Abstract: A co-polymer composition for coating porous structural material includes a compatible surfactant resulting in a structural inter-bonding between the coating composition and the structural material. The co-polymer composition cured in a layer of unsupported foam has sufficient strength to be used as a substitute for comparably or larger sized layers of re-enforced concrete for conducting fluids while resisting compressive loads. A co-polymer foam composition for coating structural material cures to have an atmosphere-facing surface that is substantially impervious to corrosive substance penetration.

Abstract: A water-permeable and fire-resistant product and the preparing method thereof is disclosed. The waterpermeable and fire-resistant product is made of a fabric layer and a purous film adhered thereon. The porous film of this invention comprises polyurethane resin; a first fire-resistant agent; a second fire-resistant agent, an inorganic fire-resistant agent and an additive agent. The first fire-resistant agent used is selected from the group consisting of paraffine chlorinated, decabromodiphenyl oxide, hexachloro benzene, hexabromo benzene, pentabromo ethyl benzene, pentabromo diphenyl oxide and octabromo diphenyl ether. The second fire-resistant agent used is selected from the group consisting of Sb2O3 and Sb2O5. The surface of the product produced is smooth.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of a flexible foam, an integral skin foam or a microcellular elastomer by reacting an organic polyisocyanate and an isocyanate-reactive composition comprising at least one isocyanate-reactive compound of molecular weight of 1000 to 10000 and a functionality of 2 to 4 in the presence of a blowing agent, characterized in that the reaction is conducted in the presence of an inert, insoluble, organic liquid which has a boiling point of at least 60.degree. C. at 1 bar. CFC-free foams and elastomers of good quality are obtainable.

Abstract: The use of a liquid for the preparation of a rigid polyurethane and/or polyisocyanurate foam by reacting a polyisocyanate and a polyol in the presence of a blowing agent characterized in that the liquid is an inert, insoluble, non-blowing liquid. CFC-free foams may be obtained showing good insulating properties.

Abstract: A process is provided for the preparation of rigid forms which comprises the step of reacting an organic polyisocyanate with an isocyanate-reactive material in the presence of a blowing promotor being an isocyanate-reactive cyclic compound of formula: ##STR1## wherein Y is O or NR.sup.1 wherein each R.sup.1 independently is a lower alkyl radical of C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 or a lower alkyl radical substituted with an isocyanate-reactive group;each R independently is hydrogen, a lower alkyl radical of C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 or (CH.sub.2).sub.m --X wherein X is an isocyanate-reactive group which is OH or NH.sub.2 and m is 0, 1 or 2; andn is 1 or 2;with the proviso that at least one of R.sup.

Abstract: This invention relates to a polyurethane foam stabilizing additive that comprises from about 10 to about 50 weight percent a hydrocarbon oil, and in from about 90 to about 50 weight percent a polyester polyol which is a solid at room temperature. Use of the additive in a polyurethane foaming process provides for improved dimensional stability of the resulting foam. The additive is especially of value when preparing water blown polyether polyol-based polyurethane foam useful, for example, in sealant applications.

Abstract: A process for preparing a cellular polymer containing perforated cell windows in the presence of a perforating agent being a substance that has a critical surface free energy of less than about 23 mJ/m.sup.2 is disclosed. The cellular polymers obtained according to this invention have a fine cell structure and show enhanced dimensional and thermal insulation stability. The invention also relates to rigid polyurethane foam prepared in the presence of, for example, particulate poly(tetrafluoroethylene) or a liquid polyfluoro- or perfluorocarbon, with a boiling point of at least 130.degree. C., as perforating agent.

Abstract: A process for preparing a cellular polymer containing perforated cell windows in the presence of a perforating agent being a substance that has a critical surface free energy of less than about 23 mJ/m.sup.2 is disclosed. The cellular polymers obtained according to this invention have a fine cell structure and show enhanced dimensional and thermal insulation stability. The invention also relates to rigid polyurethane foam prepared in the presence of, for example, particulate poly(tetrafluoroethylene) or a liquid polyfluoro- or perfluorocarbon, with a boiling point of at least 130.degree. C., as perforating agent.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of a flexible foam, an integral skin foam or a microcellular elastomer by reacting an organic polyisocyanate and an isocyanate-reactive composition comprising at least one isocyanate-reactive compound of molecular weight of 1000 to 10000 and a functionality of 2 to 4 in the presence of a blowing agent, characterised in that the reaction is conducted in the presence of an inert, insoluble, organic liquid which has a boiling point of at least 60.degree. C. at 1 bar. CFC-free foams and elastomers of good quality are obtainable.

Abstract: The use of a liquid for the preparation of a rigid polyurethane and/or polyisocyanurate foam by reacting a polyisocyanate and a polyol in the presence of a blowing agent characterized in that the liquid is an inert, insoluble, non-blowing liquid. CFC-free foams may be obtained showing good insulating properties.

Abstract: The flame retardancy of flexible polyurethane foams is increased by incorporation into the foam forming reactants of a low molecular weight, high primary hydroxyl trifunctional polyether polyol having a hydroxyl number between 300 and 500 and a primary hydroxyl content greater than 50 percent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to foam compositions which are expanded with hydrohalocarbon blowing agents in the presence of additives which decrease the formation of haloalkenes during the polymerization. Thus, the present invention provides compositions comprising polyisocyanate, polyol, hydrohalocarbon blowing agent, catalyst, surfactant, and at least one additive wherein the additive is capable of decreasing the amount of decomposition of said dehydrohalocarbon blowing agent to haloalkenes during polymerization of the polyisocyanate and the polyol.Depending upon the polyol and polyisocyanate used and the quantity of polyisocyanate used, the compositions may be used in pour-in-place molded foams; rigid urethane spray foams; rigid high and low density foams for slabstock, froth foams, and molded foams; rigid laminated boardstock; or specialty foams.

Abstract: Polyol compositions comprising a polyol and a halogenated flame retardant are stabilized for storage and handling by the addition of a stabilizing amount of an amine.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon oils having a high aromaticity (at least 85%, preferably 95-100%) and a boiling point of about 342.degree. to about 510.degree. C. (about 650.degree. to about 950.degree. F.) are used as partial or total replacements for the foam stabilizers used in the preparation of both rigid, closed cell polyurethane foams and flexible, open cell polyurethane foams. These oils are useful as a replacement for both silicon surfactants and organic (i.e., non-silicon) surfactants. For certain blowing agents (e.g., trichlorofluoromethane and methylene chloride), hydrocarbon oils having a boiling point range of about 399.degree. to 454.degree. C. (about 750.degree. to about 850.degree. F.) are preferred. Highly aromatic oils having a boiling point of about 281.degree. to about 510.degree. C. are useful for reducing the vapor pressure of toluene diisocyanate and for preventing the low temperature crystallization of toluene diisocyanate or diphenylmethane diisocyanate.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of phosphorus-containing compounds, specifically cyclic organophosphorus compounds, as carbodiimidization catalysts in the preparation of open-celled flexible polyurethane foam for the purpose of controlling foam density and providing softer foams. foams that are softer and of lower density can be prepared with significantly reduced quantities of blowing agents in comparison to foams prepared in the absence of such phosphorus-containing compounds. Additionally, use of such catalysts provides for a reduced reaction exotherm during the preparation of the foam thereby minimizing foam discoloration or scorching. Preferred phosphorus-containing compounds are the 1-alkyl-1-oxophospholenes, especially 1-methyl-1-oxophospholene.

Abstract: Polyisocyanurate Rigid Foams having improved fire resistance and smoke emission characteristics can be achieved by employing high isocyanurate index (e.g., at least 500) together with a high relative amount of the polyisocyanurate in the foam formulation. Trimerization catalysts can be employed to prepare the polyisocyanurate foam.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition comprising a combustible material containing urethane linkages; and as a smoke and toxic gas suppressant, a polyester which has an acid value below 30 mg KOH/g, preferably below 10 mg KOH/g, and which is derived from:Ia.[A] a component which contains 4 carboxyl groups or anhydride thereof, and which is preferably an aromatic component, orIb. a mixture of [A] and [B]:[B] one or more components which contain 2 to 12, preferably 2 to 4, carboxyl groups or 1 to 6, preferably 1 or 2, carboxylic anhydride groups, selected from:[B.sub.1 ] an aliphatic carboxylic acid compnent containing 2-16 carbon atoms; [[B.sub.2 ] a cyclic non-aromatic carboxylic acid containing 7-17 carbon atoms; and[B.sub.3 ] an aromatic carboxylic acid containing 8-16 carbon atoms; andII.

Abstract: An aqueous mold release agent for the production of molded polyurethane articles, especially polyurethane soft foam articles, is provided which contains as substance effecting mold release at least a portion of one or more unsaturated oligomeric or polymeric hydrocarbons having molecular weights of at least 500 and iodine values of at least 60, preferably in combination with one or more foam stabilizers suited for polyurethane systems.

Abstract: A composition capable of providing a polyurethane resin having an improved lipophilic property which comprises an organic polyisocyanate compound, and a polyol component containing a polyether polyol having at least 10% by weight of units of an alkylene oxide having 6 or more carbon atoms, the polyether polyol having an excellent compatibility with an aliphatic hydrocarbon compound or with a hydroxy-terminated diene polymer, its hydrogenation product and a hydroxy-terminated olefin polymer.

Abstract: Flame retardant polyurethane foam compositions incorporate an effective amount of a polybrominated higher alkylbenzene as a flame retardant and, optionally, a polyaryl phosphate agent.

Abstract: A polyurethane foam composition for immobilization in traumatology containing the following components in mass %:hydroxyl-containing polyester: 20-30catalyst: 0.5-3.0foaming agent: 0.5-7.0foam stabilizer: 0.5-0.9low molecular polyolefin: 20-30polyisocyanate ensuring the ratio of the isocyanate and hydroxyl groups in the polyester equal to 1:1: the balance.

Abstract: Flame-retardant polyurethane products are produced by mixing and reacting a basic salt-forming compound with an acidic salt-forming compound containing phosphorus and/or halogen compounds in a polyol and/or a polyisocyanate, then reacting the polyol and polyisocyanate.The flame-retardant polyurethane products may be used for thermal and sound insulation, as a coating agent, as an adhesive. for caulking, for cushioning and for molding useful objects.

Abstract: Flexible polyurethane foams are used for a wide variety of applications including upholstery and bedding. Unfortunately polyurethane foams are inherently flammable. The invention overcomes this problem by using expandable graphite in the polyurethane foam-forming reaction mixture to improve the burning characteristics of the final foam. Expandable graphite is graphite containing one or more exfoliating agents so that considerable expansion will occur at high temperatures.

Abstract: Liquid bromine-containing alkoxylation products of butyne-(1,4)-diol which are storage stable are produced. More specifically, 1.5 to 2.5 mols alkylene oxide are reacted with each mol of butyne-(1,4)-diol present at elevated temperature in the presence of a catalyst. The catalyst is selected from (1) thioethers having a molecular weight of up to 5000 obtained by adding a mercaptan and/or mercaptoalcohol to an unsaturated hydrocarbon and/or (2) thioethers other than those of (1) having a molecular weight of from 500 to 5000 and/or (3) alkali metal chlorides. This alkoxylation product is then reacted with bromine at -10.degree. to 80.degree. C. The bromide is reoxidized with aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution, stabilized with a relatively non-volatile epoxide and dehydrated. The product thus obtained is particularly useful in the production of flame resistant isocyanate addition products such as polyurethane foams.

Abstract: A polyester polyurethane foam formulation useful in medical pads to support bedridden patients is described. The foam is formed by reaction of a polyester polyol, isocyanate and blowing agent combination of water and halogenated hydrocarbon auxiliary blowing agent. A halogenated flame retardant, e.g., an organophosphorus compound, is present. A liquid char forming and dripping ember retardant additive is also present.

Abstract: Polyorganosiloxane foams exhibiting a desirable combination of low density, an average cell size between 0.2 and 4 mm and a cell concentration of at least 4 per linear centimeter are obtained by dispensing and curing moisture curable organosiloxane compositions containing a dispersed liquid or gaseous blowing agent and, as a foam stabilizer, a resinous organosiloxane copolymer comprising trimethylsiloxy units, SiO.sub.4/2 units and fluorine-containing organosiloxane units. The polymer portion of the organosiloxane compositions can be a polydimethylsiloxane or a graft copolymer comprising at least 20 mole percent of dimethylsiloxane units in combination with organic units.

Abstract: Flexible, resilient, polyurethane foam having improved flame retardancy and intumescent properties is prepared from the reaction of polyether polyol with organic isocyanate and an additive combination comprising: (i) a polyester polyol, (ii) an halogenated flame retardant, and (iii) water or alcohol soluble urea-formaldehyde resin.

Abstract: Polyurethane foams prepared from the reaction of polyester polyol with organic isocyanate have improved flame retardance and dripping ember retardance by incorporation of an additive comprising (1) halogenated flame retardant, and (2) organic solvent soluble glycoluril-formaldehyde material.

Abstract: A modified low-density flexible polyurethane foam product having a relatively high degree of firmness as well as commercially acceptable dielectric heat sealing characteristics. The product formulation includes an intermediate constituted by a mixture of polyol and a polymer/polyol in a ratio imparting to the product a predetermined degree of firmness, and a thermoplastic additive whose dielectric loss index is greater than the loss index of polyurethane foam to impart to the product an acceptable dielectric heating response in a high frequency electric field. This response is enhanced by a styrene component included in the polymer/polyol.

Abstract: Polyurethane foams prepared from the reaction of polyester polyol with organic isocyanate have improved flame retardance and dripping ember retardance by incorporation of an additive comprising (1) halogenated flame retardant, and (2) water or alcohol soluble urea-formaldehyde resin.

Abstract: A polymer composition containing a flame retardant amount of tribromocumene. The polymer is preferably polyurethane and may be either foamed or non-foamed.

Abstract: A polymer composition containing a flame retardant amount of tribromocumene. The polymer is preferably polyurethane and may be either foamed or non-foamed.

Abstract: Synthetic polymer-propellant compositions are provided that are capable of forming foamed structures having a temperature at least 30.degree. C. below ambient temperature and containing open and/or closed cells, which may optionally contain a material which is deposited in the pores and/or walls of the structure as the structure is formed, and comprising:(a) a film-forming synthetic polymer is an amount within the range from about 2% to about 30% by weight of the composition;(b) at least one liquefied propellant boiling below -10.degree.

Abstract: A composition comprises polyurethane, a two-component flame retardant system consisting of an additive first flame retardant containing organophosphorus, and a second flame retardant containing organochlorine or organobromine.The composition of the invention may be employed for polyurethane foams, especially rigid foams.Diminished combustibility for rigid foam is measured by a flame-spread index less than 75 and a smoke developed index less than 450 when subjected to ASTM Test E-84, Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials.Dimethyl methylphosphonate is a representative additive organophosphorus first flame retardant. Trichloroisopropyl alcohol is a representative second flame retardant containing organochlorine.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of permanently self-extinguishing cellular maials essentially comprising brominated unsaturated polyester resins, containing conventional additives, having a density comprised between 300 and 700 g/l correlated to a resistance to compression, as of a formed product, higher than the curve shown in the attached FIG. 1, said process being characterized by the fact that a brominated unsaturated polyester resin, containing an amount of bound bromine comprised between 10 and 30%, preferably between 12 and 25% by weight, containing conventional additives, is subjected to foaming by mechanical incorporation therein of a gas or a gas mixture, until crosslinkable liquid foams are obtained, which latter are subsequently subjected to crosslinking by conventional methods. The present invention further refers to permanently self-extinguishing cellular materials thus obtained.

Abstract: The present invention relates to foams made of resol-type phenolic resins which do not discolor as quickly as prior-art phenolic foams. With the additive in accordance with the invention, even colored foams will not darken as readily. The foams in accordance with the invention contain as stabilizers salts of phosphinic acid or phosphonic acid, such as the primary alkali phosphites or the alkali phosphinates. The stabilizers, which protect the foams against the action of light and/or air and/or heat, are used in amounts ranging from 0.1 to 5 weight percent. The present invention further relates to methods of preparing such foams. In a preferred method, the stabilizers are admixed with an expandable resol-type phenolic resin, the mixture so obtained is mixed with the other substances necessary to formation of a foam, and the whole mixture is then foamed conventionally.

Abstract: A modified, flexible polyurethane foam product which incorporates a three-dimensional skeletal network of a thermoplastic additive whose dielectric loss index is greater than the loss index of polyurethane foam to impart to the product an acceptable dielectric heating response in a high-frequency electric field. The additive in particulate form is introduced into the polyurethane foam-forming reaction mixture, the additive having a gell point which is lower than the temperature level of the exothermic reaction which takes place when the mixture is caused to foam and expand. The additive is further characterized by a low order of viscosity whereby when rendered molten by the exothermic reaction, the particles are extruded by the expanding urethane mass to create tentacles that interlace the cellular urethane structure to form the skeletal network.

Abstract: This invention relates to hydrophilic, odorant-containing foam compositions having improved release ability of the odorant abetted by incorporating the odorant into a non-volatile, water insoluble oil or wax medium which is added to an aqueous reactant prior to reacting the aqueous reactant with a hydrophilic, isocyanate-terminated prepolymer to form a polyurethane foam.

Abstract: Epoxy compounds will react chemically with an amine to produce an epoxy prepolymer that will produce a self-standing cellular solid product upon heating.

Abstract: Flexible polyurethane foam having reduced tendency to form burning embers and which produces a char when it is ignited and burned is provided by incorporating into the reaction mixture before foaming an aldehyde or an aldehyde generator.In a preferred embodiment, flexible polyurethane foam of increased flame retardance is provided by also incorporating a flame retardant into the reaction mixture before foaming.

Abstract: This disclosure teaches synthetic polyurethane sponges manufactured with at least 4% of one or more additives dispersed therein. The additives may be soap, lotions, detergents, pesticides, lanolin, scouring particles, silicone oils, bath oils, or the like or combinations thereof. The sponges' skeletons are developed by reaction of a polyether or a polyester with a suitable isocyanate in the presence of a catalyst with the additives entrapped in voids of the sponges. An additive bearing material, i.e. a carrier material containing the additive is prepared. The carrier material is then mixed into a foam forming reaction mass. By this expedient the additive does not impair desired foam formation. The sponges are provided with high liquid absorbency and fine "hand" by virtue of manufacturing methods and specific catalysts employed.

Abstract: Polyether-based polyurethane foams including as the flame-retardant, an antimony compound, chlorine derived from at least one chlorinated paraffin and alumina trihydrate, and the polyol used to prepare the foams being a diol- or triol-based polyol wherein at least 50% of the hydroxyl end groups are primary hydroxyl end groups, having good flame-retardancy and without any significant fall-off in physical properties as the foams are able to tolerate relatively high levels of the flame retardant.

Abstract: A flexible or semi-rigid open-cell, polyurethane foam sealing material prepared from a polyisocyanate and a polyol component, a major portion of said polyol component consisting of a polyol derived from a dimer acid or castor oil, castor oil, or a mixture thereof in the presence of a blowing agent, a foam stabilizer, a catalyst, and, optionally, a lipophilic filler.

Abstract: A reaction product of a fatty acid ester and an organic polyisocyanate is included in a foamable reaction mixture containing an organic polyisocyanate to provide a molded product which can be removed from a mold whose surface has not been coated with conventional mold release agents.

Abstract: Polyurethane foams having modified properties, such as increased tensile strength, tear strength and improved compression-deflection characteristics are prepared by incorporating in a foam-forming composition, an effective amount of a cross-link promoter, selected from the group consisting of polyfunctional, polyunsaturated acrylates; polyfunctional, polyunsaturated methacrylates; triallyl cyanurate; methyl methacrylate; 1,5-cyclooctadiene and bis (.beta.-chloroethyl) vinyl phosphonate. After a foam is prepared from the composition, it is exposed to a radiation dosage sufficient to modify the properties of said foam.

Abstract: A flexible polyurethane foam is provided which is fire retardant and non-dripping upon exposure to flame. The flexible polyurethane foam is prepared by the reaction of a polyol, an isocyanate and a protein.

Abstract: Incorporating 500 to 5,000, preferably 2,000 to 4,000 parts per million of Fischer-Tropsch wax of high congealing point into beads of expandable polystyrene made by suspension polymerization yields greater advantages, and conditions (time, temperatures, and recipe) of the polymerization become less critical. The drying or conditioning step before the pre-expansion under particular conditions to generate a suitable cell structure need not be followed, and a step of coating with zinc stearate or the like before the pre-expansion may be omitted. Unexpanded beads are obtained which yield consistent cell structure, independent of conditions of their storage. Beads of higher pentane content can be used, and final articles of lower density may be obtained. The throughput of the pre-expander may be increased, and the beads, after pre-expansion, have good free-flowing (reduced clumping) and mold-filling characteristics.

Abstract: Epoxy compounds will react chemically with an amine to produce an epoxy prepolymer that will produce a self-standing cellular solid product upon heating.

Abstract: 1. In a process for preparing a cation exchange resin having a water-insoluble matrix and cation exchange groups bonded thereto, the improvement comprising employing as said matrix a solid copolymer of macroreticular structure which is permeated by small channels or voids into which liquids are able to penetrate, which matrix is prepared by copolymerizing a mixture consisting essentially of (1) a monovinyl carbocyclic aromatic compound or an ester of acrylic or methacrylic acid, with (2) a polyethylenically unsaturated monomer selected from the group consisting of a polyvinyl carbocyclic aromatic compound, an ester of a dihydric alcohol and an .alpha.-.beta.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to a one-step process for the production of elastomeric moldings which have a compact surface by the technique of reaction injection molding, using highly reactive systems of specific polyisocyanates, polyhydroxyl compounds and specific active aromatic polyamines. The instant invention further relates to active hydrogen containing blends useful in preparing elastomeric moldings, said blends comprising polyhydroxyl compounds, and specific active aromatic diamines. The blends herein may also contain catalyst for the reaction between hydroxyl groups and isocyanate groups.