Abstract: A doorframe fastening device facilitating the plumbing and mounting of a doorframe within a door opening comprises an insert including a tube and a flange. The flange is attached to and extends radially from a first end of the tube, which is internally and externally threaded. The insert is insertable into a void in a doorframe that is shaped complementarily to the insert. A nut can be threaded onto a second end of the tube to attach the insert to the doorframe. A set screw is threadedly inserted into the tube from the first end and is selectively extensible from the second end of the tube and into abutment with a framework, which defines a door opening. The doorframe thus is selectively adjustable relative to the framework. A mounting screw is insertable through a channel, which extends axially through the set screw, to attach the doorframe to the framework.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a connective installation structure for modularized windows and doors, the connective installation structure successively arranging and connectively installing, in the horizontal direction, modularized sliding windows, doors, or door windows that form the window and doors of a building, with fixed windows arranged in the spaces between the windows and doors.

Abstract: A floor panel has a rectangular and oblong shape, and includes a substrate and a top layer provided on the substrate and forming a decorative side of the floor panel. The top layer is composed of a print provided on a carrier sheet and a transparent thermoplastic layer situated above the print. The substrate has a thickness from 2 to 10 millimeter and forms at least half of the thickness of the floor panel. The substrate is a polyurethane-based substrate and the transparent thermoplastic layer is polyurethane-based. The floor panel has a length of more than 1.1 meters and has a plurality of reinforcing layers situated outside the center line of the substrate. A reinforcing layer may be provided in combination with the substrate and the top layer.

Abstract: A shimming device for attaching a substrate to a stud wall includes a plate, which has a first edge that is linear. The plate can be mounted to a respective opposed side of one of a plurality of studs to which the substrate is to be mounted. The plate is one of a plurality of plates that can be positioned on and mounted to the plurality of studs so that each plate is positioned at a respective support point for the substrate. Each plate is positioned with the first edge of the plate proud of an edge face of the stud and so that the first edges of the plurality of plates define a plane. The substrate, upon mounting to the plurality of studs, is parallel to the plane.

Abstract: A double egress door frame has a channel-shaped header with upstanding sides connected by a central web. The central web has a first series of slots that are offset to one side of the central web and a second series of slots that are offset toward the opposite side of the central web. Door stops comprise a right elongated channel-shaped member and a left elongated channel-shaped member. The channel-shaped members are attached to the central web of the header by tabs extending from the sides of the channel-shaped members. The tabs engage the slots. Once the tabs have passed through the slots to the opposite side of the central web, the tabs are twisted thereby connecting the channel-shaped members to the central web. A spot weld is used to insure the door stops is permanently locked into position.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for creating openings in a material that solidifies is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a rigid board and at least one rigid retainer plate. The rigid retainer plate comprises at least one buoyancy plate to resist the buoyant force of the material that solidifies, at least one hydrostatic plate to resist the hydrostatic force of the material that solidifies, and a retainer tie. The rigid board further comprises retainer plate slots configured to accept the retainer plates. When the apparatus is in use, the retainer plates are inserted into the retainer plate slots and the retainer ties are coupled to formwork panels. The material that solidifies is then poured into the gap between the formwork panels. Once the material is solidified, the formwork panels are removed and the apparatus can be either reused or thrown out. The apparatus may be used with any material that solidifies.

Abstract: A connection is provided between first and second building structural members, wherein a connector is made up of a stiffener and a connection element, and the stiffener nests within the connection element, and both the stiffener and the connection element are attached to the second building structural member with the same fastener or fasteners, and similarly, both the stiffener and the connection element are attached to the first building structural member with the same fastener or fasteners.

Abstract: A pre-manufactured door buck or a kit of parts is used to install a pre-sized door buck in a wall that allows a standard sized door to be installed. The door buck can include a pair of side members and a header member. Each side member can have an aperture passing through the side member. The header member can have a first end with a first tenon and a second end with a second tenon. The door buck is constructed by inserting the first tenon and the second tenon through the apertures in the side members and secured in place. The assembled door buck defines a pre-determined sized opening in which a door can be installed.

Abstract: A pre-manufactured door buck or a kit of parts is used to install a pre-sized door buck in a wall that allows a standard sized door to be installed. The door buck can include a pair of side members and a header member. Each side member can have an aperture passing through the side member. The header member can have a first end with a first tenon and a second end with a second tenon. The door buck is constructed by inserting the first tenon and the second tenon through the apertures in the side members and secured in place. The assembled door buck defines a pre-determined sized opening in which a door can be installed.

Abstract: An internally aligned insulating concrete form window and door buck that self aligns into the insulated concrete wall forms and it allows for the changing of the face and edge materials when desired, and the use of solid insulating materials with internal alignment elements that fit into the cavity of the insulated concrete formed wall which bonds to the concrete. The internally aligned insulating window and door buck generally includes an insulated window and door buck made as a single insulating element or with multiple components with a configuration that allows for the use of various type of materials on the face and edges of the buck, and have the ability to align to the inside of an insulated concrete formed walls so as no external bracing or strapping or support is needed to keep the buck aligned with the wall forms during concrete placement.

Abstract: An insulated window buck with integrated fastening and anchor elements for a self aligning cut or molded insulated concrete form (ICF) window buck. The insulated window buck with integrated fastening and anchor generally includes an insulated ICF window and door buck made with multiple components with a configuration that allows for the use of various type of materials' on the face and edges of the buck, and have the ability to friction fit to the inside of an ICF wall so as no external bracing or strapping is needed to keep the buck aligned with the ICF wall during concrete placement. Having a firm insulation material component on the internal portion of the buck is an integral part of the invention in that through the use of recesses in the insulation material the fluid concrete can flow into these recesses and make a permanent bond to the buck.

Abstract: A window buck/drywall panel assembly comprising a window buck having a cross-section where the cross-section defines a right trapezoid, where the window buck includes a window buck beveled edge; and a drywall panel having a cross-section where the cross-section defines a right trapezoid, where the drywall panel includes a drywall beveled edge, and the window buck and the drywall panel are secured to one another such that the window buck beveled edge and the drywall beveled edge are in contact with one another.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for framing windows and doors. The apparatus includes buck blocks each having a block buck strip on one side, first furring strip, first finishing sheet, second finishing sheet, and optional second furring strip and buck lentil having a lentil buck strip extending along its bottom. The method includes the steps of laying buck blocks up opposing sides of an opening with their block buck strips facing into the opening, installing a window or door frame in the opening, installing a first furring strip, installing the first and second finishing sheets, and trimming the second finishing sheet flush with the first finishing sheet. The second finishing sheet proximal edge is wedged securely between the buck strip ramp and the frame outer side by virtue of a preferred embodiment buck strip ramp angle of 34 degrees±15 degrees.

Abstract: An insulated window buck with integrated fastening and anchor elements for a self aligning cut or molded insulated concrete form (ICF) window buck. The insulated window buck with integrated fastening and anchor generally includes an insulated ICF window and door buck made with multiple components with a configuration that allows for the use of various type of materials' on the face and edges of the buck, and have the ability to friction fit to the inside of an ICF wall so as no external bracing or strapping is needed to keep the buck aligned with the ICF wall during concrete placement. Having a firm insulation material component on the internal portion of the buck is an integral part of the invention in that through the use of recesses in the insulation material the fluid concrete can flow into these recesses and make a permanent bond to the buck.

Abstract: An insulating fire and blast resistant window and door buck for The purpose of my invention is for a window and door buck for insulated concrete formed walls that provides a core of concrete for fire and blast protection while also providing structural concrete for the solid attachment capability of window and door elements right behind the buck or exposed and flush with the face of the buck. The insulating fire and blast resistant window and door buck generally includes the main elements of my invention includes an insulating window and door buck that allows concrete to flow to the inner face of the fire or blast resistant rough buck panels or to provide structural concrete to the exposed face of the buck assembly while providing structural edge and face fastening through ties with integrated anchoring to concrete.

Abstract: A pre-manufactured door buck or a kit of parts is used to install a pre-sized door buck in a wall that allows a standard sized door to be installed. The door buck can include a pair of side members and a header member. Each side member can have an aperture passing through the side member. The header member can have a first end with a first tenon and a second end with a second tenon. The door buck is constructed by inserting the first tenon and the second tenon through the apertures in the side members and secured in place. The assembled door buck defines a pre-determined sized opening in which a door can be installed.

Abstract: A buck system for forming and framing an opening in a poured concrete foundation includes a plurality of buck sections sized to match the desired dimension of an opening. Each of the buck sections is affixed to an adjacent buck section by brackets forming a closed geometric shape. Each buck section has an inner surface defining an inside dimension of the opening and each of the buck sections has a first channel and a second channel. The first channel snuggly accepts an edge of a first insulated concrete foundation wall of the insulated concrete foundation walls and the second channel snuggly accepts an edge of a second insulated concrete foundation wall of the insulated concrete foundation walls.

Abstract: A window assembly and method of constructing a window assembly is disclosed. The window assembly comprises a base frame assembly, an external cladding assembly, an interior trim assembly and a sash assembly. In one embodiment, the base frame assembly, external cladding assembly and interior trim assembly are constructed from one of three different types of materials. The external cladding assembly may also be snap-fit onto the base frame assembly. Further, the interior trim assembly can include a jamb extension assembly that can also be snap-fit onto the base frame assembly. The interior trim assembly may also include head, sill and side stop assemblies which can be push-fit onto the base frame assembly. Another aspect of the disclosure is a sash assembly that can be assembled as a snap-fit assembly.

Abstract: A thermally efficient frame for use in a wall structure formed using an insulated concrete form comprising an exterior frame assembly having an exterior flange for locating said exterior frame assembly against an exterior portion of the insulated concrete form, an interior frame assembly having an interior flange for locating the interior frame assembly against an interior portion of the insulated concrete form, wherein the exterior frame assembly and the interior frame assembly cooperated to define an opening in said wall structure, and a thermal break thermally separating the exterior frame assembly from the interior frame assembly and methods for using same.

Abstract: Pre-fabricated kits are provided for window/door trimming/casing that are designed and tailored for various window/door openings, architectural styles and/or manufacturers. According to one aspect, the kit is easy to assemble with everything in the box including prefabricated mutually engaging fasteners to allow all the pieces to be fastened together quickly and by hand. According to another aspect, the kit is prefabricated in a prepared and finished condition with all the pieces already painted, stained and finished, so no finishing such as painting required during or after installation. The kit can be manufactured to fit for any type of window/door and opening as long as the dimensions of openings are substantially known. Optional add-ons such as curtain rods, valances, closet shelves, poles, cabinets, shutters and cornices can also be included in the kit in pre-fabricated condition. The principles of the invention can also be extended to other types of molding such as crown molding and baseboards.

Abstract: A window buck/drywall panel assembly comprising a window buck having a cross-section where the cross-section defines a right trapezoid, where the window buck includes a window buck beveled edge; and a drywall panel having a cross-section where the cross-section defines a right trapezoid, where the drywall panel includes a drywall beveled edge, and the window buck and the drywall panel are secured to one another such that the window buck beveled edge and the drywall beveled edge are in contact with one another.

Abstract: A buck system for forming and framing an opening in a poured concrete foundation includes a plurality of buck sections matching the desired dimension of an opening. Each of the buck sections is affixed to an adjacent buck section forming a closed geometric shape. Each buck section has an inner surface defining an inside dimension of the opening and each of the buck sections has a first channel and a second channel. The first channel snuggly accepts an edge of a first insulated concrete foundation wall of the insulated concrete foundation walls and the second channel snuggly accepts an edge of a second insulated concrete foundation wall of the insulated concrete foundation walls.

Abstract: A stay-in-place buck for defining an opening in a cast concrete structure has a plurality of frame members arrangeable in an abutting relationship. Each of the frame members has a panel extending transversely between outer opposed panels of a stay-in-place form-work. Flanges extend from opposed edges of the frame member panel for abutment against outer surfaces of the outer opposed panels. Each flange has opposed mitered end edges for abutment against adjacent mitered end edges of flanges of adjacent frame members. The buck also includes fastener-receivers connectable to the panels of the frame members to form one or more fastener-receiving frames extending at least partially about a perimeter of the buck. Each fastener-receiver has mitered edge portions for abutment against adjacent mitered edge portions of adjacent fastener-receivers.

Abstract: A receptor buck and receptor system for securing a window or door frame. The receptor buck includes a longitudinal rack, a surface of the rack that includes an aperture for accepting a first fastener to fasten the rack to a wall opening surface, and another surface that includes another aperture for accepting a second fastener to fasten the window or door frame to the rack. The receptor system includes the rack, the first and second fasteners, and the fasteners extend in generally the same direction.

Abstract: An expandable frame for a storm door mounted onto the header and door jamb in an entrance, a frame kit, and method of installation. The expandable frame includes an expandable header assembly, an expandable lock-side assembly and a hinge-side piece. The header assembly includes a frame mount and a header stop mounted onto the underside of the header, the hinge-side piece is mounted vertically against the door jamb on one side of the entry, and the lock-side assembly includes a lock-side stop and a frame mount mounted vertically onto the door jamb opposite the hinge section. A user can adjust the position of the header assembly and lock-side assembly to accommodate a door having smaller dimensions than the height and width of the entrance.

Abstract: An assembly for finishing an edge of an insulating concrete form wall includes at least one elongated body having two surface portions coupled together with an intermediate portion positioned between the two surface portions in a substantially parallel position. The intermediate portion is dimensioned for enclosing an end of a side panel of an insulating concrete form block and a portion of the concrete within the wall. At least one of the two parallel surface portions is dimensioned for covering a portion of the side panel proximate to the end. A plurality of retention members are positioned along the at least one elongated body. Each retention member is adapted for receiving and securing a coupling device for coupling to an internal structural support member within the concrete of the wall.

Abstract: A fenestration construction member includes a monolithic frame having a front surface, a rear surface, and peripheral wall extending between the front and rear surfaces. The peripheral wall having an inward facing surface and an outward facing surface. The inward facing surface of the peripheral wall defining a through opening into which is positionable a window assembly in sealing contact with the inward facing surface. The monolithic frame further having a sill pan flange extending continuously around the interior facing surface in a direction inwardly therefrom. The monolithic frame further having a fastening flange extending in a direction outwardly from the outward facing surface. The monolithic frame being positionable in a wall frame having a rough opening defined by a sill, a header and a pair vertical jambs extending therebetween with the peripheral wall extending into the rough opening and with the fastening flange abutting an exterior surface of the wall frame.

Abstract: Pre-fabricated kits are provided for window/door trimming/casing that are designed and tailored for various window/door openings, architectural styles and/or manufacturers. According to one aspect, the kit is easy to assemble with everything in the box including prefabricated mutually engaging fasteners to allow all the pieces to be fastened together quickly and by hand. According to another aspect, the kit is prefabricated in a prepared and finished condition with all the pieces already painted, stained and finished, so no finishing such as painting required during or after installation. The kit can be manufactured to fit for any type of window/door and opening as long as the dimensions of openings are substantially known. Optional add-ons such as curtain rods, valances, closet shelves, poles, cabinets, shutters and cornices can also be included in the kit in pre-fabricated condition. The principles of the invention can also be extended to other types of molding such as crown molding and baseboards.

Abstract: An internally aligned insulating concrete form window and door buck that self aligns into the insulated concrete wall forms and it allows for the changing of the face and edge materials when desired, and the use of solid insulating materials with internal alignment elements that fit into the cavity of the insulated concrete formed wall which bonds to the concrete. The internally aligned insulating window and door buck generally includes an insulated window and door buck made as a single insulating element or with multiple components with a configuration that allows for the use of various type of materials on the face and edges of the buck, and have the ability to align to the inside of an insulated concrete formed walls so as no external bracing or strapping or support is needed to keep the buck aligned with the wall forms during concrete placement.

Abstract: A buck member for enclosing a flanged frame in an insulated concrete form structure for providing additional insulation in insulated concrete form structures is described. A method for using the same is disclosed.

Abstract: An expandable frame for a storm door mounted onto the header and door jamb in an entrance, a frame kit, and method of installation. The expandable frame includes an expandable header assembly, an expandable lock-side assembly and a hinge-side piece. The header assembly includes a frame mount and a header stop mounted onto the underside of the header, the hinge-side piece is mounted vertically against the door jamb on one side of the entry, and the lock-side assembly includes a lock-side stop and a frame mount mounted vertically onto the door jamb opposite the hinge section. A user can adjust the position of the header assembly and lock-side assembly to accommodate a door having smaller dimensions than the height and width of the entrance.

Abstract: A stay-in-place buck for defining an opening in a cast concrete structure has a plurality of frame members arrangeable in an abutting relationship. Each of the frame members has a panel extending transversely between outer opposed panels of a stay-in-place form-work. Flanges extend from opposed edges of the frame member panel for abutment against outer surfaces of the outer opposed panels. Each flange has opposed mitered end edges for abutment against adjacent mitered end edges of flanges of adjacent frame members. The buck also includes fastener-receivers connectable to the panels of the frame members to form one or more fastener-receiving frames extending at least partially about a perimeter of the buck. Each fastener-receiver has mitered edge portions for abutment against adjacent mitered edge portions of adjacent fastener-receivers.

Abstract: A method for installing a window in or within a poured concrete wall is disclosed. The method comprises a kit with at least one window block. It also includes a first spacer adapted to abut a first side of the glass block and a second spacer adapted to abut a second side of the window block. The method implementing the kit includes the steps of erecting a wall form comprising of a first and a second form, locating the kit in between the first and second form, placing concrete into the wall form around the window kit, removing the first and second wall forms, and removing the first and second spacers.

Abstract: The invention discloses an insulated buck system for an insulated concrete form ICF) structure having a plurality of extruded channels, a plurality of foam panels; and a plurality of F-connectors wherein the foam panels are inserted within the extruded channels. Pairs of the extruded channels containing foam in between (planks) are coupled to each other by the F-connectors. The structure of the insulated buck system provides and an insulated seal for the window or door installed within the insulated buck system. Additionally mounting plates for mounting items to the insulated buck system are described. A triangular bracing bracket is also disclosed. A kit of parts is described.

Abstract: A receptor buck and receptor system for securing a window or door frame. The receptor buck includes a longitudinal rack, a surface of the rack that includes an aperture for accepting a first fastener to fasten the rack to a wall opening surface, and another surface that includes another aperture for accepting a second fastener to fasten the window or door frame to the rack. The receptor system includes the rack, the first and second fasteners, and the fasteners extend in generally the same direction.

Abstract: A buck for use with concrete form systems, such as insulated concrete forms and the like, is provided. The buck is particularly suitable for an opening in an insulated concrete form and comprises a main section having first and second ends, the first end for attaching to a first panel in the insulated concrete form, an angle section having first and second ends, the first end connected to the main section and the second end of the angle section for attaching to a second panel of the insulated concrete form, for providing an angle between the angle section and the main section, wherein at least one of the main section and the angle section is disposed non-perpendicularly from the first panel or second panel.

Abstract: A method of installing a window into a concrete wall. The method includes taking a frame and securing a sub-frame thereto to form a buck. A bracing member is then fastened to the buck and the buck is positioned within a concrete wall form. Once the window is properly positioned and secured in the form the concrete is poured. After the concrete dries the bracing member is removed and a window pane is attached to the frame to create a window.

Abstract: A window buck having frame members forming a frame having an opening for receiving a window. The frame members are constructed to enable use of the window buck in the construction of poured walls, block walls and framed walls. The frame members are milled from stock material according to specific specifications and are delivered assembled to the construction site ready to be placed in a wall under construction. A removable structural web is inserted into the opening and attached to the frame to provide structural support during transport and during wall construction. The particular construction of the frame members provides the window buck with an integral sill pan and improves waterproofing of the window construction.

Abstract: Disclosed is a frame member for forming an opening through an insulating concrete form wall having opposed first and second forms. The frame member comprises an elongate member dimensioned to extend between the opposed forms. The elongate member is composed of a natural fiber plastic composite material having an opening forming surface and a wall forming surface and a pair of longitudinal retention fins extending from the wall forming surface. Each of the retention fins has a distal lip portion wherein the lip portions cooperate to form a hollow between the lip portions and the wall forming surface. Also disclosed is a frame for forming an opening through an insulating concrete form wall comprising at least three frame members and at least two corner connectors for connecting said frame members. The corner connectors comprise a bracket insertable into the hollows.

Abstract: A system and associated method for forming a window opening in a poured concrete wall and installing a window therein includes a one-piece reusable window buck having a number of retainers temporarily coupled thereto. An anchor portion of each retainer becomes embedded in the poured concrete wall and after the window buck is removed from the window opening formed in the wall, the window is easily and conveniently installed in the window opening and secured therein by the window retainer and cooperating clip on the window frame without the need for additional mechanical fasteners or tools.

Abstract: An eaves beam with framing which includes an eaves beam with an upper member and a lower member. The framing is comprised of an upper beam and a lower beam. The eaves beam can be pre-attached to the framing, allowing for a more efficient installation.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming an opening in a concrete wall is provided. More specifically, interlocking concrete forms comprising parallel spaced insulation panels are provided for receipt of concrete. Any openings, i.e. such as for windows and doors, are accommodated within the insulated concrete forms by way of a customizable buck. The buck members utilize less material than those of the prior art, and are easily customized to yield a required opening size. The placement of concrete into the form yields a concrete wall with the desired window or door opening.

Abstract: A window sleeve arrangement for positioning a window unit in an opening through an enclosure wall has an interior surface for receiving the window unit and an outside surface for sliding into the opening through the enclosure wall. A first exterior flange engages the exterior surface of the enclosure wall, while a second exterior flange, spaced from the first exterior flange provides a gap for receiving sheathing on the outside of the building. Disposed within the window sleeve arrangement is an interior inwardly projecting flange which serves as a window stop to position the window adjacent the exterior wall of the building enclosure. The window unit is held within the window sleeve by a snap-in-place molding which engages the window unit. Optionally, interior decorative molding is coupled to the sleeve to cover a portion of the interior wall adjacent to the window sleeve.

Abstract: Installation of a basement window system by assembling the window system between a pair of novel window forms releasably secured thereto. This assembly is maintained during the erection of the foundation wall into which the window system is incorporated and the erection of above grade wall after which the window forms are removed.

Abstract: A fenestration brickmould having an integral J-channel formed therein, along with a fastening and flashing flange extending therefrom, such that the brickmould may be attached to the perimeter of the fenestration assembly and may become an integral part thereof. Accordingly, the fenestration assembly, in combination with the brickmould of the present invention, preferably are attached to the frame of the building as a single unit. The J-channel is formed between the flange and the decoratively molded portion for receiving a variety of sidings, including, but not limited to, vinyl, cementious siding, and wood. The present invention eliminates the need for separate J-channel attachments when utilizing vinyl siding.

Abstract: The present invention provides a stud component of a cleanroom wall system that, in addition to supporting wall panels also supports a door, thereby doing away with the need for a separate, standard doorframe. Thus, the universal nature of the wall and door stud components substantially reduces the material and labor cost associated with acquiring and constructing doorframes in a cleanroom wall system.

Abstract: A door jamb assembly having a interchangeable multi-component design allowing for the framing of doorways with different configurations by first selecting a main frame and a decorative trim that conforms with the doorway and then securing the first end of the main frame, being attached to the decorative trim, onto a wall with the use of an attachment flange and securing the second end of the main frame to an interior jamb with the use of a fastener.

Abstract: A system and associated method for forming a window opening in a poured concrete wall and installing a window therein includes a two-piece reusable window buck having a retainer temporarily coupled thereto. The retainer becomes partially embedded in the poured concrete wall and after the window buck is removed from the window opening formed in the wall, the window is easily and conveniently installed in the window opening and secured therein by the window retainer and cooperating spring clip on the window frame without the need for additional mechanical fasteners or tools.

Abstract: A frame is formed of side walls that are extruded from vinyl. The side walls have interior channels. The side walls may be formed to effect a female-male connection between the ends of two adjoining side walls. Alternatively a locking member is provided that is sized to frictionally engage a selected channel. The side walls have a concrete retention fin positioned to extend away from the outer wall of the side wall to interconnect with the concrete as the and after the concrete cures. The frame may be formed into door jambs, doors, and the like. The frame may also be a window buck that may be formed into selected geometric shapes. Window bucks of different dimensions may be assembled on site by sawing.

Abstract: A window buck is formed of side walls that are extruded from vinyl. The side walls have interior channels. The side walls may be formed to effect a female-male connection between the ends of two adjoining side walls. Alternatively a locking member is provided that is sized to frictionally engage a selected channel. The edges of the side members are shaped for abutment to each other with a connector in the channels to hold the window buck together. The window buck thereafter may be placed before the cement wall is formed and is sized to receive a window frame. The window buck may be formed into selected geometric shapes. Window bucks of different dimensions may be assembled by selected sides of different dimensions from bins or pallets of presized side members.