Abstract: A method for preparation of rigid foam disclosed The method comprises mixing at least two components to form a reaction mixture. The reaction mixture comprises isocyanate, up to about 20% by weight CHClF.sub.2, up to about 2% by weight of water, and a combination of polyols having an overage OH number of from about 300 to about 500 and comprising polyalkoxylated glycerin having an OH number of from about 200 to about 300 and in which the alkoxy groups each have from two to about three carbon atoms. Related methods and compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to using lithium salts of an organic material having 2 to 30 carbon atoms and at least one carboxylic acid in a rigid polyurethane formulation to produce foams having energy absorbing properties.

Abstract: To arrive at an economical method of producing water-expanded polymer resin moldings, it is proposed that a monomer component and a cross-linker on an acrylate basis and/or a PMMA prepolymer be used as resin-forming components of a curable mixture, with the weight ratio of the water component to the resin-forming component being at least 1:1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing a cellular or microcellular polyurethane foam wherein the reactants provide a built-in blowing capability. The process is effected by reacting a polyisocyanate with a carboxy-modified polyol to form a polyurethane and carbon dioxide, said carbon dioxide acting as an in situ blowing agent to foam said polyurethane into a cellular or microcellular polyurethane foam. In another aspect, the present invention relates to a process for forming an integral skin cellular or microcellular polyurethane foam by reacting, in a closed mold, a polyisocyanate with a carboxy-modified polyol to form a polyurethane and carbon dioxide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to using lithium salts of an organic material having 2 to 30 carbon atoms and at least one carboxylic acid in a rigid polyurethane formulation to produce foams having energy absorbing properties.

Abstract: The invention relates to low density cellular, rigid polyurethanes which employ the dimethyl esters of adipic, glutaric and succinic acids and mixtures thereof in conjunction with nonylphenol as cell-opening agents. The use of this ester phenol mixture obviates the need of other surfactants, particularly silicone surfactants which reduce the adhesion of the urethanes to fabrics in pour-behind-fabric applications.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing a cellular or microcellular polyurethane foam wherein the reactants provide a built-in blowing capability. The process is effected by reacting a polyisocyanate with a carboxy-modified polyol to form a polyurethane and carbon dioxide, said carbon dioxide acting as an in situ blowing agent to foam said polyurethane into a cellular or microcellular polyurethane foam, said foam being formed in the absence of any chlorinated fluorocarbon blowing agents. In another aspect, the present invention relates to a process for forming an integral skin cellular or microcellular polyurethane foam by reacting, in a closed mold, a polyisocyanate with a carboxy-modified polyol to form a polyurethane and carbon dioxide.

Abstract: A method for preparing a polyurethane foam which comprises reacting an organic polyisocyanate and a polyol in the presence of a blowing agent, cell stabilizer and a catalyst composition which comprises a quaternary ammonium carboxylate inner salt having the following formula I ##STR1## where R.sub.1 -R.sub.3 are independently C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.8 cycloalkyl or a heterocycle, C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 aryl or heteroaromatic. R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 or R.sub.1 -R.sub.3 together with the nitrogen atom can also be part of nitrogen containing ring system such as piperdine, morpholine, triethylenediamine, imidazole, or 1,8-diazabicyclo-[5.4.0]-undec-7-ene. R.sub.4 is a divalent R.sub.1.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of filled heat-curable compounds of the polyurethane type by reaction of condensation of the constituents of the desired compound in the presence of a pulverulent filler, which is characterized in that the said filler is predispersed in the presence of a stabilizing agent in a liquid organic phase compatible with the desired heat-curable compound in the course of its formation reaction, the said filler being then in the form of a homogeneous and stable suspension, and the suspension thus prepared is then introduced into the reaction mixture before, during or after the introduction of at least one of the constituents of the desired heat-curable compound.The process according to the invention makes it possible to produce compounds of the polyurethane type whose mechanical and physical characteristics are at least equivalent or even improved in relation to those of the unfilled identical compounds by virtue of the excellent distribution of the inorganic filler.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing flexible, semi-flexible or rigid polyurethane foam plastics from a polyfunctional isocyanate and a polyhydric compound. More specifically, the invention involves the substitution of some portion of the hydroxy groups on the polyhydric compound with acetoacetate groups. Such substitution reduces the viscosity of the polyhydric resin without effecting the performance properties of the foams. Various substitution levels can be used depending on the desired level of viscosity reduction.

Abstract: A flexible plasticized polyurethane foam is taught in which water is used as the foaming agent and a plasticizer selected from phthalate, phosphate ester adn bezoat plasticizers is added to improve the softness and flexibility of the polyurethane.

Abstract: A method of preparing polyurethane packaging foam for dispensing into a container in which an article is present to be packaged for shipping, wherein the temperature of the polyurethane foam being dispensed into the container is reduced, as is the maximum reaction exotherm temperature. The method involves reacting polymeric isocyanate and polyoxyalkylated polyol precursors in the presence of water as the blowing agent for the foam. A nucleating agent is present in at least one of the precursors and is present in an amount sufficient to reduce the dispensing temperature of the foam reaction product but also the exotherm as the reaction continues to completion. Incorporation of a nucleating agent into the isocyanate and polyol resin components results in a carbon dioxide blown polyurethane packaging foam preferably having a density of 0.2 lb./ft..sup.3 to 2.0 lb./ft..sup.3.

Abstract: An expandable, powder coating composition is disclosed which includes (a) a thermoplastic resin containing a hydroxyl group-containing polymer, (b) a cross-linking agent containing a polyisocyanate compound which is capable crosslinking the thermoplastic resin, (c) a blowing agent, and (d) a mixture of a solid plasticizer such as triphenyl phosphate and a liquid plasticizer such as dioctyl phthalate.

Abstract: Stable, emission-free, low-shrinkage, fireproof aminoplastic cellular foams are obtained by using an unsaturated, halogenated polyalcohol in the resin precondensate constituent and a dodecylbenzolsulphonic acid partially esterified preferably with a fatty alcohol and a long-chain polyhydric alcohol, preferably a polyethylene glycol, in the foaming agent hardener consituent. The foams are particularly suitable for building construction and for covering, as well as in the agricultural sector and or oil absorption. For certain of these applications, the resin pre-condensate constituent of the invention can be processed with a conventional foamer hardener constituent or the foamer hardener constituent of the invention can be processed with a conventional resin precondensate constituent.

Abstract: A process for the production of cellular plastics by the polyisocyanate polyaddition process, by reactinga) an organic and/or modified organic polyisocyanate withb) at least one relatively high-molecular-weight compound containing at least two reactive hydrogen atoms, and, if desired,c) a low-molecular-weight chain extender and/or crosslinking agent,in the presence ofd) a blowing agente) a catalyst andf) assistants and/or additives,wherein the blowing agent (d) usedd1) a low-boiling, fluorinated or perfluorinated tertiary alkylamine, ora mixture of (d1) and at least one physical or chemical blowing agent (d2) which is different from (d1), and blowing agent-containing emulsions comprising the abovementioned blowing agent (d1) or a blowing agent mixture of (d1) and (d2) and the starting components (a), (b), (c) or (b) and (c).

Abstract: Addition of minor quantities of mono- or dicarboxylic acids to polyurethane foam formulations which employ polyisocyanate polyaddition polymer polyol dispersions prevents shrinkage and tightness in polyurethane foams prepared therefrom. If acid addition is made directly after dispersion preparation, reduction of polyol viscosity and more rapid stabilization against viscosity change is observed.

Abstract: Blowing agents and blowing agent mixtures for preparing a cellular thermosetting plastic foam comprise either (1) a non-chlorinated, partially hydrogenated fluorocarbon with the general formula H.sub.x F.sub.y C.sub.z ; (2) a non-chlorinated, partially hydrogenated fluorocarbon ether with the general formula H.sub.x F.sub.y C.sub.z --O--C.sub.m F.sub.n H.sub.p ; (3) a non-chlorinated, non-hydrogenated, fully fluoronated fluorocarbon; (4) an azeotropic mixture having a boiling point below 50 degrees Celsius; or (5) any mixture of the foregoing. The azeotropic mixtures are produced from organic compounds having surface active properties that enable the blended azeotropic mixture to become miscible with polymer resins. Among the preferred compounds for use in azeotropic mixtures are n-pentane, acetone, methyl alcohol, methyl formate, ethyl formate, ethyl alcohol, 2-methyl butane, nitromethane, cyclopentane, 2,3,-dimethyl butane, 2,2,-dimethyl butane, and dimethyl sulfide.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a hard foam containing urethane groups or containing urethane and isocyanurate groups involves reactinga) an organic and/or modified organic polyisocyanate withb) at least one high-molecular-weight compound containing at least two reactive hydrogen atoms and, if desired,c) a low-molecular-weight chain extender and/or cross-linking agent,in the presence ofd) a blowing agent,e) a catalyst and, if desired,f) assistants and/or additives,where the blowing agent (d) used is at least one organic carboxylic acid, preferably an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid, alone or in combination with water and/or a physical blowing agent, and the catalyst (e) used is a polyisocyanurate catalyst, preferably an alkali metal salt or ammonium salt of an organic carboxylic acid or tris(dialkylaminoalkyl)-s-hexahydrotriazine.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a novel internal release agent, a mixture of isocyanate reactive materials containing the release agent and a RIM process using the release agent. The novel release agent is a reaction product of 1) a polyester prepared by reacting (a) a polymerized fatty acid with (b) a relatively low molecular weight hydroxy group containing compound, and 2) a saturated monocarboxylic acid.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a novel internal release agent, a mixture of isocyanate reactive materials containing the release agent and a RIM process using the release agent. The novel release agent is an ester prepared by reacting a specific tetrol with a mixture of a saturated and an unsaturated acid.

Abstract: A non-toxic chlorine and fluorine free solvent can be used as the major component in a carrying agent for PVC foam products made in a hot mold process.

Abstract: A multi-component foamable silicone composition is described and claimed which is capable of curing quickly at 20.degree. C. to provide a low density foamed mass. The composition comprises (A) one or more polydiorganosiloxanes having not less than three alkyl-hydrogensiloxane units per molecule, (B) one or more polydiorganosiloxanes having not less than two alkenyl-siloxane units (C) a liquid alcohol, (D) a fluorinated silicone foam stabilizing material and (E) a platinum catalyst for promoting reaction between the components. The composition may be packaged as two or more individually stable parts of substantially equal volume and viscosity each in a receptacle of material which is adapted to be opened by rupture so as to release the components for admixture. The composition is intended for use in forming a foam medical dressing by dispensing onto a surface e.g. an open wound and allowing the composition to cure at room temperature.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a RIM process and an isocyanate-reactive mixture useful therein. The mixture comprisesi) a polyether having at least two isocyanate-reactive groups and a molecular weight of from 1800 to 12,000 in which at least 50% of the isocyanate-reactive groups are primary and/or secondary amine groups,ii) an amine-terminated chain extender, andiii) from 2 to 20 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of components b) and c) of propylene carbonate.

Abstract: Disclosed are rigid polyurethane-polyisocyanurate foams prepared from polyisocyanates, polyols, trimer catalysts and a blowing agent mixture comprising (i) a halocarbon, and (ii) an organic carboxylic acid, and, optionally water.The foams have excellent aged K-factor values at fluorocarbon levels reduced by up to 75 percent over prior art materials.

Abstract: An improved method of using polymer compositions to produce foamed plastics, wherein a major, auxiliary source of blowing agent for the foam is the decomposition of dialkyl dicarbonates. The dialkyl dicarbonates can be decomposed over temperatures ranging from about 10.degree. C. to about 45.degree. C. when used in combination with particular tertiary amine decomposition catalysts. Enhanced production of carbon dioxide is obtained by the addition of water.

Abstract: The present invention relates to foam compositions which are expanded with hydrohalocarbon blowing agents in the presence of additives which decrease the formation of haloalkenes during the polymerization. Thus, the present invention provides compositions comprising polyisocyanate, polyol, hydrohalocarbon blowing agent, catalyst, surfactant, and at least one additive wherein the additive is capable of decreasing the amount of decomposition of said dehydrohalocarbon blowing agent to haloalkenes during polymerization of the polyisocyanate and the polyol.Depending upon the polyol and polyisocyanate used and the quantity of polyisocyanate used, the compositions may be used in pour-in-place molded foams; rigid urethane spray foams; rigid high and low density foams for slabstock, froth foams, and molded foams; rigid laminated boardstock; or specialty foams.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of polymeric foams which comprises reacting an organic polyisocyanate with a cyclic carbonate having at least one isocyanate-reactive substitutent attached to the carbonate ring.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for producing a molded product by a) reacting i) an organic polyisocyanate, ii) an hydroxyl group containing component having an average hydroxyl number of 300 or more, an average hydroxyl functionality of from 2 to 8, and an average molecular weight of no more than about 500, and iii) a carboxylic acid, in a closed mold, b) allowing the components to react, and c) removing the product from the mold.

Abstract: A non-toxic chlorine and fluorine free solvent can be used as the major component in a carrying agent for PVC foam products made in a hot mold process.

Abstract: A process for preparing a soft flexible polyurethane foam by reacting (a) one or more organic polyisocyanates with (b) one or more polyols having a molecular weight in the range from about 400 to about 12,000, in the presence of (c) a catalyst, (d) a blowing agent, and (e), if desired, auxiliaries and/or additives, wherein the blowing agent (d) comprises water in admixture with about 0.01 to about 1 pbw, per 100 pbw polyol (b), of one or more non-crosslinked organic polyelectrolytes having a molecular weight in the range from about 1000 to about 20,000,000.

Abstract: A fire retardant composition comprising a dispersion of a solid fire retardant additive in a liquid isocyanate-reactive compound having a functionality of from 2 to 8 and an average equivalent weight of from about 31 to about 5000 and, as anti-settling agent, an effective amount of a fatty acid ester and/or amide. The composition is useful for preparing polyurethane foams.

Abstract: A method of producing a polyurethane foam comprising the steps of dissolving rapidly and substantially completely a non-condensible non-reactive gas in a liquid isocyanate component or a liquid polyol component or both while the isocyanate and polyol components are maintained separate from one another, while controlling the flow of the non-reactive gas to maintain a predetermined dissolved gas to liquid ratio, and while maintaining the component in which the nucleating agent is being dissolved under pressure sufficient to maintain the gas in solution and to hold substantially constant the dissolved gas to liquid ratio and mixing the previously separated isocyanate and polyol components together while reducing the pressure to nucleate the dissolved gas in the isocyanate and polyol components and while impinging liquid streams of the composition together thereby enhancing mixing and permitting the mixture to foam so as to form a fine celled polyurethane foam.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process of producing microcellular from which comprises the steps of:(a) selecting a multifunctional epoxy oligomer resin;(b) mixing said epoxy resin with a non-reactive diluent to form a resin-diluent mixture;(c) forming a diluent containing cross-linked epoxy gel from said resin-diluent mixture;(d) replacing said diluent with a solvent therefore;(e) replacing said solvent with liquid carbon dioxide; and(f) vaporizing off said liquid carbon dioxide under supercritical conditions, whereby a foam having a density in the range of 35-150 mg/cc and cell diameters less than about 1 .mu.m is produced.Also disclosed are the foams produced by the process.

Abstract: The invention relates to low density cellular, rigid polyurethanes which employ the dimethyl esters of adipic, glutaric and succinic acids and mixtures thereof as cell opening agents. The use of these esters obviates the need for the use of other surfactants particularly, silicone surfactants which reduce the adhesion of the urethanes to fabrics in pour-behind-fabric applications.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of polymeric foams which comprises reacting an organic polyisocyanate with a cyclic carbonate having at least one isocyanate-reactive substituent attached to the carbonate ring.

Abstract: The present invention is related to polyurethane/polyisocyanurate foams containing a mixture of aliphatic dibasic esters, comprising varying amounts of the dimethyl esters of adipic, glutaric, and succinic acids. The foams of the present invention exhibit reduced smoke generating characteristics when compared to the same foam without the dibasic esters.

Abstract: A melamine preparation consisting of 80 to 99.9% by weight of melamine having an average particle size of 0.01 to 0.1 mm and 0.1 to 20% by weight of urea, thiourea, biuret or urea or thiourea substituted by lower alkyl groups and a stable dispersion in polyether polyols prepared therefrom, which is used for the preparation of flame-resistant polyurethane foams.

Abstract: A method of using blowing agent compositions to produce foamed plastics such as polyurethanes, polyesters and the like, wherein a major auxiliary source of blowing agent for the foam is the decomposition of dialkyl dicarbonates. The dialkyl dicarbonates can be decomposed over temperatures ranging from about 10.degree. C. to about 45.degree. C. when used in combination with particular tertiary amine decomposition catalysts.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process of producing microcellular foam which comprises the steps of:(a) selecting a multifunctional epoxy oligomer resin;(b) mixing said epoxy resin with a non-reactive diluent to form a resin-diluent mixture;(c) forming a diluent containing cross-linked epoxy gel from said resin-diluent mixture;(d) replacing said diluent with a solvent therefore;(e) replacing said solvent with liquid carbon dioxide; and(f) vaporizing off said liquid carbon dioxide under supercritical conditions, whereby a foam having a density in the range of 35-150 mg/cc and cell diameters less than about 1 .mu.m is produced.Also disclosed are the foams produced by the process.

Abstract: Compositions for producing foamed products which include additives and blowing agents which cause the surface treatment additives to migrate to the surfaces of foamed products. The products produced from the compositions require less additives because the incorporated additives are concentrated at the surface thereof.

Abstract: Open-celled, elastic, flexible polyurethane foams are made without using a chlorofluorocarbon blowing agent. A polyisocyanate is reacted with a polyether in the presence of water and from about 0.1 to abour 10% by weight (based on polyether) of an organic blowing agent selected from dicarbonic acid alkyl esters, dicarbonic acid cycloalkyl esters, dicarbonic acid benzyl esters and combinations thereof. Optional starting materials include catalysts, chain lengthening agents, emulsifiers and other commonly used additives.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of a special class of sulfonic and phosphonic acids, and salts of the acids, to give improved nucleation for foam extrusion of thermoplastics using either dissolved gas or chemical blowing agents to produce foam.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a composition of matter and to a method of using the composition to produce foamed plastics, wherein a major, auxiliary source of blowing agent for the foam is the decomposition of dialkyl dicarbonates. The dialkyl dicarbonates can be decomposed over temperatures ranging from about 10.degree. C. to about 45.degree. C. when used in combination with particular tertiary amine decomposition catalysts.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a RIM process and an isocyanate-reactive mixture useful therein. The mixture comprisesi) a polyether having at least two isocyanate-reactive groups and a molecular weight of from 1800 to 12,000 in which at least 50% of the isocyanate-reactive groups are primary and/or secondary amine groups,ii) an amine-terminated chain extender, andiii) from 2 to 20 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of components b) and c) of propylene carbonate.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for the production of molded polyurethane foams having a compact surface and a density of at least 250 kg/m.sup.3 by the in-mold foaming of a reaction mixture containinga) a polyisocyanate component containing at least one aromatic polyisocyanate,b) an isocyanate-reactive component containing at least one organic compound having at least two isocyanate-reactive groups andc) a blowing agentat an isocyanate index of 75 to 1500, characterized in that organic carboxylic acids are used as blowing agents c), optionally in addition to other chemical or physical blowing agents.The present invention is also directed to the molded polyurethane foams obtained by this process.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of a special class of sulfonic and phosphonic acids, and salts of the acids, to give improved nucleation for foam extrusion of thermoplastics using either dissolved gas or chemical blowing agents to produce foam.

Abstract: Method for polymerizing a monomer suspended in water which comprises:Preparing a polymerization mixture of a water immiscible, liquid, ethylenically unsaturated monomer, a polyisocyanate and an oil soluble free radical initiator, dispersing said mixture in a solution of water and a surfactant, and effecting polymerization of said monomer.

Abstract: Improved reinforced polyurethane/urea articles are made by reacting an organic polyisocyanate with low viscosity imino/enamine-functional compounds in contact with fiberous reinforcing agents.

Abstract: A method for preparing a flexible polyurethane foam, wherein a polyether-polyol having an average molecular weight from 1000 to 8000 and an average functionality not larger than 4, is brought into reaction with an organic polyisocyanate in the presence of a foam stabilizer, a catalyst and blowing agent comprising methylformate, wherein a cross-linker/extender and/or amine catalyst with delayed action is added to said reaction mixture.

Abstract: A shock-absorbing polyurethane foam is formed of a polyol component and a polyisocyanate component. The polyol component is a mixed polyol having an average hydroxyl number of 130-250 and composed at least of 20-70 parts by weight of a low-molecular polyol having a molecular weight of 300-500 and 80-30 parts by weight of a high-molecular polyol having a molecular weight of 1,500-8,000 per 100 parts by weight of the whole polyol component. The foam further contains 5-150 parts by weight of a plasticizer having a solidification point not higher than -20.degree. C. per 100 parts by weight of the whole polyol component. The foam can be produced by reacting the polyol component and polyisocyanate component in the presence of 5-150 parts by weight of the plasticizer per 100 parts by weight of the polyol component.