Abstract: A building panel of wood composite material includes inner and outer faces outlined by opposite ends and upper and lower edges. The panels are adapted to be placed end-to-end in courses or rows arranged in parallel to extend upwardly from a lower edge or eave to cover a building wall or roof structure. Each panel includes an outer face having a lower portion of substantial surface area adapted for exposure to the weather and an upper portion of relatively smaller surface adapted to underlie one or more panels in a next higher course laid in overlapping relation therewith. A large lower portion of the outer face is formed with a surface embossed to resemble a plurality of individual shingle elements positioned in side-by-side relation. Grooves are formed in the outer face of the panel between adjacent shingle elements and each groove tapers from a minimum depth adjacent the upper portion of the outer face to a maximum or greater depth adjacent the lower edge of the panel.

Abstract: A roofing shingle of the solid variety marked for easy installation and a method of applying such solid shingles with overlapping joints. The solid shingle is made with a base of either a felt or a fiberglass material covered with asphalt and crushed mineral granules with its upper portion, approximately fifty-five percent of the shingle width, covered by the next higher row of shingles. Three linear marks are located on the upper portion each with a length substantially as long as the width of the upper portion to indicate the center line of the shingle and the one-third and two-third locations from each end. Two shorter linear marks, substantially two inches from the end of the shingle, are located on the upper portion to designate overlap.

Abstract: A system for making spatial structures includes connecting pieces for attaching structural rods. The connection pieces include a central body whereupon two superimposed crowns of lugs are arranged, the lugs of one crown being angularly shifted with respect to those of the other crown. The middle axes of the lugs of the two crowns intersect in one same point situated on the axis of the central body. Such is the geometry of the lugs that they may be pierced in a certain zone as required according to the application contemplated, by using center holes for materializing the central body axis and a reference basis.

Abstract: A roofing structure including a plurality of abutting fireproof sections and a reservoir board having apertures therein, the reservoir board mounted on and secured to the sections of the fireproof member. Insulation mounted on said reservoir board and covering said apertures therein. In the event of a fire in the building covered by the roof, the insulation will become molten and under normal circumstances would flow on to the fireproof member and leak therefrom at the seams between abutting sections of the fireproof member and flow therethrough downwardly of the roof. This molten insulation would serve to intensify the fire within the building. Indicia is provided on the reservoir board to aid in the proper installation thereof so that the apertures therein will not be positioned above the seams in the fireproof member. In a modification of the invention the reservoir board is eliminated and the fireproof member is provided with a plurality of cups formed therein to receive and to hold the molten insulation.

Abstract: An office building has a glass paneled exterior with transparent window panels extending from floor to ceiling of each story and a horizontal row of panels of translucent glass positioned adjacent the floor or the ceiling of a single story building or between the top portion of one story and the bottom portion of the next story in a multi-story building. An illuminated sign is provided comprising a plurality of electrically illuminated sign modules aligned linearly behind some of the translucent glass panels, which comprise a plurality of individual lights, selectively illuminable in the form of any one of a plurality of selected alphanumeric characters or symbols. The individual lights, when energized, provide light of an intensity sufficient to be seen outside the translucent glass panels but are invisible from the outside when deenergized. Control switches, etc., are provided for selectively energizing the lights on selected ones of the sign modules.

Abstract: A building panel having inner and outer faces outlined by opposite ends and an upper and lower edges with opposite ends of the panel adapted to closely face the ends of adjacent panels in the same course. The outer face of the panel includes a lower portion of substantially greater surface area adapted for exposure and an upper portion of relatively smaller surface area adapted to underlie a lower portion of the back face of one or more panels laid up in the next higher course. At least one of the opposite ends of the panel is formed with a spacer projection adjacent the smaller upper portion thereof extending outwardly to provide an expansion space between a lower portion of said one end and an end of an adjacent panel positioned in the same course or row.

Abstract: A sealing, trimming or finishing strip has a metal carrier advantageously made up of U-shaped side-by-side metal elements interconnected by integral connecting links. The carrier is completely embedded in flexible material, such as rubber or plastics material, which defines inner gripping and sealing lips. A sealing portion is also provided. Substantially all of the material on the inside of the carrier (including the material of the lips) is sufficiently transparent or translucent to enable the carrier, or at least the connecting links thereof, to be visible through it. This facilitates cutting of the strip into lengths, because it enables the cutter to be located so as to cut through the connecting links of the carrier, rather than through the U-shaped elements thereof. The channel-shaped material externally of the carrier is visually opaque.

Abstract: The present invention comprises an improved composite wall structure which includes a pair of outer poured concrete layers which are separated by a high density foam insulating panel which is mounted between the concrete layers and includes a plurality of time mechanisms for holding the insulated layer in place while the concrete is being poured and hardened, wherein the holding means comprises metal rods and are low heat conductive rods such as polyglass impregnated plastic rods upon which a pair of holding spools are mounted which engage opposite sides of the insulating panel so as to hold it in a predetermined position.Also disclosed is a novel corner form arrangement.

Abstract: A flat screen mesh element formed of metal or plastics material covers one or more core openings in a block of the next to topmost course in a foundation wall. When the topmost course of blocks is in place, mortar used to embed a foundation cap plate anchor bolt is placed in the core opening of a top course block which is in alignment with a locator tab carried by one end of the screen mesh element and extending beyond a surface of the foundation wall. The screen mesh element prevents the mortar from entering a core opening or openings of blocks below the topmost course. A large savings of mortar is achieved and the anchor bolts are installed at a uniform level on the foundation wall.

Abstract: A construction system is disclosed utilizing prefabricated panels which can be assembled in a contiguous, aligned relationship to form a construction section. In one form of the system, the individual panels may include a structural core with a flexible membrane covering, and include an edge portion adapted to engage the edge portion of the next adjacent panel to provide a substantially contiguous seal between panels. The edge portions are sealable by fasteners which may be in the form of interlocking male and female members proportioned so that when joined the male members of one fastener will wipe along the inside walls of the fastener to which it is being connected to clean dirt from these walls and push the dirt into one or more dirt cavities formed when the fasteners are joined. Multiple areas of intense contact are also provided between the mating members of the fasteners to provide an effective watertight seal.

Abstract: Preformed panels having a layer of insulation secured to the rear surface of a facing layer are retained in position against a wall by horizontally disposed banding having resiliently coupled ends. A vertical member along one side edge portion of a panel has a spring portion terminating in a flange angled outwardly away from the facing sheet so that a side edge portion of the next adjacent facing sheet may be inserted therebetween and clamped against the facing sheet of the first panel to thereby interlock adjacent horizontally disposed panels.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to the field of composition shingles and in particular the types of shingle known as strip or tab shingles. Heretofore shingles having nonuniform random or jagged butt edges have relied on locating indicia on the upper covered portions of the leading and trailing edges thereof, or on the upper edge of the overall shingle, to aid in positioning these shingles relative to one another on a roof deck. Tab shingles have been able to eliminate at least some of the locating indicia in these areas by relying on uniformly sized and positioned slot cutouts to locate the uniform butt edges of the overlapping shingle relative to the shingle being overlapped. The present shingle includes at least one slot dividing the butt edge into two tabs and a knife slit in one of the tabs. The lower edge of the tabs corresponding to a portion of the butt edge of the shingle include specifically shaped locating edges.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a glass pane whereby a broken pattern of white and black opaque material is applied to the surface or surfaces of the glass pane such that concentrated light from one side of the glass is reflected to such an extent that persons on that side of the glass may see the wall and may "read" the path of an object moving relative to said wall whilst persons disposed on the other side of said wall may see through the wall to a sufficient extent to also follow the path of said moving object. The glass panels of the present invention are particularly suitable for wall members for a squash, handball, racquet-ball or like court.

Abstract: A device for supporting one end of a lap siding while an opposite end is being nailed during a siding installation one a house; the device including, in one design, a hook for hooking over a top edge of a siding already installed, and a hanger adjustably mounted on the hook for a next above siding member to rest thereupon at a correct distance of overlap while the opposite end is manually held in the nailing progress.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for delineating zones on the surface of thermoplastic gratings. The method comprises inserting in the grate openings a removable closure member adapted to interlock with the grating and close the opening. The removable closure member is distinguishable from the grating in color and when a plurality of closure members are so inserted in a pattern, they delineate a given zone.

Abstract: A protector for roof spouting or eavestroughs is formed from lengths of dark, sun-heat-absorbing plastic, secured with one edge under the lowermost shingles of a roof and the other edge overhanging the lip of the spouting and secured thereto by fastener strips fitting under the spouting lip.

Abstract: A template for positioning an array of overlapping shingles on a roof comprises a body member having a side edge contoured to fit the side edge pattern of the array of shingles to be established on the roof, whereby the shingle positioning is accomplished by setting on the roof a first shingle of the array, positioning the template on the roof so that a portion of its contoured side edge abuts the corresponding side edge portion of the first shingle of the array and thereafter guiding the placement on the roof of each of the remaining shingles of the array by abutting a side edge portion of each against the corresponding side edge portion of the template's contoured side edge.

Abstract: Two diametrically opposite corners of roofing tiles are cut off to provide cut-outs which are stepped in several steps so as to have at least two edge portions parallel to the side edges of the tile, said edge portions lying closely adjacent matching edge portions of diagonally adjacent tiles of the roofing with a small clearance, whereby the passage or joint formed by the opposed matching edge portions will comprise two parallel non-aligned stretches with a connecting transverse, preferably wider stretch serving as an expansion chamber.

Abstract: A method and means for anchoring a dismountable building by means of earth penetrating members. The building includes frame members which bear upon perimeter plates having ground piercing parts. Elongated ground anchors project through openings in the perimeter plates and are secured to the plates. A flexible sheet spans the ground on which the building is erected and is pierced by the elongated anchors and the ground piercing members of the perimeter plates.The method of anchoring the building entails the steps of spreading a sheet at a desired location, advancing auger type anchors into the ground through the sheet at points indicated on the sheet, placing on the sheet at positions indicated thereon perimeter plates with openings fitting over projecting portions of the anchors and with spike portions thereof piercing the sheet and penetrating the ground, and securing the perimeter plates to the anchors.

Abstract: Extruded plastic trunking to cover, conceal, and protect cables or conduits on the surfaces of building walls, comprising a base strip with a channel groove to accommodate the conduit or cable and an overlying resilient curved cover strip arranged to make a snap fit with the base, having sloping flanks which extend close to the wall. The cover strip may be transparent and provided with a lining strip of the same pattern and color as the wall surface.

Abstract: A screed bar support stake and method are uniquely adapted to concrete screeding operations utilizing a vibratory-type screed. The stake is formed with means which allow it to be located after the concrete has been poured and is also adapted with means enabling the stake to be removed for reuse before the concrete hardens thus saving the cost of the stake. A mating drive member facilitates easy placement of the stake.

Abstract: A snap-on cover for window casings including elongated metal or like resiliently deformable case molding members mountable on brackets secured at spaced locations along a window casing. The case molding members snap onto the brackets; each bracket has a base, a pair of spaced, aligned seats projecting outwardly therefrom for engagement by the edges of a molding member, and a leg also projecting outwardly from the base for retaining the molding member against inward displacement. A screw extending inwardly through an elongated opening in the base and surrounded by a helical spring under compression between the screw head and the base secures the bracket to the subjacent casing or other structure in a manner enabling self-aligning positional adjustment of the bracket in several directions when a molding member is mounted thereon. The case molding members may be provided as overlapping sections, to accommodate a range of window dimensions.

Abstract: In a house structure in which insulating material is to be laid in between and over the attic floor joists, an insulation vent is provided in spaced relation to the roofing boards to allow for free flow of ventilating air between the soffit and the interior of the attic above the insulating material and along the roof boards. This insulation vent is sold flat. To be installed it is folded on pre-scored crease lines, first to form an elongated trough consisting of a rectangular roof clearing sheet and two upwardly extending roof contacting spacer flanges. A lower end portion of the roof clearing sheet is folded down to become a wall sheathing contact sheet, and the flanges which fold down with it are stapled to the roof rafters to hold the roof clearing sheet and sheathing contact sheet in place.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for installing insulation, wherein insulation is delivered into vertical wall spaces formed between a permanent wall at one side and a plastic membrane at the other side, the permanent wall and the membrane being supported by vertical members such as studs. The membrane forms a vapor barrier over the wall area, and is covered by wallboard such as sheetrock or paneling, or the like. To prevent sag of the membrane during installation of the insulation, a shield plate is held against the outer side of the membrane during the time that the insulation is being delivered into the space between the permanent wall and the membrane.

Abstract: A glass pane has a broken pattern of dots of an opaque non-reflective material applied to one side thereof. The pattern is applied as a ceramic ink fused into the glass surface in a heat toughening step. The arrangement of dots is such that the pattern occupies 10% to 30% of the pane surface and comprises 30 to 50 dots per linear inch. A squash or like court formed from a number of such glass panes is such that players within the court are not distracted by spectators outside and can follow the path of a squash ball with ease, whereas spectators outside the court, by virtue of differential lighting as between court and spectator area, can watch the activity within the court without diminished vision.

Abstract: A combined fastener and tension indicator means employed for securing the ends of a band having undulations formed therein. The band is employed for retaining insulation panels which have been applied over the exterior surface of a structure to be insulated thereby. The structure to be insulated is caused to expand and/or contract depending upon the surrounding atmospheric conditions. A tension is applied to the band to insure the band always being in close contact with the exterior surface of the structure to which the panels have been applied. The undulations formed in the band together with the amount of tension applied to the band will permit for the structure to which the panels have been applied to expand and/or contract while still retaining the insulation panels in close contact with the exterior surface of the structure to which the panels have been applied.

Abstract: A fascia board support comprises an angled piece of metal having a generally horizontal flange and a depending panel. A slit is provided in the panel which permits the horizontal flange to be bent and the central portion of the panel to overlap. In use, the support is placed on the exposed, squared end of a rafter. The flange is bent to provide a vertical part of the end of the rafter. The central portions of the panel become overlapped. The support is nailed to the rafter through holes in the overlapping portions. An index on the support permits the flange to be accurately bent for use with roofs of various pitches. The vertical part of the flange receives the fascia board, as by nailing.

Abstract: A fastening system for structures such as knock-down crates and other multiple panel structures is disclosed. Resilient spring clips prebent to form two angularly disposed arms are provided for releasably locking panels such as the rectangular sides, ends, tops, and base panels of a knock-down shipping container. Each clip has a bent over end on one arm forming a hook adapted to fit into and to be held within a retaining slot in a bracket carried on one panel and further has a detent formed at the end of the other arm adapted to fit within an opening in a bracket on the adjacent panel to resiliently lock the panels in place when the clip is flexed.

Abstract: A set of tiles for covering a surface is composed of two types of tile. Each type is basically quadrilateral in shape and the respective shapes are such that if a multiplicity of tiles are juxtaposed in a matching configuration, which may be prescribed by matching markings or shapings, the pattern which they form is necessarily non-repetitive, giving a considerable esthetic appeal to the eye. The tiles of the invention may be used to form an instructive game or as a visually attractive floor or wall covering or the like.

Abstract: An improved clamp and method for forming a rebar joint in a vertical reinforced concrete body. A split-sleeve type clamp with contraction means for firmly closing it around the engaged end portions of a dowel rebar and extension rebar has a location tab struck from a central portion of the sleeve, projecting upwardly and inwardly at an acute angle to engage the upper edge of a dowel rebar onto which the sleeve is driven. The method includes forming a sleeve type clamp with a location tab, driving the same onto the end of a dowel rebar directly to its operative clamping position, inserting an extension rebar in the sleeve, and contracting the sleeve to complete the joint.

Abstract: A floor mat of the type comprising crossed, interlocking flexible strips which are arranged in grid-like fashion. A plurality of interchangeable design elements are inserted in the rectangular interstitial spaces between the strips at various places on the mat so as to form any desired wording, design or pattern in matching or contrasting colors. The design elements, which substantially occupy the interstitial spaces, are provided with a pair of protruding lugs which interlock with suitably positioned apertures in the strips.

Abstract: A clip is disclosed for securing sound absorbing panels or the like to supporting structures. The clip has a wall plate, a projection extending outwardly from the wall plate and at least two securing members at the end of the projection opposite the wall plate, with the securing members each extending further in one direction from the projection than their extension from the projection in the opposing direction.A sound absorbing system is disclosed and includes a supporting structure, clips, as defined above, attached to the supporting structure, and sound absorbing panels attached to the clips. The sound absorbing panels comprise a sound absorbing panel with a frame extending around the exterior perimeter of the panel, and the frame has a plurality of openings for accepting the securing members. The securing members are placed into the openings to attach the sound absorbing panels to the supporting structure.

Abstract: A glass pane has a broken pattern of dots of an opaque non-reflective material applied to one side thereof. The pattern is applied as a ceramic ink fused into the glass surface in the heat toughening step. The arrangement of dots is such that the pattern occupies 10% to 30% of the pane surface and comprises 30 to 50 dots per linear inch. A squash or like court formed from a number of such glass panes is such that players within the court are not distracted by spectators outside and can follow the path of a squash ball with ease, whereas spectators outside the court, by virtue of differential lighting as between court and spectator area, can watch the activity within the court without diminished vision.

Abstract: A "Wall Member" which comprises an elongated substantially rectangular extruded mono-shell defining an inner core, extruded in indefinite length, after which it is cut to the required dimension. The shell is made of low heat expandable material and contains an insulating material therein. The shell is formed with two vertical faces one of which having a permanent building exterior finish and the other having a permanent building interior finish. This interior vertical face is also provided within its main core, with an adjacent integral conduit therein for horizontal electrical leads. The shell is additionally formed with two horizontal upper and lower faces which are adapted for engagement over one another, such as by tongue and groove. These "Wall Members" are also adapted for connecting their ends which are provided with upper and lower hard surface fins to a structural vertical member such as a Post, window or door frames or another "Wall Member".

Abstract: Siding boards, shingles, shakes, or the like are applied to the wall of a building by use of a tool having an arm which extends upwardly adjacent the wall structure and is temporarily secured thereto, with the siding or the like then being placed at the outer side of the tool arm, and being supported at a predetermined level by a projection extending outwardly from a lower portion of the arm, so that the siding can then be nailed to the wall structure and the tool can ultimately be withdrawn from its position of reception between the siding and wall structure for use in similarly positioning and securing a next successive layer of siding, shingles, etc. to the structure. Preferably, two such tools are employed at horizontally spaced locations for supporting the siding or the like therebetween.

Abstract: An improved method of constructing a building wherein separate pipes for hot and cold water are passed through a floor or wall structure and the opposite ends of each of these pipes are subsequently connected to appropriate water supply and water discharge means. The improvement comprises positioning a loosely fitted plastic sheath over each pipe at the point where the pipe passes through the floor or wall structure so that the sheath is exposed on both sides of the structure, the sheath for the hot water pipe having one color and the sheath for the cold water pipe having a different color so that identification and connection of each pipe to the appropriate water supply and/or discharge means is facilitated.

Abstract: An elongated member made of substantially flat metal stock is adapted to be used as a permanent member of a building structure to fix the spacing of structural members associated therewith, and to this end is provided with a plurality of pairs of laterally-spaced metal flanges located at modular distances therealong, the structural member of a building or truss being secured between successive pairs of flanges.

Abstract: A system for joining and adhering a pair of abutting panels to a rigid substrate and providing a seal against thermal and moisture transfer. The system is comprised of an elongated receptacle member with a base and a pair of spaced vertical elements extending upwardly from the base and forming a channel, to be placed under and between edges of the panels to be joined. The receptacle member is firmly attached to the rigid substrate by fastening means passed through the base. The adjacent side walls of the vertical elements include a plurality of vertically spaced, downwardly angled teeth projecting inwardly towards the center of the channel. An elongated resilient insert member includes a cap and a projection extending downwardly from said cap.

Abstract: A monument marker is formed with a clear plastic outer laminate and an inner concrete core. The space between the outer laminate and the core is filled with urethane foam to accommodate expansion and contraction of the concrete core. The outer laminate is formed in either one or two pieces by casting or blow molding. After curing of the outer laminate, the concrete core is positioned centrally of the laminate shell in spaced relationship to the shell walls. The space between the core and the walls is then filled with an expandable liquid such as urethane foam. As the liquid expands it will completely fill the space in the shell and provide an area of rigid yet yieldable material capable of responding to contraction and expansion of the concrete. Indicia presenting a name or message may be secured inside the clear plastic laminate before filling with the expandable liquid. The expanded material is trimmed to present a smooth base and a sheet of plastic may be secured to seal the shell.

Abstract: A lawn marker comprising a solid member having a smooth or rough exterior surface on four sides, solid of desired shape, translucent or transparent, clear or colored, usually rectangular of an acrylic or methacrylic polymer and having indicia indicative of or desired by the decedent embedded therein, and having a smooth front surface laminated to an acrylic or methacrylic polymer member. Carved indicia is present in either the solid or in the member.

Abstract: An anchoring member is inserted into an anchoring hole in a support structure and has transverse dimensions smaller than those of the anchoring hole, and is supported with clearance in such anchoring hole by means of a cap member of ring-shaped configuration which surrounds the anchoring member at the trailing end thereof and closes the open end of the clearance. The anchoring member is of a tubular configuration and is closed at its leading end, an aperture communicating the interior of the anchoring member with the clearance. A body of hardenable material is introduced into the clearance through the aperture and by means of a shielding arrangement accommodated in the interior of the tubular anchoring member and communicating with the aperture. At least a portion of the ring-shaped cap member is at least translucent so that the introduction of the hardenable material into the clearance can be monitored therethrough.

Abstract: Compressible foamed elastomer pads for sealing the ends of truck bodies at a dock door opening are shielded from wear by corners of the truck ends, by means of facing strips composed of a tough flexible sheet material, such as extruded polyvinyl chloride sheeting about 1/8 inch thick, which are hung loose over and cover substantially the entire length and width of the faces of said pads, have on their upper ends means holding them yieldably onto top portions of the pads, and are confined next to the pad faces yet kept displaceable relative thereto with motions of a truck body pressing against them.

Abstract: Adjustable means for fastening heavy precast concrete panels for walls or floors, structural concrete beams, girders, and machinery to foundations vertically, horizontally, or in any plane. An internally threaded hollow member is anchored to a panel member which is to be mounted on a supporting structure with bolts; the member having numerous fastening points designed into it. Alternatively, the hollow member is placed into a foundation so machinery can be bolted down. An externally threaded hollow member which can rotate through 360.degree. is mounted in the threads of the first hollow member, and is axially adjustable therein, the second member having a tapering hollow interior keyway space extending perpendicular to the axis of the second member. The upper three-quarters of the tapered keyway sides have fine thread-like striations and a tapering internal threaded nut fits into the hollow tapering space, the nut having corresponding striations on its tapering sides.

Abstract: A constructional element of constant L-shaped cross-section formed by two metal flanges joined together at right angles has in each flange at least one row of regularly-spaced apertures extending longitudinally thereof. Each row comprises alternate circular apertures and non-circular apertures, the latter being elongated both parallel to and transversely to the length of the element. The rows of apertures in the flanges closest to the junction are offset with respect to each other so that the circular holes in one row register transversely with the non-circular holes in the other row. By the provision of non-circular apertures elongated in two directions, the versatility of the element when used in the fabrication of structural units and frameworks is enhanced.

Abstract: A method for providing a reference face on the bond beam of a swimming pool during its construction is described. The reference face is then used to secure a tile band around the inner periphery of the pool at the water line. An elongated form board made of expanded plastic foam is positioned against the bond beam at the location at which the reference face is desired, and a line conforming to the contour desired for the reference face is scribed along the board's upper surface. A knife is then used to cut into the form board along the scribed line to define a surface in the form board conforming to the configuration desired for the reference face. The form board has a slit extending along its length from the side face positioned against the bond beam to its interior. When the bond beam is cut from its upper surface to form the desired surface, it is cut to a depth meeting the slit so that a section of the board between the bond beam and the desired surface is removable.

Abstract: A constructional element of constant L-shaped cross-section formed by two metal flanges joined together at right angles has in each flange at least one row of regularly-spaced apertures extending longitudinally thereof. Each row comprises alternate circular apertures and non-circular apertures, the latter being elongated both parallel to and transversely to the length of the element. The rows of apertures in the flanges closest to the junction are offset with respect to each other so that the circular holes in one row register transversely with the non-circular holes in the other row. By the provision of non-circular apertures elongated in two directions, the versatility of the element when used in the fabrication of structural units and frameworks is enhanced.

Abstract: An insert and anchor positioning and locating device is provided for initially locating and positioning anchors and inserts with respect to subsequently poured concrete structures. The device comprises a preselected anchor or insert which is secured to a positioning tab in a detachable manner and selectively employs a frangible material, such as an expanded polystyrene sold under the trademark "Styrofoam". The positioning tab is secured to the styrofoam, when such is employed, and the tab has indicia thereon for positioning the same with respect to preselected places on forms used for pouring of concrete. The tabs are provided with holes for fixedly, but removably positioning the tabs with respect to the forms.

Abstract: Structural profiles mainly in the form of elongate prismatical columns and beams are erected plumb and true on footings.Each profile has guide surfaces which coincide with the surfaces required for brickwork, other building elements and plasterwork.Guide lines are strung between profiles on appropriate surfaces to guide brickwork.Bonding elements on the structural profiles are bonded by cementing into the brickwork so that after they have served as guides the structural profiles remain in the structure as permanent components.Structural profiles are in the form of vertical corner posts, horizontal floor- and ceiling-level beams and of door frames.

Abstract: Where a pipeline is to cross an earthquake fault zone, a trench is dug in the earth substantially wider and deeper than the diameter of the pipeline. The pipeline is installed in the trench in a bed of spherical bodies, which thereafter function during an earthquake to partially absorb compression and shear waves, and to disperse forces acting on the pipeline, whereby the effect of such forces on the pipeline is minimized with the result that rupture does not occur.

Abstract: Two U-shaped clamps which are adapted to be fastened to spaced-apart mounting channels on the rear of a shutter are joined together by a pliable spacer strip which extends between the clamps and spaces them a predetermined distance apart to match the distance between the spaced channels. The spacer strip enables the clamps to be attached to a building wall in position to support the shutter without the necessity of measuring the distance between the clamps. The pliability of the spacer strip enables the clamps and the attached spacer strip to be conveniently carried in a pocket prior to installation. The spacer strip preferably extends beyond the side edge of the clamps to serve as a gauge to locate the shutter a selected distance from the window frame side.