Abstract: Flame retardant polyurethane foams are produced by mixing and reacting a polyol, a low molecular weight compound with 1 or more active hydrogen, an organic polyisocyanate and an acidic boron compound in the presence of an organo-metal urethane catalyst.The flame-retardant polyurethane foam may be used for thermal and sound insulation, for cushioning and for molding useful objects.

Abstract: A fire resistant resin for use as a binder in reinforced plastics and a resultant reinforced plastic includes the reaction product of (a) at least one resorcinol component selected from the group consisting of resorcinol and resorcinol formaldehyde novolak resin, and (b) a phenolic resole resin. The reaction may be achieved in the presence of an alkaline catalyst.A method of making a fire resistant resin binder for reinforced plastics and the method of making such reinforced plastics including, (a) at least one resorcinol component selected from the group consisting of resorcinol and resorcinol formaldehyde novolak resin, and (b) a phenolic resole resin. The reaction may be achieved in the presence of an alkaline catalyst.

Abstract: A fire retardant flexible polyurethane foam and method for its production are provided. The foam is prepared by reacting in the presence of a metallic catalyst and a non-metallic catalyst (a) a polyol having a molecular weight between about 1000 and about 9000; (b) a polyisocyanate; (c) a cross-linking agent; (d) a foaming agent; (e) a surfactant; (f) a halogenated hydrocarbon; (g) melamine powder; (h) antimony oxide; and (i) sodium borate.

Abstract: Stable flame-retardant polyol-oxidated silicon-acidic boron emulsions are produced by mixing and reacting a liquid organic polyol, and oxidated silicon compound and an acidic boron compound. This flame-retardant emulsion is useful in the production of flame-retardant polyurethane, polyester and polyesteramide products.

Abstract: Flame-retardant polyurethane products are produced by mixing a basic salt-forming compound with an acidic salt-forming compound containing boron compounds in a polyol and/or a polyisocyanate, then reacting the polyol and polyisocyanate.The flame-retardant polyurethane products may be used for thermal and sound insulation, as a coating agent, as an adhesive, for caulking, for cushioning and for molding useful objects.

Abstract: Novel polyurethane resin foam compositions are provided which are only water-blown and require no halocarbon blowing agents, yet suffer no degradation in physical properties. The formulations include a hydrated salt containing at least two hydrated salts that release water at a temperature above 80.degree. C. By using at least an acidic salt and a basic salt, the pH of the salt system may be balanced. A preferred hydrated salt system is a combination of borax (sodium tetraborate decahydrate) and alum (aluminum potassium sulfate dodecahydrate).

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition comprising a combustible material containing urethane linkages; and as a smoke and toxic gas suppressant, a polyester which has an acid value below 30 mg KOH/g, preferably below 10 mg KOH/g, and which is derived from:Ia.[A] a component which contains 4 carboxyl groups or anhydride thereof, and which is preferably an aromatic component, orIb. a mixture of [A] and [B]:[B] one or more components which contain 2 to 12, preferably 2 to 4, carboxyl groups or 1 to 6, preferably 1 or 2, carboxylic anhydride groups, selected from:[B.sub.1 ] an aliphatic carboxylic acid compnent containing 2-16 carbon atoms; [[B.sub.2 ] a cyclic non-aromatic carboxylic acid containing 7-17 carbon atoms; and[B.sub.3 ] an aromatic carboxylic acid containing 8-16 carbon atoms; andII.

Abstract: Sterically hindered cyclic amines which are substituted by a photoactivatable acyl group at the basic nitrogen atom can be deacylated by irradiation with UV light. This is advantageous if the basicity of the amines proves troublesome during application. Examples of such photoactivatable acyl groups are phenylglyoxyl, phenylacetyl or naphthylacetyl groups.

Abstract: A class of modified hydrophilic prepolymers and polymers is disclosed which are characterized by their specific reactivity. Isocyanate-capped oxyethylene-based prepolymers are modified by reacting with a compound having an isocyanate-reactive group which is a sulfhydryl group, an amino group, a hydroxyl group or a carboxyl group, and a non-isocyanate-reactive group, in quantities sufficient to modify at least a portion of the isocyanate groups of the prepolymer. Where said first functional group is an amino group contained in a diamine or polyamine compound or is a carboxyl group, the modifying compound is present in quantities sufficient to modify all or substantially all of the isocyanate groups of the prepolymer.

Abstract: A flexible highly elastical polyurethane foam having a density ranging between 25 and 150 kg/m.sup.3 and a relatively high fire resistance obtained by the reaction of an isocyanate and/or a chemically modified derivate thereof with a highly molecular reactive polyol in presence of a catalytic agent, of a cross-linker, and/or an extender, of water as blast means and of a fire retardant, characterized in that said fire retardant comprises at least one of the following components: (1) linear urea-formol oligomer mixture having the general formula NH.sub.2 --CO--NH--[CH.sub.2 --NH--CO--NH].sub.n --CH.sub.2 --NH--CO--NH.sub.

Abstract: A reaction product is formed from a tertiary amine and an acid mixture of (i) boric acid and (ii) a carboxylic acid. The reaction components are generally used in quantities such that the molar ratio of tertiary amine to acid mixture is from 1:0.1 to 1:10. The molar ratio of the boric acid to the carboxylic acid in the acid mixture is generally from 1:100 to 1:0.01. These reaction products are particularly useful as catalysts in the production of isocyanate addition products.

Abstract: New intumescent materials can be obtained by reacting polyisocyanates with phosphorus-containing condensation products containing at least two hydroxyl groups, and boron oxides and/or dehydration products of boric acid. They may be used for the production of coatings and building elements.

Abstract: A flame-retardant polymer is created by forming a first resin typically by reacting resorcinol with furfural in a ratio of one mole of the former to less than a mole of the latter in the presence of an alkaline catalyst. A resole is then formed by reacting typically phenol with formaldehyde in a ratio of one mole of phenol to more than a mole of the aldehyde in the presence of an alkaline catalyst. The first resin and resole are mixed together with a powered oxyborate compound such as zinc borate and allowed to polymerize to form the polymer.

Abstract: Polydiorganosiloxane compositions useful for producing flame resistant foam of the type containing finely divided nonmetallic fibrous heat resistant material and finely divided nonmetallic cellular heat resistant material tend to separate upon long time storage. The compositions remain homogeneous upon storage when at least 0.1 weight percent of fume silica is included in the composition during the mixing of the ingredients before storage.

Abstract: The invention relates to foams for insulating cavities and structures, such as spaces between walls in houses. The inventive foam compositions are prepared in separate portions, generally comprising (A) cement and (B) foam. Air is added initially to foam one of the components or a mixture of components.In a first embodiment, the first component comprises an aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol and a dispersant. This component is mechanically foamed by injection of air, for example. After the mechanical foaming a second, cement component is added to the first component. This second component comprises an aqueous solution, mixture or suspension of magnesium oxide and barium metaborate, and a dispersant.In a second, preferred embodiment, the first component comprises an aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol and calcium chloride, which component is mechanically foamed by injection of air.

Abstract: Flexible polyurethane foams are used for a wide variety of applications including upholstery and bedding. Unfortunately polyurethane foams are inherently flammable. The invention overcomes this problem by using expandable graphite in the polyurethane foam-forming reaction mixture to improve the burning characteristics of the final foam. Expandable graphite is graphite containing one or more exfoliating agents so that considerable expansion will occur at high temperatures.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing water-blown, flexible polyurethane foams for improved foam stability and molded water-blown, flexible polyurethane foams that are rapidly demoldable with improved green strength. The process involves the use of certain compounds ("foam modifiers") as hereinafter more specifically defined. The foam modifiers consist of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal ion and an anion of a Bronsted acid having a pKa of greater than 1 (other than: (a) an inorganic alkaline earth metal salt that has a water solubility of less than one gram of salt per 100 milliliters of water at 25.degree. C., (b) alkali metal dihydrogen phosphate and (c) alkali metal sulphate).

Abstract: Process for the preparation of cellular products and laminates based on anhydrous furan prepolymers which possess free OH groups, which is carried out at normal temperature using small amounts of silicon tetrachloride and/or phosphorus oxychloride as the crosslinking and expansion agent, characterised in that a combination of a furfuryl alcohol resin and/or a furfural/phenol (phenol and/or bisphenol A) resin with a bishydroxymethylfuran resin is used as the furan prepolymers, without the use of an acid, the silicon tetrachloride and/or phosphorus oxychloride being used in amounts of 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on the resin employed.

Abstract: Reinforced cellular or noncellular molded polyurethane parts are prepared by heating a mixture of reinforcing materials and a heat-curable composition of polyisocyanates and polyols in an open or closed mold, said composition being storage-stable at room temperature and containing, optionally, auxiliaries and additives. In said composition, the polyisocyanate is dispersed in the form of discreet particles having particle diameters from 0.1 to 150 .mu.m in the polyol and the polyisocyanate particles are deactivated on their surfaces such that from 0.01 to 20 equivalent percent of the total available isocyanate groups are deactivated and such that the ratio of free isocyanate groups to hydroxyl groups is from 0.7:1 to 2.5:1.The polyurethane molded parts are suitable for use as self-supporting trim parts, reinforcement parts, or molded parts for various applications.

Abstract: A molded polyurethane foamed shape has finely ground dry fire-retardant particles containing a volatile active fire-retardant component which releases fire-retardant gas when exposed to fire and distributed throughout the shape and encapsulated by the polyurethane so as to protect the component against evaporation until exposed by initial burning of the shape.

Abstract: Quaternary ammonium borohydrides of the formula ##STR1##wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 may be the same or different and each is selected from alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkaryl and aralkyl groups and R.sup.4 is selected from alkyl and alkenyl groups having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, with the proviso that R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are not all alkyl or that R.sup.1, R.sup.2 or R.sup.3 is not benzyl when the remainder of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are all methyl or ethyl. The new borohydrides are prepared by either mixing a borohydride salt and a quaternary ammonium salt in alkaline aqueous solution and extracting the resulting quaternary amine borohydride with an organic solvent or by reacting finely divided borohydride salt with an organic solution of quaternary ammonium salt. The new compounds are used for foaming polyester resins.

Abstract: There is disclosed a non-flammable rigid foam on the basis of phenolic resin and furane resin, containing aluminum hydroxide and further components as a filler system. The weight ratio of resin substance:filler substance is at least 1:2.5 and up to 1:3.2 and the bulk density is from 50 kg/m.sup.3 to 450 kg/m.sup.3. The resin compound is the reaction product obtained by the reaction with one another of50-62 weight parts resolic resin0-15 weight parts furanic resin25-40 weight parts furfuryl alcohol0.5-1.

Abstract: Polyurethane foams which may be rendered flame resistant by the addition of flame retardants are produced by reaction between a carbohydrate, a polyisocyanate and water in the presence of a suitable surfactant and polyurethane forming catalyst.

Abstract: The non-flammable rigid foam e.g. used as a building material complies with the requirements of DIN 4102 and which provides a non-toxicity of the combustion fumes according to DIN 53436. It has a mass ratio of resin component: filler of at least 1:2.5 and a bulk density amounting to 50 kg/m.sup.3 to 450 kg/m.sup.3. The resin component is formed by reaction of50-62 mass parts resolic resin0-15 mass parts furane resin25-40 mass parts furfuryl alcohol0.5-11.5 mass parts foam stabilizerincluding 14-17 mass parts per 100 mass parts of resin component plus filler of a curing agent mixture of phosphoric acid, boronhydrofluoric acid, p-toluene sulphonic acid and water. The filler used is a mixture of40-55 mass % aluminium hydroxide10-35 mass parts boric acid2-7 mass parts sodium tetraborate5-10 mass parts manganese dioxide1-5 mass parts copper-II-oxide1-4 mass parts magnesium hydroxysilicate1-2 mass parts aluminium silicate.

Abstract: Quaternary ammonium borohydrides of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 may be the same or different and each is selected from alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkaryl and aralkyl groups and R.sup.4 is selected from alkyl and alkenyl groups having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, with the proviso that R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are not all alkyl or that R.sup.1, R.sup.2 or R.sup.3 is not benzyl when the remainder of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are all methyl or ethyl. The new borohydrides are prepared by either mixing a borohydride salt and a quaternary ammonium salt in alkaline aqueous solution and extracting the resulting quaternary amine borohydride with an organic solvent or by reacting finely divided borohydride salt with an organic solution of quaternary ammonium salt. The new compounds are used for foaming polyester resins.

Abstract: A method of preparing a polyimide foam which includes the steps of: preparing, foaming, and curing a precursor containing at least one alkyl ester of 3,3'4,4'-benzophenonetetracarboxylic acid; a meta- or para-substituted aromatic diamine; a heterocyclic diamine; an aliphatic diamine; and a solid blowing agent. The blowing agent is added to said precursor in a concentration which is sufficient to effect at least one of the following attributes of the foam: cell size, proportion of open cells, cell density, and indentation load deflection.

Abstract: A molded polyurethane foamed shape has finely ground dry fire-retardant particles containing a volatile active fire-retardant component which releases fire-retardant gas when exposed to fire and distributed throughout the shape and encapsulated by the polyurethane so as to protect the component against evaporation until exposed by initial burning of the shape.

Abstract: The non-flammable rigid foam e.g. used as a building material complies with the requirements of DIN 4102 and which provides a non-toxicity of the combustion fumes according to DIN 53436. It has a mass ratio of resin component:filler of at least 1:2,5 and a bulk density amounting to 50 kg/m.sup.3 to 450 kg/m.sup.3. The resin component is formed by reaction of50-62 mass parts resolic resin,0-15 mass parts furane resin,25-40 mass parts furfuryl alcohol,0,5-11,5 mass parts foam stabilizer including 14-17 mass parts per 100 mass parts of resin component plus filler of a curing agent mixture of phosphoric acid, boronhydrofluoric acid, p-toluene sulphonic acid and water. The filler used is a mixture of40-55 mass % aluminium hydroxide10-35 mass parts boric acid2-7 mass parts sodium tetraborate5-10 mass parts manganese dioxide1-5 mass parts kopper-II-oxide1-4 mass parts magnesium hydroxysilicate1-2 mass parts aluminium silicate.

Abstract: Aminoplast resin is prepared by reacting urea or melamine with formaldehyde in the presence of a stabilizer compound. Dispersions of the resin in a polyol reacted with a polyisocyanate produce polyurethane products having low flammability properties.

Abstract: The specification discloses a fire retardant composition, a plastic based thereon, a process making for same and a building component based thereon wherein the fire retardant comprises chemicals which when added to the plastic resin composition will undergo fractional, endothermic reactions under the action of high temperatures. The most preferred chemicals disclosed in the specification, and their proportions relative to one another, comprise from about 2 to about 10% by weight of ammonium polyphosphate, from about 10 to about 50% by weight of monoammonium phosphate, from about 4 to about 12% by weight of anhydrous borax, from about 12 to about 40% by weight of borax, and from about 12 to about 40% by weight of a urea polymer, preferably melamine. Other additives may be included and are disclosed in the specification.

Abstract: Cured polyorganosiloxane foams exhibiting a uniquely high resistance to burn-through and disintegration when exposed to flames contain at least 0.1% by weight each, based on the weight of said foam, of at least one finely divided nonmetallic fibrous heat resistant material, at least one finely divided nonmetallic cellular heat resistant material, and at least 5 ppm of platinum in elemental or chemically combined form. The total concentration of heat resistant materials should not exceed 40%, based on the weight of the foam. This invention also provides a method for preparing flame retardant polyorganosiloxane foams.

Abstract: Compositions for producing unsaturated polyester foams comprising sodium borohydride for curing the composition in conjunction with an organic peroxide catalyst, and for producing hydrogen gas as the foaming agent. The compositions which are simple and safe to prepare produce high quality foams.

Abstract: A continuous process for manufacturing quick-setting phenolic foams is improved by using as the hardening agent a concentrated, substantially anhydrous solution of boron trioxide, and using as the blowing agent an organic liquid having a boiling point of 20.degree.-80.degree. C. Curing times are shortened and the resultant foam, having uniformly molecularly dispersed therein about 0.25-10.5% by weight of boron, calculated as boric anhydride, has substantially uniform cells, improved fire resistance characteristics and superior mechanical properties.

Abstract: Polyurethane foams which may be rendered flame resistant by the addition of flame retardants are produced by reaction between a carbohydrate, a polyisocyanate and water in the presence of a suitable surfactant and polyurethane forming catalyst.

Abstract: Alkali metal borohydride concentrates are prepared by dry blending alkali metal borohydride powder with a dry non-reactive plastic resin, melting and extruding the blended mixture to form an encapsulated alkali metal borohydride concentrate, and then chopping the extrusion into pellets. The pellet concentrate may then be blended into other materials.

Abstract: A method of preparing a flame-retardant benzylic-ether phenolic modified foam product and the resulting foam product produced thereby, which method comprises reacting and mixing benzylic-ether phenol-formaldehyde resin, having a hydroxyl number of from about 400 to 600, with from about 50 to 150 parts by weight of a boric-acid catalyst to each 100 parts of the resin, optionally in the presence of melamine, to form a resin prepolymer, and, thereafter, reacting the prepolymer so formed, in the presence of a blowing agent and an organometal catalyst, with a methylene diisocyanate in an exothermic reaction, to provide a nonfriable, substantially closed-cell, flame-retardant benzylic-ether phenolic modified foam product characterized by substantially acid methylene linkages in the resulting thermosetting foam product.

Abstract: Unsaturated polyester foams having fine and uniform cells are prepared at an atmospheric temperature from an admixture which comprises in combination a liquid unsaturated polyester resin, a hydrazide compound, a cobalt compound and a powdered inorganic compound selected from the group consisting of percarbonates, perborates and perphosphates.

Abstract: Flexible polyurethane foams are described which are the product of reaction under foam producing conditions of a combination of (a) an aromatic polyisocyanate; (b) a polyether polyol with the optional use of a minor amount of a cross-linking polyol; (c) antimony oxide; (d) a polyhalogenated aromatic compound; and (e) a hydrated inorganic salt.The foams have flame retardant properties superior to those of the prior art while at the same time having physical properties equal or superior to the prior art materials. Accordingly, the foams of the invention meet very stringent tests for fire retardance required of seat cushioning, mattresses, and like materials in aircraft, institutions such as hospitals, convalescent homes, and the like.

Abstract: Flame retardant polymer resins formed by an acid condensation reaction from a mixture of resorcinol and furfural with a molar excess of the aldehyde. In one particular embodiment the resin is formed of a mixture of two prepolymer solutions with at least a boric acid catalyst, one or both of the prepolymer solutions being an acid-condensation reaction product of resorcinol and furfural with excess aldehyde functionality, or one of the prepolymers being a mix of substantially unreacted resorcinol and furfural with a slight molar excess of aldehyde.

Abstract: A low reactive pressure flame-retardant polyurethane foam made by reacting together a polymeric isocyanate, a polyol, an aqueous solution of a carbohydrate, calcium acid phosphate, sodium aluminum sulfate, sodium bicarbonate, and a flame retardant. A blowing agent may be present.

Abstract: Flame retardant polymer resins formed by an acid condensation reaction from a mixture of resorcinol and furfural with a molar excess of the aldehyde. In one particular embodiment the resin is formed of a mixture of two prepolymer solutions with at least a boric acid catalyst, one or both of the prepolymer solutions being an acid-condensation reaction product of resorcinol and furfural with excess aldehyde functionality, or one of the prepolymers being a mix of substantially unreacted resorcinol and furfural with a slight molar excess of aldehyde.

Abstract: An improved process for the production of thermoset foams having a predetermined shape by subjecting a reactive amine to a condensation reaction in an enclosed mould cavity, wherein the reaction is carried out under conditions whereby by-product water found during the reaction is substantially free to move out into a space adjacent to and in communication with said foam, and controlling the temperature and care of said foam by regulation of the web bulb temperature of the gaseous mass inside said space. Foam products made in accordance with the process of the invention, e.g. urea-formaldehyde furfuryl alcohol-based insulating foams, are also claimed.

Abstract: A method for producing stable urea-formaldehyde polymers which have reduced aldehyde vapor emissions during their production and use is disclosed, such urea-formaldehyde polymers particularly useful in the production of urea-formaldehyde insulating foam and as adhesives in the production of plywood and particleboard. An alkali or alkaline earth metal borohydride is added to the urea-formaldehyde resin solution prior to or during cure thereof. The boroydride reacts with free formaldehyde in the resin solution or any free formaldehyde subsequently generated in the resin due to hydrolytic break down. The amount of borohydride added the resin solution should be sufficient to reduce the emission of free formaldehyde therefrom.

Abstract: A method for producing a phenol foam plastic, consisting in that polycondensation of phenols with formaldehyde is conducted with simultaneous foaming and curing in the presence of a foaming agent and an acid or alkaline catalyst. Used as the phenols are pyrocatechol, hydroquinone, resorcinol, 5-methyl resorcinol, shale alkyl resorcinols, shale total phenols, or various combinations of said phenols. The method is simple and permits obtaining a foam plastic with improved physico-mechanical properties.

Abstract: Covers a water-modified diisocyanate mixture obtained from water-treating a diphenylmethane diisocyanate to provide a diisocyanate mixture comprising 3-25 percent by weight of diphenylmethane biuret isocyanate and 75-97 percent diphenylmethane diisocyanate. Also covers the use of said water-modified diphenylmethane diisocyanate in preparing an improved polyurethane or polyisocyanurate polymer. Also covers said polymers.

Abstract: A molding composition is disclosed for forming in a single step a natural sandwich foam product having a cellular core and a thick, densified outer layer. A hard, particulate filler material such as fly ash is admixed with an unreacted, rigid polyurethane foam system, together with a density distribution control agent such as carbon tetrachloride which lowers the viscosity of the admixture. In molding, the mold cavity is charged with the admixture and the foam reaction is permitted to occur with the mold closed. The resultant, filled foam product has a thick outer layer formed adjacent the mold surface of substantially greater density than its core. In the densified layer, both the polyurethane and filler material components of the resultant product are concentrated to provide over three times the density of the core structure. Formulations are set forth which provide substantial layer thickness and an outer surface having a durometer hardness value of 50 or greater over the entire surface area.

Abstract: An organic-inorganic polymer for both porous and non-porous plastic products is produced by reacting a borate, in an aqueous alkaline solution, with a poly functional isocyanate.

Abstract: Composite materials composed of an organic polymer containing a fire-retardant together with a blowing agent and a hydroxy group-containing organic acid or a salt thereof, or a reaction product of the blowing agent and said acid or salt.

Abstract: A phenolic foam that is non-corrosive to metallic substrates over which it is applied is disclosed herein. The foam is prepared by hardening an intimate mixture of a conventional foamable phenolic resole resin containing a blowing agent, a hardener and a surface active agent, and sodium tetraborate.

Abstract: A low reactive pressure flame-retardant polyurethane foam made by reacting together a polymeric isocyanate, a polyol, an aqueous solution of a carbohydrate, calcium acid phosphate, sodium aluminum sulfate, sodium bicarbonate, and a flame retardant. A blowing agent may be present.