Abstract: An aerogel composite material produced by compression molding of aerogel microspheres (powders) mixed together with a small percentage of polymer binder to form monolithic shapes in a cost-effective manner. The aerogel composites are formed by mixing aerogel microspheres with a polymer binder, placing the mixture in a mold and heating under pressure, which results in a composite with a density of 50-800 kg/m.sup.3 (0.05-0.80 g/cc). The thermal conductivity of the thus formed aerogel composite is below that of air, but higher than the thermal conductivity of monolithic aerogels. The resulting aerogel composites are attractive for applications such as thermal insulation since fabrication thereof does not require large and expensive processing equipment. In addition to thermal insulation, the aerogel composites may be utilized for filtration, ICF target, double layer capacitors, and capacitive deionization.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of aerogels by subcritical drying of inorganic and organic hydrogels and lyogels to give aerogels, dielectric drying methods being used.

Abstract: Reacting carbonyls, such as aldehydes and ketones, with amines produces a ketimine or aldimine and a water byproduct. When the ketimine or aldimine reaction occurs in a polymer composition, the polymer becomes foamed due to the evolution of water. Hence, carbonyl and amine containing compounds may be introduced into a polymeric composition to serve as an in-situ blowing agent. The carbonyl and amine containing compounds may be different polymers which will be combined through a ketimine or aldimine linkage to form a graft co-polymer, they may be small molecular weight additives that are placed in the composition with a polymer that is to be foamed as a byproduct of a ketimine or aldimine reaction of the additives, or they may be a polymer containing a carbonyl or amine moiety and a small molecular weight additive compound that will react with the moiety on the polymer to form a ketimine or aldimine.

Abstract: A process for making a crosslinked, highly porous body derived from a water-soluble, hydrogel polymer, wherein the porous body is characterized in that it has an open-celled 3-dimensional lattice structure, a density of less than about 1.0 g/cm.sup.3, a surface area of equal to or greater than about 30 m.sup.2 /g, and a compression strength of equal to or less than about 75% yield at 300 psi.

Abstract: This invention relates to an article comprising a potted electrical component in a structure, wherein the electrical component is potted in a polyimide composition. The invention also relates to a method of potting electrical components comprising the steps of (1) adding a polyimide precursor to a structure including an electrical component, (2) curing the polyimide precursor to form a polyimide composition encapsulating the electrical component.

Abstract: Polymeric foams with novel chemical compositions are prepared by the condensation of specially-synthesized precursors, which contain (in addition to carbon and hydrogen) one or more of the following elements: oxygen, fluorine, nitrogen (in structures with stable chemical bonds), silicon, boron, phosphorus (in high oxidation states), and certain metals (and/or their oxides and hydroxides). Upon mixing in the proper proportions and/or heating these precursors react rapidly to generate polymeric networks, consisting of heterocyclic crosslink centers, connected with heterochain segments; hydrogen is largely eliminated or replaced by fluorine. These structures possess inherent nonflammability and high thermoxidative stability. Foaming is effected by the gaseous by-products of the condensation reactions, as well as by the addition of foaming agents. The resulting foam products can be formulated to have a wide range of densities and flexibilities.

Abstract: A crosslinked, highly porous body derived from a water-soluble, hydrogel polymer, wherein the porous body is characterized in that it has an open-celled 3-dimensional lattice structure, a density of less than about 1.0 g/cm.sup.3, a surface area of equal to or greater than about 30 m.sup.2 /g, and a compression strength of equal to or less than about 75% yield at 300 psi.

Abstract: The present invention provides:a melamine resin foam obtained by foaming a resin composition comprising a melamine/formaldehyde condensate, a blowing agent and an isocyanate,a process for producing the above melamine resin foam, which comprises foaming a resin composition comprising a melamine/formaldehyde condensate, a blowing agent and an isocyanate, anda melamine/formaldehyde condensate used in the production of the above melamine resin foam, which is obtained by reacting melamine and formaldehyde in the presence of a silane coupling agent.The melamine resin foam of the present invention is free from the problems of the prior art, has solved the problem of fragility without impairing the good flame retardancy and low thermal conductivity inherently possessed by melamine resin foams, and causes no danger during the production.

Abstract: The present invention provides a melamine resin foam comprising a foam body obtained by foaming a resin composition composed mainly of a melamine-formaldehyde condensate and a blowing agent, and hydrophobic component coated on said foam body.This melamine resin foam is improved in fragility and water absorbability and in which the drawbacks of the prior art have been alleviated.

Abstract: A process for producing hollow particles of crosslinked melamine resin having a uniform particles diameter, said process comprising subjecting a water-soluble methyl-etherified-melamine resin precondensate to condensation reaction in the presence of a curing catalyst in an aqueous solution containing a water-soluble polymer with carboxyl groups or water-soluble copolymer of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer, when the reaction liquid becomes turbid, adding to the reaction mixture a substance which dissolves or swells the melamine resin, and continuing the condensation reaction, if necessary.

Abstract: This invention relates to highly porous, crosslinked bodies derived from nitrogen-containing polymers, and a process of producing the porous bodies which comprises dissolving a nitrogen-containing polymer to form a gel, ionically crosslinking the gel, and covalently further crosslinking the ionically crosslinked gel body.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing a highstrength a furan stone with high permeability and filtering effect mainly for protecting deep-drilled wells yielding mineral oil, natural gas and water against getting choked by sand. A mixture comprising an artificial resin as a binding material containing a catalyzer for controlling duration of binding and pumpability and an assorted granular material of high-strength forming the skeleton and salt filling and increasing pore spaces is homogenized and pumped into the corresponding producing section of the well into the area to be protected. After hardening of the mixture salt is dissolved from the obtained artificial stone and a filtering effect is achieved without binding the grains of the reservoir rock. Due to the mechanical characteristics and controlled porosity of the obtained artificial stone rock-parts, mainly sand delivered by the yielded fluidum into the well will be retained.

Abstract: Stable, emission-free, low-shrinkage, fireproof aminoplastic cellular foams are obtained by using an unsaturated, halogenated polyalcohol in the resin precondensate constituent and a dodecylbenzolsulphonic acid partially esterified preferably with a fatty alcohol and a long-chain polyhydric alcohol, preferably a polyethylene glycol, in the foaming agent hardener consituent. The foams are particularly suitable for building construction and for covering, as well as in the agricultural sector and or oil absorption. For certain of these applications, the resin pre-condensate constituent of the invention can be processed with a conventional foamer hardener constituent or the foamer hardener constituent of the invention can be processed with a conventional resin precondensate constituent.

Abstract: A process for producing hollow particles of crosslinked melamine resin having a uniform particles diameter, said process comprising subjecting a water-soluble methyl-etherified-melamine resin precondensate to condensation reaction in the presence of a curing catalyst in an aqueous solution containing a water-soluble polymer with carboxyl groups or water-soluble copolymer of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer, when the reaction liquid becomes turbid, adding to the reaction mixture a substance which dissolves or swells the melamine resin, and continuing the condensation reaction, if necessary.

Abstract: Moldings, in particular foams and fibers, based on melamine/formaldehyde condensation products, in which from 0.1 to 70 mol % of the melamine have been replaced by melamine substituted by from 1 to 3 hydroxyoxaalkyl groups of the formula--(CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --O).sub.n --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --OHn=1-5)have increased elasticity.

Abstract: A method of producing elastic foam having a base of polyurethane, in particular for use in the field of automobiles for sound damping. Allows production of foam parts directly in a desired shape in as few operations as possible. The foam is formed from a mixture of at least one polyurethane precondensate, at least on melamine precondensate and further additives for the foaming.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the production of light resistant and exhaust gas resistant PUH elastomer threads and films based on segmented polyurethane ureas which are based on diisocyanate mixtures of from 30 to 85 mol% of trans-1,4-cyclohexylene diisocyanate and from 70 to 15 mol% of other aliphatic or cycloaliphatic diisocyanates. The diisocyanates are first reacted with relatively high molecular weight dihydroxy compounds and optionally low molecular weight diols to form an isocyanate prepolymer which is then reacted with aliphatic diamines or diamine mixtures, preferably ethylene diamine, in highly polar solvents, optionally in the presence of salt type solubilizing agents such as lithium salts and preferably with the aid of aliphatic chain terminators, in particular those having a cycloaliphatic structure, to produce elastomer solutions which are stable under processing conditions.

Abstract: Organic aerogels that are transparent and essentially colorless are prepa from the aqueous, sol-gel polymerization of melamine with formaldehyde. The melamine-formaldehyde (MF) aerogels have low densities, high surface areas, continuous porsity, ultrafine cell/pore sizes, and optical clarity.

Abstract: Moldings, in particular foams and fibers, based on melamine/formaldehyde condensation products, in which from 0.1 to 70 mol% of the melamine have been replaced by melamine substituted by from 1 to 3 hydroxyoxaalkyl groups of the formula--(CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --O).sub.n --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --OH (n=1-5)have increased elasticity.

Abstract: Organic aerogels that are transparent and essentially colorless are prepa from the aqueous, sol-gel polymerization of melamine with formaldehyde. The melamine-formaldehyde (MF) aerogels have low densities, high surface areas, continuous porsity, ultrafine cell/pore sizes, and optical clarity.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a detergent and a method of producing the same. The detergent is for textile surfaces and especially for textile floor coverings. The detergent includes a pulverized, porous carrier including a foamed, plastified urea-formaldehyde resin foam. The carrier material is enriched with detergent so that the finished product with respect to the carrier material has a weight per unit volume of 60 kg/m.sup.3 and an apparent density of 50 to 150 grams/liter; the granular size of the carrier material is between 0.01 and 12 mm; the surfactant containing water, which adheres to the carrier material, is stored in the carrier material in a completely homogeneous manner in a share of maximally 80% by weight referred to the weight of the carrier material; and, the detergent is produced from the mixture of the carrier material with a highly concentrated aqueous cleaning solution.

Abstract: Spray dried thermosetting resin powders in an intermediate polymeric stage are produced in the form of hollow, thick-walled, macrospherical particles having a bulk density greater than about 35 lbs/ft.sup.3 and having particle diameters predominantly in the range of about 10 to 74 microns, preferably averaging about 30 microns in diameter with greater than 90% of the particles being in the 10 to 74 micron range. The powder is produced by centrifugal atomization of a concentrated resin solution through a porous sintered metal filter in a spray drying chamber, preferably without diluting or preheating the solution and without heating the resinous material above about 160.degree. F. during spray drying. The particles are advantageously used in the dry process molding of consolidated wood fiber structures, such as waferboard and chipboard, in which wood fiber elements mixed with the resin powder are consolidated under heat and pressure sufficient to cause the powder to melt, flow and cure.

Abstract: Resilient foams based on melamine resins are prepared by foaming an aqueous solution which contains a melamine/formaldehyde precondensate, an emulsifier, a volatile blowing agent and a curing agent and then curing the foam. In this process, from 0.2 to 4% by weight of an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or aluminum salt of an organic, preferably polybasic acid, of a polyphosphoric acid or of a boron acid are added to the aqueous solution.

Abstract: The invention relates to new sound- and heat-insulating compositions, which comprise a finely dispersed leather powder of animal origin, a phenoplast resin or an aminoplast resin and optionally, together with the latter one, urea and/or a modified furane resin and optionally a wetting and/or foaming agent and an acid catalyst and optionally water.The compositions according to the invention have remarkable noise- and heat-insulating properties.

Abstract: A resilient foam, based on a melamine-formaldehyde condensate, which exhibits a number of important performance characteristics, namely:(a) low bulk density(b) low heat conductivity(c) low compressive strength(d) low modulus of elasticity(e) large deflection on break(f) low flammabilityThe foam may be used particularly for heat and sound insulation in the construction industry.

Abstract: A U.F. foam that is diamensionally stable, but low in formaldehyde, was made by adding to a conventional solution of a urea formaldehyde resin precondensate, before foaming, up to 50% urea, relative to the solid resin substance, and one or several connecting agents from the group of sulfurous alkyl compounds, saturated monobasic carbonic acids, saturated and unsaturated dicarbonic acids, purine compounds, inorganic acids of the group of halogens and chalcogens, and their salts, phosphoric acids and their salts, alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts, in such quantity and in such a way that the pH of the resulting solution remains above 7; and subsequently foaming the solution with a hardener/foaming-agent solution in the conventional manner.

Abstract: A method for forming a molded polymer foam structure comprising expanding solvent imbibed polymer particles selected from the group consisting of a polyetherimide, a polycarbonate and a polyphenylene oxide-polystyrene blend and fusing the expanded particles together in a mold.

Abstract: A method for forming a molded thermoplastic foam structure comprising partially filling a mold with solvent imbibed particles of a thermoplastic resin, pressurizing said mold under conditions such as to prevent vaporization of said blowing agent during subsequent polymer melting, heating said polymer to a flowable state, releasing the mold pressure to permit foaming of the melt and expansion of the foamed polymer within the mold.

Abstract: Stabilized melamine resin foams contain, as a stabilizer, a copper or iron compound in an amount corresponding to from 10 ppm to 3%, based on the weight of the melamine resin, of Cu or Fe, preferably an oxide, hydroxide or carbonate of copper.

Abstract: Phenolic foams and a method of producing phenolic foam material from phenol-formaldehyde resins having a phenol to formaldehyde mole ratio of between about 1:3 and 1:4.5 are described. These materials are useful for insulation and other uses, particularly in the building trades. They are dimensionally and thermally stable, fire resistant and low in cost.

Abstract: A material with high mechanical strength and a density close to 1 is obtained by:(a) dispersing on weight basis 10-15% of a melamine-formol resin, 10-50% of hollow microspheres, and optionally up to 60% of light aggregates, in water;(b) mixing the resultant dispersion in the presence of a cross-linking catalyst, e.g., ammonium chloride, for the melamine-formol resin, until a fluid paste is obtained; and(c) allowing said fluid paste to harden into the desired material.

Abstract: A resilient foam, based on a melamine-formaldehyde condensate, which exhibits a number of important performance characteristics, namely:(a) low bulk density(b) low heat conductivity(c) low compressive strength(d) low modulus of elasticity(e) large deflection on break(f) low flammabilityThe foam may be used particularly for heat and sound insulation in the construction industry.

Abstract: Residual formaldehyde contained in urea formaldehyde structures is immobilized by subjecting the structure to a gaseous mixture of a carrier/penetrating gas and a reactive gas chosen from the group consisting of anhydrous ammonia, ozone and mixtures thereof for a period sufficient to react with and immobilize the formaldehyde. In building construction utilizing urea formaldehyde foamed in place insulation the method comprises the steps of injecting the gaseous mixture of the carrier/penetrating gas with anhydrous ammonia, ozone or a mixture of anhydrous ammonia and ozone into the stud space containing the foamed in place urea formaldehyde insulation. For structures in which particle board or similar manufactured sheet material contains residual formaldehyde the formaldehyde may be reacted by exposure of the surface of the panel to anhydrous ammonia, ozone or mixtures thereof contained in the carrier/penetrating gas.

Abstract: A foamable ink composition which comprises a water-based printing ink, a foaming agent and a pseudoplastic additive. The ink, foaming agent and pseudoplastic additive are foamed with a compressed gas. The pseudoplastic additive aids in the mixing of the ink with the gas and enhances the stability of the foam. The foam is especially adapted for application to a gravure cylinder where it is doctored to convert the foam bubbles into thin discrete membranes spanning the gravure cells. These membranes then are transferred, either directly or indirectly to a moving web.

Abstract: Amino-resin products, which include aminoplast foams, can be modified by reacting an aminoplast precondensate, which contains an excess of formaldehyde or to which supplemental formaldehyde or another lower monoaldehyde or dialdehyde has been added before processing, with a hardening agent or with a solution of hardening agent, surfactant, and foamer in the presence of an additive that consists of one or more mononuclear or binuclear phenols, phenolic ethers, or acenaphthene derivatives with the overall formulas ##STR1## in which X is H, OH, SO.sub.3 H, Cl, CH.sub.3, or C.sub.2 H.sub.5 andR is H or an alkyl radical, with 1 to 9 carbon atoms, at a pH between about 1 and 2, mixed if necessary with aromatic sulphonic acids, at a pH between about 1 and 2. The modified products can be employed wherever free formaldehyde is undesirable.

Abstract: Composition based on a urea-formaldehyde polycondensate, suitable for the preparation of solid foams to be used as thermal insulating materials, characterized in that said composition contains hexamethylenetetramine in quantities comprised between 2% and 15% by weight with respect to the content of dry product of the composition.

Abstract: In a process for the preparation of microcapsules based on a melamine-formaldehyde resin, in which the microcapsules are obtained by condensing a melamine-formaldehyde precondensate, its C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl ethers, or mixtures thereof, in water in which the material forming the capsule core is dispersed, at a pH of from 3 to 6.5 and at from 20.degree. to 100.degree. C., the improvement that the water contains a homopolymer or copolymer which possesses sulfonic acid groups but is devoid of phenyl or sulfophenyl groups and has a K value of from 100 to 170 or a viscosity of from 200 to 5,000 mPa.s (shearing gradient 489 s.sup.-1 ; 20% strength solution at 25.degree. C.), and that the melamine-formaldehyde precondensate is added continuously, or in portions, in step with the rate of condensation.The process gives individual capsules which are highly impermeable. The capsules are exceptionally useful for the production of pressure-sensitive recording materials.

Abstract: A glue foamable to high density comprises an aqueous alkaline thermosetting resin and a surfactant comprising (1) a fatty acid amide of the alkanol-amines or (2) a tertiary amine oxide used in amount sufficient to render the glue foamable to a stable foam having a density of at least 0.5 and a viscosity of from 1,000 to 20,000 centipoises upon being beaten with air. The glue is useful particularly in the manufacture of plywood.

Abstract: A process for producing amine formaldehyde resin foam by using a precondensate for the amine formaldehyde resin, a foaming agent, a surfactant and a curing agent is disclosed. Said process is characterized in that the foaming agent is selected from the group consisting of aliphatic hydrocarbons or halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons having a boiling point in the range of from about -30.degree. C. to about 30.degree. C., the foaming agent is used in amount of from about 0.07 mol to about 1.0 mol per 100 gr. of solid content of the precondensate for resin (residue obtained by heating the precondensate in accordance with JIS K 5400 8.2.1.), the process comprising mixing the precondensate, the foaming agent and the surfactant, emulsifying the resulting mixture at a specified pressure at a temperature of at least 0.degree. C. and higher than the boiling point of the foaming agent by 5.degree.-50.degree. C.

Abstract: Formaldehyde suppression is accomplished in urea formaldehyde foamed insulation by adding, prior to the foaming, a small but effective amount of a formaldehyde off-gassing suppressant, which is calcium metasilicate.

Abstract: A method of reducing the formaldehyde emissions from formaldehyde condensation polymers is disclosed. A substance having two or more amide linkages, such as a polyacrylamide polymer is incorporated in the polymer solution immediately or shortly before use, the acrylamide polymer reacting with free formaldehyde in the solution or that generated as a result of hydrolytic breakdown of the formaldehyde condensation polymer. The incorporation of polyacrylamide polymers in a urea-formaldehyde resin solution used in the production of urea-formaldehyde insulating foams is of particular benefit.

Abstract: The residual formaldehyde existing in the aqueous dispersion of microcapsules each having a capsule wall of an aldehyde polycondensation resin formed by polycondensation of formaldehyde with an amine in the presence of an acid catalyst is removed by adjusting the aqueous dispersion to an alkaline state, adding to the aqueous dispersion at least one reaction catalyst which is a member selected from the group consisting of metal hydroxides, phosphates, calcium salts and magnesium salts, and then heating and agitating the aqueous dispersion to cause a reaction to remove residual formaldehyde therefrom.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of a resilient foam based on a melamine-formaldehyde condensate, wherein an aqueous or alcoholic solution or dispersion containing a melamine-formaldehyde precondensate, an emulsifier, a blowing agent and a hardener is foamed by ultra-high-frequency irradiation and the foam is hardened by crosslinking the precondensate. The foam may be employed for heat and sound insulation, and as a packaging material.

Abstract: A method for preparing macroporous aminotriazine-aldehyde resins by reaction in the presence of an acid catalyst and a miscible porogen. The resin product has high surface area and porosity and displays excellent sorption capacity.

Abstract: A process and apparatus are provided for making desired shapes of urea-formaldehyde suitable for use as insulation from urea-formaldehyde foam. Fluid urea-formaldehyde foam (A) is formed into discrete particles (A') in particle generator (10) which also partially cures particles (A'). After particles (A') are fully cured, they are blended with fluid urea-formaldehyde foam in mixing apparatus (11) which includes blending head (66) to produce mixture (C) which is a coherent mass. Mixture (C) is molded to the desired cross-sectional shape by molding conveyor (12). Cutter (132) cuts formed mixture (C) into the desired length. Thereafter oven (146) is utilized for fully curing the product which is then enclosed in a suitable packaging material.

Abstract: An improvement in intumescent compositions is provided comprising, in part, melamine formaldehyde resin, a cross-linking agent, and a hydrophilic setting agent. The composition chemically absorbs water to yield an intumescent material with reduced cracking properties which decomposes into gas and a solid foam residue upon heating.

Abstract: A method for producing stable urea-formaldehyde polymers which have reduced aldehyde vapor emissions during their production and use is disclosed, such urea-formaldehyde polymers particularly useful in the production of urea-formaldehyde insulating foam and as adhesives in the production of plywood and particleboard. An alkali or alkaline earth metal borohydride is added to the urea-formaldehyde resin solution prior to or during cure thereof. The boroydride reacts with free formaldehyde in the resin solution or any free formaldehyde subsequently generated in the resin due to hydrolytic break down. The amount of borohydride added the resin solution should be sufficient to reduce the emission of free formaldehyde therefrom.

Abstract: Opacifying agents of improved structural integrity and light scattering ability are disclosed. These agents are composed of hollow, substantially spherical agglomerates having discontinuous walls composed of solid, spherical microparticles. The microparticles are produced by admixing an aqueous, partially condensed aldehyde condensation product with an oily non-solvent material and an emulsifying agent to produce a water-in-oil emulsion. Polymerization acid catalyst is then admixed with the emulsion to produce the discrete, substantially spherical and opaque, solid microparticles. After inverting the emulsion to oil-in-water form and adding oil-soluble resin adhesive, elevated temperature is used to cure the adhesive while evaporatively removing residual oily non-solvent. This yields improved agglomerate opacifying agents of high physical stability.

Abstract: A method of making a cured foamed amino formaldehyde product utilizes an amino formaldehyde precondensate of water content below 20% by weight in order to obtain a less brittle product. A liquid foamable composition is made by dispersing a curing catalyst and a blowing agent in the precondensate and the composition is heated to cause the blowing agent to form a foam and the precondensate to cure.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved foamable resole resin composition comprising a resole resin, a blowing agent and a surfactant wherein said improvement comprises incorporating a particular resole resin catalyzed with alkaline earth metal hydroxides and neutralized with oxalic acid or its acid salts providing inert insoluble oxalate salts dispersed in said resole. Said salts are sized controlled and stabilized in an aqueous resole resin solution having about 60 to 99% resole resin by weight. Methods for preparing and foaming said compositions are disclosed.