Abstract: Proposed is a method for the preparation of an efficient ion exchanger useful for separation and recovery of cesium ions from an aqueous solution such as strongly acidic waste solutions containing radioactive species of cesium. The method comprises the steps of (a) adsorption of hexacyanoferrate (II) ions on to porous particles of an anion exchange resin, (b) conversion of the hexacyanoferrate (II) ions into water-insoluble copper salt thereof in situ in the resin pores, (c) an oxidation treatment of the resin particles and (d) a reduction treatment in the presence of potassium ions followed by contacting of the resin particles with an aqueous solution containing copper ions. A method for the regeneration of the ion exchanger after adsorption of cesium ions is also proposed.

Abstract: A planar, solid-state electrochemical oxygen sensor having a substrate, conductive strips deposited on the substrate, and a dielectric layer insulating portions of the conductive strips except those portions which define a working electrode and at least one second electrode. The working electrode may be defined by an open printed region of the dielectric, or by a needle-punched or laser-burned hole or opening in the dielectric which exposes a small region of one of the conductive strips. A solid electrolyte contacting the electrodes is covered by a semipermeable membrane which may comprise an acrylonitrile butadiene copolymer or an acrylate-based copolymer. A sample chamber is defined by the membrane, a cover member, and a gasket therebetween, and has a volume of from about 1 to about 2 .mu.m. The gasket is formulated from the highly cross-linked polymerization product of epichlorohydrin. All sensor components are selected such that a sensor operable for at least 2 days under normal conditions is produced.

Abstract: Seeded cation-exchange resin beads are particularly susceptible to oxidative degradation which results in the leaching of organic carbon fragments. The leachability of organic carbon fragments of molecular weights greater than 1000 g/mol is reduced to less than 800 ppm by effectively crosslinking the copolymers that comprise the seeded cation-exchange in beads Crosslinking can be achieved either during sulfonation by increasing sulfone bridge formation or before sulfonation by either alkylene bridge formation or by incorporation and subsequent activation of a crosslinkable functionality in the copolymer that forms the seed in the seeded polymer bead process.

Abstract: A process for producing a deionizing resin, which comprises reacting an organic compound having at least one reactive hydroxy group and at least one active chelating site with an organic polymer matrix having at least one reactive --OH or --NH.sub.2 group, at a pH greater than 10.0 and thereby producing a polymer complex, washing the polymer complex with water followed by washing with a mineral acid solution and then again washing with water and thereby reducing the level of sodium, iron and chromium ions in the polymer complex to less than 500 ppb each.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of ion exchange resins having metal-exchanged thiol functional groups in removing iodide impurities from carboxylic acids and/or carboxylic acid anhydrides. More particularly, this invention provides a process for removing iodide impurities from liquid carboxylic acids and/or carboxylic acid anhydrides using ion exchange resins in which thiol functional groups have been exchanged with silver, palladium or mercury.

Abstract: Dense star polymers or dendrimers having a highly branched interior structure capable of associating or chelating with metal ions are modified by capping with a hydrophobic group capable of providing a hydrophobic outer shell. The modified dendrimers are useful for dispersing metal ions in a non-aqueous polymer matrix. Also dense star polymers or dendrimers having a highly branched hydrophilic interior structure are modified by capping with a hydrophobic group capable of providing a hydrophobic outer shell, which modified polymers are useful as gels and surfactants.

Abstract: A membrane and electrode structure is formed by surface hydrolyzing an ion exchange membrane and then applying electrode ink of catalytically active particles on the surface of the membrane. The membrane and electrode structure of the present invention is particularly useful in fuel cells and batteries. The inventive process prevents the membrane from swelling or distorting following application of the electrode ink and also improves adhesion between the electrode ink layer and the surface of the membrane.

Abstract: An ion exchange resin for extracting metal ions from a liquid waste stream. An ion exchange resin is prepared by copolymerizing a vinylidene diphosphonic acid with styrene, acrylonitrile and divinylbenzene.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are partially fluorinated (co)polymers containing sulfonic acid or sulfonate salt groups, processes for making those polymers, and intermediates for those (co)polymers. The (co)polymers are useful as ion-exchange resins and (in the sulfonic acid form) acid catalysts.

Abstract: The subject invention relates to solid polymer electrolyte membranes comprising proton conducting polymers stable at temperatures in excess of 100.degree. C., the polymer being basic polymer complexed with a strong acid or an acid polymer. The invention further relates to the use of such membranes in electrolytic cells and acid fuel cells. Particularly, the invention relates to the use of polybenzimidazole as a suitable polymer electrolyte membrane.

Abstract: It has been discovered (Examples 4, 11 and 17) that certain desirable films will not absorb a sufficient amount of certain desirable, polymerizable monomers as to result in interpolymer membranes having desirable ion exchange properties after polymerization of any absorbed such monomers and after any subsequent conversion of such absorbed and polymerized monomers into ionizable moieties. It has also been discovered that if a predetermined amount of plasticizer, extractable by such monomers, is incorporated into such films, then the latter will absorb a sufficient amount of such monomers as to result (after polymerization of such monomers) in interpolymer membranes having desirable ion exchange properties.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process of manufacturing phosphoric acid-type chelate resins as uranyl ion adsorbents having enhanced chelation and re-utilizing ability by introducing plenty of phosphoric acid groups both on main- and side-chain of the copolymer skeleton. The resin is prepared by both the radical suspension copolymerization of vinyl monomers such as styrene, divinylbenzene, and bis-(2-chloroethyl) vinylphosphonate and the additional introduction of phosphono group onto the copolymer.

Abstract: A composition is provided for treating drinking water for disinfecting and/or removing iodide. The composition utilizes resin bound silver ions. For performing the disinfection or iodide removal with minimal release of silver ions into the water being treated, a chelating resin having iminodiacetate chelating groups is employed, and the resin is loaded with not over 0.5 mol of silver ions per mol of iminodiacetate.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process of manufacturing phosphoric acid-type chelate resins as uranyl ion adsorbents having enhanced chelation and re-utilizing ability by introducing plenty of phosphoric acid groups both on main- and side-chain of the copolymer skeleton. The resin is prepared by both the radical suspension copolymerization of vinyl monomers such as styrene, divinylbenzene, and bis-(2-chloroethyl) vinylphosphonate and the additional introduction of phosphono group onto the copolymer.

Abstract: An ion exchanger comprising a particle of an insoluble crosslinked polymer having alcoholic hydroxyl groups, as a base material, and a glycidyl-adduct of polyol and/or its oligomer, as a spacer, wherein ion exchange groups are attached to the spacer.

Abstract: According to the process according to the invention for the preparation of anion exchange resins of the poly(meth)acrylamide type by aminolysis of bead polymers of cross-linked poly(meth)acrylic acid esters with excess polyamine, subsequent separation of the anion exchange resins from the liquid phase containing the unreacted polyamine, washing the anion exchangers free of amine with water and recovering the polyamines from the washing waters, the liquid phase containing the unreacted polyamine and the polyamine-containing washing waters are immediately mixed with the bead polymer of cross-linked poly(meth)acrylic acid ester to be subjected to aminolysis, the amount of fresh polyamine necessary for the establishment of the desired polyamine excess is added to the mixture, the mixture thus obtained is distillatively dewatered until its water content has fallen to a value of <7% by weight and the mixture remaining after this distillative dewatering is subjected to aminolysis in the customary manner.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for increasing (improving) the volume/time yield of fixed-bed reactors in the production of bisphenol A.

Abstract: An oxidizing resin for iodide conversion and retention is prepared from a metal chelating resin providing functional groups binding polyvalent metal ions. The oxidizing resin is formed by applying an alcohol solution of zirconium peroxide to the chelating resin granules. The resulting oxidizing resin will convert iodide to iodine in aqueous solution, and will retain the converted iodine within the resin granules. When the oxidative capacity has been reduced by treating large amounts of iodide, it can be easily regenerated by contacting the zirconium-containing resin with hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: A novel biocompatible anion exchange membrane is prepared by reacting the hydroxyl groups of a chromatographic support material with a polyester-cellulose solution containing glycidyl trimethyl ammonium chloride and bis glycidyl polyethylene oxide.

Abstract: An anion exchange method conducted at a high temperature, which comprises using a crosslinked anion exchanger which comprises structural units having a quaternary ammonium group of the following formula (a) and structural units derived from an unsaturated hydrocarbon group-containing crosslinkable monomer, and of which at least 90% of anion exchange groups are present in the form of a group represented by ##STR1## as defined in the following formula (a): ##STR2## wherein R is a --(CH.sub.2).sub.n --group (n=an integer of from 3 to 18) which may include a cyclic hydrocarbon, each of R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 which are independent from one another, is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 hydrocarbon group or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkanol group, the benzene ring of the formula (a) may be substituted by an alkyl group or a halogen atom, or may be condensed with other aromatic ring, and X is an anion.

Abstract: The production of high purity oxygen and hydrogen gases can be accomplished utilizing an electrolysis assembly comprising an anode, a cathode, an ion exchange membrane disposed therebetween, an anode chamber, and a cathode chamber. This ion exchange membrane has been multiply impregnated with catalyst and therefore contains internal catalyst sites where hydrogen gas, which diffuses through the ion exchange membrane from the cathode chamber, and oxygen gas, which diffuses through the ion exchange membrane from the anode chamber, react to form water. Reacting the hydrogen and oxygen gases within the ion exchange membrane prevents these gases from contaminating the oxygen stream in the anode chamber and the hydrogen stream in the cathode chamber, respectively.

Abstract: Metal cations absorbed within a hydrogel chelation polymer are insolubilized for safe disposal by treating the polymer with a precipitative anion such as carbonate, aluminate, hydroxide, phosphate, silicate, or sulfide. Further insolubilization of the metal cations may be achieved by subsequent treatment of the polymer with a water-dilutable prepolymer composition such as phenol-formaldehyde resin, then heating to cause cross-linking of the prepolymer. The hydrogel chelation polymer, containing metal sulfide formed by virtue of the insolubilization process, is useful in abstracting from water metals whose sulfides are less soluble than the metal sulfide initially within the polymer.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, an ion-exchange composition has been formed which comprises synthetic resin support particles, dispersant capable of suspending the support particles in an aqueous medium to inhibit or prevent agglomeration, and fine synthetic resin layering particles. In a preferred embodiment, the complex can be formed by contacting a suitable dispersant with monomer in an aqueous solution in which the monomer is insoluble. Under suitable conditions for suspension polymerization, the monomer will polymerize to form resin support particles having dispersant irreversibly attached to those particles. The dispersant is irreversibly attached to the synthetic resin support particles, either by covalent bonding or permanent physical entanglement. The dispersant is also attached to the fine layering particles, either by covalent bonding or electrostatic forces. The result is formation of a support particle-dispersant-layering particle complex.

Abstract: A process for absorbing silver from photographic hypo solutions involves passing the hypo solution through a bed consisting of a multitude of a sponge product confined within a vessel. The sponge product is derived from an open-celled cellulosic sponge into which there has been incorporated 30% to 80% by weight of a polymer produced by the thermal interaction of polyethyleneimine (PEI) with a polycarboxylic acid. The polymer further contains an activating multivalent cation and between 90% and 300% water. Silver is eluted from the sponge product employing aqueous solutions of a complexing agent such as an ammonium compound or a cyanide compound. Following a water wash, the bed of sponge product is ready for its next cycle of silver absorption.

Abstract: A supported, mechanically stable bipolar membrane for electrodialysis having a cation-exchange layer on one side and an anion-exchange layer on the other side of a single sheet of woven fabric. The cation exchange layer is heterogeneous, the anion exchange layer is homogeneous and the two are interlocked. A process of making such bipolar membranes is described. The bipolar membrane may be fabricated into electrodialysis cells in which two membranes are joined along their edges.

Abstract: What is provided herein is a three-dimensional water disinfectant composition comprising the reaction product of a cross-linked, anti-microbial organosilicon quaternary ammonium salt and a macroporous cationic exchange resin. The cross-linked organosilicon quaternary ammonium salt suitably comprises about 2 to 60% by weight of the composition and the ion-exchange resin about 40 to 98% by weight of the composition. In a preferred form of the invention, the organosilicon compound constitutes about 20 to 40% by weight of the composition. Such compositions exhibit broad spectrum anti-bacteria activity including gram-negative activity, and are active algicidally in preventing the growth of algae in the water. The ion-exchange resin preferably is either a weak or strong cationic macroreticular ion-exchange resin. Methods of making such compositions also are described herein.

Abstract: The ion exchange resin beads have functional groups of formula I wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, m, r and q have the meanings stated in claim 1 and which have a matrix of a cross-linked polymer wherein the level of cross-linkages is decreased in the shell area is compared to the core area.These ion exchange resin beads are prepared by reacting resin beads which have primary or secondary amino groups and the mentioned matrix of a cross-linked polymer with a1) a hypophosphite salt in the presence of an acid, or a2) a hypophosphorous acid and b) formaldehyde or a formaldehyde releasing compound.

Abstract: Finely dispersed metal-carrying compound whose metal has 50 .ANG. or less in size, which is useful as, for instance, catalysts and electrically conducting agents, is prepared by heating ion-exchange resin on which metal ion such as Pt ion is adsorbed, at 300.degree.-1500.degree. C. under an inert gas atmosphere, and, if desired, reducing.

Abstract: The invention concerns preparation of porous copolymer beads by a seeded polymerization process employing gel copolymer seed particles. The process comprises initially providing a plurality of gel-type copolymer seed particles prepared by polymerization of at least one first monovinylidene monomer and a first cross-linking monomer. A second monomer mixture comprising at least one second monovinylidene monomer, a second cross-linking monomer, and a phase-separating diluent is thereafter imbibed by the seed particles and polymerized therein. The process is characterized by selecting the first monovinylidene monomers such that the phase-separating diluent and second monovinylidene monomers are capable of being imbibed by the seed particles in an amount sufficient to form a porous copolymer. The porous copolymer beads produced have stable polymeric structures and good physical properties that render them useful in preparing ion-exchange resins and polymeric adsorbents.

Abstract: A low electrical resistance bipolar membrane formed by the conjoining of treated anion and cation exchange membranes is disclosed. The treatment comprises contacting the membranes with an aqueous solution of at least one cation prior to conjoining and contacting at least one face of the membranes with an aqueous alkaline solution.A process for the preparation of acid and alkali using these bipolar membranes is also disclosed.

Abstract: Highly crosslinked styrenic copolymers are treated to enhance their surface area by reacting residual vinyl groups in the copolymers in the presence of water or other non-swelling liquid and a Lewis-acid catalyst at elevated temperature

Abstract: For the preparation of hydrophilic polymer resins with functional groups on ligands, one reacts a resin which consists of units of formula I, in which R.sub.1 is hydrogen or an aliphatic residue, with a ligand in the presence of a coupling agent. The reaction is conducted in the presence of a competitive agent which is capable of reacting with the coupling agent at approximately the same rate as the amido group, to achieve a statistical limitation of the reaction of the coupling agent with the polymer. The competitive agent must not react with the resin.The resin is used for the recovery of metal ions from effluents or natural or industrial residual waters.

Abstract: A process for selectively removing anions from an aqueous solution involves contacting the solution for an effective period of time with a specialized polymer in a porous format. The polymer has ligand sites capable of forming coordination or complexation bonds with multi-valent metal cations which serve to activate the polymer with respect to chemical interaction with anions. The polymer, saturated with the multivalent metal cations, contains between 2% and 20% of metal cation based upon the dry weight of the polymer.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel ion-exchange and chelate-exchange resins having improved exchange kinetics for separating chemical species from liquids. The resins are prepared from copolymer beads consisting of a monovinyl aromatic monomer and a cross-linking monomer. The copolymer beads are functionalized such that weak-base exchange moieties are substituted at haloalkylated sites which are most accessible to diffusion into the beads, while hydrophilic, strong-base exchange moieties are substituted at haloalkylated sites which are least accessible to diffusion. The resins have improved exchange kinetics due to shortened diffusion path lengths for the chemical species being separated and improved diffusion into the resin beads due to the hydrophilic, strong-base exchange moieties.

Abstract: An anion exchanger consisting essentially of an aromatic polysulfone block copolymer of the formula: ##STR1## wherein Ar is ##STR2## or ##STR3## X is --SO.sub.2 --, ##STR4## --S-- or --O--, Y is --SO.sub.2 --, --S-- or --O--, Z is a single bond, --O--, --S--, --SO.sub.2 --, ##STR5## each of R.sub.1 to R.sub.9 which may be the same or different is a hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, each of a to d is an integer of from 0 to 4, e is an integer of from 0 to 3, (f+g) is from 0 to 7, (h+i) is from 0 to 5, each of R.sub.10 and R.sub.11 is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and each of m and n is an integer of from 2 to 200, provided m/n=100/1-1/10, and having anion exchange groups introduced to the aromatic rings of the copolymer.

Abstract: The invention relates to an environment-friendly process for the preparation of weakly acid cation exchange resins by hydrolysis of crosslinked acrylonitrile bead polymers with an alkaline hydrolizing agent at elevated temperature, according to which the bead polymer and alkaline hydrolizing agent are brought together at elevated temperature only.

Abstract: An open celled sponge product for ion absorption is provided comprised of regenerated cellulose wall material and insolubilized polyethyleneimime (PEI) derived from the interaction of PEI with a polyfunctional carboxylic acid. The insolubilized PEI is further caused to contain ionized tertiary amino nitrogen groups which increase the selective absorption capacity of the product for certain anions.

Abstract: A porous product for the removal of selected ions from water is made from an open-cell sponge of regenerated cellulose having uniformly distributed therein a high loading of insolubilized PEI. The insolubilized PEI does not significantly reduce the porosity of the sponge. The product has a pH in the range of 5.0 to 9.5, which thwarts microbial degradation of the moist product during storage in sealed containers.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel ion-exchange and chelate-exchange resins having improved exchange kinetics for separating chemical species from liquids. The resins are prepared from copolymer beads consisting of a monovinyl aromatic monomer and a cross-linking monomer. The copolymer beads are functionalized such that weak-base exchange moieties are substituted at haloalkylated sites which are most accessible to diffusion into the beads, while hydrophilic, strong-base exchange moieties are substituted at haloalkylated sites which are least accessible to diffusion. The resins have improved exchange kinetics due to shortened diffusion path lengths for the chemical species being separated and improved diffusion into the resin beads due to the hydrophilic, strong-base exchange moieties.

Abstract: Ion exchange membranes of the all-aliphatic structural variety, are made from plastisol films of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and its copolymers coupled through the nitrogen atom with an aliphatic vinyl monomer containing a tertiary nitrogen atom or a polymer or copolymer of such a monomer such membrane subsequently, quaternized with an alkyl halide.

Abstract: A cation exchanger of polysulfone polymer consisting essentially of a sulfonated product of a polysulfone polymer having at least one chloromethyl (--CH.sub.2 Cl) or mercapto (--SH) group per molecule, or a cured product thereof, and having an ion exchange capacity of from 0.5 to 3.5 meq/g dry resin.

Abstract: This invention provides a new ion exchange resin which is characterized by having carbodithioate functionality (e.i. P--CS.sub.2.sup.- M.sup.+ where P--represents the resin bead and where M is selected from Na, K and Li).The present ion exchange resin may be prepared from a suitable non-functionalized resin bead by subjecting it to bromination, lithiation and treatment with carbon disulfide. Alternatively, a styrene-divinylbenzene resin which contains from 10 to 50 weight % DVB may be functionalized by lithiation and treatment with CS.sub.2.The carbodithioate functionalized resin of this invention is resistant to hydrolysis and is effective for the removal of Group VIII precious metals (e.g. rhodium) from chemical process streams.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel ion-exchange and chelate-exchange resins having improved exchange kinetics for separating chemical species from liquids. The resins are prepared from copolymer beads consisting of a monovinyl aromatic monomer and a cross-linking monomer. The copolymer beads are functionalized such that weak-base exchange moieties are substituted at haloalkylated sites which are most accessible to diffusion into the beads, while hydrophilic, strong-base exchange moieties are substituted at haloalkylated sites which are least accessible to diffusion. The resins have improved exchange kinetics due to shortened diffusion path lengths for the chemical species being separated and improved diffusion into the resin beads due to the hydrophilic, strong-base exchange moieties.

Abstract: Aminomethylphosphonic chelating resins are prepared by amination, hydrolysis and methylphosphonation of haloalkylated polymer beads. The amination of the haloalkylated polymer beads is carried out with hexamethylenetetramine. The produced haloaminated beads are hydrolysed and methylphosphonated in one single step without addition of a substantial amount of formaldehyde or a formaldehyde releasing compound.

Abstract: The present invention provides cation exchange fibers having a high capacity of ion exchange and a high utilization rate of ion exchange radicals. The fibers are produced so as to have 3 m eq/g or more of carboxyl groups introduced by simultaneous crosslinking and hydrolyzing treatments of acrylic fibers, and to have tensile strength 1 g/d or more and a degree of water-swellability less than 100%, while maintaining fiber properties without problems in practical use.

Abstract: A water-swellable polymer product which may be physically bound to an open celled cellulosic sponge is produced by thermally induced amide-forming insolubilization of polyethyleneimine (PEI). The polymer product has high affinity for the absorption of transition metal ions. A cellulosic sponge containing a high add-on of the polymer product is permeable to water and substantially unaffected by water-borne suspended matter.

Abstract: A process is provided for preparing ion-exchange resin particles of relatively uniform size by partial functionalization of non-uniform copolymer beads with ion-exchange groups. The non-uniform copolymer beads are preferably functionalized in a manner such that the ion-exchange groups are substituted at available sites which are most accessible to diffusion by functionalizing agents. Due to the size difference between individual copolymer particles, a greater proportion of available sites is functionalized in a small particle when compared to that of a large particle. Due to the greater proportion of ion-exchange groups present in a small particle, the small particle swells relatively more than a larger particle. The result is effectively a narrowing of the size distribution for the partially functionalized resin particles.

Abstract: A separator membrane for use in secondary alkali batteries having a non-ion selective hydrophilic group and ion exchange group said membrane having an electrical resistance which, when said membrane is heated in 12NaOH for 30 minutes at a temperature between about 20.degree. and 100.degree. C., varies from the initial value for 20.degree. C. by an amount between 10% and about 24% and the process thereof are herein disclosed.

Abstract: A novel process is disclosed in which a membrane of a fluorinated resin containing a pendant precursor ion exchange group represented by the formula:--SO.sub.2 Xwherein X rerpesents a halogen atom, is contacted with a aqueous solution containing specific amounts of at least one alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxide and at least one specific water soluble organic compound to thereby hydrolyze the precursor group while causing a specific membrane volume increase. In the process of the present invention , since the ion exchange membrane is swelled, while being hydrolyzed, to a desired degree, the rate of hydrolysis of precursor ion exchange groups is high, so that a final ion exchange membrane is free of wrinkles formed during the hydrolysis step of a conventional process and during the electrolytic operation, thereby enabling the final membrane to ensure advantageously low cell voltage and stable, prolonged electrolytic operation.

Abstract: A selectively ion-adsorptive, porous membrane comprising a membranous, porous resin matrix of a hydrophobic polyolefin or a hydrophobic copolymer of an olefin and a halogenated olefin and a plurality of side chains chemically bonded to both surfaces, which in turn are inclusive of pore wall surfaces, of the membranous porous resin matrix is disclosed. The side chains collectively contain both neutral hydroxyl groups and ion exchange groups. The selectively ion-adsorptive, porous membrane is suitable for use in selective purification or selective removal of desired ionic substances including not only ionic inorganic substances but also an ionic organic substances, such as a protein and an amino acid, on a commercial scale. Further, the selectively ion-adsorptive, porous membrane has not only excellent heat resistance, but also excellent mechanical strength.