2) is supplied to a decompression vessel for depressurization from a first absorption apparatus via a first feed conduit. Furthermore, a second scrubbing medium laden with at least carbon dioxide (CO2) is supplied to the decompression vessel for depressurization from a second absorption apparatus via a second feed conduit. The carbon dioxide concentration in the first laden scrubbing medium is higher than the carbon dioxide concentration in the second laden scrubbing medium.

Abstract: A box style steam methane reformer (15) has plural sections (37), with each section having walls (27-29-31, 33) forming an interior cavity (35) and open ends (43) that communicate with the interior cavity. Each section has a feedstock supply pipe (71) and a fuel supply pipe (63) located along the top wall, as well as a syngas collection pipe (79) and a flue gas collection duct (75) located outside of the bottom wall. The pipes and ducts have ends that are aligned with each other to allow the sections to be assembled together. Burners (67) are in the interior cavity and are connected to the fuel supply pipe. Reactor tubes (59) extend through the interior cavity. Refractory members (81) are located in the interior cavity and across a slot. The spacing between the refractory members varies to control the flow of flue gas.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, disclosed herein is a method comprising the steps for producing lower molecular weight hydrocarbons. Also disclosed herein, is a system utilized to produce low molecular weight hydrocarbons.

Abstract: The disclosure deals with a slurry bubble column reactor for converting a gas mixture comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen into liquid hydrocarbons. The slurry bubble column reactor features a slurry bed of catalyst particles, an inlet conduit for feeding the gas mixture into the slurry bed, a filtration zone for separating the liquid hydrocarbons from the catalyst particles and a liquid outlet conduit for withdrawing the separated hydrocarbons from the filtration zone. The filtration zone is situated in the slurry bubble column reactor such that the slurry bed is found in a first and a second heat exchange zone with the filtration zone arranged between the first and the second heat exchange zone.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to chemical synthesis. The teachings thereof may be embodied in methods for chemical synthesis and/or reactors for synthesis. The teaching may increase the conversion of equilibrium-limited reactions in a single pass through a synthesis reactor. For example, a method may include: introducing a synthesis reactant into a reaction chamber with a prevailing pressure p1; forming a synthesis product; discharging the product and any unreacted reactant; separating the product from the unreacted reactant; and introducing the unreacted reactant into a second reaction chamber with a prevailing pressure p2 lower than the pressure p1.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing higher-value products from carbonaceous feedstocks. The process includes converting carbonaceous feedstock in a hydromethanation reactor to a methane-enriched raw product stream, converting the methane-enriched raw product stream to a methanol synthesis feed gas, then converting the methanol synthesis feed gas to higher-value products such as methanol and dimethyl ether.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of manufacturing hydrocarbons by operating a Fischer-Tropsch reactor comprising a fixed bed of reduced Fischer-Tropsch catalyst that comprises cobalt as catalytically active metal. Further, the present invention relates to a mixture of hydrocarbons obtainable by said Fischer-Tropsch reaction.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, disclosed herein is a method comprising the steps for producing lower molecular weight C1-C5 hydrocarbons and alcohols. Also disclosed herein, are systems utilized to produce low molecular weight C1-C5 hydrocarbons and alcohols.

Abstract: A system and method for processing unconditioned syngas first removes solids and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC), then removes volatile organic compounds (VOC), and then removes at least one sulfur containing compound from the syngas. Additional processing may be performed depending on such factors as the source of syngas being processed, the products, byproducts and intermediate products desired to be formed, captured or recycled and environmental considerations.

Abstract: A method for producing high-efficiency methanol capable of reducing emission of carbon dioxide. The method includes: a first step of preparing mixed gas by using steam and natural gas as raw materials and converting C2+ hydrocarbon contained in the natural gas into methane on a catalyst; a second step of preparing a synthesis gas including carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen by reforming the mixed gas in a reformer filled with a reforming catalyst; and a third step of preparing methanol by using the synthesis gas as the raw material and reacting the synthesis gas.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for directly synthesizing monocyclic aromatic compounds and long-chain olefin compounds from a carbon dioxide-rich synthetic gas and, specifically, a method for directly synthesizing monocyclic aromatic compounds and long-chain olefin compounds from a carbon dioxide-rich synthetic gas, the method comprising a step of preparing a C1-C15 short-chain hydrocarbon by Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis and a step of preparing monocyclic aromatic compounds and long-chain olefin compounds by dehydrogenating the short-chain hydrocarbon products, and maximizing the yield of the short-chain hydrocarbon by using, as a synthetic gas to be used in FT synthesis, a carbon dioxide-rich synthetic gas in which the molar ratio of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide is delimited to a specific range, and maximizing the yield of the monocyclic aromatic compounds or the long-chain olefin compounds by specifying the composition of a catalyst to be used in the dehydrogenation and the temperature and pressure

Abstract: Process for producing hydrogen in which tail gas from a separate plant for production of gasoline or diesel is added downstream the steam methane reforming stage and upstream the water gas shift stage of a hydrogen production plant.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for capturing and recycling iron catalyst used in the production of haloalkane compounds and more particularly, to an improved process for the manufacture of the compound 1,1,1,3,3-pentachloropropane (HCC-240fa), in which an electromagnetic separation unit (EMSU) is used to facilitate the reaction. When energized, the EMSU functions to remove all iron particles from the reactor effluent; when de-energized, the iron particles captured by the EMSU can be flushed back into the reactor for re-use in the continued production of HCC-240fa. The present invention is also useful in the manufacturing processes for other haloalkane compounds such as HCC-250 and HCC-360.

Abstract: A process to efficiently convert organic feedstock material into liquid non-oxygenated hydrocarbons in the C5 to C12 carbon skeleton range is disclosed. The process can utilize gaseous, liquid or solid organic feedstocks containing carbon, hydrogen and, optionally, oxygen. The feedstock may require preparation of the organic feedstock for the process and is converted first into a synthesis gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The synthesis gas is then cleaned and conditioned and extraneous components removed, leaving substantially only the carbon monoxide and hydrogen. It is then converted via a series of chemical reactions into the desired liquid hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbons are suitable for combustion in a vehicle engine and may be regarded a replacement for petrol made from fossil fuels in the C5 to C12 carbon backbone range.

Abstract: Provided is a method and apparatus for producing a hydrocarbon fraction. The hydrocarbon fraction is formed from biomass based synthesis gas, the synthesis gas is fed through at least two catalyst layer, the first catalyst layer includes Fe-based catalyst, the second catalyst layer includes Co-based catalyst, and the synthesis gas is treated by supplying the synthesis gas through the first and second catalyst layers in order to form a hydrocarbon composition including the hydrocarbon fraction. Further, provided is a hydrocarbon fraction and its use.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments relate to a process ideal for small scale (distributed) gas to liquids production by recycling and processing some side (non-targeted) products. During operation, the system produces a range of hydrocarbon outputs. The disclosed embodiments recycle non-targeted outputs to maximize the output of targeted hydrocarbon products. Recycled outputs include waxes, light gases and syngas. These embodiments allow for, but are not limited to, the efficient production of high cetane diesel fuel through the recycling of long-chain hydrocarbon wax and short-chain light. Process efficiency is further increased through the recycling of tail-gas produced from catalytic reactions.

Abstract: A gas sensor system is disclosed for detection of a compound that decomposes upon exposure to a metal oxide catalyst. The gas sensor system includes a sensor which includes a microheater, and a metal oxide catalyst that covers the microheater. The gas sensor system includes a pre-concentrator upstream from the sensor that lowers the limit of the detection of a compound.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the preparation of ethylene glycol and 1, 2-propylene glycol from starting material comprising one or more saccharides, wherein the process comprises the steps of i) providing the starting material and hydrogen to a first reactor, which first reactor operates with mixing; ii) reacting said starting material and hydrogen in the first reactor in the presence of solvent and a catalyst system; iii) continuously removing a first reactor product stream from the first reactor; iv) supplying at least a portion of the first reactor product stream to a second reactor, which reactor operates essentially in a plug flow manner; and v) further reacting the first reactor product stream with hydrogen in the presence of a solvent and optionally a catalyst system in the second reactor.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to modifications of bitumen and heavy oil upgrading and refining processes to synthesize synthetic crude oil and other valuable synthesized hydrocarbon products in an efficient manner along with the production of commercially valuable co-products from by-products formed by the upgrading process.

Abstract: A process for preparing one or more reaction products, in which a first methane-rich feed stream is subjected to a partial oxidation process and/or an autothermal reforming process and a second methane-rich feed stream is subjected to a steam reforming process, in which a first synthesis gas-containing output stream is formed from the first methane-rich feed stream and a second synthesis gas-containing output stream is formed from the second methane-rich feed stream and these synthesis gas streams are used to form a collective synthesis gas stream and fluid from the collective synthesis gas stream is subjected to a molecular weight-increasing reaction in a synthesis feed stream to obtain a synthesis output stream comprising carbon dioxide and the reaction product(s). At least one carbon dioxide-rich first recycle stream is formed from fluid from the synthesis output stream and fluid from the first recycle stream is subjected to the steam reforming process.

Abstract: An integrated plant for the conversion of a hydrocarbon gas such as natural gas to useful hydrocarbon liquid fuels and feed-stocks comprises an H2+CO syn-gas generation system which provides feed gas to a Fischer-Tropsch catalytic hydrocarbon synthesis system with an associated power and heat energy system.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of a modified catalyst support comprising: (a) treating a bare catalyst support material with an aqueous solution or dispersion of one or more titanium metal sources and one or more carboxylic acids; and (b) drying the treated support, and (c) optionally calcining the treated support. Also provided are catalyst support materials obtainable by the methods, and catalysts prepared from such supports.

Abstract: A mobile system and method that reform flare gas, methane, or natural gas, using air without steam, to directly produce methanol, a clean burning gasoline blend, component, and/or substitute are disclosed. The system first reforms the air-methane mixture at ambient atmospheric pressure, then compresses the resulting CO-hydrogen-nitrogen gas mixture to 600 psi, and feeds it through a methanol reactor which reacts the gas mixture directly into methanol. The nitrogen is returned by the system back to the atmosphere. Methanol is a clean burning gasoline substitute, and can be used to displace significantly costlier and dirtier petroleum-based fuel, while solving a critical problem with flaring. For example, the over 120 billion cubic feet per year that was flared in North Dakota in 2014 could be converted into over 6 million tons of methanol.

Abstract: A method and system for producing methanol that employs steam methane reforming (SMR) and/or autothermal (ATR) synthesis gas production system, together with a partial oxidation system, is disclosed. The dual mode system and method for producing the synthesis gas in a methanol production process optimizes the efficiency and productivity of the methanol plant by using the partial oxidation based reforming system as an independent source of synthesis gas. The disclosed methods and systems are configurable either as a retrofit to existing methanol production facilities or as an integrated package into newly constructed methanol production facilities.

Abstract: A unique process and catalyst is described that operates efficiently for the direct production of a high cetane diesel type fuel or diesel type blending stock from stoichiometric mixtures of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. This invention allows for, but is not limited to, the economical and efficient production high quality diesel type fuels from small or distributed fuel production plants that have an annual production capacity of less than 10,000 barrels of product per day, by eliminating traditional wax upgrading processes. This catalytic process is ideal for distributed diesel fuel production plants such as gas to liquids production and other applications that require optimized economics based on supporting distributed feedstock resources.

Abstract: A method is proposed for installing monoliths (2) each formed of a ceramic block having a multiplicity of mutually parallel channels wherethrough the reaction gas mixture of a heterogeneously catalyzed gas phase reaction can flow in a reactor (1) for conducting heterogeneously catalyzed gas phase reactions, wherein said monoliths (2) are stacked side by side and on top of each other in the reactor interior, wherein the monoliths are sealed off from each other and from the inner wall of said reactor (1) by mats (3) each comprising an intumescent mat which before installation in said reactor (1) were completely enveloped in a polymeric film, wherein the interior enclosed by the polymeric film and containing said mat (3) is evacuated and wherein the interior enclosed by the polymeric film and containing said mat (3) is devacuated after installation in said reactor (1).

Abstract: This invention relates to an integrated gasification apparatus for carbonaceous fuel, wherein high-pressure steam produced during a gasification process of carbonaceous fuel is directly used to dry the carbonaceous fuel, and steam obtained through the drying process is directly used in a water gas shift process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing a paraffin product from a carbonaceous feedstock comprising (a) partial oxidation of the carbonaceous feedstock to obtain a mixture comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide, (b) performing a Fischer-Tropsch reaction using the mixture as obtained in step (a) and recovering an off-gas from the Fischer-Tropsch reaction and a paraffin product, (c) subjecting at least a part of the off-gas from the Fischer-Tropsch reaction to conversion using a catalyst comprising iron, or a catalyst comprising iron and chromium, followed by a hydrogenation step (d) using a steam/off-gas mol ratio in the range of between 0.5 and 1.5 and a catalyst comprising copper and zinc, followed by a conversion step (e) using a nickel based catalyst, and (f) preparing a hydrogen comprising gas from at least a part of the off-gas from the Fischer-Tropsch reaction.

Abstract: Process and reaction system for the preparation of methanol comprising two reaction units, wherein a first unit is operated on a mixture of fresh synthesis gas and unconverted synthesis gas and a second unit solely with unconverted synthesis gas.

Abstract: A process for producing at least one product from at least one gaseous reactant includes feeding the gaseous reactant, as a gaseous feed or as part of a gaseous feed which is at an inlet superficial gas velocity of at least 0.5 m/s, into a vessel holding an expanded slurry bed of solid catalyst particles suspended in a suspension liquid so that the gaseous reactant can bubble upwardly through the slurry bed. The slurry bed has a catalyst loading of at least 20% by volume of degassed slurry. The gaseous reactant is allowed to react catalytically at a pressure above atmospheric pressure as the gaseous reactant bubbles upwardly through the slurry bed to produce at least one product. The product and any unreacted gaseous reactant are withdrawn from the vessel.

Abstract: In a process for the preparation of methanolin parallel reactors, comprising the steps of (a) reacting carbon oxides and hydrogen in the presence of a methanol catalyst in a first methanol reactor to obtain a first methanol-containing effluent, (b) introducing and reacting unconverted synthesis gas in a second methanol reactor in the presence of a methanol catalyst to obtain a second methanol-containing effluent, the first methanol reactor and the second methanol reactor being connected in parallel, (c) combining the first and second effluent, and (d) cooling and separating the combined and cooled effluent into a methanol-containing liquid phase and unconverted synthesis gas, the methanol catalyst in the first methanol reactor is indirectly cooled by boiling water and the methanol catalyst in the second methanol reactor is either directly or indirectly cooled by the unconverted synthesis gas prior to conversion into the second effluent.

Abstract: A process for the purification of an aqueous stream coming from the Fischer-Tropsch reaction using distillation and/or stripping treatment, a treatment with at least one inorganic base and a treatment with at least one organic base. This process allows at least a part of the aqueous stream coming from the Fischer-Tropsch reaction to be used as process water in the synthesis gas production plant, subsequently sent to the Fischer-Tropsch plant for the production of hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A process for preparing a cobalt-containing hydrocarbon synthesis catalyst includes, in a carbide formation step, treating an initial catalyst precursor comprising a catalyst support supporting cobalt and/or a cobalt compound, with a CO containing gas at a temperature T. T is from 200° C. to 280° C. The cobalt or cobalt compound is converted to cobalt carbide thereby obtaining a cobalt carbide containing catalyst precursor. The CO containing gas (when it contains H2) does not have a CO to H2 molar ratio equal to or less than 33:1. The carbide formation step is carried out under non-oxidative conditions. In a subsequent activation step, the cobalt carbide containing catalyst precursor is subjected to treatment with a hydrogen containing gas at a temperature T2. T2 is at least 300° C. The cobalt carbide is converted to cobalt metal thereby activating the cobalt carbide containing catalyst precursor and obtaining a cobalt-containing hydrocarbon synthesis catalyst.

Abstract: A nanoparticle carrying method making a carrier adsorb ammonium ions, making the nanoparticles adsorb an organic acid, and making the carrier and the nanoparticles contact each other in a basic solution to thereby cause the carrier to adsorb the nanoparticles. Nanoparticles can be carried in high dispersion irrespective of superhydrophilicity.