Abstract: To provide a method for hydrotreating a synthetic hydrocarbon oil, which removes olefins and oxygen-containing compounds by hydrotreatment with the gasification rate restrained and can efficiently convert the synthetic hydrocarbon oil generated by the FT process to a liquid fuel suitable as a fuel for diesel-powered vehicles. A hydrotreating method is disclosed in which a synthetic hydrocarbon oil generated by FT synthesis is hydrotreated using a catalyst in which a definite catalytic metal is allowed to be carried on a support, under definite reaction conditions, with the gasification rate restrained to a definite value or less, thereby removing the olefins and the oxygen-containing compounds.

Abstract: A method is provided for converting synthesis gas to liquid hydrocarbon mixtures useful as distillate fuel and/or lube base oil containing no greater than about 25 wt % olefins and containing no greater than about 5 wt % C21+ normal paraffins. The synthesis gas is contacted with a synthesis gas conversion catalyst comprising a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis component and an acidic component in an upstream catalyst bed thereby producing a wax-free liquid containing a paraffin component and an olefin component. The olefin component is saturated by contacting the liquid with an olefin saturation catalyst in a downstream catalyst bed.

Abstract: A filter system for use in a three-phase slurry reactor is provided. The filter system comprises one or more bundles of a plurality of filter elements for separating liquid from a mixture of liquid and solids contained in the reactor. Each filter bundle is connected to a product transfer conduit transporting separated liquid to a location outside of and downstream from the reactor. The transfer conduit is provided with means for backflushing the filter bundle and guard filter means.

Abstract: Novel methods of treating a Fischer-Tropsch product stream with an acid are disclosed. Such methods are capable of removing contamination from the Fischer-Tropsch product stream such that plugging of the catalyst beds of a subsequent hydroprocessing step is substantially reduced.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for the preparation of a hydrocarbon synthesis catalyst, preferably, a Fischer Tropsch synthesis catalyst. The invention also extends to the use of a catalyst prepared by the method according to the invention in a hydrocarbon synthesis process, preferably, a Fischer Tropsch synthesis process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the purification of an aqueous stream coming from the Fischer-Tropsch reaction which comprises: feeding the aqueous stream containing organic by products of the reaction to a fractionating distillation column or to a stripping column; —condensation of the vaporized stream leaving the head of the column and the removal of a distillate enriched in the heaviest by-products; —feeding the partially purified aqueous stream leaving the bottom of the distillation column, at the head to one or more sensible contact exchangers; —sending a process gas in countercurrent to the tail of the exchanger at a temperature lower than that of the aqueous stream; —sending the process gas enriched in water and part of the residual organic product leaving the head of the exchanger to the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis plant of hydrocarbons; —sending the purified colder water leaving the exchanger directly to further treatment.

Abstract: Process for maintaining the stability of performances of a catalyst for Fischer-Tropsch reaction, performed in a slurry bubble column reactor under a triphase system which comprises gradually increasing the PH2O/PH2 ratio and the PH2O/Z ratio, during the start-up phase, with Z=P0·(T/T1)4·e?(K2/(t·K3)) from 0.4 to 0.8, for a period of time not shorter than 100-150 hrs and not longer than 200-300 hours and, at the end of the start-up phase, maintaining the PH2O/PH2 and PH2O/Z ratios substantially equal to or lower than 0.8.

Abstract: A catalyst for FT synthesis which, in the FT method, is high in a CO conversion and small in the formation of a gaseous component and can stably perform an FT synthesis reaction and enhance the productivity of hydrocarbons, and a method for producing hydrocarbons using the catalyst, are provided. A catalyst for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis comprising a support containing manganese carbonate as a main component, wherein the support contains at least one metal having an activity to the Fischer-Tropsch reaction; and a method for producing hydrocarbons using this catalyst.

Abstract: A method of extracting the contents from the inside of a reactor kept at high temperature and high pressure includes the steps of introducing the contents of the reactor into a pipe having an internal space which communicates with the reactor, closing the pipe to enclose the contents in the internal space, removing unnecessary gas from the internal space, and supplying an inert gas to the internal space, thereby replacing the contents enclosed in the internal space with the inert gas. The contents are discharged from the internal space by replacing the contents enclosed in the internal space with the inert gas.

Abstract: Multi-functional catalyst and processes utilizing the catalyst in single-stage conversion of syngas into hydrocarbon compounds are provided. The multi-functional catalyst, which comprises two or more catalytic materials situated within molecular distances of each other, facilitates conversion of syngas into one or more intermediate compounds and then into desired hydrocarbon compounds, such as high octane gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, olefins, and xylenes.

Abstract: Process to blend a mineral derived hydrocarbon product and a Fischer-Tropsch derived hydrocarbon product by providing in a storage vessel of a marine vessel a quantity of mineral derived hydrocarbon product and Fischer-Tropsch derived hydrocarbon product such that initially the mineral derived hydrocarbon product is located substantially above the Fischer-Tropsch derived hydrocarbon product, transporting the combined products in the marine vessel from one location to another location, also referred to as the destination, and obtaining a blended product at arrival of the marine vessel at its destination.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of ethanol, and optionally methanol, from synthesis gas. In particular the present invention relates to a process for the production of ethanol from a carbonaceous feedstock; wherein the carbonaceous feedstock is first converted to synthesis gas which is then converted to methanol, which is then converted to ethanoic acid, which is then esterified and which is then hydrogenated to produce ethanol in the same alcohol synthesis unit in which the said synthesis gas is converted to methanol.

Abstract: An exemplary method for producing a catalyst is provided where the catalyst includes a catalyst support on which a metallic compound is loaded. An impurity content of the catalyst can be in a range of approximately 0.01 mass % to 0.15 mass %. In particular, the exemplary method can include pre-treating the catalyst support to lower an impurity concentration of the catalyst support, and loading the metallic compound on the catalyst support after the pretreatment procedure.

Abstract: Systems and methods for producing gas-to-liquids products using reactive distillation are provided. The method for producing gas-to-liquids products can include reacting a feedstock in a column having a distillation zone and a reaction zone to provide a bottoms stream and an overhead stream. A first portion of the overhead stream can be recycled to the column at the top of the reaction zone and second portion of the overhead stream can be recycled to the column at the bottom of the reaction zone.

Abstract: A novel catalytic reactor suitable for use in chemical and petrochemical processes. The reactor is of a pillow panel that has superior heat transfer properties. This invention also relates to a chemical process, such as a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process performed with use of the novel pillow panel reactor.

Abstract: A method of increasing the hydrogen/carbon monoxide (H2/CO) ratio in a syngas stream derived from a carbonaceous fuel including coal, brown coal, peat, and heavy residual oil fractions, preferably coal. The fuel-derived syngas stream is divided into at least two sub-streams, one of which undergoes a catalytic water shift conversion reaction. The so-obtained converted sub-stream is combined with the non-converted sub-stream(s) to form a second syngas stream with an increased H2/CO ratio. The method of the present invention can provide a syngas with a H2/CO ratio more suitable for efficient hydrocarbon synthesis carried out on a given catalyst, such as in one or more Fischer-Tropsch reactors, as well as being able to accommodate variation in the H2/CO ratio of syngas formed from different qualities of feedstock fuels.

Abstract: A hydroformylation process comprising reacting, in a reactor system comprising one or more feed streams, a reaction environment and an output stream, a feedstock composition comprising a compound having at least one olefinic carbon- to- carbon bond with hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the presence of an organophosphine modified cobalt hydroformylation catalyst, wherein the hydroformylation process is carried out in the reaction environment, which comprises at least two reaction zones, wherein the at least two reaction zones comprise an earlier reaction zone and a later reaction zone, wherein the temperature of the later reaction zone is at a temperature which is at least 2° C. greater than the temperature in the earlier reaction zone, and the temperature of the later reaction zone is in the range of from 140° C. to 220° C., and the temperature of the earlier reaction zone is at least 130° C., and wherein water is added into the reactor system.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of propylene and ethylene comprises subjecting a gaseous mixture of a dilution gas and a paraffinic feedstock boiling in the gas oil range and having an iso paraffin to normal paraffin ratio of between 2 and 5 to a thermal conversion step.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of producing liquid hydrocarbons, preferably internal combustion engine fuels, using feedstocks of coal or methane. Depending on the nature of the feedstock it is subjected to a gasification and/or reforming process and/or water gas shift process which produces a syngas that is rich in carbon dioxide and hydrogen rather than carbon monoxide and hydrogen as in the conventional process. The carbon dioxide and hydrogen are combined in a Fischer Tropsch process to produce desired hydrocarbons and water. The energy requirements of the gasification/reforming process to produce a syngas that is rich in carbon dioxide and hydrogen is considerably less than the energy requirements for gasification/reforming process for producing the conventional carbon monoxide rich syngas. This reduction in energy consumption reduces considerably the quantities of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere compared to conventional processes that are based on carbon monoxide rich syngas.

Abstract: A method for determining optimum catalyst particle size for a gas-solid, liquid-solid, or gas-liquid-solid fluidized bed reactor such as a slurry bubble column reactor (SBCR) for converting synthesis gas into liquid fuels considers the complete granular temperature balance based on the kinetic theory of granular flow, the effect of a volumetric mass transfer coefficient between the liquid and the gas, and the water gas shift reaction. The granular temperature of the catalyst particles representing the kinetic energy of the catalyst particles is measured and the volumetric mass transfer coefficient between the gas and liquid phases is calculated using the granular temperature. Catalyst particle size is varied from 20 ?m to 120 ?m and a maximum mass transfer coefficient corresponding to optimum liquid hydrocarbon fuel production is determined. Optimum catalyst particle size for maximum methanol production in a SBCR was determined to be in the range of 60-70 ?m.

Abstract: A method is provided for quenching a slurry in a slurry vessel of slurry phase apparatus which comprises a gas distributor arranged to inject a gas into the slurry at a predetermined level, and an apertured solid particles support below the level at which the gas distributor is disposed to inject the gas. The method includes introducing a quenching liquid into the slurry vessel below the apertured support and passing the quenching liquid into the slurry through the apertures of the apertured support.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel integrated process for the co-production of methanol and dimethyl ether (DME) from syngas containing nitrogen, which is based on a two-stage reaction. In the first stage, most of the syngas is converted into methanol by using one reactor or two tandem reactors or multistage series reactors. In the second stage, the small amount of remaining syngas is further diluted by N2 and is converted to DME in the following reactor. Thus, the catalyst sintering is avoided due to the alleviated heat transfer limitations. An overall CO single pass conversion as high as ˜90% is obtained, which is maintained during 2000 h's of continuous operation. This invention provides a novel, economic and easy to operate process to convert syngas to methanol/DME in single pass.

Abstract: A process for temporarily interrupting a Fischer-Tropsch type reaction carried out on a feed comprising at least carbon monoxide and hydrogen is carried out in a three-phase reaction zone comprising a liquid phase, a gas phase and solid catalyst particles maintained in suspension, said process comprising a step a) for interrupting the reaction and a step b) for restarting said reaction, during which the solid catalyst particles are maintained in suspension in the reaction zone; a) during the step for interrupting the reaction, supply of the feed is stopped, and a blanket of an inhibiting gas comprising less than 1% by volume of hydrogen and at least 5% by volume of at least one inhibiting compound selected from the group formed by carbon monoxide and water is established; and b) during the reaction restart step, in the reaction zone, a blanket of an activating gas with a hydrogen content of at least 20% by volume is established and supply of the feed is restarted.

Abstract: Process for the charging of a catalyst and for the running of a reactor in which reactions take place in multiphase systems, wherein a gaseous phase prevalently consisting of CO and H2 is bubbled into a suspension of a solid in the form of particles (catalyst) in a liquid (prevalently reaction product), according to the Fischer-Tropsch technology.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the production of aldehydes/alcohols and alkyl benzene. According to the invention, a hydrocarbon feed stream containing olefins and paraffins having an average number of carbon atoms from 10 to 18 per molecule, typically derived from the condensation product of a Fischer-Tropsch reaction is subjected to a hydroformylation reaction to provide a hydroformylation product containing aldehydes/alcohols and paraffins. An aldehyde/alcohol product is separated from the paraffins in the hydroformylation product to provide an aldehyde/alcohol product stream and a paraffin stream. The paraffin stream separated from the hydroformylation product is then subjected to a dehydrogenation reaction to form a dehydrogenation product containing olefins and paraffins, and the dehydrogenation product is subjected to an alkylation reaction to convert olefins to alkyl benzene.

Abstract: Process for the running of a reactor in which reactions take place in multiphase systems, wherein a gaseous phase prevalently consisting of CO and H2 is bubbled into a suspension of a solid in the form of particles (catalyst) in a liquid (prevalently reaction product), according to the Fischer-Tropsch technology.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the conversion of synthesis gas to hydrocarbons in the presence of a modified supported Fischer-Tropsch catalyst composition.

Abstract: A catalytically active oxide mixture as well as a process for the production thereof and the use thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved process for the conversion of carbon oxide(s) and hydrogen containing feedstocks to oxygen containing hydrocarbon compounds in the presence of a particulate catalyst.

Abstract: Process for the running of a reactor in which reactions take place in multiphase systems, wherein a gaseous phase prevalently consisting of CO and H2 is bubbled into a suspension of a solid in the form of particles (catalyst) in a liquid (prevalently reaction product), according to the Fischer-Tropsch technology.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved process for the conversion of carbon oxide(s) and hydrogen containing feedstocks to oxygen containing hydrocarbon compounds in the presence of a particulate catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention discloses and teaches new methods of converting syngas into ethanol and/or other higher alcohols. Preferred embodiments recycle methanol, partially convert it to syngas, and then convert this additional syngas also to C2+ alcohols. Generally, the invention provides reactors comprising catalysts capable of converting syngas to alcohols with low selectivities to carbon dioxide and methane, and further provides process strategies to separate and recycle unreacted syngas as well as methanol produced by the catalyst. The invention is capable of turning modest per-pass reaction selectivities to a particular alcohol, such as ethanol, into economically significant net selectivities and yields.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the conversion of synthesis gas to hydrocarbons in the presence of a modified supporter Fischer-Tropsch catalyst composition.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst body comprising a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst or catalyst precursor and a porous body, said porous body being between 1-50 mm, preferably 1-30 mm in size, the catalyst body having an internal voidage between 50-95%. The invention further relates to a process comprising the steps of: (i) introducing the synthesis gas into the reactor; and (ii) contacting the synthesis gas with a non-stationary catalyst to catalytically convert the synthesis gas at an elevated temperature to obtain the normally gaseous, normally liquid, and optionally normally solid hydrocarbons from synthesis gas; wherein the catalyst of step (ii) is located on a plurality of porous bodies being 1-50 mm in size, preferably 1-30 mm in size, thus forming catalyst bodies, and wherein said catalyst bodies have an external voidage in situ in the reactor between 5-60%, and a porosity within the catalyst bodies between 50-95%.

Abstract: Process for the synthesis of olefins from synthesis gas in the presence of at least one Fischer-Tropsch catalyst in a reaction column, wherein the synthesis gas is introduced into the reaction column below a zone A of the reaction column and the olefins formed are taken off below the inlet for the synthesis gas.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a catalyst or catalyst precursor, comprising the steps of: (a) admixing: (i) a catalytically active metal or metal compound (ii) a carrier material (iii) a gluing agent; and (iv) optionally one or more promoters, and/or one or more co-catalysts; (b) forming the mixture of step (a); and (c) drying the product of step (b) for more than 5 hours at a temperature up to 100 C to form the catalyst or catalyst precursor. The catalyst material mixture does not need to be calcined after forming to achieve the required minimum strength for use in a suitable reaction, such as Fischer Tropsch.

Abstract: A catalyst, catalyst precursor, or catalyst carrier formed as an elongated shaped particle having a cross section comprising three protrusions each extending from and attached to a central position. The central position is aligned along the longitudinal axis of the particle. The cross-section of the particle occupies the space encompassed by the outer edges of six outer circles around a central circle, each of the six outer circles contacting two neighbouring outer circles, the particle occupying three alternating outer circles equidistant to the central circle and the six interstitial regions, the particle not occupying the three remaining outer circles which are between the alternating occupied outer circles. The ratio of the diameter of the central circle to the diameter of the outer occupied circle is more than 1, and the ratio of the diameter of the outer unoccupied circle to the diameter of the outer occupied circle is more than 1.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods for making a stabilized transition alumina of enhanced hydrothermal stability, which include the introduction of at least one structural stabilizer; a steaming step before or after the introduction step, wherein steaming is effective in transforming a transition alumina at least partially to boehmite and/or pseudoboehmite; and a calcining step to create a stabilized transition alumina. The combination of the structural stabilizer and the steaming step is believed to impart high hydrothermal stability to the alumina crystal lattice. Particularly preferred structural stabilizers include boron, cobalt, and zirconium. The stabilized transition alumina is useful as a catalyst support for high water partial pressure environments, and is particularly useful for making a catalyst having improved hydrothermal stability. The invention more specifically discloses Fischer-Tropsch catalysts and processes for the production of hydrocarbons from synthesis gas.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the conversion of synthesis gas to hydrocarbons in the presence of a modified supported Fischer-Tropsch catalyst composition.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalytically active composition for the selective methanation of carbon monoxide which comprises at least one element selected from the group consisting of ruthenium, rhodium, nickel and cobalt as active component and a support material based on carbon. The invention further provides for the use of this catalytically active composition for the selective methanation of carbon monoxide and in the production of hydrogen for fuel cell applications.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus for recovering organic compounds from plant waste water. A saturator (10) is coupled to a feed gas stream (70) and a heated makeup water stream (54) which includes recoverable organic compounds. The saturator provides a saturated feed gas stream (70) which includes feed gas, steam and recovered organic compounds. A pump (30) recycles saturator water (56) and the makeup water stream (50) is added to that recycle stream (54).

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing a catalyst. The process allows the delamination of layered crystals which are used as a starting material for a catalyst. The starting material is subsequently converted into an active portion of a catalyst with an increased dispersion resulting in a higher activity. Preferred delaminating agents are di-carboxylic acids and one particular example is citric acid. Preferably at least 0.75 wt %, more preferably at least 1.5 wt % of a delaminating agent is added to the catalyst starting material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for removing carbon monoxide from a hydrogenous gas stream by reacting the carbon monoxide with hydrogen to give methane and water in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst. In this process, the catalyst is present in the form of a thin-layer catalyst on a support material. The invention further relates to an apparatus for carrying out the process.

Abstract: A catalyst for use in a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction which comprises cobalt supported on alumina, in which: the catalyst average particle size is in the range 20 to 100 ?m; the specific surface area of the impregnated and calcined catalyst particles is greater than 80 m2/g; the average pore size of the impregnated and calcined catalyst is at least 90 ? (9 nm); and the pore volume of the impregnated and calcined catalyst is greater than 0.35 cm3g.

Abstract: A method and a system for drying a biomass, wet pulverized coal or combinations thereof, using heat from a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis in a heat exchanger to heat a nitrogen gas, using a flue gas in a heater to heat the heated nitrogen gas to a higher temperature, passing the twice heated nitrogen gas through apparatus to pulverize the fuel source of coal, biomass or both, forming a gas/particulate stream, filtering the gas/particulate stream in a filter to remove dried fuel feed stocks and using a blower to form a first steam and nitrogen mixture for discharge, and a second steam and nitrogen mixture for mixing with additional dry nitrogen gas for introduction to the first step of the method, at the heat exchanger.

Abstract: An arrangement of cooling tubes within a Fischer-Tropsch slurry reactor simplifies removal and reinstallation of cooling tubes for reactor maintenance.

Abstract: A composition of lubricating base oil having a weight percent of all molecules with at least one aromatic function less than 0.30, a weight percent of all molecules with at least one cycloparaffin function greater than 10, and a ratio of weight percent of molecules with monocycloparaffins to weight percent of molecules with multicycloparaffins greater than 15.

Abstract: Methods for reducing the average molecular weight of liquid hydrocarbons in a Fischer-Tropsch reactor are disclosed. The preferred embodiments of the present invention are characterized by feeding a hydrocarbon stream, which lowers the average molecular weight of the hydrocarbon liquids inside the reactor, and more preferably by recycling a portion of low-molecular weight hydrocarbon products back into the reactor. Lowering the molecular weight of the hydrocarbon liquids inside the reactor increases the mass transfer and solubility, and diffusivity of the reactants in the hydrocarbons present in the slurry.

Abstract: A chemical reactor for direct conversion of hydrocarbons includes a dielectric barrier discharge plasma cell and a solid oxide electrochemical cell in fluid communication therewith. The discharge plasma cell comprises a pair of electrodes separated by a dielectric material and passageway therebetween. The electrochemical cell comprises a mixed-conducting solid oxide electrolyte membrane tube positioned between a porous cathode and a porous anode, and a gas inlet tube for feeding oxygen containing gas to the porous cathode. An inlet is provided for feeding hydrocarbons to the passageway of the discharge plasma cell, and an outlet is provided for discharging reaction products from the reactor. A packed bed catalyst may optionally be used in the reactor to increase efficiency of conversion. The reactor can be modified to allow use of a light source for directing ultraviolet light into the discharge plasma cell and the electrochemical cell.

Abstract: A process for starting up a Fischer-Tropsch reactor includes establishing, in the reactor, an initial charge of molten wax. The initial reactor temperature is below the line-out reactor temperature but is sufficiently high for a Fischer-Tropsch reaction to take place. The reactor contains, in contact with the molten wax, at least a portion of its line-out catalyst inventory. Syngas is fed into the reactor at an initial flow rate below the line-out syngas flow rate. Initially a syngas H2:CO molar ratio is maintained at a higher value than its line-out value, whereafter the syngas H2:CO molar ratio is decreased to its line-out value. The syngas flow rate and the reactor temperature are then increased to their line-out values.