Abstract: A reinforcement mat for reinforced concrete consists of longitudinal wires and crosswires which are welded together at their points of cross. End portions of the crosswires project out beyond the edge longitudinal wires and are bent back in the plane of the mat towards the edge longitudinal wires. The longitudinal wires are arranged symmetrically about the longitudinal centerline of the mat partly at wider and partly at narrower pitch. At each edge of the mat a family of at least two longitudinal wires are provided at the narrower pitch.

Abstract: The load bearing outer skin contains an inner assembly and an outer assembly. Both the inner and outer assemblies include a skin plate member which is stiffened by stiffeners welded to one side of the skin plate member. The stiffeners are located at spaced intervals from each other and are disposed substantially perpendicular to the skin plate member. The inner and outer assembly are placed substantially parallel to each other to form a composite structure having an internal cavity defined by the inner and outer plates. The stiffeners of the inner assembly and the outer assembly are disposed in the cavity at a spaced relation to each other and extend partly into the cavity. A cementitious material substantially fills the cavity thereby completing the load bearing outer skin structure. The stiffeners may be flat steel plates or may have the profile of structural shapes such as angles or T's among others.

Abstract: A construction element comprises a ribbed sheet metal core whose ribs are of trapezoidal cross section, at least partially embedded in plastic foam. Fretwork extends along the tops of the ribs, transversely or longitudinally thereof. Transversely, the fretwork can be spaced metal straps or wooden slats. Longitudinally, the fretwork can be undulant or twisted metal strips. The fretwork can be embedded in the plastic foam, or can disposed outside and spaced from the plastic foam so as to serve to improve the connection between the construction element and a layer of concrete cast thereon. The construction elements have overlapping edges of reduced thickness into which the metal core extends. The ends of the construction elements have Z-shaped members one wing of which is secured to the core and the other wing of which serves to secure the element to a support.

Abstract: A barrier structure comprising a number of spaced apart inline vertical I-beam sections embedded in a road and having secured to the posts a number of form plates having a pair of downwardly and outwardly diverging legs and a pair of upwardly diverging extending arms, which plates have ears turned out of them used to secure the plates to the I-beams. Reinforcing rods are extended through alined apertures in a number of consecutively spaced plates, and end connected side panels are secured to tabs on the side edges of the plates and interfittingly engaged with the bottoms of the plates legs and the tops of the plates arms so that the side panels are retained in a predetermined position with respect to the upstanding plates. Concrete is poured down through the open top of the structure to completely fill the inside to the top of the side panels which act as a form for the concrete being poured, and which side panels are bonded to the concrete and remain as a permanent part of the barrier structure.

Abstract: Modular building elements which form when assembled a network of conglomerate or reinforced concrete as a bearing structure which is also anti-seismic.The modular elements are to be used for constructing flat or flat and/or vaulted brickwork, with or without air spaces. Each type of element is completed by a polyvalent modular element to be used as a single accessory for any corner, meeting point, cross wall attachment, etc. All the modular elements are equipped with groove devices suited to their particular characteristics to ensure that the assembled structure seals in conglomerate in each point, uninterrupted throughout the entire brickwork. The conglomerate network formed by the combination of all the molding characteristic of the modules is made up of vertical and horizontal seams designed to replace the pillars and beams of a reinforced concrete framework. This is anchored to the modular elements, at the same time attaching them to one another.

Abstract: A seawall barrier comprising a relatively massive elongate wire cable reinforced concrete structure with a shank and diverging feet that has reinforcing cables embedded in the structure barrier and being threaded through a reinforcing member at the feet portion of the structure.

Abstract: A refractory component which is vacuum-formed from ceramic fibres and which is to be mounted on the external casing or frame structure of a furnace to form part of heat-resisting lining is provided with an internal reinforcement in those parts of the component nearest the casing or frame structure and by which the component is to be mounted on the casing or frame structure. The reinforcement is embedded in the component during formation thereof and is of stiff open mesh form extending in a plane parallel to the general plane of the part of the casing or frame structure on which the component is mounted. The reinforcement is made from heat-resisting metal alloy, refractory clay or recrystallized alumina and is preferably of channel-section or other three dimensional form to increase its stiffness.

Abstract: A novel metallic reinforcing strip as described for use in cementitious construction elements. The reinforcing strip in one form comprises an elongated unitary strip having a substantially flat central web portion, with the side edges of the web merging by way of rounded corners of small radius into flange portions extending away from the central web. At least the free longitudinal edges of the flanges are inclined inwardly and these longitudinal flange edges have longitudinally spaced rounded depressions of small radius pressed downwardly therein. These depressions cause associated deformation of the flanges less than the full depth of the flanges, leaving substantially undeformed longitudinal portions of the flanges adjacent the central web and outwardly bowed portions of the flange edges between the rounded depressions. These contours provide a double curvature providing maximum membrane resistance within the reinforcing strip with minimum bending or flexing stresses.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fused cast block useful in the construction of steel making furnaces, the block comprising a refractory oxide-based material having embedded therein a steel member which extends over the greater part of the length of the block and emerges from the block on the outer face of the latter, the steel member being embedded in the block in the course of molding the latter and having a cross-section of suitable shape and surface area to impart to the composite block an apparent thermal conductivity at between 500.degree. and 1000.degree. C. of at least 8 Kcal. m./m.sup.2..degree.C. hr.

Abstract: A precast beam for use in constructing a building includes a substantially flat middle portion extending the length of the beam and upstanding sidewalls on either side of the middle portion defining a trough which also extends the length of the beam; the trough is open at each end of the beam and the beam is provided with tensioned reinforcing rods in the middle portion along its length and a plurality of stress relieving slits spaced along the upstanding sidewalls to prevent camber developing; the reinforcing rods of the beam protrude a selected distance from the ends of the beam; a method of construction is disclosed where forms for the vertical components are set in place, the precast beam is then set in place before the cementitious material is poured into the forms for the vertical components whereby the installation and proper orientation of the reinforcing rods of the precast beam and the flooring as well as the reinforcing rods of the vertical components can be obtained.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a construction element, in particular containing plaster, in a plate which includes reinforcements distributed throughout the greater part of its thickness, such that along lines parallel to the sides of the plate, the reinforcements are concentrated in predetermined zone of the thickness and the plaster is removed plumb with these lines which may thus become folding lines to achieve a non-planar element. The invention also concerns a process and apparatus for manufacturing these construction elements. The invention applies, in particular, to the manufacture of U-shaped plasterboard panels for use in ceilings and in building structures.

Abstract: A structural composite panel comprises a pair of filament-reinforced composite facing sheets and a ruffled, corrugated core secured between the facing sheets. The core has corrugations each with an axis having periodic oscillations in plane of the core and with the axis generally normal to filament direction.

Abstract: A pit cover for retaining heat in an open top, ring-shaped, carbon anode baking furnace comprises an insulating cement cast into the form of the cover, at least one metal beam embedded in the insulating cement, and a plurality of stainless steel needles interspersed substantially throughout the insulating cement for reinforcement purposes. The insulating cement has a K factor of approximately 2 to 4, a density of approximately 80 to 100 lb./ft..sup.3, a cold crushing strength in the range of 1,000 to 5,000 psi, and a low iron content, preferably, less than 2%.

Abstract: A building formed by assembling a multiplicity of pre-cast reinforced concrete panels including horizontal footer panels, solid exterior vertical panels, exterior vertical corner panels, exterior vertical door panels, exterior vertical window panels, interior solid vertical panels, interior vertical door panels, interior vertical partition panels, horizontal floor/ceiling panels, and horizontal ceiling/roof panels, the various panels being joined together in side-by-side relation by continuous welds of welding bars rigidly mounted to the reinforcing of the panels, the vertical panels being connected with the horizontal panels by connecting rod assemblies, the panels providing built-in electrical junction boxes and access wiring thereto, plumbing passageways and temperature air ducts.

Abstract: A structural building element in the form of a panel, block or related configuration having a continuous phase of cementitious material which includes an interconnected matrix having a first density and a plurality of zones dispersed within the matrix, wherein the zones have a second density lower than the first density. Reinforcement members may be embedded within portions of the interconnected matrix to impart additional strength to the element.

Abstract: Building components are disclosed which are constructed at a factory and assembled on site. The components include walls employing concrete reinforced steel columns attached to lightweight insulation. The insulation is secured to the columns by use of a wire mesh disposed between columns. Concrete reinforced steel headers are also provided. A roof includes sheet metal decking provided with lightweight insulation and reinforced for rigidity.

Abstract: A construction system comprises a lattice girder reinforcement and a formwork for producing double-skinned concrete ceiling or wall slabs, with two frames separated from each other. The rising reinforcement of the inner skin is bent towards the outer skin so that the top inner skin support edge remains undisturbed and extends to the top outer skin edge. It comprises a reinforced haunched concrete slab each end of which defines a slot through which an interconnecting tie bar extends. Abutting prefabricated slabs are aligned with respective connecting bars inserted into slots and joints between two abutting wall elements. A board with an open hole is slid on the rear end of the connecting bar and bears on the other surface of the wall elements and a turnbuckle at this end bears on the free surface of the board.

Abstract: Reinforced facings, including reinforcing webs entrained in hydraulic cement via a slurry bath, adhere to a nailable lightweight aggregate cementitious core to form a panel web. The reinforced web is formed on abutting conveyed carrier sheets, and the web is transversely cut, between the sheets, while moving or when stopped, in response to sensing of the sheets. The cut panels, on respective sheets are stacked for curing without damaging the panel edges and in a manner to minimize panel flex. Slurry bath, facing applicators, and cutter and stacking apparatus are included.

Abstract: A simulated brick panel and the method of making it are disclosed. The panel has double expanded metal reinforcement and is very light in weight compared to similar articles of conventional brick and mortar construction. The panel is ductile and may be mounted on a wall merely by nailing directly through the panel. The composition of the mixture from which the panels are cast is also disclosed.

Abstract: A precast concrete structural unit is provided including a concrete sub-unit and a plastic resinous sheet. The sheet is adhered to the sub-unit at the time of pouring the concrete utilizing contact adhesive, preferably polychloroprene cement. The structural unit may further include adhesive coated reinforcement.

Abstract: A space framework for building up dismountable ceilings and walls which comprises pyramid-shaped elements each including reinforced concrete slabs with corners connected to steel profiles which are adapted to be subjected to tensile and pressure forces and come together at a joint. The pyramid-shaped elements are at the corners of the pertaining reinforced concrete slabs put together by means of connecting elements to form a space confining surface adapted in its plane to take up pressure forces. The joints at the tips of the respective pyramids are connected to tension members extending substantially parallel to the reinforced concrete slabs.

Abstract: A cementitious, fireproof, wall panel is provided including opposite side faces and pairs of remote upper and lower and opposite end marginal edge portions. At least one side face of the panel has a plurality of generally parallel elongated stud members partially imbedded therein, extending thereacross and projecting laterally outwardly therefrom. The spacing between those portions of adjacent stud members projecting outwardly from the one side face of the panel define outwardly opening channels and insulation panels are snugly received and seated within the channels with the outer surface portions of the insulation panels being generally flush with the outer faces of the stud members. The opposite side face of the wall panel is similarly provided with parallel studs and insulation panels and the latter studs are staggered relative to the studs on the remote side face of the panel.

Abstract: A structural building element in the form of a panel or related configuration having a continuous phase of cementitious material which includes an interconnected matrix having a first density and a plurality of zones dispersed within the matrix, wherein the zones have a second density lower than the first density. Reinforcement members may be embedded within portions of the interconnected matrix to impart additional strength to the element.

Abstract: Compound elements for lining such vessels as storage tanks, prestressed concrete reactor pressure vessels, and other gastight areas for use in nuclear reactor construction. The compound elements have a leakproof, plate-shaped metal base, and comprise anchors, contact elements, and reinforced concrete. The contact elements and base of one compound element are welded to a contact element and the base of an adjacent combination element so as to confine with each other a hollow chamber.

Abstract: A device for providing walls comprising prefabricated elements substantially in the shape of isosceles trapezoid, the elements being approachable to one another along oblique sides, and means for securing the elements to one another.

Abstract: A light-weight modular building component of conventional concrete, formed by a unitary or composite rectangular panel having transversely therethrough at least a large centralopening--and also a set of relatively small openings disposed peripherally thereabout; and various multi-planar structural systems embodying this kind of panel design.

Abstract: A reinforced concrete floor is constructed from a continuous slab defining a major and planar supporting surface. The continuous slab is folded at at least one beam defining path across its planar supporting surface and preferably includes a right angle grid of such folds with downward peripheral folds at the slab edges and downward V-sectioned folds to interrupt the major and planar supporting surface. By maintaining a constant vertical slab thickness and keeping the angle of the folds between 30.degree. and 60.degree. with respect to the major supporting surface, it is possible to nest and even construct a continuous stack of floors having identical overlying structural members and dimensions, such as the structurally and dimensionally repetitive overlying floors of a high-rise building.

Abstract: A deformable clamp is connected to a building parapet, wall or the like which extends above a roof deck for clamping a resilient sealing strip of roofing material thereto thus providing a readily formed watertight seal between the roof and the wall.

Abstract: A hollow cored concrete slab is the product of the method which includes casting a base layer of concrete into a suitable form. Placing precast concrete channel members in transversely spaced relation on the freshly cast base layer with the flanges of the members in contact with the base layer and the webs of the members in spaced relation from the base layer. Casting an upper layer of concrete onto the fresh base layer and around the channel members and striking the upper layer in spaced relation above the channel members so that the upper layer of concrete covers the webs of the channel members to a given depth. The slab is then cured with the channel members remaining a structural part thereof and providing for the transversely spaced hollow cores therein.

Abstract: A reinforced concrete construction formed of a plurality of alternate, integrally bonded layers of epoxy resin-containing concrete and fiber-reinforced epoxy resin. The epoxy resin-containing concrete is a hardened mixture of hydraulic cement, aggregate, water in an amount sufficient to harden the cement, and a minor proportion of epoxy resin. Optionally, short pieces of epoxy resin coated glass fiber can be dispersed within the epoxy resin-containing concrete. The construction can be formed into a relatively thin-walled, laminated article of any desired size and configuration. Also disclosed is a method for fabricating the constructions of this invention.

Abstract: There are disclosed methods of splicing reinforcement across joints of pre-cast reinforced concrete sub-slabs for integrating such sub-slabs to define the underside layer of composite concrete continuously reinforced slabs formed without separate formwork other than shoring for the sub-slabs to define continuously reinforced spans and two-way flat plates, sub-slabs for use therein, joints formed thereby and building structures formed thereby.