Abstract: A concrete surface with a cold joint, dowel slip system and method for forming that surface are provided. Baseplates having tubular projections are fastened to at least one first form using fasteners extending part way into the first form, with the first form forming part of a periphery of a first concrete slab. When the first form is removed, the baseplates, projections and fasteners remain embedded in the first concrete slab. Slip dowels are inserted into the tubular projections and a second concrete is poured adjoining the first concrete slab, with the second concrete embedding the slip dowels, backplates and projecting distal ends of the fasteners and forming a cold joint.

Abstract: A multi-purpose bolt unit for fixing an object to a drilled hole formed in a soft construction structure. The multi-purpose bolt unit including: a cylindrical body inserted into the drilled hole; a front end tip formed at a lower end of the cylindrical body and having a larger outer diameter than an outer diameter of the cylindrical body; an upper thread surface formed in an upper side of the cylindrical body while spaced apart from the front end tip; an elastic packing pipe inserted into the cylindrical body and placed on the front end tip; an upper washer inserted into the cylindrical body and placed on the elastic packing pipe; a compression nut screwed to the upper thread surface and pressurizing the upper washer so that the elastic packing pipe expands; and a fastening screw groove formed inside the cylindrical body and opened upward through the compression nut.

Abstract: A system and process for installing in-ground base and basketball systems allows the systems to be installed without needing to wait for concrete to cure. During installation, concrete is poured and anchor bolts are positioned in the wet concrete, a brace is placed over the upper face of the concrete base and the protruding anchor bolt ends. The brace includes a plurality of outwardly extending lateral legs. The legs extend horizontally beyond the edges of the concrete base and into/over the adjacent ground. A stake is placed through each leg. The basketball goal system is then mounted to the anchor bolts and brace. The brace assists in holding the basketball goal system in the correct position while the concrete cures.

Abstract: A retrofit reinforcing structure addition and method for an existing gravity spread foundation for a wind turbine or the like having a central pedestal and a spread section is provided. The retrofit structure addition includes a collar formed around the pedestal of the spread foundation. The collar is formed by a shape sustaining member, such as a CMP, placed around the pedestal to define an annular ring between the CMP and the pedestal that is filled with cementitious material. Radial bolts extend horizontally through the collar and into the side of the pedestal. Soil and/or rock anchor bolts extend vertically through the collar, the spread portion of the foundation and into the underlying soil and/or rock substrate. The radial and anchor bolts are post-tensioned to ensure that the cementitious material of the collar remains in compression and the bolts are always in static tension, strengthening the original gravity spread foundation and extending the fatigue life thereof.

Abstract: An anchor for being embedded in concrete for attachment to a fastener to support a load comprises a plug having a main body portion extending upwardly from a base portion, the plug for being attached to a form board prior to pouring of concrete, the plug having an end portion disposed a distance from the form board; and an anchor body attached to the end portion. The plug is separable from the anchor body and removable from the concrete after the concrete is cured, leaving the anchor body embedded in the concrete, the plug providing a void in the concrete after removal to provide an access opening for a threaded portion of a fastener to attach to the anchor body.

Abstract: An anchor assembly for being embedded in concrete includes a metal plate including an opening, the metal plate including a top surface and bottom surface; the opening including a wall extending from the top surface or the bottom surface; and a threaded rod operably attached to the metal plate.

Abstract: A method of anchoring a connector element (10) in a receiving object (66) comprises inserting a distal end of the connector element (10) into a mounting hole in an insertion direction along an insertion axis; inserting a sleeve (36) comprising a thermoplastic material into the mounting hole, the sleeve (36) enclosing the connector element (10); and transferring energy to liquefy at least a portion of the thermoplastic material of the sleeve (36). A machine (500) configured for carrying out the method and a connector element anchoring kit comprising a connector element (10) and a sleeve (36) comprising thermoplastic material.

Abstract: A rock anchor assembly includes: a tubular sleeve between first and second ends, having an anchor retaining portion opening on the second end; a rock anchor with an elongate body extending between distal and proximal ends, received in the tubular sleeve with the proximal and distal ends of the body projecting from the first and second ends respectively of the sleeve; a tensioning and locking assemblage on the anchor body between the proximal end and the first end of the sleeve, a forward part being engageable with the first end of the sleeve; and a mechanical anchor engaged to the anchor body at the distal end which, from an unexpanded configuration, expands radially to an expanded configuration. The anchor retaining portion at least partially retains the mechanical anchor in the unexpanded configuration. The anchor retaining portion expands circumferentially to accommodate retracted ingress of the anchor in the expanded configuration.

Abstract: A one-piece, monolithic tile support mount attaches to a roof and provides rigid structural support for a lateral attachment bar or L-foot that is used to hold a height-adjustable mounting mechanism or mounting rail, which is used to attach solar photovoltaic panels to the roof of a roof covered with roofing tiles. A custom-designed, sheet-metal or polymer, aperture-less replacement tile is mounted between the lateral attachment bar or the L-foot and the tile support mount. Also provided is a compact, magnetic positioning tool that provides proper alignment of a drill bit when drilling or punching holes through the replacement tile.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an insert system comprising an insert with a base and an outer skirt extending from the base, thereby forming a chamber. The outer skirt is provided with a first inner skirt surface and a first outer skirt surface. The insert system further comprises a panel with a core structure and a first cover sheet that at least partially covers the core structure. The first cover sheet defines a first outer panel surface and has an opening. At least one piston is arranged in the opening and beneath the first outer panel surface. According to the invention the piston during mounting of the insert sweeps into the chamber to discharge an adhesive agent from the chamber into the core structure via at least one pathway.

Abstract: An anchor holder for concrete decks comprises a body for being inserted into an opening in a metal deck, the body including an outside vertical wall and an opening for receiving an anchor. The body includes arms normally biased extending outwardly from the vertical wall, the arms being collapsible toward the body when the body is inserted into the opening in the metal deck and expanding outwardly after passing the opening to be disposed below the metal deck. A support is attached to the body, the support to engage a top surface of the metal deck to apply an upward force on the body and keep the collapsible arms engaged against an underside of the metal deck when the body is attached to the metal deck.

Abstract: A safety anchor apparatus is adapted for use in installation of a perimeter cable fall protection system at a construction site, e.g., involving concrete or masonry wall construction. The safety anchor apparatus may be mounted during construction of the masonry or cement block wall with relative ease and is capable of securing holding the support cable (e.g., steel cable) in a tensioned condition to meet all safety standards with regard to strength, load etc. The safety anchor apparatus is secured to embedded reinforcement bar extending through a column or rows of cement blocks. The safety anchor apparatus is selectively adjustable to accommodate masonry blocks of different sizes which may be used during construction of the support wall. Moreover, the safety anchor apparatus is adjustable to account for variations in wall design and readily deployable about the vertical reinforcement bar during application of the rows of cement blocks.

Abstract: A glass door construction set in a pre-existing frame includes glass door leaves made of two or more panes of glass, which define a top edge, a bottom edge, and two lateral edges. The top and bottom edges include a top and bottom rail, respectively, to enhance the structural integrity of the glass door leaves. The lateral edges, however, remain free of the typical perimeter framing required on current glass doors to meet the stringent impact standards. The glass door leaves each include handles on either side of the glass leaves that are interconnected to effectively create a structural equivalent of an I-beam. The handles provide the necessary structural rigidity along a vertical extent to meet impact standards.

Abstract: A fitness module box including a box body having an entrance in a side. The box body includes a framework having a structure and a finishing plate structure finishing outer surfaces of the framework. In the framework top frames spaced apart from bottom frames are connected to the bottom frames using side frames. The fitness module box is provided as a modular structure, such that two or more such fitness module boxes can be connected together, allowing the scale of a fitness facility to be adjusted in consideration of the number of users. An operator may have a significant advantage in terms of the operation of the fitness facility. A user may make a reservation for one of a variety of fitness module boxes at a desirable place and time, and may pay a fee based on the time of use.

Abstract: A ceiling anchor point and anchor point system for a concrete deck. The anchor point includes a receiver box attached to the form used to construct a concrete deck that becomes embedded the concrete deck. The receiver box is a partially enclosed structure with a lower slot opening that communicates with an interior cavity. The receiver box includes flange surfaces that attached to the inside surface of a form used to construct the concrete deck. Extending transversely through the interior cavity is a rod with its opposite ends that extend laterally from the sides of the receiver box and become covered with concrete. Attached to the portion of the rod located inside the interior cavity is an elongated connector plate. The connector plate is assembled on the rod and is configured to rotate around the rod and nests entirely inside the receive box or extend downward through the slot opening.

Abstract: A thermal clip attachment apparatus and methods for using the thermal clip attachment with a masonry veneer anchor system are disclosed. The thermal clip attachment may be a composite piece that attaches to the part of a stud that protrudes from an inner structural supportive wall after the stud is advanced into the wall. The thermal clip attachment serves as a thermal break between the stud and an outer masonry veneer wall. Further, the thermal clip attachment also serves as an attachment point for a wire tie, which allows a positive lateral load connection to be established between the outer masonry veneer wall and the inner structural supportive wall.

Abstract: A ceiling system in one embodiment includes a longitudinally-extending support member mountable from a ceiling and a clamping bracket attachable to the support member for supporting a ceiling element. The clamping bracket includes a cavity that receives the support member at least partially therein. A resiliently deformable elastic member has a movable bearing surface positioned in the cavity of the clamping bracket. The elastic member is movable from an undeflected inactive position to a deflected active position in response to inserting the support member into the cavity of the clamping bracket. The elastic member applies a force on the support member to help retain the clamping bracket on the support member.

Abstract: A bracket that supports a precast structural element of concrete has: a first support part that casts at least partly into a support element of concrete; a bracket part movably fastened to the first support part by bolts, the bracket part having first through holes which are penetrated by the bolts, and the first support part having threaded holes for the bolts, the bolts having an outer diameter that is smaller than the inner diameter of the through holes in the bracket part to fasten the bracket part in various positions with respect to the first support part; and a second support part to cast at least partly into a precast structural element of concrete and to support on the bracket part. The second support part has a support plate having a slot with a second support surface for support on a first support surface of the bracket part.

Abstract: A compound anchor and method for joining concrete parts is disclosed. The compound anchor has a rod-shaped anchor body and a compensator component, which has at least one deformable element and is situated to be movable at least axially in relation to the anchor body. A first section of the anchor body is accommodated in a first concrete part and a second section having the compensator component is accommodated in a second concrete part. Openings are formed in the concrete parts so that a blind hole is formed in the first concrete part and a through-opening is formed in the second concrete part. The first section of the anchor body is secured in the blind hole and the second section having the compensator part is in the through-opening. The through-opening is then filled with a cement so that the second section is secured in the second concrete part.

Abstract: A pipe brace for securing a pipe passing through a frame of a wall. The pipe brace includes a structural member including a first wall defining an aperture and a second wall extending from the first wall, the first wall and the second wall at least partially defining a channel that receives at least a portion of the frame. A gasket engages a perimeter of the aperture in a press-fit relationship. The pipe may be inserted into the aperture from either a first side or a second side of the aperture, and the gasket forms an air-tight seal with pipe to inhibit airflow.

Abstract: An anchor for attaching a structure to a concrete structure, comprises an anchor rod having a lower threaded portion for being embedded in a concrete structure and an upper portion for extending outside the concrete structure; an anchor body including a first threaded central opening for threadedly receiving one end portion of the lower threaded portion; and a support including a floor. The support includes a second central threaded opening through the floor portion for threadedly receiving another end portion of the lower portion.

Abstract: A prefabricated concrete pole base and adjustable method of connection and use to receive, support, and stabilize light poles and the like having different hole mounting patterns, securing the pole to the base and facilitating rapid installation of poles while eliminating the need for on-site concrete forms and lengthy concrete cure times.

Abstract: A spacer for retaining a cladding element on a building element in a spaced apart relationship has a constant cross-section in its longitudinal direction. The spacer is an at least substantially hollow structure having at least one external wall enclosing an interior space. At least one fastener insertion path extends through the interior space. The fastener insertion path is capable of holding a fastener disposed therein prior to mounting the spacer and cladding element on the building element. The spacer preferably comprises planar surfaces on opposite sides thereof that are configured to abut the cladding element and the building element, respectively.

Abstract: In a beam-connection member 9, the bottom surface side is a column-connection surface 14 and one side surface is a beam-mounting surface 16. In other words, the column-connection surface 14 and the beam-mounting surface 16 are formed to be substantially perpendicular. The column-connection surface 14 is the site of connection with a surface of the column. A depression 15 is formed on the column-connection surface 14. The depth of the depression 15 is preferably at least half of the main body thickness of the beam-connection member 9. Further, a notch 11 is formed across the width direction on the column-connection surface 14. The notch 11 is to avoid interference with the diaphragm. Near the notch 11, a rib 17 is provided in the depression 15 as necessary in the width direction. The rib 17 is for preventing deformation of the beam-connection member and for reinforcing the beam-connection member.

Abstract: A device for use in the fastening of a panel or cladding to a wall is disclosed. The device includes a base plate, a panel connecting plate, and a connecting assembly that connects the panel connecting plate to the base plate and that is constructed and arranged so as to provide minimal thermal bridging between the base plate and the panel connecting plate through an insulation layer that covers the base plate and the wall while simultaneously providing structural integrity for attaching the panel or cladding to the wall.

Abstract: A mount assembly is provided for mounting a structure to a roof having a top surface. The mount includes a flashing including an aperture; a bracket including a first portion and a second portion, the first portion having an opening and a countersink extending around the opening, the second portion extending at an angle away from the flashing, the second portion including a slot configured to be coupled to the structure; a fastener extending through the aperture and through the opening of the bracket; and a seal extending around the aperture and positioned between the flashing and the first portion of the bracket, the seal engaging the countersink of the bracket and being compressed against the flashing.

Abstract: An assembly includes a structural wall and a composite wall extending in the extension of the structural wall and defining a second section positioned facing a first section of the wall. The assembly includes an elongated traction element received in a first passage made in the structural wall, the first passage opening out into the first section and into a cell made in the structural wall. The composite wall defines a second passage opening out into the second section and receiving the elongated element. The assembly includes a locking member added onto the elongated element. The composite wall delimits an access cavity connecting an outer surface of the composite wall to the second passage. The locking member is received into the access cavity.

Abstract: An anchoring assembly for anchoring a liner of a cured lining material applied in liquid form to metal objects, comprising a fixing device welded or soldered to a metal object, the fixing device comprising a weld element and a fixing element provided with a through hole, and an anchoring element configured to be passed through the through hole of the fixing device, wherein the weld element comprises a weld or solder stud.

Abstract: A bracket system including a bracket for use with a deck or boardwalk system. The bracket has an upper portion and a lower portion at least partially spaced away from the upper portion. The bracket is configured to receive a portion of the deck or boardwalk system between said upper and lower portions. The bracket further includes a fastener extending between the upper and lower portions and configured to urge the upper and lower portions toward each other to thereby press against the portion of the deck or boardwalk system therebetween to secure the bracket to the portion of the deck or boardwalk system.

Abstract: A ratcheting-type rod engaging nut and assembly for releasably engaging a tie-down rod, and including a generally cylindrical body element having an upper cylindrical portion of a first diameter, a lower cylindrical portion of a second diameter less than the first diameter, and a tapered bore coaxial with and interconnecting the upper bore and the lower bore; an assembly of rod gripping segments disposed within the internal bore and surrounding a passageway for receiving a tie-down rod, each segment of the assembly including an outwardly facing surface having a tapered portion for engaging the tapered bore, and an inwardly facing surface for engaging the rod. A cap is disposed at the top of the body element and includes springs for downwardly biasing the segments into engagement with the tapered bore and for causing the facing surfaces of the segments to engage an outer surface of the rod.

Abstract: A NASCA adapter is utilized in combination with an aluminum guide to buttress a mounted storefront frame upon a standard mount. The glass is mounted non-traditionally outside of its normal cavity and instead between the raised portions of the NASCA adapter and the aluminum guide atop its mounting system. Foam tape and silicone sealer are utilized between the raised portions of the adapter and guide to stabilize and lock a pane of glass atop its sitting block. A raised protrusion or installation guide underneath the NASCA adapter acts with the confines of the mounts cavity channel to prevent sideways motion of the glass. The NASCA adapter is locked into the support structure by a concrete screw passing through a hole in the aforementioned; the two members are locked together and to the mount via another screw.

Abstract: A high-strength partition top anchor and anchoring system is disclosed. The high-strength partition top anchor is a dynamic anchor that provides resistance to wall and deck separation during periods of high lateral forces. The partition top anchor is set within a slip tube embedded within the upper most portion of a partition or masonry wall and interconnected with a channel affixed to an overlying slab or deck structure. Foam filler is emplaced within the slip tube and a compressible mat is positioned between the wall and the overlying slab or deck structure to further temper the results of high lateral forces on the building structure.

Abstract: A device (100) for securing a support structure such as solar module-carrier (12) to a flat roof (16) which is provided with a non-bearing insulation layer (24) covered by a sealing strip (22). The device (100) has an upper connection element (150) for the support structure and a spacer member (120) which can be guided through an opening (26) in the insulation layer (24) in order to support the connection element (150) on a roof substructure (17). The spacer member (120) is anchored by a plurality of anchoring parts (28) on the roof substructure (17). The connection element (150) comprises an upper and a lower connection flange (152, 154) between which the sealing strip (22) is clamped. The spacer member (120) is designed as a profile or hollow-profile part which can be cut to length as required and is produced as an extrusion part from a thermal insulation material.

Abstract: There is described an improved multi-piece anchor body for use with masonry over stud back-up walls, the anchor body made up of an inner anchor body for connection to a back-up wall, a separate outer anchor body for connection to a masonry wall, and a separate intermediate membrane flange attachable to and between the outer anchor body and the inner anchor body.

Abstract: A connector member and system is provided for selectively connecting to an anchor of a precast concrete structure. The connector member comprises arcuate members for rotating the anchor into a position of secure interconnection and serves as a force-transmitting device for contacting the anchor and associated features and structures.

Abstract: An insert for embedment in a concrete component during casting, having a tubular cavity for receiving a threaded anchorage member, the tubular cavity having an opening arranged to face outward of the concrete component when cast for insertion of the threaded anchorage member, wherein the insert is externally tapered such that, when the insert is embedded in the concrete component and the anchorage member is threadedly engaged within the tubular cavity, axial loading applied to the anchorage member in a sense to withdraw the anchorage member from the insert causes reactional force from the surrounding concrete to be applied to the insert in a direction radially inwardly of the insert, and wherein the insert is formed of deformable plastic material such that said reactional force in turn causes the insert to exert force radially inwardly upon the anchorage member.

Abstract: The wood deck is made of deck boards and deck board connectors. Each deck board has a lip extending along each side thereof. A pair of wings, a riser and the sole plate of a board connector define a pair of oppositely facing board receiving slots for receiving the lips of a pair of adjacent deck boards. Each deck board is preferably made of torrefied wood. The deck board connectors have bosses on their riser for maintaining a desired spacing between deck boards. Each deck board connector has drainage channels in its sole plate, on each side of the riser for draining any moisture that may seep between deck boards. Each deck board connector also has aeration gaps under its sole plate for drying any moisture that may seep beneath the boards. The wood deck is thereby less susceptible of retaining moisture under or between the deck boards.

Abstract: The invention relates to building materials, in particular to attachment of siding boards, such as composite boards, or fiber cement boards on building siding. A clip to securely attach the boards is disclosed. The clip may be used with our without a shaped foam insulation board. A method to use the clip is also disclosed. Various embodiments of the clip are provided.

Abstract: An expansion bracket absorbs movement of a wall stud to prevent damage to a wall covering attached to the wall stud. The expansion bracket can include a main body having a main body flange, formed of a deformable material, and having a wall stud attachment end configured to attach to the wall stud via a wall stud attachment element. The main body can also have a furring attachment element configured to attach a furring to the main body. When the main body is attached to the wall stud and the furring, and the wall covering is attached to the furring via a wall covering attachment element, the flange is configured to absorb, via deformation, at least a portion of the movement of the wall stud due to heat-based expansion of the wall stud.

Abstract: An anchoring device including an anchoring element suitable for being anchored an object of construction material with the aid of mechanical vibrations. The anchoring element includes a thermoplastic material and a tool. The thermoplastic material forms at least a part of a radially outer surface of the anchoring element, and the tool has a proximal portion and a broadening portion distally of the proximal portion. The broadening portion has an outer second cross-section, the second cross section being larger than the first cross section but being adapted to the first cross section so that the tool can be moved with respect to the anchoring element while the broadening portion is in the axially-extending opening and locally expands the anchoring element while thermoplastic material of the anchoring element that surrounds the broadening portion is in a solid state.

Abstract: An insulation structure attached to a wall having a multitude of anchors projecting from the wall to support the insulation structure includes a permanent refractory layer adjacent the wall and a restorable refractory layer adjacent the permanent refractory layer. An anchor supports the refractory material and includes a first stud and a second stud. The second stud includes a cap connected to a shaft, wherein the cap defines an indentation on a side of the cap opposite the shaft. The second stud receives the first stud within the indentation within the cap. The double layer of refractory material allows for maintenance and replacement of a restorable refractory layer without disturbing or replacing the permanent refractory layer.

Abstract: A mounting clip and a system for mounting a vertical panel from a support member suspended from a ceiling. The mounting clip has a panel mounting section, a support member receiving portion, and a movable mounting section. The support member receiving portion extends from the panel mounting section. The movable mounting section can be rotated relative to the support member receiving portion to secure the mounting clip to the support member.

Abstract: A three-dimensional jacket-plate connector connects at least two members. Each member comprises wide-flanged steel I-beam section. The jacket-plate connector comprises first and second three-dimensional jacket plates.

Abstract: A ground anchor system shaped and dimensioned for secure attachment within a support surface. The ground anchor system includes a primary anchor body extending along a longitudinal axis and including a first end and a second end. A coupling member is associated with the first end of the anchor body. A fastening assembling extends from the second end of the anchor body, the fastening assembly being composed of a plurality of downwardly extending facets, wherein each facet includes a first end and a second end. The first end of each facet is secured to the second end of the anchor body and the second end extends away from the anchor body.

Abstract: A saddle connector, having an inverted channel, engages a bulb of a beam in the grid of a suspended ceiling. The channel has hardened teeth staggered along the opposing walls of the channel. The teeth are forced into the bulb of the beam, one at a time, by the full force exerted by hand operated pliers.

Abstract: A mounting adapter for attaching an object to a flat surface includes an anchor plate having a plurality of first apertures extending therethrough. Each first aperture is configured to receive a first elongated fastener having a length sufficient to fasten to a support structure located beneath the surface for attaching the anchor plate thereto. A plurality of threaded apertures is formed in the anchor plate. A cover plate is positioned over the anchor plate and has a plurality of third apertures that align with the plurality of threaded apertures in the anchor plate. A threaded fastener extends through each third aperture and is threadedly engaged with the second threaded apertures of the anchor plate for securely attaching the cover plate to the anchor plate. One or more fourth apertures are formed in the cover plate and configured to receive a third fastener for attaching the object to the mounting adapter.

Abstract: The invention relates to a mounting device (1) for mounting covering elements (7), such as baseboards, door jamb casings or panels, onto a building surface, said device (1) having a rear side portion (11) configured for being mountable to said building surface, and including a bistable snap catch (2, 3) having a peripheral edge (3?), the bistable snap catch (2, 3) being adapted for assuming a natural first configuration wherein said peripheral edge (3?) is closer to said rear side portion (11) and a natural second configuration wherein said peripheral edge (3?) is farther away from said rear side portion (11). The invention relates also to a building kit comprising said mounting device (1) and a building surface covering element (7), such as a wooden base-board, door jamb casing or panel, and to a method for mounting this building kit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to both a proceeding and means for, in connection with hole making in a wall (1), for the mounting of items on the moisture-proof walls (1) of a wet area by means of an expandable mounting element (2), providing sealing of the hole. According to the invention, in addition to an expansion (I) of the mounting element (2) behind said wall (1), there is also provided an internal expansion (II) of the mounting element (2) in the receiving hole (3) of the mounting element (2) in question in the wall (1). There is furthermore provided a liquid-proof cover (III) around the entire mounting element (2) in question introduced and expanding in said receiving hole (3).

Abstract: A three-dimensional jacket-plate connector connects at least two members. Each member comprises wide-flanged steel I-beam section. The jacket-plate connector comprises first and second three-dimensional jacket plates.

Abstract: The present invention provides a clip having a general T-shape. The clip may be mounted to a deck board structure for engagement with a joist. The clip may include a base for mounting to a structure, such as a deck board, and barbs located on the base. The clip may also include a pair of supporting arms having clamping tabs with barbs. The barbs of the base and the clamping tabs may grip onto a joist. The clip may also include an aperture that is capable of connecting the base to the deck board. Once assembled with the deck board and joist, the clip may remain completely hidden from view after deck completion.