Abstract: A foamable polyester resin composition is provided and a method for making the same. The composition comprises (a) a liquid unsaturated polyester resin, (b) an azocarboxylate, (c) an organic peroxide or hydroperoxide, (d) a proton donor, (e) a metal promoter, (f) optionally a surfactant, and (g) optionally a filler.

Abstract: Low density foams are prepared from an admixture which comprises a medium which is polymerizable and/or crosslinkable by free radical initiation, a t-alkylhydrazinium salt blowing agent, a peroxide curing agent, a suitable surfactant, and at least one transition metal salt promoter wherein at least one of the metal salts is a compound of iron or copper. The t-alkylhydrazinium salt blowing agent in the presence of an effective amount of the transitional metal salt promoter improves the efficiency of the process.

Abstract: Methods of sealing particular areas, including subterranean well formations, are provided wherein the methods utilize an isocyanate polymer suitable as a sealing agent having a controllable gelation time in the presence of water without formation of excess foam by using one or more typical di- or polyisocyanates with one or more alcoholic or acidic compounds and a particular catalyst namely, triethylene-diamine, Groups 3 and 4 metal-organic compounds or mixtures thereof. A particularly useful catalyst is tributyl titanate.

Abstract: Smoke suppressed rigid polyurethane foams are prepared from a reaction mixture comprising as the smoke suppressant additive a metal salt of a: dialkyl dithiocarbamate, a mercaptobenzothiazole, a 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole, a mercaptotriazine, a hydroxy thiophenol or an aliphatic dimercapto compound of 2 to 10 carbons.

Abstract: An improvement is disclosed in the preparation of high resilience polyurethane foam. The improvement resides in the use of a select reaction mixture which includes a polyol containing an effectively dispersed finely divided solid particulate material and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol as a cross-linking agent to stabilize the reaction mixture.

Abstract: A select polyether polyol is used in preparing flexible polyurethane foam having desirable physical properties. The select polyether polyol is an oxypropylated, oxyethylated triol containing an effectively dispersed finely divided solid particulate material. The resulting foam is of utility in various applications, such as cushioning.

Abstract: Polyester resin is expanded and cured using mono-substituted sulfonyl hydrozide blowing agent, organic peroxide curative and certain metal promoters.

Abstract: Unsaturated polyester resin in solution in ethylenically unsaturated copolymerizable monomer is moved with peroxide catalyst, organometallic promoter and certain hydrazine-type or hydrazone compounds. The liquid mixture expands and cures to provide a solid foamed resin.

Abstract: An iodine-doped polyfluorometallophthalocyanine having the repeating unit [(PcMF) (I).sub.x ] wherein Pc represents a phthalocyanine moiety, M represents a III-A metal selected from the class consisting of aluminum and gallium, and x is from about 0.01 to about 3.4 if M is aluminum and x is from about 0.01 to about 2.3 if M is gallium.

Abstract: Stable melamine-polyoxyalkylene polyether polyol dispersions are prepared by the in situ reduction of melamine particles wherein 90 percent of the melamine particles have a particle size of less than 10 microns. Stabilizers for the melamine-polyol dispersion are selected from the group consisting of(a) silicic acids and silicates,(b) salts of perfluorinated alkyl carboxylic acids having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, salts of alkyl sulfonic acids and perfluorinated alkylsulfonic acids having 4 to 20 carbon atoms and polyperfluoroether polyols having molecular weights of 300 to 6000, and(c) salts of fatty alcohol sulfates having 6 to 30 carbon atoms.These dispersions are useful for the preparation of polyurethane foams.

Abstract: An improved process for preparing integral skin polyurethane, wherein a reaction mixture comprising polyol, polyisocyanate the NCO groups of which are not directly bonded to an aromatic group, no more than 0.5 part by weight of water to 100 parts by weight of polyol, and a catalyst is reacted in a mould, said improvement consisting in using as catalyst a synergistic combination of at least one organic initiator, comprising at least one functional group of primary or secondary amines, with at least one organic compound of bismuth.

Abstract: A process for preparing an integral-skinned polyurethane foam wherein a foamable composition for formation of polyurethane which comprises a polyol, polyisocyanate, cross-linking agent, catalyst, and blowing agent is reacted and expanded in a mold, characterized in that(a) said polyol is a polyether polyol having a terminal ethylene oxide adduct rate of at least 60%, an OH number of 20 to 100 and a functionality of 4 to 8, or a polyester polyol having a functionality of 4 to 8;(b) said polyisocyanate is a non-aromatic polyisocyanate having an isocyanate index of 90 to 130;(c) said cross-linking agent is diethanolamine and ranges from 0.5 to 20 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of said polyol;(d) said catalyst is an organometallic salt; and(e) said blowing agent is a halogenated hydrocarbon of a low boiling point.

Abstract: The invention relates to carbodiimide- and/or uretonimine-isocyanurate-containing polyisocyanates, to the process for their preparation, and to microcellular foams prepared therefrom.These compositions may be prepared in the presence of the appropriate catalyst by(a) a partial trimerization of a mixture of polyisocyanate and carbodiimide and uretonimine containing polyisocyanate with trimer catalyst to the desired free isocyanate level,(b) sequential, partial carbodiimidization followed by partial trimerization of a polyisocyanate to the desired free isocyanate level(c) sequential partial trimerization of a polyisocyanate followed by partial carbodiimidization,(d) simultaneous conversion using the mixed catalyst system of carbodiimide and isocyanurate catalysts reacted to the desired free isocyanate level, and(e) blending liquid polyisocyanate with the carbodiimide and uretonimine containing polyisocyanate and isocyanurate containing polyisocyanate to the desired isocyanate level.

Abstract: Polyol compositions containing effectively dispersed particulate material featuring critical dispersion characteristics are used to stabilize foam reaction in high resilience polyurethane foam.

Abstract: Rigid isocyanurate urethane polymers useful for insulation purposes and characterized by superior thermal stability are prepared by reacting an excess of polymeric isocyanate with butenediol in the presence of blowing agent and catalyst.

Abstract: The instant invention is directed to a process for the production of a light fast, transparent polyurethane elastomer comprising reacting:(A) from 90 to 50% by weight, based on the polyurethane solids content, of a compound having a molecular weight of from 400 to 10,000 which has at least two Zerewitinoff active hydrogen atoms;(B) from 50 to 10% by weight, based on the polyurethane solids content, of an aliphatic and/or alicyclic polyisocyanate; and(C) from 0 to 20% by weight, based on the polyurethane solids content, of a chain-lengthening agent having a molecular weight of from 60 to 400; in the presence of:(D) catalysts for the isocyanate polyaddition reaction, the improvement wherein said catalysts, component (D), is a catalyst combination of:(a) an alkali metal hydroxide and/or alkaline earth metal hydroxide; and(b) an organometallic compound selected from the group consisting of the acetyl acetonate of iron, C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: A process of forming polyurethane compositions which emit reduced amounts of toxic smoke on burning is described. The process comprises reacting a mixture of an organic compound having two or more active hydrogen atoms, an organic polyfunctional isocyanate, a catalyst and at least one metal salt of an aliphatic or alicyclic monocarboxylic acid wherein the metal is cobalt, copper, nickel or manganese. The metal salt is added to the mixture in an amount which is sufficient to reduce the formation of toxic substances when the polyurethane is ignited.

Abstract: The reaction of an organic polyisocyanate with an organic compound containing at least 2 active hydrogen containing groups is catalyzed with a synergistic co-catalyst combination of at least one organo-mercuric catalyst and at least one zinc salt of an alkylcarboxylic acid having about 2 to about 22 carbon atoms. Useful solid (non-cellular) and foamed polyurethane products are obtained which are produced at a faster curing rate than with use of either co-catalyst alone.

Abstract: To prepare light-stable polyurethane integral skin foams, especially soft integral foams, aliphatic and/or cycloaliphatic polyisocyanates, both categories preferably containing urethane groups and/or biuret groups, are reacted with polyols in the presence of blowing agents and of a synergistic catalyst combination comprising an alkali metal hydroxide, alkali metal alcoholate, alkali metal phenolate, alkali metal salt of a weak acid and/or hexahydrotriazine derivative and an organic tin, zinc and/or iron(II) compound, in the presence or absence of assistants and adjuvants.The preferred catalyst combination is tri-(dimethylaminopropyl)-s-hexahydrotriazine and dibutyl-tin dilaurate.

Abstract: A foam material, such as a polyurethane foam, is formed by mixing a polymer forming material with a blowing agent and two catalysts, one catalyst being provided to catalyze polymer formation and the other catalyst being provided to catalyze blowing. An auxiliary blowing agent in the form of a vaporizable substance, such as methylene chloride, is also incorporated. In one embodiment, the mixed components are maintained in a reaction vessel prior to application of same to a surface on which the foam is allowed to expand. In a further embodiment, in the case where the foam is polyurethane foam and the vaporizable substance is methylene chloride, the mixed components are maintained in a reaction vessel prior to application of same to a surface on which the foam is allowed to expand and the methylene chloride is used in an amount in excess of 12% of the weight of the polyurethane-forming material.

Abstract: Urethane polymers are produced by reacting isocyanate with hydroxyl compounds in the presence of a catalytic amount of a chelating catalyst or cocatalyst which is a complex of a chelating agent with metallic ions and which does not react with the reagents.

Abstract: A foam product and method of producing the same for use in preserving cut flowers is provided which method provides in the manufacture of the product of foaming under mild conditions to preserve the wettability, and the preservative qualities of the foaming material and its additives so as to improve the life of the cut flowers which are mounted in the product.

Abstract: Low density flexible polyurethane foams can be prepared using water and relatively large amounts of methylene chloride as the foaming agents in the presence of an organic or inorganic tin compound as the gel catalyst and a foaming catalyst consisting essentially of catalytically effective amounts of an antimony carboxylate, a potassium carboxylate and a zinc carboxylate.

Abstract: Covers a water-modified diisocyanate mixture obtained from water-treating a diphenylmethane diisocyanate to provide a diisocyanate mixture comprising 3-25 percent by weight of diphenylmethane biuret isocyanate and 75-97 percent diphenylmethane diisocyanate. Also covers the use of said water-modified diphenylmethane diisocyanate in preparing an improved polyurethane or polyisocyanurate polymer. Also covers said polymers.

Abstract: This invention relates to compositions and methods for forming polyether polyurethanes utilizing internal release additives for the purpose of facilitating mold release in the production of molded objects. The invention discloses four classes of internal release additives: (1) mixtures of aliphatic or aryl carboxylic acid and a polar metal compound; (2) caboxyalkylsiloxanes; (3) aliphatic glyoximes; and (4) aralkyl quaternary ammonium salts.

Abstract: A method of producing foams by utilizing the reactivity of isocyanate groups comprising the steps of reacting an organic polyisocyanate in the presence of a foaming agent and, optionally, at least one member selected from the group consisting of polyols, polyepoxides, polycarboxylic acids, acid anhydrides and other compounds capable of reacting with the isocyanate groups and, if necessary, a catalyst, a foam stabilizer and other additives, the improvement wherein at least one organic amine-metal complex soluble in the liquid raw material and containing a metal selected from the group consisting of copper, nickel, lead, cobalt, manganese, zinc, and chromium is added to the reaction system in an amount of 0.5 to 30 weight % based on the total weight of the raw materials used for the preparation of foams. The foams containing flame-retardant organic amine-metal complexes prepared by the aforementioned method.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved foamable resole resin composition comprising a resole resin, a blowing agent and a surfactant wherein said improvement comprises incorporating a particular resole resin catalyzed with alkaline earth metal hydroxides and neutralized with oxalic acid or its acid salts providing inert insoluble oxalate salts dispersed in said resole. Said salts are sized controlled and stabilized in an aqueous resole resin solution having about 60 to 99% resole resin by weight. Methods for preparing and foaming said compositions are disclosed.

Abstract: A fluorinated phthalonitrile of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R' is F or CF.sub.3, R is (CF.sub.2).sub.p, m is 1 or 2, n is 1 or , p is an integer from 3 to 30, x is 1, 2, or 3, y is 1, 2, or 3 and z is 0 or 1 is prepared by reacting 4-iodophthalonitrile with the appropriate diiodide in the presence of activated copper in a dipolar aprotic solvent. Heating this phthalonitrile to a temperature from about its melting point to about 285.degree. C. produces a polyphthalocyanine resin. If a salt or metal is added prior to the heating, a metal or salt-coordinated polyphthalocyanine is produced. Polyphthalocyanines are useful in coatings, laminates, filament windings, castings, and structural composites.

Abstract: A process for producing a rigid polyurethane foam having excellent flame retardance and low-smoke development is disclosed. When the rigid polyurethane foam is produced by reacting a polyhydroxyl compound with an organic polyisocyanate in the presence of a blowing agent, a surfactant, a catalyst and other additives, 3-methylpentane-1,3,5-triol is used as a part of the polyhydroxyl compound.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the preparation of new organic compounds having blocked hydroxyl groups, which compounds are converted by the action of moisture into compounds having free hydroxyl groups, the preferred compounds obtainable by this process, and a process for the preparation of polyurethanes in which mixtures containing polyisocyanates and compounds which can be converted into polyols by hydrolysis are reacted with water.

Abstract: Unsaturated polyester resins will form foamed or solid plastics with water-binding agents containing an oxidated silicon compound in the presence of an initiator.

Abstract: The rate of the reaction between a polyol and a polyfunctional isocyanate to form a rigid polyurethane foam can be controlled within a wide range, using as the catalyst for said reaction a mixture comprising catalytically effective amounts of an antimony carboxylate, a potassium carboxylate and a zinc carboxylate. The mixture can be used alone or in combination with tertiary amines or tin compounds, both of which are conventionally employed as catalysts for the polyol-isocyanate reaction.

Abstract: Semi-flexible, shock-absorbing polyurethane foams containing an amylaceous material, such as a cereal starch or flour, and having an open cell structure are prepared by co-reacting the amylaceous material and a polyether with an aromatic polyisocyanate having a functionality of about 2 to about 2.4. The foams are particularly useful in crash padding.

Abstract: The instant invention is directed to a process for the production of weather-resistant rigid molded foams based on polyurethanes having a dimensional stability under heat according to DIN 53 432 of at least 70.degree. C. and a compact surface, a cellular core and an integral density distribution throughout the cross-section of the moldings, comprising foaming a foamable reaction mixture of polyisocyanates, polyhydroxyl compounds, blowing agents and, optionally, other isocyanate-reactive compounds, activators and other auxiliaries in a closed mold under the conditions of in-mold foaming, the improvement wherein the polyisocyanates used are reaction products containing isocyanate groups and urethane groups, said reaction products formed by reacting diisocyanates containing at least one cycloaliphatically bound isocyanate group and no more than one aliphatically bound isocyanate group with sub-stoichiometric quantities of organic polyhydroxyl compounds.

Abstract: Polyimide foam products having greatly improved burn-through and flame-spread resistance are prepared by the reaction of aromatic polyisocyanates with aromatic dianhydrides in the presence of metallic salts of octoic acid. The salts, for example stannous octoate, ferric octoate and aluminum octoate, favor the formation of imide linkages at the expense of other possible reactions.

Abstract: The rise times exhibited by flexible polyurethane foams can be significantly reduced using a stannous salt as the gel catalyst in combination with a blowing catalyst that includes an antimony (III) salt of a carboxylic acid and a potassium salt of a carboxylic acid. A zinc salt of a carboxylic acid can optionally replace a portion of the antimony (III) salt. The present blowing catalysts are particularly useful for preparing dielectrically or ultrasonically heat-sealable foams.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of cross-linked foamable moldings from olefin polymers, wherein the olefin polymer is mixed with(a) a solid organic blowing agent which eliminates gases when heated,(b) an organic peroxide,(c) conventional additives and(d) an activating organic compound which lowers the decomposition temperature of the peroxide,And the mixture is molded thermoplastically and is crosslinked below the decomposition temperature of the blowing agent but above the decomposition temperature of the activated peroxide.The organic activator is preferably a transition metal salt of a long-chain fatty acid.The moldings may be used for the manufacture of foams, for example for insulating purposes.

Abstract: Rigid foams characterized by carbodiimide and isocyanurate linkages are prepared by catalytically condensing an organic polyisocyanate in the presence of (a) a carbodiimide-promoting compound and (b) certain C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkali metal carboxylates as trimerization catalysts.

Abstract: The incorporation of chloro-alkanol moieties into a urethane-modified isocyanurate foam has been found to improve the insulating properties of the foam as well as improve the flame-retardant properties thereof.

Abstract: Polyurethane foams are prepared by reacting an active hydrogen-containing organic compound with an organic polyisocyanate in the presence of a blowing agent and an amylaceous material which has been stabilized (a) by treating with a stabilizing agent containing an effective amount of an antioxidant capable of inhibiting the formation of oxidation products in the amylaceous material upon exposure to an oxidizing atmosphere or (b) by removing substantially all, or at least a major portion, of the oxidizable materials, particularly fatty acids or fats, from the amylaceous material.

Abstract: A process for preparing polyurethanes comprising reacting a polyol with an organic polyisocyanate in the presence of a catalytic amount of nickel acetylacetonate, wherein the polyol and nickel acetylacetonates are held at elevated temperatures prior to being mixed with the polyisocyanate.

Abstract: This invention relates to new catalyst combinations having improved catalytic activity for isocyanate polyaddition reactions. The catalysts are combinations of known metal catalysts with aromatic compounds which contain at least one nitrogen atom as a hetero atom and have at least one primary amino group in the ortho- or para-position to the hetero atom. Preferred aromatic compounds include ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 which may be the same or different, each represent a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms or two of the groups R.sub.1 to R.sub.4 represent a condensed aromatic ring.

Abstract: A process for preparing polyurethane with integral skin, wherein a composition comprising following ingredients: polyol, polyisocyanate, at most one part by weight of water to 100 parts by weight of polyol and catalyst, is reacted in a mould so that a polyurethane is formed, characterized in that one uses a polyisocyanate the NCO groups of which are not directly bonded to an aromatic group and, as catalyst, at least one of the following four synergistic combinations:(1) at least an amine containing the structure: ##STR1## in association with at least an alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal salt, alcoholate and/or phenolate of an acid the dissociation constant of which Ka.ltoreq.10.sup.-1, preferably Ka.ltoreq.10.sup.

Abstract: Improvements in polymer/polyol compositions which are convertible by reaction with polyisocyanates to polyurethanes which are pigmented to a medium to dark color and which inherently chalk upon exposure to weather and wherein the polymer of the polymer/polyol composition is dispersed in the polyol thereof and is formed from one or more polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated monomers. The improvement provides to said polyurethanes resistance to chalking on exposure to weather and in one embodiment comprises the presence, in the polymer/polyol compositions used to make the polyurethanes, of a metallocene from the class consisting of ferrocene, ferrocene derivatives, cobaltocene and nickelocene in an amount effective to provide chalk resistance. Optionally, the metallocene can be present in the polyisocyanate composition instead of the polymer/polyol composition.

Abstract: Polyurethane/vinyl polymer composites are prepared without the requirement of the application of an external source of heat by the admixture of a composition comprising(A) a polyether polyol having an equivalent weight of 30-2500, such as an adduct of glycerine with propylene oxide;(B) an organic polyisocyanate, such as toluene diisocyanate;(C) an ethylenically unsaturated monomer, such as styrene;(D) a catalyst for polymerizing ethylenically unsaturated monomers such as tertiary butyl perbenzoate; and(E) a catalyst for urethane formation such as cobalt naphthenate.Foams may also be prepared by adding an appropriate foaming agent.

Abstract: The amine salts of amino acid compositions have been found to be effective as a delayed action catalyst for organometallic catalyzed urethane synthesis. The acid which provides the basis for the salts is characterized generally by reacting an amine with an unsaturated acid, or with formaldehyde and hydrogen cyanide followed by hydrolysis of the resulting nitrile.

Abstract: This invention relates to new catalyst combinations having improved catalytic activity for isocyanate polyaddition reactions. The catalysts are combinations of known metal catalysts with aromatic compounds which contain at least one nitrogen atom as a hetero atom and have at least one primary amino group in the ortho- or para-position to the hetero atom. Preferred aromatic compounds include ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 which may be the same or different, each represent a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms or two of the groups R.sub.1 to R.sub.4 represent a condensed aromatic ring.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to an improved process for the production of cold-hardening polyurethane foams through the reaction of modified polyisocyanates with compounds having at least two active hydrogen atoms in the presence of blowing agents. The improved process is characterized by the fact that the modified polyisocyanate is prepared in a preliminary stage immediately before foaming.