Abstract: A stable polyol-alkali metal silicate emulsion is produced by mixing and emulsifying an aqueous alkali metal solution, a polyol and an organic compound that will cause the aqueous alkali metal silicate solution to solidify. The polyol-alkali metal silicate emulsion may be used to react with compounds containing at least two isocyanate radicals to produce polyurethane silicate solid or foamed products which may be used for thermal and sound insulation, coating agents, adhesives, caulking agents and molded objects.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to polyethers obtained by the reaction of a substituted 1,2-epoxy-alkane bearing at least one alkyl substituent containing at least 8 carbon atoms with at least one polyol corresponding to the formulaR(OH).sub.x (1)whereinR is an organic radical andx is an integer having a value of 2 or more,2 or more moles of epoxyalkane being added onto the polyol (1).The present invention is also directed to a process for the preparation of high molecular weight polymers wherein the process is conducted in the presence of the previously described polyethers as a mold release agent.

Abstract: The invention relates to compositions comprising (A) polydiorganosiloxanes containing vinyl groups, (B) polyorganohydrogensiloxanes, (C) platinum catalysts, and (D) a saturated polyhydric alcohol having at least two hydroxyl groups per molecule, which can be cured at temperatures of from room temperature to over 100.degree. C. by the addition of the Si-bonded H atoms in the polyorganohydrogensiloxane (B) to the vinyl groups in the polydiorganosiloxanes (A) with the aid of the platinum catalysts (C), to form elastomeric foams. The density and type of pores may be controlled by compound (D) containing hydroxyl groups as a "blowing agent".

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for the production of optionally cellular, polyurethane elastomer moldings or optionally cellular, rigid structural polyurethanes by reacting a reaction mixture containing(i) a polyisocyanate,(ii) a high molecular weight polymer having at least two hydroxy groups and having a molecular weight of 400 to about 10,000,(iii) about 5 to 50% by weight, based on the weight of component (ii) of a chain-extender having at least two hydroxy groups and(iv) about 0.05 to 10 weight percent, based on the weight of components (ii) and (iii) of a salt based on a carboxy functional siloxane and an amidine group-containing compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.

Abstract: Flexible polyurethane foams are prepared by reacting a polyisocyanate with certain amine-terminated compounds. The amine terminated compounds are characterized in having at least 30 percent of their active hydrogen-containing groups in the form of primary aromatic, Lewis acid-blocked primary aliphatic and/or secondary aromatic or aliphatic amine groups. The resulting foams exhibit excellent physical properties, even in the absence of a cross-linker compound.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of rigid polyurethane and/or polyisocyanurate foams is disclosed. The foams are prepared from a mixture comprising at least difunctional polyisocyanates, compounds with at least two hydrogen atoms that are capable of reacting with isocyanates, the equivalent weight of which per reactive hydrogen atom is about 50 to 900, catalysts, blowing agents and foam stabilizers, devoid of silicon atoms, as well as, optionally, conventional additives such as flame retardants and chain extenders. The foam stabilizer is a polyoxyalkylene ether of an alkylphenol-aldehyde condensation product, the alkyl group(s) of the alkylphenol having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, the aldehyde having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, the condensation product comprising on the average 4 to 18 alkylphenol groups, the oxyalkylene units having 2 to 4 carbon atoms and the content of oxyalkylene groups being 15 to 85% by weight, based on the total weight.

Abstract: A makeup remover pad is provided which comprises a resilient, open-celled hydrophilic foam matrix, wherein said matrix integrally incorporates an aqueous phase incorporating about 25-75% water, about 15-70% of a water-insoluble emollient oil, and an amount of surfactant effective to stabilize the aqueous phase so that it is released from the foam matrix as a homogeneous emulsion when the pad is applied to skin.

Abstract: Air is mechanically entrained in an aqueous solution of surfactant, polyamine reactant, and low moisture sensitive poly(oxyalkylene) poly(aliphatic isocyanate) prepolymer the poly(oxyalkylene) portion of which contains sufficient oxyethylene units to render the prepolymer water-soluble and hydrophilic, to form a fluid, water-based, air foam which is sprayed or otherwise applied to exposed surface of a substrate, such as a body of hazardous material, the applied foam gelling or increasing in viscosity, due to reaction of the polyisocyanate prepolymer with the polyamine in the presence of the water to form a poly(oxyalkylene) polyurea polymer containing polyurylene-containing segments formed from the reaction, and forming a persistent gelled air foam or viscous air foam in the form of a coating on the exposed surface, thus sealing or otherwise protecting or controlling the substrate.

Abstract: An open celled, dimensionally stable, flexible urethane foam and method of preparing such foam, which method comprises adding a cell opening dimensionally stabilizing amount of an additive to a foamable urethane composition, and thereafter foaming the composition containing such additive to provide a dimensionally stable, flexible urethane foam product. The additive mixture employed comprises an ester reaction product of a long chain acid with polyethylene or polypropylene glycols and/or contains free acid to provide for a desired acid value. The dimensionally stable, flexible foam product produced is particularly useful in the automotive industry as a flexible molded-type foam for use as cushions and seats.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for the production of optionally cellular, polyurethane elastomer moldings or optionally cellular, rigid structural polyurethanes by reacting a reaction mixture containing(i) a polyisocyanate,(ii) a high molecular weight polymer having at least two hydroxy groups and having a molecular weight of 400 to about 10,000,(iii) about 5 to 50% by weight, based on the weight of component (ii) of a chain-extender having at least two hydroxy groups and(iv) about 0.05 to 10 weight percent, based on the weight of components (ii) and (iii) of a salt based on a carboxy functional siloxane and an amidine group-containing compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.

Abstract: The first invention relates to a novel manufacturing process of mold containing continuous holes and used for filter materials, gas dispersive materials, and mold materials. By this invention, the epoxy resin mixture including an epoxy compound having one or more epoxy groups in each molecule, a hardener which reacts with and hardens the epoxy compound, emulsifiers, water or water-surface active agent, and fillers respectively is used as the molding material. As the emulsifier, at least two kinds of three different kinds of nonionic emulsifiers of 4-8, 8-17, and 11-15.6 HLB respectively are used together. This is the primary feature of the invention and no molding materials including such emulsifiers are known so far. The molding material is cured to a desired shape to prepare a mold containing continuous holes and for molding, conventional methods such as hardening after casting, for example, are adopted.The second invention relates to a novel casting mold suitable be for slip discharge casting.

Abstract: A flexible polyurethane foam formulation which is non-reactive at or near ambient temperature is provided. The formulation comprises a polyisocyanate, a polyfunctional active hydrogen containing compound, an amine catalyst, a blowing agent and a polyether acid. The formulation which becomes reactive above 40.degree. C. has the advantage, over similar systems based on formic acid, that the polyurethane foam is not tight and does not suffer from skin peeling.

Abstract: An open celled, dimensionally stable, flexible urethane foam and method of preparing such foam, which method comprises adding a cell opening dimensionally stabilizing amount of an additive to a foamable urethane composition, and thereafter foaming the composition containing such additive to provide a dimensionally stable, flexible urethane foam product. The additive mixture employed comprises an ester reaction product of a long chain acid with polyethylene or polypropylene glycols and/or contains free acid to provide for a desired acid value. The dimensionally stable, flexible foam product produced is particularly useful in the automotive industry as a flexible molded-type foam for use as cushions and seats.

Abstract: Disclosed is a sculpted, hand-squeezable toy which possesses dimensional memory and has a predetermined dimensional memory restoration time. The toy is made by blending a foamable hydrophilic polyurethane isocyanate-functional prepolymer, a vinyl or acylic polymer emulsion recovery rate modifier, water, and an organic cosolvent. The blend then is charged to a mold for the foamed toy to be made therein. The proportion of organic cosolvent present and the temperature of the blend being molded are variables for determining the predetermined dimensional memory restoration time of the toy after it has been squeezed.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing foamed silicone compositions by foaming a cross-linkable composition which comprises:(a) 100 parts by weight of a vinyl-containing polysiloxane containing 0.0002 to 3% by weight of vinyl groups and a viscosity of from 0.1 to 1,000 Pascal-seconds at 25.degree. C.,(b) up to 10 parts by weight of a silanol-containing silicon compound with a viscosity from 0.01 to 10 Pascal-seconds at 25.degree. C.,(c) up to 200 parts by weight of filler,(d) 1 to 50 parts by weight of a polysiloxane with a viscosity of 0.005 to 0.1 Pascal-seconds at 25.degree. C., and(e) a platinum catalyst, is characterized by foaming the cross-linkable composition with a substance containing hydroxyl groups at temperatures of 50.degree. to 150.degree. C.

Abstract: Complex block multipolymer surfactants comprising (a) a siloxane polymer terminated with groups containing a hydroxyl(--OH), (b) one or more diols and (c) a diisocyanate and foam compositions of polyurethane employing said surfactants as a stabilizer.

Abstract: A high temperature, flame resistant polyimide foam material and methods of making open and closed cell, rigid and flexible foams from common precursors. An aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride is reacted with an amino and an alcohol or mixtue of alcohols to produce an N-substituted imido acid ester. The product is then reacted with an aromatic diamine. The resulting liquid is dried, ground to a course powder, and classified into sizes from 0.25 mm to 2 mm by sieving. The powder is suitable for foaming without further modification, by expansion at 100 to 3000 in a closed mold to form a well consolidated, uniform, mostly closed cell product. When expanded unrestrictedly, open cell flexible or rigid consolidated foams are produced, depending on choice of alcohol(s). The foams have excellent resistance to heat and flame, and bond well to glass prepreg to form rigid structures.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for the production of matte, non-blocking, thin-walled molded articles, films or tubes from polyurethane elastomers prepared from high molecular weight polyols which contain dispersed polyadducts based on polyisocyanate polyaddition products. The use of these high molecular weight polyols contained dispersed polyadducts allows for the preparation of thin-walled, molded articles which have reduced surface tackiness. The present invention is additionally directed to the molded articles produced by this process and to their use for forming polyurethane foam composites.

Abstract: A method of sealing electrical fittings is provided. The method comprises foaming in situ a removable, flame retardant, solvent resistant, substantially closed cell isocyanurate foam. The isocyanurate foam is prepared from a two-part, liquid, foamable, curable composition, the parts being mixed at the time of application, the composition comprising, in a first part, a prereaction product of an isocyanate and a polyol, and, in a second part, catalyst, chain extending agent, flame retardant agent, and blowing agent. Also provided are an electrical fitting and cable duct or riser sealed with the isocyanurate foam.

Abstract: An antistatic additive for polymers, particularly polyurethanes is disclosed comprising an ionizable metal salt and an enhancer comprising a non-ionizable salt or ester of an organic acid.

Abstract: Polyurethane can be made having improved heat stability, sufficient to withstand paint oven temperatures by mixing or dispersing about 0.5 to 10 parts or more of an organic monosulfide or disulfides, preferably where the organo radical is a hydroxyl phenyl or hydroxyl alkyl substituted phenyl radical per 100 parts of the polyurethane reactants and reacting to form the polyurethane.

Abstract: In a process of the preparation of flexible polyester urethane foams by reacting polyester polyols having at least two hydroxyl groups in the molecule with at least difunctional polyisocyanates in the presence of water, optionally of physical blowing agents, catalysts, stabilizers and optionally of other conventional additives, the following two components are added for catalysis in the form of a mixture to the reaction formulation in the amounts given (which are based on the polyester polyol):(a) 0.2 to 1.5 weight percent of N,N'-dimethylpiperazine,(b) 0.05 to 0.5 weight percent of a polysiloxane-polyoxyalkylene block copolymer of the general formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is a polyoxyalkylene radical of the general formula--(CH.sub.2).sub.3 O(C.sub.m H.sub.2m O).sub.n R.sup.2in whichR.sup.2 is an alkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms;m=2 or 3, the average value of m being 2 to 2.5:n=a whole number corresponding to a molecular weight for the R.sup.

Abstract: Polyoxyalkylene surfactants for cellular foams can be prepared by reacting under free radical polymerization conditions (1) an unsaturated polyoxyalkylene adduct and (2) an esterified unsaturated dibasic acid ingredient, wherein unsaturated diester ingredient (2) either completely or partially comprises a fumarate diester.

Abstract: A flexibilizing additive compatible with a wide variety of polymeric vehicles is provided wherein the additive comprises the reaction product of (a) an aliphatic polyisocyanate; (b) at least one monofunctional alcohol containing an ether or carboxyl oxygen; and (c) at least one diol. The flexibilizing additive can be combined with a thermoplastic or thermosetting film-forming vehicle to provide improved coating compositions.

Abstract: Polyoxyalkylene surfactants for cellular foams can be prepared by reacting a polyoxyalkylene adduct and an esterified unsaturated dibasic acid in the presence of a free-radical initiator.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a polyol blend comprising:(a) from about 30 to about 90 percent by weight of a polyester diol having an OH number of from about 50 to about 500 and having the structure: ##STR1## wherein each R may be the same or different and represents a radical of the formula: ##STR2## where R" represents H or CH.sub.3 with the proviso that both R"s cannot be CH.sub.

Abstract: A U.F. foam that is diamensionally stable, but low in formaldehyde, was made by adding to a conventional solution of a urea formaldehyde resin precondensate, before foaming, up to 50% urea, relative to the solid resin substance, and one or several connecting agents from the group of sulfurous alkyl compounds, saturated monobasic carbonic acids, saturated and unsaturated dicarbonic acids, purine compounds, inorganic acids of the group of halogens and chalcogens, and their salts, phosphoric acids and their salts, alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts, in such quantity and in such a way that the pH of the resulting solution remains above 7; and subsequently foaming the solution with a hardener/foaming-agent solution in the conventional manner.

Abstract: Polyoxyalkylene surfactants for cellular foams can be prepared by reacting a polyoxyalkylene adduct and an esterified unsaturated dibasic acid in the presence of a free-radical initiator.

Abstract: Polyoxyalkylene surfactants for cellular foams can be prepared by reacting under free radical polymerization conditions a polyoxyalkylene adduct, a cyclic nitrogenous vinyl monomer and an esterified unsaturated dibasic acid in the presence of an organic or inorganic per-compound and a metal catalyst.

Abstract: To obtain a UF foam which is low in formaldehyde, yet is dimensionally stable, up to 96% urea is dissolved in an approximately 10 to 30% aqueous extract of an alkyl, aryl or alkaryl sulphonic acid, said solution being mixed with a conventional hardener/foaming agent solution containing the sodium salt of an alkyl, aryl or alkaryl sulphonic acid in an aqueous diluent usually employed for foaming, in a ratio sulphonic acid solution to sodium sulphonate solution of 1:1 to 1:4, the pH value being adjusted to 0 up to 3 and said mixture being foamed together with a urea formaldehyde resin precondensate solution in the usual manner.

Abstract: Polyoxyalkylene surfactants for cellular foams can be prepared by reacting a polyoxyalkylene adduct and an esterified unsaturated dibasic acid in the presence of a free-radical initiator.

Abstract: A method of forming a synthetic article by open forming techniques by providing a fluid composition containing a predominant quantity of synthetic resin and having a capability for delayed, substantial gas evolution. To produce reinforced articles, the composition is applied to the reinforcement at a temperature below a predetermined gas evolution temperature and is subjected to fluid spreading conditions to thoroughly wet the elements of reinforcement. Subsequently, the fluid composition reaches the predetermined temperature, the resultant gas evolution effectively expands the composition while it remains in thorough wetting contact with the reinforcement elements, and the resin then solidifies and cures to produce an intimately reinforced, expanded article. In important embodiments the preponderant gas evolution results from the reaction of an organic hydroperoxide with an isocyanate in the presence of a surfactant.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved polyurethane foam having cleaning and germicidal activities. The foam is prepared by mixing together a select prepolymer reactant and water, and adding to the mixture prior to foam formation a nonionic surfactant, a quaternary ammonium compound and a silicon-based surfactant. The resulting foam is particularly useful as a disposable wiping pad for household clean-up applications.

Abstract: The alkylene oxide adduct of bis(aminoethyl)ether may be reacted with formaldehyde in the presence of hydrogen and a hydrogenation-dehydration catalyst to produce compounds of the formula ##STR1## where R is hydrogen or lower alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms and R" is methyl or ##STR2## where R is as above. Monocarboxylic acid salts of these compounds show unexpectedly high efficiency as polyurethane catalysts. Smaller amounts of this amine are required to produce foams having the same reaction profile as foams made with prior art amine salt catalysts.

Abstract: Polyurethane foams prepared from the reaction of polyester polyol with organic isocyanate have improved flame retardance and dripping ember retardance by incorporation of an additive comprising (1) halogenated flame retardant, and (2) organic solvent soluble glycoluril-formaldehyde material.

Abstract: Polyurethane foams with excellent physical properties are obtained by using a catalyst composition of a tertiary amine and 2-ethylhexanoic acid.

Abstract: Alkali metal polyester silicate resinous products are produced by mixing a polyhydroxy organic compound, an alkali metal silicate and a polycarboxylic acid, then heating the mixture to a temperature between the melting point of the polycarboxylic acid and the boiling temperature of the polyol while agitating until the reaction is complete.

Abstract: An isocyanurate thermosetting foam composition having improved flame, smoke and nonburning properties with high char resistance, which foam composition is prepared by the reaction of from about 5 to 40 parts of a methoxy polyethylene glycol and optionally with melamine, with 100 parts of a methylene diisocyanate having an average functionality of about 2.4 or less in the presence of a blowing agent, a surfactant and a single trimerization catalyst, to provide a closed-cell, thermosetting, modified polyisocyanurate foam having a flame-spread value of about 15 or less.

Abstract: Improvement in the preparation of open-pored phenolic resin foams by the foaming of intimate mixtures of water-containing phenolic resol resins in the viscosity range of from 1000 to 20,000 cP, low-boiling organic liquids in which the phenolic resol resins are not soluble as blowing agents and acid-containing hardeners, the improvement comprising adding to the foamable phenolic resol resin before or during the preparation of the foamable mixture, 1.0 to 6.0 weight-percent of ethoxylated castor oil and 0.5 to 5 weight-percent of an alkyl sulfate salt of the general formulaC.sub.x H.sub.2x+1 --O--SO.sub.3 --Me.sup.+wherein x an integer from 8 to 18 and Me is an alkali metal or a triethanolamine cation.

Abstract: Improved rigid urethane and isocyanurate foam compositions having improved fire resistance are described. The urethane foams are based on furan compositions having the formula: ##STR1## and from about 100% to about 500% of a stoichiometric amount of a reactive polyisocyanate to produce a foamable composition, and sufficient blowing agent to create a foam having a density from about 1.5 to about 5 pounds per cubic foot. The product has improved fire resistence. The disclosure also described the method of decreasing the flame hazard potential of a rigid foam by adding two urethane or isocyanurate foaming ingredients the appropriate amount of one or more of the compositions listed above. The polymers described are chiefly made from adding propelyne oxide to bis (hydroxymethyl) furan.

Abstract: Polyoxyalkylene surfactants for cellular forms can be prepared by reacting a polyoxyalkylene adduct and an esterified unsaturated dibasic acid in the presence of a free-radical initiator.

Abstract: Low smoke isocyanurate modified polyurethane foams are prepared from polyols and a stoichiometric excess of reactive isocyanates providing an --NCO/--OH index of 1.3-3.0, preferably from 1.6-2.3. Catalysts for the trimerization reaction of the isocyanate to the isocyanurate form are employed. The polyol used in the present invention includes from 5-100% of a digestion product which is prepared by digesting polyalkylene terephthalate residues in organic polyols. The foams produced by the method of the present invention possess unexpected properties in such areas as flame spread, smoke, and low friability. The use of the polyols described above can substantially reduce product cost, allowing the isocyanurate modified polyurethane foams of the present invention to be utilized in commercial applications.

Abstract: A composition comprises polyurethane, a two-component flame retardant system consisting of an additive first flame retardant containing organophosphorus, and a second flame retardant containing organochlorine or organobromine.The composition of the invention may be employed for polyurethane foams, especially rigid foams.Diminished combustibility for rigid foam is measured by a flame-spread index less than 75 and a smoke developed index less than 450 when subjected to ASTM Test E-84, Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials.Dimethyl methylphosphonate is a representative additive organophosphorus first flame retardant. Trichloroisopropyl alcohol is a representative second flame retardant containing organochlorine.

Abstract: A process for producing urethane-modified polyisocyanurate foams in which a poly(oxyalkylene-oxyethylene)polyether polyol is used as a modifying agent having the number of functional groups and the molecular weight in specific ranges with the equivalent ratio of NCO/OH being in a specific range and containing a specific quantity of ethylene oxide. The use of this modifying agent provides urethane-modified polyisocyanurate foams exhibiting excellent fire resistance and adhesion to an object surface.

Abstract: N-butylmorpholine and N,N'-dimethylpiperazine may be used together as a catalyst system in an activator solution to give finer, more uniform cells to polyester-based polyurethane foams if a solvent is employed. It was surprisingly discovered that the components must be used together as a catalyst-solvent system to avoid the disadvantages observed when one of the components is changed or left out. For example, if the solvent were not present in the activator solution in proportions of at least 1 wt. %, the activator solution would not be homogeneous.

Abstract: A polymer-modified polyol is formed by polymerizing an olamine, particularly an alkanolamine, with an organic polyisocyanate in the presence of a polyol. The alkanolamine reacts polyfunctionally with the polyisocyanate to produce polyaddition products.The polyaddition products may constitute a stable dispersion in the polyol and the resulting polymer-modified polyol is particularly useful as a polyol starting material for reaction with a polyisocyanate in the manufacture of polyurethane foam.

Abstract: Small amounts of ethoxylated (propoxylated propylene glycol) utilized as a surfactant/emulsifier for polyolisocyanate reaction systems for producing rigid foams that can produce at least 80% closed cell formation where the surfactant does not produce undesirable reaction products with the isocyanate and has an HLB less than 4.

Abstract: Active hydrogen-containing fluorochemical is used as a foam stabilizer in preparing polyurethane foams. For example, rigid or flexible polyurethane foams with high or low density and uniform cellular structure are prepared using fluoroaliphatic radical-substituted poly(oxyalkylene) polyols as foam stabilizers.

Abstract: Foam products are disclosed which are produced by incorporating active materials, utilizing in situ methods, into the cell structure of hydrophillic polyurethane foams. The products obtained are characterized by a controlled rate of release of the active material from the foam structure.

Abstract: Polyisocyanurate foam is produced by reacting a polyisocyanate component with an anhydrous reaction product between a dibasic acid anhydride and a partially alcoholated polyether-polyol with an alkali metal hydroxide and/or alkaline earth metal hydroxide. The reaction product acts as a catalyst for trimerizing the polyisocyanate and also as a polyether-polyol component.