Abstract: An anion-exchange chromatographic packing composition which comprises:a substrate which consists essentially of particles having cation-exchanging sites at least on their available surfaces, the particles being of a diameter of between about 1 to about 75 microns; anda liquid coating which consists essentially of a hydrophilic, water soluble, film forming resin having anion-exchanging sites which attract available cation-exchanging sites of the substrate, wherein the liquid coating is retained by electrostatic bonds on the available surfaces of the substrate particles. The invention further includes a chromatographic column and process using the described packing composition.

Abstract: Reversed-phase materials and a method for producing such materials are disclosed. In making the materials, first a thin layer of an adsorbate comprising reactive amine groups is adsorbed to a support material such as silica, alumina or titania. A portion of the reactive amine groups of said adsorbed coating are then reacted with an amount of a hydrophobic reagent sufficient to effect crosslinking of said coating. At least one remaining reactive amine group, and preferably all of the reactive amine groups of said crosslinked adsorbed coating, are then reacted, preferably in the presence of a proton scavenger, with an amount of a hydrophobic anhydride sufficient to form an amide bond with said reactive amine.

Abstract: Interpenetrating polymer network ion exchange membranes include a microporous polymeric support film interpenetrated by an ion exchange polymer and are produced by absorbing and polymerizing monomers within the support film. The ion exchange polymer provides ion exchange ligands at the surface of and throughout the support film which have sufficient ligand mobility to extract and transport ions across the membrane.

Abstract: Ion-complexing gels are disclosed for the selective removal of metal ions from plating solutions, the gels comprising hydrophobic nonporous polymers plasticized and swollen with either hydroxyoxime or phosphoric acid ester complexing agents. Also disclosed are novel ion-complexing media comprising polymeric microporous anisotropic beads impregnated with the same complexing agents. Copper, zinc and iron contaminants are effectively removed from nickel-plating solutions.

Abstract: Ion exchange resins and chelate resins are provided with ion exchange or chelate capability by depositing on an insoluble substrate dense star polymers having terminal group densities greater than conventional star polymers exhibiting greater and more uniform reactivity than their corresponding conventional star polymers. For example, a third generation, amine-terminated polyamidoamine dense star polymer prepared from ammonia, methyl acrylate and ethylenediamine having 1.24.times.10.sup.-4 amine moieties per unit volume (cubic Angstrom units) in contrast to the 1.58.times.10.sup.-6 amine moieties per unit volume contained by a conventional star polymer can be reacted with a chloromethylated styrene/divinyl copolymer (insoluble substrate) to form a desirably weak base anion exchange resin.

Abstract: A sulphonated aromatic polymer containing repeating units (Ar-Y) (where Y is SO.sub.2 and/or CO), where at least half of groups Ar contain a group SO.sub.3 M and M is l/m of a polyvalent metal cation in at least 80% of such groups SO.sub.3 M, and where m is the valency of the ion. The polyvalent cation compound is formed by heating the corresponding sulphonic acid or monovalent cation compound with a salt of a polyvalent metal. The polymer is useful as a membrane and the polyvalent metal salt addition and/or the heat treatment may be applied to polymer in membrane form.

Abstract: Mercury is removed from a gas stream using anion exchange resins.

Abstract: The present invention relates to absorbent structures in which hydrogel has improved ability to absorb salt-containing fluids due to inclusion within the absorbent structures of fibrous anion exchange materials. The absorbent structures of the present invention comprise hydrogel and fibrous anion exchange material (e.g., DEAE cellulose), and, optionally, fibrous cation exchange materials and/or conventional absorbent materials; said absorbent structures having an equilibrium pH of from about 5 to about 11. The present invention further relates to disposable absorbent products (e.g., diapers, incontinent pads, sanitary napkins) which comprise absorbent structures of the present invention.

Abstract: Cation-exchange support materials and methods for producing such materials are disclosed. In making the support materials, first a thin layer of an adsorbate comprising amine groups is adsorbed to an inorganic support material such as silica, alumina or titania. The adsorbed coating is then optionally crosslinked by a crosslinking agent such as epoxy resin or alkyl bromide. At least one amine group of the adsorbed crosslinked coating is then reacted, preferably in the presence of a proton scavenger, with an amount of a hydrophilic reagent sufficient to generate at least one carboxyl group. Alternatively, amine groups of the uncrosslinked adsorbed coating are reacted, preferably in the presence of a proton scavenger, with an amount of a hydrophilic polyfunctional reagent sufficient to simultaneously crosslink said coating and generate carboxyl groups.

Abstract: A novel composite membrane and methods of making the membrane are described. The discriminating layer of the membrane is prepared by reaction of a reactive cationic compound group with a compound bearing a nucleophilic moiety. At least one of the reactants bears an average of two or more reactive groups. The reaction product contains covalent bonds formed via charge eliminating reactions.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the nucleophilic group is anionic and a coacervate is formed initially on a microporous substrate. The resulting membrane may be useful for reverse osmosis, gas or ultrafiltration separations.

Abstract: A process for compacting and solidifying solid waste materials to effect the volume reduction thereof simultaneously with the solidification thereof with thermoplastic resins originally contained in the waste materials and, if necessary, supplementary thermoplastic resins externally supplied thereto, thus facilitating the waste materials for temporary storage or final disposal thereof; an appartus for carrying out said process; and an overall system for disposal of the waste materials.

Abstract: A process for purifying a gaseous mixture comprising arsine, phosphine, ammonia, and/or inert gases, to remove Lewis acid and/or oxidant impurities therefrom, comprising contacting the mixture with a scavenger including a support having associated therewith an anion which is effective to remove such impurities, such anion being selected from one or more members of the group consisting of: (i) carbanions whose corresponding protonated compounds have a pK.sub.a value of from about 22 to about 36; and (ii) anions formed by reaction of such carbanions with the primary component of the mixture.

Abstract: The present invention is a group of new polymers and treated, semi-permeable, polymeric membranes made from the new polymers, having improved selectivity for separating components of a gas mixture. The membrane is provided by fluorinating a polymer cast into membrane form, having the general structural formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is H or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkyl group; R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are independently linear or branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl groups; R.sub.4 is a linear or branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl or aryl group; X is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl group or phenyl; m is at least 100; and n is 0 or 1.

Abstract: Improved, inert separator beads for separating cation exchange resins from anion exchange resins during regeneration of mixed-bed exchange resins have been discovered. These beads are crosslinked copolymers of methyl methacrylate, styrene and a hydrophilic monomer containing an amide functionality, and have little tendency to clump together or clump at an air-water interface.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of an ion exchange sorbent containing at least one anion exchange resin, a ferromagnetic substance, and a water permeable organic polymer binder, as well as a process for the use of said sorbent to separate removable anions from feed streams containing said anions.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of an ion exchange sorbent containing at least one anion exchange resin, a ferromagnetic substance, and a water permeable organic polymer binder, as well as a process for the use of said sorbent to separate removable anions from feed streams containing said anion.

Abstract: A membrane of substantially non-crosslinked organic polymers which contain ionogenic groups bonded to the polymer chain via an alkylene radical, at intervals of not less than 4 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A cation exchange membrane manufacturing method in which a film of a blend which consists of a perfluoro carbon polymer having a group transformable into a sulfonic acid group and a perfluoro carbon polymer having a group transformable into a carboxylic acid group or a film of a copolymer which consists of a perfluoro carbon monomer having a group transformable into a sulfonic acid group and a perfluoro carbon monomer having a group transformable into a carboxylic acid group and another film of a perfluoro carbon polymer having a group transformable into a carboxylic acid group are joined together. Following that, the group transformable into a carboxylic acid group and the group transformable into a sulfonic acid group are transformed respectively into the carboxylic acid group and the sulfonic acid group.

Abstract: A method of measuring a content of a compound such as gaseous sulfur dioxide in air comprising adsorbing the compound on a solid adsorbent, including a carrier consisting of a solid buffer of a partially regenerated ion exchanger.In addition the solid adsorbent may comprise a stabilizer which is either a stabilizer for the compound intended to be adsorbed on the adsorbent or a stabilizer for a reaction product thereof formed in the adsorption.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for bituminizing radioactive waste constituted by cation and/or anion exchange resins.This process comprises a resin pretreatment stage performed so as to replace the H.sup.+ ions of the cation exchange resins by ions chosen from the group including Ca.sup.++, Sr.sup.++ and Ba.sup.++ and/or for replacing the OH.sup.- and/or Cl.sup.- ions of the anion exchange resins by an anion chosen from the group including NO.sub.3.sup.-, HCO.sub.2.sup.- and CH.sub.3 CO.sub.2.sup.-.This pretreatment makes it possible to increase the capacity of the coating installation and limit the swelling in water of the bituminized coatings obtained.

Abstract: Novel anion exchange resin composites having hydrous chromium III oxide (Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3.nH.sub.2 O) incorporated therein are useful in removing a wide array of polyvalent metal cations from aqueous solution.

Abstract: There is disclosed novel copper ion-exchange media and processes for the recovery of cupric ion from ammoniacal copper solutions and for the recovery of spent printed circuit board etchant. The novel ion-exchange media comprise hydrophobic nonporous polymer plasticized and swollen with a monomeric organic liquid copper ion-exchange agent such as beta-diketones or hydroxyoximes. A novel copper ion-complexing agent, 1-n-octylphenyl-p-1,3-butanedione, is also disclosed. The processes essentially comprise contacting the ammoniacal cupric ion-containing solution or spent etchant with the novel copper ion-exchange media to extract copper in cupric ion form. Copper can be recovered therefrom by conventional methods such as acid stripping and electrowinning.

Abstract: An anion exchange resin for separating boron isotopes which is a resin having an aminopolyol group as a functional group and has been treated with an alkali solution containing:A: an alkali metal hydroxide or ammonium hydroxide; andB: an alkali metal salt or an ammonium saltand which is to be used in steps comprising passing a boric acid solution through a column packed with said resin to form a boric acid adsorption band and thereafter developing said adsorption band with an acid solution thereby separating boron isomers.

Abstract: A process for producing an ion exchange membrane comprising impregnating a base material with a polymerizable monomer material and polymerizing the monomer material, if necessary, followed by a reaction for introducing ion exchange groups, wherein said base material is made of an olefin polymer and/or a fluorinated olefin polymer, said polymerizable monomer material is a mixture comprising styrene, chloromethylstyrene and divinylbenzene as three essential components, and the polymerizable monomer material impregnated in the base material is firstly partially polymerized by irradiation of ionizing radiation, and subsequently completely polymerized by heating in the presence of a polymerization initiator.

Abstract: Lewis acid and oxidant impurities are removed from inert fluids by contacting with a high capacity macroreticulate polymer comprising a macroreticulate polymer backbone having a plurality of pendant functional groups or mixtures of functional groups having the general formula: ##STR1## where Ar is an aromatic hydrocarbon radical containing from one to three rings; R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl hydrocarbon radicals, methylene-bridged benzophenone radicals, salts of methylene-bridged benzophenone, methylene-bridged fluorenone radicals and salts of methylene-bridged fluorenone; and M is selected from the group consisting of lithium, potassium, sodium, alkyl magnesium, and alkyl zinc.

Abstract: Pre-swelled ion exchange membranes formed from one or more layers of fluorinated polymer having carboxylic or sulfonic acid functional groups and which polymer contains about 8 to 30% by weight of a swelling agent of the formula HO(CH.sub.2 CHYO).sub.n H where Y=H or CH.sub.3 and n=2, 3 or 4 are disclosed. Also disclosed are processes for preparing these membranes, electrochemical cells utilizing these membranes, and methods of preparing said cells for use in chloralkali processes.

Abstract: Polybromide resin beads for disinfecting potable water are stabilized as to bromide content by:(A) initially charging excess bromine into an aqueous slurry of quaternary ammonium amine exchange resin beads;(B) removing external moisture to provide moist sticky beads;(C) passing gaseous drying agent at controlled temperature and velocity effective to gradually remove internal moisture and excess bromine; and(D) continuing the gradual drying until dry, free-flowing beads having less than 5% water and 17 to 47% bromine are obtained.

Abstract: A spherical ion exchange resin composed of a phenolic resin and a metal hydroxide is disclosed. The metal hydroxide is enclosed and bound with the phenolic resin. A method for producing such an ion exchange resin and a method for selectively adsorbing ions using the same is also disclosed. The ion exchange resin is capable of efficiently recovering ions contained or dissolved in water in trace amounts and, hence, can be applied to any aqueous solution containing ions. For example, it can be used to recover useful substances from sea water and to purify waste waters from nonferrous refineries and nuclear power plants.

Abstract: A process for preparing copolymer beads suitable for conversion to ion exchange resins, comprising forming a polymeric matrix containing a plurality of free radicals, and continuously adding to said matrix, under conditions suitable for polymerizing a monomer feed which is imbibed by and polymerized within the matrices. Ion exchange resins prepared from beads made by such process exhibit improved osmotic and mechanical properties.

Abstract: An apparatus for purifying blood has a blood compartment and a clearance compartment separated by a semi-permeable membrane. The apparatus includes a device containing a cation exchange resin charged with metal ions whose phosphates are insoluble in water. Metal salts of iron, aluminum, zirconium, lanthanum, thorium and tin are deposited on a cation exchange material and the charged cation exchange resin is contacted with dialysis liquid. The process of treating blood with the dialysis liquid is also contemplated.

Abstract: Ion exchange resins in the base form, e.g., DOWEX MWA--1--OH ion exchange resin, which contain crystalline Al(OH).sub.3, e.g., gibbsite, and/or bayerite, and/or norstrandite, are treated with hot, concentrated LiX solutions (where X is anion) to prepare 3-layer crystalline LiX.2Al(OH).sub.3.nH.sub.2 O in the resin.

Abstract: A method for making a quite finely divided particulate copolymeric perfluorocarbon having pendant cation exchange functional groups, and having an equivalent weight of at least in excess of 900 but not greater than about 1500. In the method, the perfluorocarbon copolymer is solvated in a solvent and then precipitated from solution by addition of a substance miscible in the solvent but having essentially no capability for solvating the perfluorocarbon copolymer. The method is conducted at a temperature generally below about 300.degree. C.

Abstract: A urethral catheter composed of olefin polymer, diene polymer or silicone polymer as a base material wherein an antimicrobial substance being chemically bonded with the inside wall and/or the outside wall thereof, and a process for producing the same. This urethral catheter effectively prevents urinary tract infection for a long period of time.

Abstract: Improved beads for use in the interfacial separation of anion and cation exchange beads are spherical, hydrolytically stable polymer beads having a controlled particle size, controlled density and a water wettability. The beads comprise a hydrophobic monomer, a hydrophilic monomer and a crosslinking monomer. The interface beads allow for the preparation of mixed-bed exchange resin compositions having improved life cycles and improved resin efficiencies.

Abstract: Chromate ions present in aqueous solutions, e.g. cooling tower blowdown water or liquors obtained from the electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride solutions, are substantially completely removed by passing the solution through an intimate mixture of an anion exchange resin in the chloride form and a weak cation exchange resin in a conditioned hydrogen form.

Abstract: A ferromagnetic material is integrally incorporated with each of the ionic beads of one component of a mixed ionic resin bed containing more than one ionic bead component, such that the one ionic bead component can be separated from the other component by attraction to a magnetic field. Ionic beads containing a ferromagnetic material are attracted to an inhomogeneous magnetic field while other ionic beads devoid of the ferromagnetic material are not so attracted. In another embodiment, a ferromagnetic material having a specific Curie temperature may be incorporated with one ionic bead component while the other bead component contains a different ferromagnetic material having a different Curie temperature.

Abstract: Alkaline earth metal ions, e.g., Mg.sup.++ and/or Ca.sup.++, are removed from alkali metal brines, e.g., NaCl, by use of a particulate, macroporous, anion exchange resin containing the in-situ reaction product of polymeric, amorphous, hydrous zirconium oxide and a source of PO.sub.4.sup.--- ions, e.g., H.sub.3 PO.sub.4.

Abstract: An improved method for producing ion-selective membranes having a desired shape and of a desired plastic, for incorporation in ion-sensing electrodes, and the electrodes incorporating these membranes. This method allows the use of preformed polymeric members having the desired shape to produce ion-selective membranes, allowing simplified production of ion-sensing electrodes, as well as combination ion-sensing and reference electrodes.

Abstract: An improved chromatographic analytical column, the column containing a pellicular type (agglomerated) anion-exchange packing, comprising:Component A, which comprises a pressure packed bed of substrate particles of insoluble synthetic resin, having cation-exchanging sites at least on their available surfaces, the Component A particles being of low porosity relative to Component B microparticles, described below, andComponent B, derived by agglomerating microparticles of insoluble synthetic resin onto the pressure packed bed of Component A particles, the microparticles having a volume average diameter of less than about 1,500 and greater than about 50 Angstroms and having anion-exchanging sites, at least on their outer surfaces, which attract available cation sites of Component A, wherein the microparticles of Component B are attached as a monolayer to the available surfaces of the Component A particles.

Abstract: A protective garment fabricated at least in part from a composite fabric which contains a layer of a highly fluorinated ion exchange polymer having sulfonic acid multivalent metal ion salt functional groups.

Abstract: Novel ion-exchange media are disclosed, the media comprising polymeric anisotropic microporous supports containing polymeric ion-exchange or ion-complexing materials. The supports are anisotropic, having small exterior pores and larger interior pores, and are preferably in the form of beads, fibers and sheets.

Abstract: A new class of ion exchange agents comprises water soluble polymers called polyelectrolytes sorbed onto ion exchange functional substrates.

Abstract: This invention is directed to electrodialysis, electrochemical membrane cells and particularly to components comprising the ion-exchange membranes. These membranes are fabricated containing a reinforcing structure comprised of non-woven carbon fibers derived for example from carbonized polyacrylonitrile. The membranes so produced have a low D.C. electrical resistance (increased conductivity) which enables electrodialysis to be performed more economically.

Abstract: Macroporous cation exchange resins with sulfonic acid functional groups having polymeric hydrous zirconium oxide and polyacrylic acid contained therein are useful in substantially removing sulfate, borate, bicarbonate and/or phosphate ions from alkali metal salt solutions.

Abstract: Macroporous ion exchange resins having increased apparent density are provided by incorporating into said resins a weighting agent which is of greater apparent density than the resin itself. Such weighted resins exhibit reduced bed expansion when used with upflow streams, with relatively dense liquids, and with relatively viscous liquids.

Abstract: Crystalline 2-layer LiOH.2Al(OH).sub.3.nH.sub.2 O, preferably supported by a porous substrate, is prepared by treating crystalline 2-layer LiX.2Al(OH).sub.3.nH.sub.2 O, where X is anion, with a LiOH solution or other hydroxide ion source. The so-formed crystalline 2-layer LiOH.2Al(OH).sub.3.nH.sub.2 O is particularly suitable for exchange of the OH ion with larger X' ions to produce other crystalline 2-layer LiX'.2Al(OH).sub.3.nH.sub.2 O.

Abstract: An inert bead form polymer, of intermediate settling velocity between cation and anion exchange resins, which is dyed a highly visible color.

Abstract: An unfoamed permeable material, which absorbs and desorbs moisture satisfactorily and which is suitable for making thin-walled articles having a maximum thickness of 3 mm, is based on plastic and/or rubber mixtures containing macromolecular hydrophilic fillers. The hydrophilic fillers are synthetic, water insoluble, cross-linked macromolecular materials containing pendent polar groups, which are able to bind water reversibly, e.g. hydroxy, amine, amide, carboxylic and sulfonic groups in H.sup.+, Na.sup.+, K.sup.+, Li.sup.+, Ca.sup.++, or Ba.sup.++ form, or quaternary ammonium groups in CH.sup.-, Cl.sup.- or HSO.sub.4.sup.- form.

Abstract: The bayerite form of crystalline alumina, Al(OH).sub.3, contained within a macroporous ion exchange resin is converted to the gibbsite form of Al(OH).sub.3 by reaction with hot MgX.sub.2, where X is halide, followed by water-washing the MgX.sub.2 portion from the product, thereby causing the conversion of bayerite to the gibbsite form of crystalline Al(OH).sub.3. The gibbsite form may then be reacted with hot LiX solution, where X is anion, to form crystalline 2-layer LiX.2Al(OH).sub.3.nH.sub.2 O.

Abstract: A process is provided for making a liquid composition of a perfluorinated polymer having sulfonic acid or sulfonate groups in a liquid medium by contacting the polymer with a mixture of 25 to 100% by weight of water and 0 to 75% by weight of a second liquid component such as a lower alcohol, e.g., propanol or methanol, at a temperature of at least 180.degree. C. (at least 240.degree. C. when about 90% to 100% water is used), in a closed system. The liquid composition made by this process, or modified liquid products prepared therefrom, are used in coating various substrates, in casting films, and in repairing perfluorinated ion exchange films and membranes. The process is also useful in recovering perfluorinated polymer having sulfonic acid or sulfonate groups from scraps and used articles made of such polymer or containing such polymer as a component part thereof.