With Stadium Or Auditorium Feature Patents (Class 52/6)
-
Patent number: 4995203Abstract: A structure is provided having two opposing nested pairs of outwardly convex roof arches mounted for rotation about a generally horizontal axis. Each pair of nested roof arches can be rotated about its axis from a lowered nested condition to a raised condition where the inner portion of one arch partially overlaps the other arch of the nested pair. In a preferred arrangemnt the arches extend between supports on diametrically opposing sides of a stadium building, which has an upper opening. The arches in their raised condition cover the stadium opening and in their lowered condition maintain the stadium substantially open to the elements. The turning moment exerted by the arches is sustained through struts by floats within liquid contained in caissons forming a foundation of the structure. The floats are shaped and guided to follow a path within the liquid as the associated arch rotates such as to substantially balance the turning moment of the latter as they move.Type: GrantFiled: February 2, 1990Date of Patent: February 26, 1991Assignee: Stadium Consultants International Inc.Inventors: Brian Brisbin, Felim McCaffrey, Peter Sheffield
-
Patent number: 4962420Abstract: A video information system includes a screen (1) having at least two cells (2-5, 14-16) rotatable in at least one direction and forming a three-dimensional multi-plane screen system changeable in space. Information from at least one projector is fed to two or more cells (2-5). Video information is presented in an in-depth three-dimensionally unfolding space. The system also has the capability of producing simultaneous changes in time, and the screen system can be efficiently combined with scenery attributes. The video information can be fed to the cells of the screen in the form of front or rear projection.Type: GrantFiled: January 15, 1988Date of Patent: October 9, 1990Assignee: Teatr Polifonicheskoi DramyInventor: Gennady I. Judenich
-
Patent number: 4942698Abstract: An openable roof includes a plurality of fixed roof members and a plurality of movable roof members. Each fixed roof member is a portion of a sphere, with a subsection removed so as to produce an opening. Each movable roof member is the above-mentioned removed subsection with a further subsection removed. The fixed roof members, constitute the lower portion of the openable roof so that a complete opening results from coincidence of the openings. The movable roof members are mounted on the lower portion of the openable roof in such a manner that each movable roof member moves along a track formed along the rim of the opening of the corresponding fixed roof member.Type: GrantFiled: November 21, 1989Date of Patent: July 24, 1990Assignee: Shimizu Construction Co., Ltd.Inventor: Takenori Kumagai
-
Patent number: 4920707Abstract: To form an audience chamber in a roofed stadium, at least one truss suspendable from the stadium roof and a canopy removably connectable to the truss. The canopy comprises a plurality of parallel, contiguous elongated panels of flexible material. A close-off curtain is suspendable from the canopy when only a portion of the stadium is to be used as the audience chamber.Type: GrantFiled: October 7, 1988Date of Patent: May 1, 1990Inventors: Wiktor Moskaliuk, Christopher M. Allen, Roderick G. Robbie
-
Patent number: 4907793Abstract: In order to provide versatile use for a surface that is provided with a covering of grass or the like, a plurality of bases are inserted in the subsoil of the surface below the grass covering for the support of a supporting structure that is provided with a floor covering that can be walked or driven upon. When the grass covering is used, the bases are covered by inserts that are adapted to be placed in the grass covering. When the surface is to be used for a different purpose, the supporting structure is supported on the bases in such a way as to be spaced from the grass covering. Illuminating means that are mounted on the supporting structure and that produce effects for photo-biological processes are provided for irradiating the grass covering, so that despite the covering, growth is not inhibited. Thus, the surface has a versatile use without having to worry about damage to the grass covering. Conversion is effected in a short period of time in an economical manner.Type: GrantFiled: March 30, 1989Date of Patent: March 13, 1990Inventor: Josef Wund
-
Patent number: 4885878Abstract: An advanced state of the art movie theater whose building is formed in the shape of a spherical geodesic dome. A platform within the dome is spaced upwardly a predetermined height from the bottom surface of the building. The inside wall surface of the building functions as a motion picture screen having an arc of approximately 300 degrees. Six hydraulically operated telescopic legs each have their top ends pivotally connected to the bottom surface of the platform and their bottom ends are pivotally connected to base plates on the support surface. A motion picture projector having a 300 degree fish-eye lens is oriented within the building to project an image on the motion picture screen. Between 50 to 100 seats are mounted on the platform and oriented toward the motion picture screen to accomodate persons viewing the motion picture. Harness-type seat belts would be attached to these seats.Type: GrantFiled: September 8, 1987Date of Patent: December 12, 1989Inventor: George Wuu
-
Patent number: 4879849Abstract: The motion simulation system of the present invention is basically comprised of three coordinated components or sub-systems. The first sub-system consists of mechanical structure in the form of seats, rods, bearings and hydraulic cylinders employed to mechanically convey eight directions of motion to a participant occupying one of the seats. The second sub-system is found in a hydraulic circuit used to convert electrical signals from a digital controller into hydraulic motion signals for the mechanical system. Finally, the last component of the motion simulator is the electrical circuitry which incorporates a projector for projecting a moving image on the screen coupled with appropriate analog and digital circuitry in order to produce a series of motion signals used to individually move the seats in directions which would correspond to the motion taking plate in the point-of-view film being displayed on the screen.Type: GrantFiled: November 4, 1987Date of Patent: November 14, 1989Assignee: Omni Films International, Inc.Inventors: Fred Hollingsworth, III, Julian G. Angus
-
Patent number: 4863126Abstract: A staging system including curtains, for use particularly around a portable stage unit, which includes movable support towers. A base on each tower is arranged to interlock with an adjacent base for convenience in transporting and compact storage. Horizontal trusses are provided to intergage endwise and be supported on and between support towers. For operative use the trusses are supported on the top elements of the towers. For storage, trusses or tubular supports are mounted on side support elements of the adjacent towers. The trusses or tubular supports have rails or slots, respectively, for supporting stationary and movable curtains to enclose a stage unit.Type: GrantFiled: August 1, 1988Date of Patent: September 5, 1989Assignee: Stageright CorporationInventors: Orley D. Rogers, Kenneth E. Staten
-
Patent number: 4854092Abstract: A modifiable floor structure useful in optimizing the configuration of a public hall is disclosed. The floor structure comprises a plurality of modular platforms, each including a rectangular horizontal panel, a pair of box girders, each box girder having a plurality of housings suitable for enclosing a plurality of folded chairs. Each modular platform also includes a mechanism for elevating and lowering the platform which is adapted such that the modular platform remains level and parallel to the ground as it is raised and lowered. A mechanism for remotely controlling the operation of the elevating mechanism is also included whereby the configuration of a plurality of modular platforms may be controlled from a central location. The seats stored within the housings of the modular platforms may be elevated, thereby positioning them for use above the plane of the modular platform. Furthermore, the seats may is configured in a variety of ways.Type: GrantFiled: November 25, 1987Date of Patent: August 8, 1989Inventor: Catherine M. Chatenay epouse Compagnone
-
Patent number: 4831792Abstract: A structure, such as for a full-size stadium roof, which has a retractable central portion capable of opening up about one-half of the total roof area. Two retractable roof panels, rectangular in plan, cover an area that can be larger than a football field, and move in the direction of the main axis of the stadium.Type: GrantFiled: July 21, 1987Date of Patent: May 23, 1989Inventor: Horst L. Berger
-
Patent number: 4821469Abstract: A library structure for housing in an organized and catalogued fashion a plurality of video tapes about real estate properties and related services which includes cabinets and teaser video screens displaying interesting or featured properties to attract potential customers of real estate property services.Type: GrantFiled: January 14, 1988Date of Patent: April 18, 1989Inventor: Gary Bayless
-
Patent number: 4811530Abstract: A portable platform is formed of a plurality of elongated floor support members interconnected longitudinally and spaced apart laterally, the support members having a plurality of longitudinally spaced cross members, the confronting cross members being secured in alignment by interengaging coupling members and the laterally spaced floor support members being secured against lateral displacement by a plurality of elongated locking members interengaging adjacent pairs of support members. A plurality of elongated floor members are supported on the foregoing assembly and are secured together releasably along their longitudinal edges.Type: GrantFiled: January 30, 1987Date of Patent: March 14, 1989Assignee: J V Industries, Inc.Inventor: Jon V. Eyerly
-
Patent number: 4802314Abstract: A roof structure and method of constructing the same wherein a large clear span is built over an existing or new athletic stadium or arena. The principal feature of the roof is that it is supported by Cable-Stays to towers standing outside the stadium and can be built over an existing stadium by cantilevering without entering the stadium, and places no added weight on the existing stadium. The structure includes a beam framework and a roof covering installed over the framework. The covering is fabricated of a clear skylight material to allow sufficient light transmission to permit a natural grass playing field, and it is openable to allow for ventilation.Type: GrantFiled: November 24, 1987Date of Patent: February 7, 1989Inventor: Adam T. Schildge, Jr.
-
Patent number: 4790527Abstract: An entertainment or amusement structure includes a base support, frame structure, elongated walkway supported by the frame and a horizontally disposed cinema screen. A major portion of the walkway is positioned above the screen and enables viewers to see images projected onto the screen. The walkway may be an arcuate form and may be slightly movable to increase the feeling of realism for the viewers. The frame structure may be within an enclosure, an integral part of a building or a skeletal form. The amusement structure is particularly suited for viewing cinematic programs filmed by a wide angle or fish eye lens. A rear projection or front projection system can be used and the screen may be an elongated length of translucent film or material or a plurality of panels fitted in edge-to-edge relation and held by a support.Type: GrantFiled: November 5, 1986Date of Patent: December 13, 1988Assignee: Concord St. George Productions Pty. Ltd.Inventor: Michael R. Browning
-
Patent number: 4783934Abstract: A roof assembly exemplarily for use in outdoor theatrical and musical productions comprises a roof trusswork elevated by means of a plurality of telescoping legs. The legs are raised in unison so that the roof trusswork maintains the same orientation throughout a raising or lowering operation. A clamping or locking mechanism is provided for rigidifying the entire structure upon the raising thereof.Type: GrantFiled: November 21, 1986Date of Patent: November 15, 1988Assignee: United Production Services, Inc.Inventors: Chris Langhart, Michael H. Brown
-
Patent number: 4738057Abstract: The present invention relates in general to a roof construction and more particularly to a roof composed of a main spanning arch or arches above or beneath which other arches or arch sections rotate horizontally for the purpose of covering large areas such as stadiums, arenas, or storage and manufacturing areas, which roof can be moved from an open position where the area is exposed to the weather elements to a closed position wherein the area is shielded from the weather elements.Type: GrantFiled: April 2, 1987Date of Patent: April 19, 1988Inventor: Kenneth C. Logan
-
Patent number: 4727688Abstract: A retractable roof structure includes a stationary section having an opening in the central portion thereof and fixedly installed on a side wall constructed on the ground, and a retractable section for covering the opening. The retractable section includes a plurality of movable roof units which correspond to regions defined by dividing radially from a center portion of the opening each of not less than two concentric areas of the opening. The roof units in an inner area are retractable over the roof units in radially adjacent outer area, and the roof units in the outermost area are retractable with the roof units of the inner area retracted thereon over the stationary section.Type: GrantFiled: October 22, 1986Date of Patent: March 1, 1988Assignee: Ohbayashi-Gumi, Ltd.Inventors: Yukio Kida, Toru Aoyagi
-
Patent number: 4716691Abstract: A retractable roof, for a stadium building, comprising a central arch separating a pair of ungular end segments, one end segment being movable into nesting relationship with the other end segment and the central arch being movable to rest above the nesting end segments, the nesting end segments and the above resting central arch being movable laterally whereby the interior of the stadium is more fully exposed.Type: GrantFiled: February 24, 1987Date of Patent: January 5, 1988Inventors: Christopher M. Allen, Roderick G. Robbie
-
Patent number: 4696133Abstract: A building includes an annular structure having inner and outer walls and a dome roof enclosing building units. An open space within inner wall is covered by air-supported fabric dome roof. Through selection of surface areas, thicknesses, and coefficients of heat transfer, for a given temperature difference the rate of heat flow through the inner wall is substantially equal to the rate of heat flow through the dome roof, providing optimum efficiency of climate control, including minimizing heat loss or gain, therefore minimizing power requirments for atmospheric control within the building and pen space. Preferably, the surface area of inner wall is substantially equal to the surface area of the dome roof.Type: GrantFiled: January 27, 1986Date of Patent: September 29, 1987Assignee: James A. Rhodes & AssociatesInventors: Michael Wren, Paul W. Lantz, George W. Acock, Jr., James A. Rhodes
-
Patent number: 4686799Abstract: This disclosure is directed to a theatre design having the following: a permanent stage; a tiered arrangement of enclosed individual suites formed in an arcuate pattern, each individual suites having an unobstructed viewing area of the stage and each individual suite being entirely encloseable with respect to the other suites; a series of tiered rows of open-air gallery seating facing the stage, arranged in arcuate pattern below the tiered arrangement of individual suites; a first entrances adjacent to, and for, the gallery seating; and a second lobby type entrance for, and nearest the individual suites, separate from the entrance for, and nearest the individual suites, separate from the entrance for the gallery seating.Type: GrantFiled: March 17, 1986Date of Patent: August 18, 1987Inventor: John P. Kwake
-
Patent number: 4676033Abstract: A retractable roof, for a stadium building, comprising a central arch separating a pair of ungular end segments, one end segment being fixed, the other end segment being movable into nesting relationship with the fixed end segment, and the central arch being movable to nest above the fixed end segment.Type: GrantFiled: May 1, 1986Date of Patent: June 30, 1987Inventors: Christopher M. Allen, Roderick G. Robbie
-
Patent number: 4651496Abstract: A method is disclosed for erecting a cable stay roof structure. The cable stay roof structure is intended to be assembled above an existing open air stadium. The structure includes an A-frame which supports a plurality of radial beams via cable stays. A covering, preferably of glass, is mounted over the radial beam structure. The covering can have a partially retractable panels. The load of the roof structure is carried by the A-frame, rather than by the existing stadium walls.Type: GrantFiled: March 25, 1986Date of Patent: March 24, 1987Inventor: Adam T. Schildge, Jr.
-
Patent number: 4642945Abstract: An entertainment structure principally intended to comprise a cinematic auditorium. The structure has a horizontally disposed floor or decking support plate on which seating for members of an audience is arrangable and support means on which the support plate is rotatably mounted. Orientation varying means are operable to tilt the support plate, from the horizontal, in a required direction; while drive means are operable to rotate said support plate on said support means about an upwardly extending axis. The structure also includes a drive system operable to actuate said orientation varying means, and control means operable to control actuation of said drive means and said drive system for varying the angular disposition and tilt of said support plate with respect to said axis. In presentation of a cinematic programme, viewers perception of the action is enhanced by such rotation and tilting being synchronized and in concert with visual and aural action of the programme.Type: GrantFiled: July 3, 1985Date of Patent: February 17, 1987Assignee: Cinemotion Pty. Ltd.Inventors: Michael R. Browning, Evelyn I. Cronk, Phillip A. Adams
-
Patent number: 4638604Abstract: A stage system and apparatus for construction of flat stages, choral risers, and the like which utilizes a basic structural flat rectangular panel module with an edge of extruded material having a re-entrant groove on the outer surface and upper and lower sockets on each side of each corner of the panel to receive support legs fashioned to be received in the bottom sockets. Railing stanchions are provided to seat in the top sockets. In the vertically spaced and overlapping choral risers, the top sockets serve to locate the overlap and mechanically lock the panels in an overlap position. Inserts received in the re-entrant groove interengage with the re-entrant groove of an adjacent panel to provide lateral and vertical stability to adjacent panels.Special leg brackets are provided to engage the bottom sockets of two to four adjacent module panels to provide vertical support and lateral retention. Leg assemblies can be formed as a folding frame to facilitate shipping and storage.Type: GrantFiled: May 7, 1984Date of Patent: January 27, 1987Assignee: Stage Rite CorporationInventors: O. David Rogers, John Bardwick, III, Kenneth Staten
-
Patent number: 4633625Abstract: A pedestal unit has first and second structures each with a raisable and lowerable platform on a corresponding end. The first structure is telescopically nestable in the second and the second structure is similarly nestable in a framework having the platform raising and lowering mechanism therein to define the pedestal unit.Type: GrantFiled: September 23, 1983Date of Patent: January 6, 1987Assignee: Man Gutehoffnungshuette GmbHInventors: Peter H. Dieban, Helmut Ziller
-
Patent number: 4596096Abstract: A scaffold assembly for supporting members of a musical choir in a standing arrangement simulating the appearance of a traditional Christmas tree is disclosed. The scaffold assembly is arranged in tiers of horizontal standing boards rising one above and one behind another in stairway fashion from a base tier of standing boards to an uppermost tier of standing boards. The horizontal standing boards of each tier are arranged to form a segmented arc in a plane which is transverse to the vertical axis of the scaffold assembly. The tiers are stabilized by a plurality of horizontal support beams and upright support posts and a central stanchion. A first set of horizontal support beams project radially outwardly from a central plate, which is attached to the central stanchion, to the underside of the standing boards, and are attached to the respective support posts at the perimeter of selected ones of the tier.Type: GrantFiled: February 25, 1985Date of Patent: June 24, 1986Inventor: Millard D. Heath
-
Patent number: 4526393Abstract: An improvement to the 3-point hitch standardly found on tractors of the type having an implement lift mechanism, including the addition of a joining apparatus which allows the tractor to turn without requiring a plow or other earth working implement being towed by the tractor to be removed from the ground in order to complete the turn. The joining apparatus connects to the load bars of the standard 3-point hitch and includes a pivotable connection located in the middle of a crossbar that connects the ends of the load bars. Tie bars are mounted at the pivotable connection and to the 3-point hitch connection points on the implement. In this way the implement may be allowed to turn and be maintained at an orientation different than the orientation of the tractor.Type: GrantFiled: May 24, 1983Date of Patent: July 2, 1985Inventor: L. G. Smith
-
Patent number: 4512117Abstract: A modular proscenium theatre (20) is disclosed. Theatre (20) includes transverse truss beams (24) connected together by flat truss sections (26) supported on columns (22). Cantilevered members (28) support lights (30). A cross-over curtain (36) is hung from a traveler track (150). Side masking curtains (38) are adjustable longitudinally and rotatably. Other masking curtains and a cyclorama screen (40) may be provided. The framework, the lights and curtains are assembled near floor level and elevated with hoist motors (78) using pulleys (50) and cables (94). The entire theatre (20) may be assembled and disassembled with two people.Type: GrantFiled: August 6, 1982Date of Patent: April 23, 1985Assignee: Interlock Structures International, Inc.Inventor: Fredric A. Lange
-
Patent number: 4497154Abstract: The invention concerns the method of constructing and assembling the component structural elements for stadiums and the like structures, in which method the elements are assembled in overlying layers over the foundation for the structure, with hinged connections between the elements, and lifting certain of these elements, permits gravity to cause the other elements to rotate downward where the lower ends are placed on the supportive foundation, and they are secured to provide a rigid structure.Type: GrantFiled: December 17, 1982Date of Patent: February 5, 1985Inventor: Delp W. Johnson
-
Patent number: 4497483Abstract: A device for dividing an ice-hockey rink into at least two smaller rink parts comprises a plurality of straight sideboard elements (8a) and a plurality of curved sideboard elements (8b). The sideboard elements (8a, 8b) are provided with means (16, 20, 21) for interconnecting the same while forming a supplemental sideboard (8, 9) which when placed across the ice-hockey rink together with the stationary sideboard (1), encloses a smaller rink (5, 7) having symmetrical curved corners.Type: GrantFiled: June 20, 1983Date of Patent: February 5, 1985Inventor: Goran Ahlgren
-
Patent number: 4332113Abstract: The art of building construction, and more particularly with the design and implementation of a specialized room addition to a typical single family residence wherein the addition contains not only the room construction, but also a suite of entertainment systems integrally constructed therein. The primary system included is a large screen projection television and its associated audio systems. Ancillary entertainment systems are included, as desired by the consumer.Type: GrantFiled: February 29, 1980Date of Patent: June 1, 1982Inventor: Leslie T. Moore
-
Patent number: 4306388Abstract: The restaurant dining system disclosed in the specification comprises dining and bar areas, a cocktail lounge, a kitchen and an order-taking post separate from and adjacent the dining and bar areas to facilitate the direct delivery of food and drink orders taken by telephone from patrons in the dining area and cocktail lounge in visual communication with the order-taking person (FIGS. 1-4). A combined piano bar-bandstand straddles the bar area and dance floor (FIG. 1). Variably-translucent panels control visual communication with the dining area (FIGS. 1, 8). Each table has its own speaker and volume control for music playing (FIG. 5). Detachable carpet panels permit the movement of telephone and audio cables coupled to the tables (FIG. 6). A phone protection system signals the cutting of any telephone cable (FIG. 7).Type: GrantFiled: March 5, 1979Date of Patent: December 22, 1981Inventor: Seymour C. Yuter
-
Patent number: 4301627Abstract: A protective barrier (14, 15) for removable installation at the edge of a stage surface member (12) supported on legs (13) and having a framing flange (13, 101), including a guard rail (20, 60), a member (24, 64, 103) for supporting the rail on the stage surface, apparatus including a plurality of hook members (25, 65, 104) for cooperating with the flange to prevent outward movement of the guard rail with respect to the surface member, and an arrangement including a locking member (40, 80), pivotable into an operative position in which it cooperates with the legs 11 to prevent outward tilting of the guard rail.Type: GrantFiled: August 17, 1979Date of Patent: November 24, 1981Assignee: Sico IncorporatedInventor: Kermit H. Wilson
-
Patent number: 4296573Abstract: An audience control barrier for use with an elevated stage, for maintaining physical separation for performers on the stage from an audience on the other side of the barrier. The barrier is modular in form, each module including a rigid panel and brackets for supporting the panel in vertical orientation. Interconnection means on the panels permit edge to edge interconnection of modules to form a stage barrier of the desired width. According to a preferred feature, the brackets which support the panels include a top bracket having an angled flange which may be driven into wedging engagement with the top edge of the panel to hold it in place. Means are provided for interconnecting the brackets which support the panels to the legs of the stage. In a preferred form, the interconnection means comprises a hook plate configured to fit around more than half of the periphery of the stage leg, and a flipper or gate which may be moved to locking position to secure the barrier to the stage legs.Type: GrantFiled: July 18, 1979Date of Patent: October 27, 1981Assignee: Sico IncorporatedInventors: Kermit H. Wilson, Ronald R. Carlson
-
Patent number: 4240646Abstract: Apparatus for use both as a platform for drum-set performances and as a carrier for such a set. The apparatus consists of a rectangular bottom section with two or more side members hinged thereto for raising to a vertical position or lowering to a horizontal position. Castors are attached to at least two of such side members so that when they are raised, the castors extend downward from the bottom section, and when lowered, the castors are retracted above the bottom section. With the side members raised, the drum-set can be placed upon the bottom section, and the entire unit rolled, or carried by provided handles. With the side members lowered, the drum-set can be placed upon the bottom section and side members, and the apparatus used as a performance platform.Type: GrantFiled: January 25, 1979Date of Patent: December 23, 1980Inventor: Donald C. Scott
-
Patent number: 4227047Abstract: A dome structure which is adapted, in a preferred embodiment, to serve as a listening booth for auditioning stereo components. The structure includes at least one curved dome section having side walls which taper from a broad floor-mounted base to a narrow tip which arches off the floor a distance of, for example, eight feet. In the preferred embodiment, the dome section, or a plurality of interconnected sections, subtends an arc of approximately 60.degree., the tip portions meeting in a corner of a room. On the inner wall of the dome section are mounted a plurality of speakers, while other stereo components may be mounted on an auxiliary support structure in the corner. A chair may be provided under the dome, along with a control console by means of which a customer may select various combinations of stereo components as a purchasing aid. The dome structure may be utilized as a general store display, an office divider, an outside shelter, a childrens' play area, or the like.Type: GrantFiled: July 21, 1978Date of Patent: October 7, 1980Inventor: Edward A. Horne
-
Patent number: 4026076Abstract: A portable stage has supporting structure extending lengthwise of a trailer dimensioned for highway travel and provided with a central turntable and tracks leading therefrom to both ends of the trailer. Each of a series of joists has a carriage and the turntable is dimensioned to enable all the carriage to be stored thereon side by side. In a first position of the turntable, the joists extend lengthwise of the trailer and in a second position, the joists extend transversely thereof and the carriage is thus positioned to travel along the tracks and be spaced therealong to enable floor members to be detachably attached thereto.Type: GrantFiled: August 25, 1976Date of Patent: May 31, 1977Inventor: Joseph Analetto
-
Patent number: 3968606Abstract: This invention has to do with a portable rostrum and, more particularly, to apparatus arranged to provide a stage for educational purposes and the like, which stage can be dis-assembled and carried to a remote area and re-erected without difficulty.Type: GrantFiled: August 30, 1974Date of Patent: July 13, 1976Inventor: Odie D. Facemire