Process for producing amine formaldehyde resin foam
A process for producing amine formaldehyde resin foam by using a precondensate for the amine formaldehyde resin, a foaming agent, a surfactant and a curing agent is disclosed. Said process is characterized in that the foaming agent is selected from the group consisting of aliphatic hydrocarbons or halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons having a boiling point in the range of from about -30.degree. C. to about 30.degree. C., the foaming agent is used in amount of from about 0.07 mol to about 1.0 mol per 100 gr. of solid content of the precondensate for resin (residue obtained by heating the precondensate in accordance with JIS K 5400 8.2.1.), the process comprising mixing the precondensate, the foaming agent and the surfactant, emulsifying the resulting mixture at a specified pressure at a temperature of at least 0.degree. C. and higher than the boiling point of the foaming agent by 5.degree.-50.degree. C., and while or after mixing the curing agent with the mixture, foaming the mixture at a specified temperature and pressure.
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This invention relates to an improved process for producing amine formaldehyde resin foam, characterized by using an organic compound having a low boiling point, and particularly relates to a process for producing amine formaldehyde resin foam having good mold-filling property, uniform cell structure and low density and which is easily dried.
Amine formaldehyde resin foam is cheap, makes an excellent heat shield, absorbs sound and is self-extinguishing. The resin foam is utilized as a heat insulating material for housing, a heat insulating material for low temperature storage, a sound insulating material, and decorative material. Amine formaldehyde resin foam having water absorbing property is used for agriculture.
Organic foams are being used in a variety of fields, and their production increases annually. Therefore, it is necessary that the organic foams have fire resistance and be easily disposed as a waste material.
Amine formaldehyde resin foams are self extinguishing and are biologically degradable. So, the resin foams satisfy the requirements as mentioned above.
Many processes for producing amine formaldehyde resin foam are well known. However, the only process carried out on a commercial scale is the process comprising mixing an aqueous solution of a precondensate for urea resin with an aqueous solution of a foaming agent and a curing agent while blowing air into the solution to foam the mixture, and curing the foam. However, in effecting the foaming-operation according to this process, the weight of the water used is 3 to 6 times that of the solid content of the precondensate, so the resulting foam contains a large amount of water. The water must be removed from the foam through drying, and it takes 4 to 7 days to remove such water from the foam through natural drying. This is a disadvantage in using the foam in housing.
Two processes for producing amine formaldehyde resin foam using an organic compound having a low boiling point are known in the art: one comprises mixing an aqueous precondensate for the resin solution, a foaming agent and a surfactant at a temperature less than the boiling point of the foaming agent and emulsifying the mixture and adding a curing agent to the mixture and then charging the mixture into a mold and foaming it by heating it at a temperature above the boiling point of the foaming agent. The other comprises foaming a highly viscous precondensate for the resin by vaporizing a foaming agent through heat of neutralization. [Refer to Japanese Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 40669/1975)]
In the former process, good foam can be obtained only when the foaming and curing operations have been effected very slowly. The foaming operation takes a long time. The emulsification is difficult in case of using a foaming agent having a low boiling point, and much foaming agent is lost.
In the latter process, an excess of an acid and a base is required. The salt obtained through neutralization has anti-foaming action and the acid catalyst employed not only promotes curing reaction, but also participates in the neutralization reaction. So, it is difficult to decide how much acid to use.
The above shortcomings in the processes for producing amine formaldehyde resin foam are derived from the following properties of the amine formaldehyde resin:
(1) The precondensate for amine formaldehyde resin is hydrophilic and is incompatible with a foaming agent composed of an organic compound having a low boiling point, the precondensate and the foaming agent are hard to mix with each other.
(2) The curing reaction of the amine formaldehyde resin is slow. So, it is difficult to maintain good balance between foaming and curing, and degassing of the foaming agent is likely to occur.
(3) The precondensate for amine formaldehyde resin generates little heat when being cured. The precondensate causes curing reaction as well as decomposing reaction at a high temperature.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONThe present inventors have carried out research to find a process for producing amine formaldehyde resin foam having low density and capable of being dried rapidly and not having the above mentioned shortcomings. As a result, we found the present invention which satisfies the above requirements.
One object of this invention is to provide a process for producing amine formaldehyde resin foam having uniform cell structure and low density and which is capable of being dried rapidly.
Another object of this invention is to provide a process for producing amine formaldehyde resin foam suitable for use in housing.
This invention relates to a process for producing an amine formaldehyde resin foam by using a precondensate for the resin, a foaming agent, a surfactant and a curing agent, characterized in that the foaming agent is selected from the group consisting of an aliphatic hydrocarbon or a halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon having a boiling point in the range of from about -30.degree. C. to about 30.degree. C., and the foaming agent being used in amount of from about 0.07 mol to about 1.0 mol per 100 g of solid content of the precondensate for the amine formaldehyde resin, the process comprising mixing the precondensate, the foaming agent and the surfactant under such conditions that the foaming agent is maintained liquid,
emulsifying the resulting mixture at a temperature which is at least 0.degree. C. and higher than the boiling point of the foaming agent by 5.degree.-50.degree. C. and at such a pressure that the foaming agent is maintained liquid at said temperature,
while or after mixing the resulting emulsified mixture with the curing agent, transferring the resulting mixture to an environment having atmospheric pressure or depressurizing the mixture to atmospheric pressure at a temperature which is between 0.degree. and 35.degree. C. and higher than the boiling point of the foaming agent to foam the mixture.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTIONThe term "precondensate for amine formaldehyde resin" employed in the specification and claim means reaction products of amino compounds, such as urea, melamine, guanamine, benzoguanamine, or biuret and aldehydes, such as formaldehyde. The precondensates may be modified with alcohols, polyvalent alcohols, polysaccharides, phenol, cresol, dicyandiamine, polyamine, polyisocyante, furfural, aniline, or the like. The precondensate for the resin may be used in water or a mixed solution of water and glycol. The solid content of the precondensate is measured as a residue obtained by heating it in accordance with JIS K 5400 8.2.1., and the concentration of the solid content may be in the range of from about 35% to 90% by weight, preferably from about 45% to about 80% by weight. The viscosity of the precondensate may be in the range of from about 5 to 5000 centipoise at 25.degree. C., preferably from about 20 to about 3000 centipoise. When the concentration of the solid content of the precondensate is less than 35% by weight, it takes a long time to dry the resin foam made from the precondensate. When the concentration is more than 90% by weight, the precondensate is too viscous to mix with a foaming agent and a curing agent.
Foaming agents employed in the practice of this invention include aliphatic hydrocarbons or halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons having a boiling point of from -30.degree. C. to 30.degree. C. Examples of the foaming agents include n-butane, isobutane, 1-butene, 2-butene, isobutylene, butadiene, neopentene, dichlorodifluoro methane, dichlorofluoro methane, 1,2-dichlorotetrafluoro ethane, trichlorofluoro methane, chloromethane, chloroethane, vinyl chloride and the like. L.P.G. which is liquefied gas composed of mixture of aliphatic hydrocarbons, dichlorodifluoro methane, 1,2-dichlorotetrafluoro ethane and mixtures thereof is particularly preferred. When a foaming agent having a boiling point below than -30.degree. C. is used, vaporization of the foaming agent through depressurization occurs rapidly, and the balance between foaming and curing is lost, so degassing from the foam and shrinkage of the foam tends to occur. In addition, as soon as the raw material for the foam is charged into a mold, foaming occurs. So, mold-filling property is poor. When a foaming agent having a boiling point of more than 30.degree. C. is used, the raw material for the foam must be heated to cause foaming of the material. This causes decomposition of the amine formaldehyde resin, so degassing and shrinkage are likely to occur through breakage of the cells.
The surfactant of this invention acts as an emulsifying agent for uniformly mixing a foaming agent and a solution of a precondensate for amine formaldehyde resin and keeps cells from breaking while the resulting foam is cured. Compounds functioning as mentioned above are usable as a surfactant of this invention. Examples of the surfactants include alkylbenzene sulfonates, alkylalcohol sulfates, aliphatic acid salts, polyoxyethylene alkylether sulfates and the like. The amount of surfactant employed may be in the range of from about 0.03 parts to about 7 parts per 100 parts of solid content of the precondensate, preferably from about 0.1 to 3 parts.
The curing agent of this invention means any of the conventional acid catalysts employed for curing an amine formaldehyde resin. Examples of the curing agents include water, glycol or glycerine solutions of sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, aromatic sulfonic acids, sulfamic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, and the like. The amount of curing agent employed is in the range of from about 0.05 to about 20 parts per 100 parts of solid content of the precondensate, preferably from about 0.5 parts to about 15 parts. The curing agent is added to the reaction system so as to provide a solution having a pH of from about 0.5 to 5.0, preferably from about 1.0 to about 4.0.
Aromatic sulfonic acids are preferred as a curing agent. When aromatic sulfonic acids are used as a curing agent, the following advantages can be achieved:
(1) The aromatic sulfonic acids have little corrosive action on the metal.
(2) Little or no free acid is generated under the moist and hot conditions, so the object product, the foam, is neither powdered nor degraded.
(3) Since the aromatic sulfonic acid reacts with free formaldehyde and amine formaldehyde resin during curing, little free formaldehyde is generated during drying and curing. So, there is little formaldehyde smell during drying and curing. The product of the reaction of aromatic sulfonic acid with free formaldehyde or amine formaldehyde resin is incorporated in the resulting amine formaldehyde resin.
Any of the aromatic sulfonic acids capable of reacting with formaldehyde is usable as a curing agent in this invention. Examples of the aromatic sulfonic acids include phenolsulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, xylenesulfonic acid, toluenesulfonic acid, sulfobenzoic acid, sulfosalicylic acid and mixtures thereof. Phenolsulfonic acid, toluenesulfonic acid and mixtures thereof are most preferably.
It is critical to emulsify the precondensate for the resin, forming agent and surfactant in the present invention. Emulsification is necessary for obtaining a foamed uniform cell structure and for enhancing effectiveness of the foaming agent. Before being mixed with a curing agent, it is critical that the emulsion be maintained under a pressure above 1 atm, at a temperature of at least 0.degree. C. and higher than the boiling point of the foaming agent by 5.degree.-50.degree. C. When the emulsion is maintained at a temperature below 0.degree. C., the viscosity of the emulsion becomes high, and solubility of the surfactant in the solution decreases, so, the mixture is not sufficiently emulsified.
When the temperature of the emulsion is too high, the pressure of the mixture becomes higher. So, it is necessary to lower the temperature of the liquid mixture in order to foam the mixture and cure the resulting foam. This is not desirable.
The emulsion is transfered to an environment having atmospheric pressure or depressurized to atmospheric pressure at a temperature in the range of from about 0.degree. to about 35.degree. C. and at a temperature higher than the boiling point of the foaming agent, after or during mixing the emulsion with the curing agent. When the foaming operation is effected at a temperature below 0.degree. C., flowability of the emulsion to be foamed and force for keeping the cells by the surfactant become insufficient. When the foaming operation is effected at a temperature above 35.degree. C., the foaming agent is lost and the resulting amine formaldehyde resin is decomposed.
When the foaming and curing operation are effected at a temperature below the boiling point of the foaming agent, the foaming speed is slow and the resulting foam is likely to shrink.
In practicing this invention, the apparatus used is one capable of carrying out the step of mixing a solution of a precondensate for the resin, a foaming agent and a surfactant with stirring to obtain a stable emulsion and the step of uniformly mixing the resulting emulsion with a curing agent at a pressure above 1 atm. and the step of charging the mixture into a mold.
The emulsification of the mixture can be continuous or discontinuously effected by a well known process, such as high-speed mixer, homogenizer, colloid mill and the like.
It is preferable to mix the emulsion with a curing agent and charge in a mold the mixture in a continuous way. The mixing operation may be effected in a state of solution at a pressure above 1 atm. Alternatively, transferring or depressurization of the emulsion for forming cells and mixing with the curing agent may be effected simultaneously. The above operation may be carried out by means of forced stirring apparatus, motionless fluid mixer, superpressurized liquid jet mixing, spray mixing, mixing agitation by introducing pressurized air and the like. It is preferable that the mixing operation be thoroughly effected to form a uniform mixture.
In the present invention a compound represented by the formula; ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl having 1-3 carbon atoms, and R.sub.4 is selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, hydrogen and alkyl having 1-3 carbon atoms or a condensate of the compound and formaldehyde may be added to the reaction system in order to further improve the properties of the resulting foam.
Examples of the compound represented by the formula I include resorcinol; pyrogallol; alkyl-substituted resorcinols, such as 5-methyl resorcinol, 5-ethyl resorcinol, 5-propyl resorcinol, 5-n-butyl resorcinol, 4,5-dimethyl resorcinol, 2,5-dimethyl resorcinol, 4,5-diethyl resorcinol, 2,5-diethyl resorcinol, 4,5-dipropyl resorcinol, 2,5-dipropyl resorcinol, 4-methyl-5-ethyl resorcinol, 2-methyl-5-ethyl resorcinol, 2,4,5-trimethyl resorcinol or 2,4,5-triethyl resorcinol, and mixtures thereof. A mixture of the compound and a phenol may be used. Resorcinol, oil shale resorcinol, namely mixture of alkyl-substituted resorcinols obtained by dry-distilling oil shale or mixture of resorcinol and oil shale resorcinol are preferable from the point of view of economy. A mixture of the compound and a condensate of the compound and formaldehyde may be used in the present invention.
At least one modifier selected from the group consisting of the compounds represented by formula I, mixtures thereof, condensates of the compounds and formaldehyde, and mixtures of the compounds and the condensates may be used in a state of solution selected from the group consisting of water, glycol, glycerin and mixtures thereof.
The modifier or modifiers may be added to the system when the precondensate for amine formaldehyde resin, the foaming agent and the surfactant are mixed and emulsified. The modifier or modifiers may be added to a mixture of the emulsion and the curing agent. The modifier or modifiers may be previously added to the precondensate, or the curing agent.
The amount of modifier used may be in the range of from about 5 to about 40 parts by weight per 100 parts of solid content of the precondensate, preferably in the range of from about 10 to about 35 parts by weight. Addition of the modifier in an amount of less than 5 parts by weight per 100 parts of solid content of the precondensate is too small to exhibit effectiveness of the modifier. When the amount of modifier used is more than 40 parts by weight per 100 parts of solid content of the precondensate, the effectiveness derived from addition of the modifier does not increase in proportion to amount of the modifier added. Too much modifier lowers the strength of the amine formaldehyde resin, because unreacted modifier remains in the amine formaldehyde resin.
The following advantages can be achieved by adding the resorcinol compound to the reaction system:
(a) Primary shrinkage of the resin is small.
(b) The resulting resin has resistance to climatic conditions and is neither powdered nor degraded for a long time.
(c) Foaming having very low density of less than 15 Kg/m.sup.3 can be produced.
(d) The resulting resin foam has great strength.
This invention is further illustrated by the non-limiting following preparation Example, Working Examples and Comparative Examples.
The part and percent is by weight unless otherwise specified.
PREPARATION 1Into a reaction kettle were charged 700 parts of urea, 1900 parts of formalin (a 37% formaldehyde solution), 380 parts of diethylene glycol, and 500 parts of water. To the mixture was added 20 parts of hexamethylene tetramine as a catalyst. The reaction was effected at 98.degree. C. for 12 hours with stirring, and thereafter 240 parts of urea was added to the reaction mixture, and sodium hydroxide was added to the mixture to neutralize it. The resulting solution of precondensate for amine formaldehyde resin was cooled and had a solid content of 50% and a viscosity of about 40 cps (25.degree. C.). The solution was called Solution A.
Solution A was concentrated by distilling it under a reduced pressure. The resulting solution had a solid content of 72% and a viscosity of 1100 cps at 25.degree. C. and was called Solution B.
Solution B was spray-dried at a reduced pressure to obtain a flake-like solid (called Solid C).
PREPARATION 2Into a reaction kettle were charged 700 parts of urea, 1900 parts of formalin (a 37% formaldehyde solution), 300 parts of glycerin, and 500 parts of water. To the mixture was added 20 parts of hexamethylene tetramine as a catalyst. The reaction was effected at 100.degree. C. for 12 hours with stirring and then cooled to 60.degree. C. The reaction mixture was adjusted to pH of 8.5 by adding thereto sodium hydroxide. To the mixture was added 200 parts of melamine. The reaction was effected for 15 minutes. Sodium hydroxide was added to the reaction mixture to neutralize it. The resulting solution of precondensate for amine formaldehyde resin was cooled and had a solid content of 55% and viscosity of 2100 cps at 25.degree. C.
WORKING EXAMPLES 1-5 AND COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES 1-3A mixture having the following components (the amounts are per 100 parts by weight of solid content of precondensate) was charged into a corrugated box to foam it:
______________________________________
Solution A obtained in Preparation 1
100 parts
a 20% aqueous solution of sodium
2
dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid
a 85% aqueous solution of phosphoric
5
acid
a foaming agent as given in Table 1
Amount is given
in Table 1
______________________________________
The result is shown in Table 1.
In all the Working Examples and in Comparative Example 3, the precondensate for amine formaldehyde resin was mixed with the surfactant and the foaming agent and emulsified at such conditions that the foaming agent is kept liquid. Thereafter, the emulsion was continuously mixed with the curing agent by mechanical mixing. The emulsion was transferred to an environment having atmospheric pressure to foam and cure it.
In Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the precondensate for amine formaldehyde resin was mixed with the surfactant and the foaming agent and was emulsified at a temperature of less than the boiling point of the foaming agent and at one atmospheric pressure. The resulting emulsion was mixed with the curing agent at one atmospheric pressure by mechanical mixing and was foamed and cured.
Time for surface hardening means time required for the surface of resin foam to become no longer tacky to a finger.
Mold-filling property is measured as
good--when the emulsion fills all the corners of a mold
bad--when the emulsion does not reach well into all the corners of a mold.
Efficiency (%) of foaming agent is shown by the following equation: ##EQU1##
Drying time means time required until water content of the foam amounts to less than 0.5% by volume.
TABLE 1
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Working Example Comparative Example
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3
__________________________________________________________________________
b.p. (.degree.C.)
Foaming
n-pentane
36 0.1944
agent n-butane
-0.5 0.190
0.121
(mol/100g
propane
-42.1 0.2272
of precon-
trichloro-
23.7 0.1965
densate
fluoro
methane
1,2-dichloro-
3.8 0.0585
0.1755
0.111
tetrafluoro
ethane
dichloro-
-29.8 0.066
0.190
difluoro
methane
Temperature at which the
18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18
foam cures (.degree.C.)
Time required until foaming
<1 1 3 2 <1 -- 80 <<1
is completed (min.)
Time for surface hardening
3 4 4 3 3 15 8 3
(min.)
Mold-filling property
good
good
good
good
good
-- bad bad
Compression
after 0.1
0.1 0.1 0.1
0.1
-- -- --
strength 3 hours
(kg/cm.sup.2)
after 0.2
0.2 0.2 0.2
0.2
-- 1.7 0.2
24 hours
Density (Kg/m.sup.3)
16 17 16 18 20 -- 130 40
Efficiency of foaming agent
80 79 87 76 64 -- 8 27
(%)
Drying time (day) <0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
-- 2 1
State of the resulting foam
good
good
good
good
good
* * **
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*Little foaming occurs.
**Foam has many voids.
As is apparent from Table 1, in Working Examples 1-5, foaming and curing steps were rapid. Loss by vaporization of the foaming agent outside the foam is small, and a foamed uniform cell structure having low density was obtained.
In Comparative Examples 1 and 2, little foaming occurs, or foaming occurs very slowly. In addition, efficiency of the foaming agent is low, so density of the resulting foam is higher than that of the foams obtained in Working Examples.
In Comparative Example 3, the foaming speed is too rapid. So, as soon as foaming occurs, degassing and shrinkage of the foam are likely to occur. The resulting foam has nonuniform cells. Since foaming is rapid, mold-filling property is poor.
WORKING EXAMPLES 6-10 AND COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES 4-8100 Parts of precondensate for amine formaldehyde resin (Solution B obtained in Preparation 1), 2 parts of 20% aqueous solution of sodium laurylsulfate as a surfactant, 10 parts of a 15% aqueous solution of sulfamic acid as a curing agent and a foaming agent as given in Table 2 were used. Foam was prepared from these components under conditions as given in Table 2. In all the Examples, the solution of precondensate for amine formaldehyde resin, the surfactant and the foaming agent were blended and emulsified. Thereafter the resulting emulsion was blended with the curing and was transferred to an environment having atmospheric pressure to foam the mixture under a pressure above 1 atm.
TABLE 2
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C.E.
W.E. W.E. W.E. C.E. C.E. W.E.
C.E. W.E.
C.E.
4 6 7 8 5 6 9 7 10 8
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Foaming dichloro-
0.190
0.190
0.190
0.190
0.190
agent difluoro
(mol/100 gr.
methane
of precon-
trichloro- 0.189
0.189
0.189
0.189
0.189
densate) fluoro
methane
Emulsification temperature (.degree.C.)
-5 0 10 20 30 25 30 30 35 45
Temperature at which
-5 0 10 20 30 30 30 20 35 45
the foam cures (.degree.C.)
Time required until
7 3 2 <1 <<1 45 20 30 7 3
foaming is completed
(min.)
Time for surface
20 6 4 3 2 5 4 7 3 2
hardening (min.)
Mold-filling property
bad good good good bad bad good
good good
bad
Compression
after -- -- 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
strength 3 hours
(Kg/cm.sup. 2)
after 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.2
one day
Density (Kg/m.sup.3)
45 26 22 25 39 70 31 50 29 45
Efficiency of foaming
39 67 79 69 44 25 56 35 60 39
agent (%)
Drying time (day)
-- <2 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5
<1 0.5 0.5
State of the resulting
curing
uniform
uniform
uniform
foaming
foaming
fairly
shrinkage
fairly
degassing
foam slow
good good good rapid
slow good
large
good
large
*1 *2 *3 *4 *5
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C.E. Comparative Example
W.E. Working Example?
Note:
*1 Flowability of solution for charging is poor and curing and drying is
slow.
*2 As soon as solution is charged into a mold, foaming has been completed
Moldfilling property was poor. Degassing occurred. Nonuniform cells were
formed.
*3 Foaming is slow. Curing occurred before foaming agent vaporizes. So,
density of the resulting foam is high.
*4 Foaming and curing were effected simultaneously. So, the resulting foa
had high density and was nonuniform.
*5 After foaming, violent degassing occurred. The foam shrank. Density of
the foam was high, and the cells of the foam were nonuniform.
As is apparent from Table 2, good foams can be produced under the following conditions:
(a) Temperature of the emulsion is higher than 0.degree. C. and higher than the boiling point of the foaming agent by 5.degree.-50.degree. C., and
(b) Temperature at which the foam cures is in the range of from 0.degree. to 35.degree. C. and higher than the boiling point of the foaming agent.
WORKING EXAMPLES 11-16Each foam was prepared using components as given in Table 3 under conditions as given in Table 3. The emulsification was effected under a pressure above 1 atm.
The precondensate for amino resin in Working Examples 12 was the one obtained by adding water to Solution C of Preparation 1 so as to provide a solution having a solid content of 60%.
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES 12-15Each foam was prepared using components as given in Table 4 under conditions as given in Table 4. The emulsification was effected at one atmospheric pressure. In the above Examples, little foaming occurred, or the foaming was slowly effected. Therefore, the above processes were not useful.
TABLE 3
__________________________________________________________________________
Example
11 12 13 14 15 16 16'
__________________________________________________________________________
Precondensate for amine resin
1-A 1-B 1-C 2 1-B 1-B 1-B
(Preparation)
Surfactant
20% aqueous solution
2 2
(part/100
of sodium dodecyl
parts by
benzenesulfonate
weight of
20% aqueous solution
1 2 2 2 2
precon-
of sodium lauryl
densate)
sulfate
20% aqueous solution
1
of sodium laurate
Curing 85% aqueous solution
8 8 5
agent of phosphoric acid
(part/100
15% aqueous solution
7 8 8
parts by
of sulfamic acid
weight of
50% aqueous solution
4
precon-
of p-toluenesulfonic
densate)
acid
Foaming
n-butane 0.207
0.172
0.086
agent propane 0.034
(mol/100 gr.
1,2-dichloro 0.117
0.117
0.293
0.088
0.205
of tetrafluoro ethane
precon-
trichlorofluoro 0.036
densate)
methane
Emulsification temperature (.degree.C.)
20 20 18 25 30 15 20
Temperature at which the foam
20 20 18 25 25 20 25
cures (.degree.C.)
Time required until foaming is
1 <1 2 5 3 <1 2
completed (min.)
Time for surface hardening (min.)
3 4 4 6 5 5 7
Mold-filling property
good
good
good
good
good
good
good
Compression
after 3 hours
0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.05
0.2 0.1
strength after 1 day
0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.8 0.2
(Kg/cm.sup.2)
Density (Kg/m.sup.3)
14 25 22 26 17 45 21
Efficiency of foaming agent (%)
80 68 61 70 66 83 80
Drying time (day) <0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<1 <0.5
State of the resulting foam
Uniform, good
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TABLE 4
__________________________________________________________________________
Comparative Example
12 13 14 15
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Precondensate for amino resin
1-A 1-B 1-B 1-B
(Preparation)
Surfactant
20% aqueous solution
2 2
(part/100
of sodium dodecyl
parts by
benzenesulfonate
weight of
20% aqueous solution
2 2
precon-
of sodium lauryl
densate)
sulfate
Curing 85% aqueous solution 7 5
agent of phosphoric acid
(part/100
15% aqueous solution
7
parts by
of sulfamic acid
weight of
50% aqueous solution
3
precon-
of p-toluenesulfonic
densate)
acid
Foaming
n-heptane 0.186
0.058
agent 1,2-dichlorotetra- 0.205
(mol/100 grs.
fluoro ethane
of precon-
trichlorofluoro 0.146
0.204
densate)
methane
Emulsification temperature (.degree.C.)
30 20 20 0
Temperature at which the foam
30 25 35 25
cures (.degree.C.)
Time required until foaming is
-- 80 70 60
completed (min.)
Time for surface hardening (min.)
10 13 8 20
Mold-filling property
-- -- bad bad
Compression
after 3 hours
-- -- -- --
strength after 1 day
-- -- 1.3 0.2
(Kg/cm.sup.2)
Density (Kg/m.sup.3)
-- 250 80 35
Efficiency of foaming agent (%)
-- 6 21 48
Drying time (day) -- 4.5 <3 <2
State of the resulting foam
Slight
Foaming
Foaming
Foaming
foaming
occurred
occurred
occurred
slowly.
gently.
gently.
Density
Density
of foam
of foam
is high.
is high.
__________________________________________________________________________
PREPARATION 3
Into a reaction kettle were charged 720 parts of urea, 1950 parts of formalin (a 37% formaldehyde solution), 380 parts of diethylene glycol, and 480 parts of water. To the mixture was added 22 parts of hexamethylene tetramine as a catalyst. The reaction was effected at 98.degree. C. for 7 hours with stirring, and thereafter 240 parts of urea was added to the reaction mixture. Sodium hydroxide was added thereto to neutralize it. Then the resulting solution of precondensate for resin was cooled. It had a solid content of 49% and a viscosity of 40 cps at (25.degree. C.). The solution was concentrated by distilling it under a reduced pressure. The resulting solution had a solid content of 60% and a viscosity of 150 cps at 25.degree. C.
PREPARATION 4Into a reaction kettle were charged 720 parts of urea, 1950 parts of formalin, 300 parts of glycerin and 480 parts of water. To the mixture was added 22 parts of hexamethylene tetramine as a catalyst. The reaction was effected at 98.degree. C. for 7 hours with stirring, and cooled to 60.degree. C. The pH of the resulting mixture was adjusted to 8.5 by adding sodium hydroxide. Then, 200 parts of melamine was added to the mixture, and reaction was effected for 15 minutes. NaOH was added to the reaction mixture to neutralize it. The resulting reaction product solution was cooled and then concentrated by distilling it under a reduced pressure. The resulting solution of precondensate for resin had solid content of 55% and viscosity of 2100 cps (25.degree. C.).
WORKING EXAMPLES 17-22 AND COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES 16-21167 parts of the solution of precondensate of Preparation 3, (100 parts of solid content of precondensate), 4 parts of a 20% aqueous solution of sodium lauryl sulfate and each foaming agent as given in Table 5 in amounts as given in Table 5 was emulsified under a pressure above 1 atm. Each of the resulting emulsions was continuously blended by a mechanical means with an aromatic sulfonic acid (curing agent) in amount as given in Table 5. The resulting solution was depressurized at a foaming temperature as given in Table 5 and charged into a film-clad corrugated box to foam and be cured.
In the Comparative Examples as given in Table 6, the Working Examples was repeated except that a mineral acid or an organic acid was used as a curing agent in place of the aromatic sulfonic acid.
The results are shown in Table 5 and 6. The amount of the foaming agent used is per 100 parts of solid content in the precondensate for amino resin.
The amount of free formalin in the foam was measured one day after foaming by a gas indicator of Kitagawa-type manufactured by Komei Science and Chemical Industries Co., Ltd.
A test for corrosive effect of foam on metal was conducted as follows. A 30.times.50.times.1 mm soft steel plate weighing 11.3 gr. was sandwiched between two 60.times.40.times.50 mm foams, and was left to stand at 35.degree. C. at relative humidity of 90% for 12 days. The increase in the weight of metal plate was measured, and the both surfaces of the metal plate were checked for rust.
TABLE 5
__________________________________________________________________________
Working Example
17 18 19 20 21 22
__________________________________________________________________________
Curing agent
Kind benzene-
p-phenol-
p-phenol-
p-toluene-
p-toluene-
sulfo-
sulfonic
sulfonic
sulfonic
sulfonic
sulfonic
salicylic
acid acid acid acid acid acid
(conc.
(conc.
(conc.
(conc.
(conc.
(conc.
of 30%)
of 30%)
of 30%)
of 30%)
of 30%)
of 30%)
Amount of
8.5 8.5 17 8.5 17 17
curing
agent per
100 parts
of solid
content of
precon-
densate
(part)
Foaming agent
Kind n-butane
1,2- dichloro-
1,2- 1,2- trichloro-
dichloro-
difluoro-
dichloro-
dichloro-
fluoro
tetrafluoro
ethane
tetrafluoro
tetrafluoro
methane
ethane ethane
ethane
Amount of
0.20 0.29 0.19 0.25 0.25 0.14
foaming
agent per
100 grs.
of solid
content of
precon-
densate
(mol)
Temperature at which foam
15 18 10 18 18 30
cures (.degree.C.)
Time for surface-
5 4 3 4 3 3
hardening (min.)
Density of foam (Kg/m.sup.3)
24 16 24 18 19 35
Compression strength of
0.32 0.13 0.34 0.21 0.22 0.60
foam (Kg/cm.sup.2)
When foam was
State of
good good good good good good
left to stand
foam
at relative
Rate of
6 6 8 6 7 5
humidity of
linear
80% at 60.degree. C.
shrinkage
for 7 days
(%)
Amount of free formalin
38 26 38 34 37 40
in foam (ppm)
Increase in weight of
3 2 4 3 4 5
metal plate (mg)
Degree of rust
Slight rust
__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 6
__________________________________________________________________________
Comparative Example
16 17 18 19 20 21
__________________________________________________________________________
Curing agent
Kind sulfuric
oxalic
oxalic
phosphoric
phosphoric
maleic
acid acid acid acid acid acid
(conc.
(conc.
(conc.
(conc.
(conc.
(conc.
of 15%)
of 12%)
of 12%)
of 85%)
of 85%)
of 50%)
Amount of
8.5 35 50 8.5 17 35
curing
agent per
100 parts
of solid
content of
precon-
densate
(part)
Foaming
Kind n-butane
1,2- dichloro-
1,2- 1,2- trichloro-
agent dichloro-
difluoro
dichloro-
dichloro-
fluoro
tetrafluoro
ethane
tetrafluoro
tetrafluoro
methane
ethane ethane
ethane
Amount of
0.20 0.29 0.19 0.25 0.25 0.14
foaming
agent per
100 grs.
of solid
content of
precon-
densate
(mol)
Temperature at which
15 18 10 18 18 30
foam cures (.degree.C.)
Time for surface-
4 4 3 4 3 3
hardening (min.)
Density of foam (Kg/m.sup.3)
25 16 24 18 19 36
Compression strength of
0.29 0.12 0.30 0.20 0.18 0.54
foam (Kg/cm.sup.2)
When foam was
State of
powdered and degraded
left to stand
foam
at relative
Rate of
32 20 23 21 25 19
humidity of
linear
80% at 60.degree. C.
shrinkage
for 7 days
(%)
Amount of free formalin
67 54 65 56 58 71
in foam (ppm)
Increase in weight of
20 10 13 11 18 13
metal plate (mg)
Degree of rusting
heavy
rust in
rust in
rust in
heavy rust
rust in
rust in
whole whole
whole in whole
whole
whole
surface
surface
surface
surface
surface
surface
__________________________________________________________________________
WORKING EXAMPLE 23 AND COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 22
182 parts of solution of precondensate of Preparation 4 (100 parts of solid content), 4 parts of a 20% aqueous solution of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate and 0.25 mol of 1,2-dichlorotetrafluoro ethane were blended and emulsified under a pressure above 1 atm at 18.degree. C. The resulting emulsion was continuously blended with 8.5 parts of a 30% aqueous solution of p-phenolsulfonic acid by a mechanical means. The mixture was charged into a film-clad corrugated box having one atmospheric pressure to foam it and cure it. The results are shown in Table 7.
The procedure of the above Working Example was repeated except that an 85% aqueous solution of phosphoric acid was used as a curing agent in place of p-phenolsulfonic acid. The results are shown as Comparative Example 22 in Table 7.
TABLE 7
______________________________________
Working Comparative
Example 23 Example 22
______________________________________
Curing Kind p-phenolsulfonic
phosphoric acid
agent acid (conc. of 85%)
(conc. of 30%)
Amount of 8.5 8.5
curing agent
per 100
parts of
solid
content of
preconden-
sate (part)
Foaming Kind 1,2-dichloro 1,2-dichloro
agent tetrafluoro tetrafluoro
ethane ethane
Amount of 0.25 0.25
foaming agent
per 100 grs.
of solid
content of
preconden-
sate (mol)
Temperature at which foam
18 18
cures (.degree.C.)
Time for surface-
4 4
hardening (min.)
Density of foam (Kg/m.sup.3)
19 19
Compression strength of
0.36 0.36
foam (Kg/cm.sup.2)
When foam State of good powdered and
was left to
foam degraded
stand at Rate of 4 15
relative linear
humidity of
shrinkage
80% at 60.degree. C.
(%)
for 7 days
Amount of free formalin
30 50
in foam (ppm)
Increase in weight of
2 10
metal plate (mg)
Degree of rust slight rust rust in whole
surface
______________________________________
WORKING EXAMPLES 24-32 AND COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES 23-28
167 Parts of the solution of precondensate of Preparation 3 (100 parts of solid content of the precondensate), 4 parts of a 20% aqueous solution of sodium lauryl sulfate and each foaming agent in amounts as given in Table 8 was emulsified under a pressure above 1 atm. Each of the resulting emulsions was continuously blended by a mechanical means with a 50% aqueous solution of a modifier and a curing agent as given in Table 8. The resulting solution was depressurized at a foaming temperature as given in Table 5 and charged into a film-clad corrugated box to foam and be cured. The results are shown as Working Examples in Table 8.
For comparison, the procedure of the Working Example was repeated except that no modifier was used. The results are shown Comparative Examples in Table 9.
The amount of foaming agent used was per 100 grs. of solid content of the precondensate for amino resin.
The term "alkyl resorcinol" means derivative of resorcinol having 1-3 alkyl groups of C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 and is sold under the trade name of DFK SAR by Nagoya Oil Chemical Industries Kabushiki Kaisha.
The term "alkyl resorcinol polymer" means a curable resin obtained by reacting an alkyl resorcinol with formaldehyde in the presence of a complexing agent, such as acetone caprolactam and is sold under the trade name of DFK N-9407 (an aqueous solution having solid content of 58-62%) by Nagoya Oil Chemical Industires Kabushiki Kaisha.
TABLE 8
__________________________________________________________________________
Working Example
24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
__________________________________________________________________________
Modifier
resor-
resor-
resor-
pyrogal-
alkyl
alkyl
resor-
alkyl
resor-
cinol
cinol
cinol
lol resor-
resor-
cinol
resor-
cinol
cinol
cinol cinol
polymer
Amount of
10 20 35 20 20 25 10 20 30
modifier per
100 parts of
solid
content of
preconden-
sate (part)
Foaming n-butane
1,2- trichloro
dichloro
1,2- 1,2- n-butane
1,2- 1,2-
agent dichloro
fluoro
fluoro
dichloro
dichloro dichloro
dichloro
tetra-
methane
methane
tetra-
tetra- tetra-
tetra-
fluoro fluoro
fluoro fluoro
fluoro
ethane ethane
ethane ethane
ethane
Amount of
0.18 0.96 0.38 0.10 0.66 0.24 0.18 0.24 0.38
foaming
agent per
100 grs. of
solid
content of
preconden-
sate (mol)
Curing 85% 85% 20% 10% 85% 85% 30% p-
30% p-
30% p-
agent phos-
phos-
sulfonic
oxalic
phos-
phos-
toluene-
phenol-
toluene-
phoric
phoric
acid acid phoric
phoric
sulfonic
sulfonic
sulfonic
acid acid acid acid acid acid acid
Amount of
16 17 45 40 17 18 18 20 23
curing agent
per 100
parts of
preconden-
sate (part)
Temperature
18 18 30 18 18 18 18 18 18
at which
foam cures
(.degree.C.)
Time for
3 4 3 3 4 3 3 3 3
surface
hardening
(min.)
Density of
28.7 6.0 16.5 54.0 9.0 22.0 28.5 23.0 16.3
foam (Kg/m.sup.3)
Efficiency
95.1 93.0 96.1 99.2 90.2 97.2 95.8 97.0 97.5
of foam (%)
Compression
0.80 0.10 0.55 1.30 0.25 0.60 0.85 0.65 0.55
strength of
foam (Kg/cm.sup.2)
Linear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
shrinkage
rate one
month after
foaming (%)
Linear 0.1 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.1 0 0
shrinkage
rate after
left to
stand in a
field for
a year (%)
Appearance
good good good good good good good
good good
after left
to stand in
a field for
a year
Rate of 2.3 2.8 2.5 2.3 2.8 2.3 2.0 2.1 2.0
linear
shrinkage
when foam
was left to
stand at 60.degree. C.
at relative
humidity of
80% for
7 days (%)
Amount of
10 3 less 5 5 8 9 less less
free than 2 than 2
than 2
formalin in
foam (ppm)
Increase in
-- -- -- -- -- -- 3 2 2
weight of
metal plate
as mentioned
in Working
Examples
17-22
Degree of
-- -- -- -- -- -- slight
slight
slight
rust rust rust rust
__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 9
__________________________________________________________________________
Comparative Example
23 24 25 26 27 28
__________________________________________________________________________
Foaming agent
n-butane
1,2-dichloro-
trichloro
dichloro
1,2-dichloro-
1,2-dichloro-
tetrafluoro
fluoro fluoro
tetrafluoro
tetrafluoro
ethane methane
methane
ethane ethane
Amount of
0.18 0.96 0.38 0.10 0.66 0.24
foaming agent
per 100 grs.
of preconden-
sate (mol)
Curing agent
85% 85% 20% 10% 85% 85%
phosphoric
phosphoric
sulfamic acid
oxalic acid
phosphoric
phosphoric
acid acid acid acid
Amount of cur-
16 17 45 40 17 18
ing agent per
100 parts of
precondensate
Temperature at
18 18 30 10 18 18
which foam
cures (.degree.C.)
Time for
3 4 3 3 4 3
surface harden-
ing (min.)
Density of
26.5 15.0 15.5 45.5 15.0 19.5
foam (Kg/m.sup.3)
Efficiency of
93.6 31.0 75.8 98.1 45.1 95.4
foam (%)
Compression
0.40 0.05 0.08 0.60 0.08 0.20
strength of
foam (Kg/cm.sup.2)
Linear 4.5 7.0 7.7 3.0 7.9 7.5
shrinkage rate
one month after
foaming (%)
Linear 12.0 16.5 14.5 9.5 15.0 15.5
shrinkage rate
after left to
stand in a
field for a
year (%)
Appearance
powdered and degraded
after left to
stand in a
field for a year
Rate of linear
15.0 20.0 20.0 12.0 18.0 20.0
shrinkage when
foam was left
to stand at
60.degree. C. at rela-
tive humidity
of 80% for
7 day (%)
Amount of free
70 65 68 73 65 65
formalin in
foam (ppm)
__________________________________________________________________________
WORKING EXAMPLE 33 AND COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 29
182 parts of the solution of precondensate of Preparation 4 (100 parts of solid content of precondensate), 4 parts of a 20% aqueous solution of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate and 0.34 mol of 1,2-dichlorotetrafluoro ethane (per 100 grs. of solid content of precondensate) was blended and emulsified at 18.degree. C. at a pressure above 1 atm. The resulting emulsion was continuously blended by a mechanical means with 30 parts of 50% aqueous solution of resorcinol and 13 parts of an 85% aqueous solution of phosphoric acid. The resulting solution was depressurized at a foaming temperature as given in Table 10 and charged into a film-clad corrugated box to foam and be cured. The results are shown in Table 10.
For comparison, the procedure of the above Working Example was repeated except that no resorcinol was used. The results are shown as Comparative Example 29 in Table 100.
TABLE 10
______________________________________
Working Comparative
Example 33
Example 29
______________________________________
Density of foam (Kg/m.sup.3)
16.0 15.0
Compression strength of
0.55 0.15
foam (Kg/cm.sup.2)
Linear shrinkage rate
0 8.5
one month after foaming
(%)
Linear shrinkage rate
0.2 15.5
after left to stand in
a field for a year (%)
Appearance after left to
good powdered and
stand in a field for a degraded
year
Rate of linear shrinkage
3.0 15.0
when foam was left to
stand at 80.degree. C. at relative
humidity of 80% for
7 days (%)
Amount of free formalin
6 60
in foam (ppm)
______________________________________
Claims
1. A process for producing amine formaldehyde resin foam by using a precondensate for the amine formaldehyde resin, foaming agent, a surfactant and a curing agent, characterized in that the foaming agent is selected from the group consisting of aliphatic hydrocarbons, halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons having a boiling point in the range of from about -30.degree. C. to about 30.degree. C. or mixtures thereof, and the foaming agent being used in amount of from about 0.07 mol to about 1.0 mol per 100 g of solid content of the precondensate for amine formaldehyde resin, and
- wherein the foaming system further contains at least one modifier selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by the formula: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl having 1-3 carbon atoms, and R.sub.4 is selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, hydrogen and alkyl having 1-3 carbon atoms; mixtures of the compounds of formula I; a condensate of each of the compounds of formula I and formaldehyde; and mixtures of the condensate and the compound of formula I, the process comprising
- mixing the precondensate, the foaming agent, the modifier and the surfactant under such conditions that the foaming agent is maintained liquid,
- emulsifying the resulting mixture at a temperature which is at least 0.degree. C. and higher than the boiling point of the foaming agent by 5.degree.-50.degree. C. and at such a pressure that the foaming agent is maintained liquid at said temperature,
- while or after mixing the resulting emulsified mixture with the curing agent, transferring the resulting mixture to an environment having atmospheric pressure or depressurizing the mixture to atmospheric pressure at a temperature which is between 0.degree. and 35.degree. C. and higher than the boiling point of the foaming agent to foam the mixture.
2. The process as defined in claim 1 wherein at least one aromatic sulfonic acid is used as the curing agent.
3. The process as defined in claim 2 wherein the aromatic sulfonic acid is selected from the group consisting of toluenesulfonic acid, phenolsulfonic acid and mixtures thereof.
4. The process as defined in claim 2 wherein the curing agent is a solution of at least one aromatic sulfonic acid in a solvent selected from the group consisting of water, glycol, glycerin and mixtures thereof.
5. The process as defined in claim 1 wherein the curing agent is used in amount of from about 0.05 parts to about 20 parts by weight per 100 parts of solid content of the precondensate for the amine formaldehyde resin.
6. The process as defined in claim 1 wherein the surfactant is used in amount of from about 0.03 parts to about 7 parts by weight per 100 parts of solid content of the precondensate.
7. The process as defined in claim 1 wherein the foaming agent is selected from the group consisting of L.P.G., dichlorodifluoro methane, 1,2-dichlorotetrafluoro ethane, trichlorofluoro methane and mixtures thereof.
8. The process as defined in claim 1 wherein the modifier is selected from the group consisting of resorcinol, oil shale resorcinol and mixtures thereof.
9. The process as defined in claim 1 wherein the modifier is used in amount of from about 5 to about 40 parts by weight per 100 parts of solid content of the precondensate.
10. A process according to claim 1 effected in the absence of water; and wherein no heating is effected during the foaming step.
Type: Grant
Filed: Sep 3, 1981
Date of Patent: Jun 28, 1983
Assignee: Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Inc. (Tokyo)
Inventors: Toshiaki Kanada (Matsudo), Kazuhiro Suzuki (Tokyo), Hiroshi Yoshioka (Tokyo), Kenji Maeda (Kanamachi), Yoshihiro Tsurumi (Kanamachi)
Primary Examiner: Morton Foelak
Law Firm: Browdy & Neimark
Application Number: 6/299,168
International Classification: C08J 914;
