Abstract: A method of forming polymer beads comprising forming an aqueous solution comprising a cross-linkable water soluble polymer and a water-soluble crosslinking agent, adding said solution with mixing to a thixotropic oil gel comprising an oil in which said polymer is insoluble and a silica or silicate, continuing said mixing for a time sufficient and under conditions sufficient to form a water-in-oil dispersion having individual water/polymer droplets dispersed in said thixotropic oil gel, stopping mixing, and when the droplets are in the form of solid beads recovering the beads from the thixotropic oil gel.

Abstract: A method for altering a macroporous cross-linked hydrophobic copolymeric lattice produced by precipitation polymerization in a solvent of at least one monounsaturated ester monomer and at least one polyunsaturated ester monomer soluble therein, in order to render the hydrophobic copolymeric lattice hydrophilic. The method involves saponifying the hydrophobic copolymeric lattice by reacting the surface of the hydrophobic copolymeric lattice with an aqueous alkali. The surface can also be rendered hydrophilic by polymerizing an acrylate monomer onto the lattice in order to form a surface containing carboxylic acid sites. The carboxylic acid sites formed on the surface of the lattice are converted to carboxylate anions.

Abstract: Monodisperse crosslinked polymers prepared by seed/feed polymerization have less tendency to tack when a microencapsulated monodisperse crosslinked polymer has been used as seed. Compared with the seed used, the seed/feed polymer obtained exhibits substantially less broadening of the particle size distribution when microencapsulated seed has been used.

Abstract: The present invention provides an ion selective resin templated for Pb(II) ion, said resin synthesized by the steps of: copolymerizing styrene monomers with lead vinylbenzoate complexes; cross-linking said complexes with divinylbenzene; removing said Pb(II) ion by acid washing thereby creating cavities templated for Pb(II) ion. Also provided is an ion selective electrode which utilizes a Pb(II) ion templated ion exchange resin.

Abstract: Novel organic ion-exchange polymers and membranes formed from these polymers provide improved performance in electrolytic cells. The membranes exhibit an expanded micro-structure as the result of the removal of organic groups previously reacted with the ion-exchange groups of the polymer. The polymers are also useful in finely divided form as catalysts or deposited on a catalyst support. When formed into sheets, the polymers are useful as membranes in the separation of miscible liquids and in the separation of gases.

Abstract: A new cation exchange resin is formed by mixing phytic acid with a material selected from the group consisting of polyhydroxy polymer, .beta.-cyclodextrin and gluconic acid, and heating the mixture for about 130.degree.-180.degree. C. for about 15 minutes to 3 hours. A large number of different materials may be removed from solution by the resin including inorganic cations, organic pesticides and nitrogen bases.

Abstract: Cation exchange resins are prepared by sulfonating copolymer beads in the presence of a swelling solvent under pressure. Pressure sulfonation shortens cycle times and requires less energy while maintaining or improving product quality.

Abstract: Disclosed is a surface-modified polymeric adsorbent material comprising a porous post-crosslinked polymer as a substrate and at least one surface-modifying polymer. The porous post-crosslinked polymer comprises a polymer of at least one monoethylenically unsaturated monomer, wherein the polymer has been post-crosslinked in a swollen state in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst. A process for preparing the surface-modified polymeric adsorbent materials, and the use of these materials in the separation of organic compounds, enantioselective synthesis and resolution of racemic mixtures are also disclosed.

Abstract: Described are anion-exchange materials having extraordinarily high affinity for plutonium anions such as plutonium (IV), and technetium anions such as pertechnetate. Preferred inventive resins are highly divinylbenzene cross-linked polyvinylpyridine resins exhibiting a macroreticular bead form, which have been quaternized to contain a substantial amount of 1-alkyl-pyridinium groups wherein the alkyl group has 4 to 8 carbon atoms. The inventive resins can be used in preferred processes for recovering plutonium and/or technetium anions from aqueous mediums, for example nuclear waste streams or groundwater related to civilian or defense-related nuclear operations.

Abstract: Abstract of the Disclosure: Insoluble, only slightly swellable polymers containing amino groups, which can be obtained from popcorn polymers containing units of the structure ##STR1## where R and R.sup.1 are H or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, by eliminating the group R--CO-- from at least 2% of the incorporated units of the structure I, with the formation of units of the structure II ##STR2## a process for the preparation of the amino-containing popcorn polymers by polymerizing N-vinylcarboxamides and, if desired, other monoethylenically unsaturated monomers copolymerizable therewith with from 0.

Abstract: An ion exchange resin for extracting metal ions from a liquid waste stream. An ion exchange resin is prepared by copolymerizing a vinylidene diphosphonic acid with styrene, acrylonitrile and divinylbenzene.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for improving the water-whitening resistance of a pressure sensitive adhesive containing an aqueous latex emulsion and water-soluble ions by removing the water-soluble ions and adjusting the pH of the pressure sensitive adhesive formulation to at least about 6.0. The preferred method of removing the water-soluble ions is to contact either the aqueous latex emulsion, the formulated pressure sensitive adhesive containing the aqueous latex emulsion, or both with ion exchange resin. The product produced by the process is also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are partially fluorinated (co)polymers containing sulfonic acid or sulfonate salt groups, processes for making those polymers, and intermediates for those (co)polymers. The (co)polymers are useful as ion-exchange resins and (in the sulfonic acid form) acid catalysts.

Abstract: Novel porous copolymers are disclosed which can be used to prepare ion-exchange resins and polymeric adsorbents. The copolymers comprise a copolymer of at least one monovinylidene monomer and a crosslinking monomer and have a unique cellular pore structure. The cellular structure comprises a macroporous void phase which is dispersed within a continuous copolymer phase. The porous void phase comprises a plurality of cellular void spaces which are at least partially enclosed by walls of the continuous copolymer phase. Also disclosed are processes which can be used to prepare the porous copolymers, as well as ion-exchange resins and polymeric adsorbents using the porous copolymers.

Abstract: It has been discovered (Examples 4, 11 and 17) that certain desirable films will not absorb a sufficient amount of certain desirable, polymerizable monomers as to result in interpolymer membranes having desirable ion exchange properties after polymerization of any absorbed such monomers and after any subsequent conversion of such absorbed and polymerized monomers into ionizable moieties. It has also been discovered that if a predetermined amount of plasticizer, extractable by such monomers, is incorporated into such films, then the latter will absorb a sufficient amount of such monomers as to result (after polymerization of such monomers) in interpolymer membranes having desirable ion exchange properties.

Abstract: Polymeric adsorbent resins having both the high capacity associated with microporosity and the favorable kinetics associated with mesoporosity and macroporosity are useful for the chromatographic separation of organic compounds. These resins are prepared by alkylene bridging haloalkylated, porogen modified, cross-linked copolymers.

Abstract: An ion exchange resin for extracting metal ions from a liquid waste stream. An ion exchange resin is prepared by copolymerizing a vinylidene diphosphonic acid with styrene, acrylonitrile and divinylbenzene.

Abstract: Novel ingestible polymeric phosphonium salts have the formula: ##STR1## wherein P' represents a cross-linked and non-digestible polymer backbone; R is a lower alkyl radical; X.sup.- is a pharmaceutically acceptable anion; n, n.sub.1 and n.sub.2 are, independently, integers varying from 0 to 6 inclusive, with the proviso that when m.sub.1 .gtoreq.1, n.sub.2 .gtoreq.1; and o.sub.1, o.sub.2, p.sub.1 p.sub.2, q.sub.1 and q.sub.2 are, independently, integers varying from 1 to 6 inclusive. The polymeric phosphonium salts of the invention are highly efficient sorbents for bile acids and salts and can thus be used for reducing hypercholesterolemia in affected humans.

Abstract: Polymeric adsorbent resins having both the high capacity associated with microporosity and the favorable kinetics associated with mesoporosity and macroporosity are useful for the chromatographic separation of organic compounds. These resins are prepared by alkylene bridging haloalkylated, porogen modified, crosslinked copolymers.

Abstract: This invention is directed to producing highly concentrated solutions of methylenebisacrylamide and thereafter blending with ionogenous acrylic monomers to produce low porosity, highly crosslinked, water insoluble polymers.

Abstract: An anion exchange method conducted at a high temperature, which comprises using a crosslinked anion exchanger which comprises structural units having a quaternary ammonium group of the following formula (a) and structural units derived from an unsaturated hydrocarbon group-containing crosslinkable monomer, and of which at least 90% of anion exchange groups are present in the form of a group represented by ##STR1## as defined in the following formula (a): ##STR2## wherein R is a --(CH.sub.2).sub.n --group (n=an integer of from 3 to 18) which may include a cyclic hydrocarbon, each of R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 which are independent from one another, is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 hydrocarbon group or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkanol group, the benzene ring of the formula (a) may be substituted by an alkyl group or a halogen atom, or may be condensed with other aromatic ring, and X is an anion.

Abstract: Azlactone-functional polymer supports are useful reactive supports for the attachment of functional materials to provide novel adduct beads. The adduct beads are useful as complexing agents, catalysts, polymeric reagents, chromatographic supports, and as enzyme- or other biologically active supports. Novel carboxylate-functional polymer beads, are intermediates in the preparation of the azlactone-functional beads.Azlactone-functional supports have units of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is H or CH.sub.3,R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 independently can be an alkyl group having 1 to 14 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 14 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 5 to 12 ring atoms, an arenyl group having 6 to 26 carbon and 0 to 3 S, N, and nonperoxidic O heteroatoms, or R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 taken together with the carbon to which they are joined can form a carbocyclic ring containing 4 to 12 ring atoms, andn is an integer 0 or 1,the azlactone functional supports having 0.

Abstract: A process for making porous polymeric particles having high surface area includes suspending a discontinuous organic phase in an continuous aqueous phase, wherein the organic phase includes an ethylenically unsaturated monomer, a water soluble phase extender and a surfactant in an amount effective to solubilize the water soluble phase extender in the monomer and wherein the aqueous phase includes a diffusion barrier agent for limiting mass transfer of the phase extender from the organic phase to the aqueous phase, and then polymerizing the ethylenically unsaturated monomer to form the porous polymeric particles.

Abstract: The improved organic polymeric adsorbent is used to adsorb and remove suspended impurities present in trace amounts in the water being treated in an apparatus for producing ultrapure water for use in the semiconductor industry or in a condensate purifier in steam power generating facilities and it is composed of a particulate or powdered cation exchange resin and/or anion exchange resin. The improvement is that this adsorbent has such a surface layer structure and morphology that granules are seen to bind with one another when examined under a scanning electron microscope in a field of view ranging from a magnification of 50 to 200,000. The adsorbent may be used as the constituent of a packing layer and/or a filter layer to make a material for removing suspended impurities.

Abstract: Cation-exchange resins are provided which have improved resistance to copolymer degradation caused by oxidizing agents like molecular oxygen. The resins are prepared by incorporating a para-substituted styrenic monomer having an oxidation-stabilizing moiety in a position para to a polymerizable vinyl moiety. These cation-exchange resins can be used in separation processes for longer periods of time without detrimental increases in bed pressure drops, loss of operating capacity, or leaching of organic contaminants.

Abstract: A water or alcohol-water soluble divinyl monomer having anion exchange group(s) and a free exchangable anion is disclosed. These bifunctional divinyl monomers are capable of forming ion exchange materials (membranes and ion exchange resin beads) upon polymerization with added vinyl catalysts which convert them into insoluble and infusible polymers. They are also capable of being co-polymerized with other ion exchange (ion containing) monomers to give unique anion exchange resins or membranes.

Abstract: An ion exchange resin for extracting metal ions from a liquid waste stream. An ion exchange resin is prepared by copolymerizing a vinylidene disphosphonic acid with styrene, acrylonitrile and divinylbenzene.

Abstract: A process for preparing crosslinked copolymer beads suitable for making polymeric adsorbents and ion-exchange resins comprising the substantially adiabatic suspension copolymerization of at least one monoethylenically unsaturated monomer with at least one polyethylenically unsaturated monomer in the presence of an effective amount of free-radical polymerization initiators.

Abstract: Molded bodies in the form of packing bodies comprising a macroporous strongly acid or basic ion exchange resin having a voids fraction of 5-95 vol % of the macro shape without pores, a BET surface area of 0.1-1,000 sq m/g, and an ion exchange capacity of 0.05-10 meq/g.

Abstract: The invention relates to an environment-friendly process for the preparation of weakly acid cation exchange resins by hydrolysis of crosslinked acrylonitrile bead polymers with an alkaline hydrolizing agent at elevated temperature, according to which the bead polymer and alkaline hydrolizing agent are brought together at elevated temperature only.

Abstract: A method for altering a macroporous cross-linked hydrophobic copolymeric lattice produced by precipitation polymerization in a solvent of at least one monounsaturated ester monomer and at least one polyunsaturated ester monomer soluble therein, in order to render the hydrophobic copolymeric lattice hydrophilic. The method involves saponifying the hydrophobic copolymeric lattice by reacting the surface of the hydrophobic copolymeric lattice with an aqueous alkali. The surface can also be rendered hydrophilic by polymerizing an acrylate monomer onto the lattice in order to form a surface containing carboxylic acid sites. The carboxylic acid sites formed on the surface of the lattice are converted to carboxylate anions.

Abstract: A gold selective ion exchange resin and process for the recovery of gold from solutions thereof is described. The resin has a macroporous structure and functional groups selected from alkylamine groups wherein the alkyl chain has between 3 and 6 carbon atoms, preferably tributylamine groups. The functional group content of the resin is from 0,4 mmol/g to 1,8 mmol/g and the water retention capacity is at least 30%. The process for recovering gold involves adsorption thereof onto such resin, optionally directly from a slurry, and elution preferably using a thiourea solution.

Abstract: A water or alcohol-water soluble divinyl monomer having anion exchange group(s) and a free exchangeable anion is disclosed. These bifunctional divinyl monomers are capable of forming ion exchange materials (membranes and ion exchange resin beads) upon polymerization with added vinyl catalysts which convert them into insoluble and infusible polymers. They are also capable of being co-polymerized with other ion exchange (ion containing) monomers to give unique anion exchange resins or membranes.

Abstract: A process for producing a filter membrane capable of simultaneous removal of metallic ions and nonionic materials from process water used in electronics industry, medical field, pharmaceutical industry and nuclear power generation.The membrane is produced by introducing iminodiacetic acid groups to a porous membrane made from polyolefin or a copolymer of an olefin and a halogenated olefin by uv or ionizing radiation initiated graft polymerization.

Abstract: A metallic ion sorber capable of absoring ions of a metal excluding iron and cobalt and a method of sorbing ions of a metal excluding iron and cobalt are disclosed. The sorber comprises an ethylene copolymer containing from 40 to 95% by weight of ethylene and from 5 to 60% by weight of at least one of aminoalkyl acrylate compounds represented by formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group;R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 each represents an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; andn represents an integer of from 1 to 4,and having a number average molecular weight of from 5,000 to 50,000.

Abstract: This invention is directed to producing highly concentrated solutions of methylenebisacrylamide and thereafter blending with ionogeneous acrylic monomers to produce low porosity, highly crosslinked, water insoluble polymers for use as anion selective resins and membranes.

Abstract: An organic polymeric material, which is preferably perfluorinated and which comprises a polymeric chain and at least one group pendant from the chain, in which the group pendant from the chain comprises a saturated cyclic group and at least one ion-exchange group or group convertible thereto, and in which the ion-exchange group or group convertible thereto is linked to the polymeric chain through the cyclic group. Also an ion-exchange membrane produced from the polymeric material, an electrolytic cell containing the membrane, vinyl monomers from which the organic polymeric material may be produced and intermediates useful in production of the monomers.

Abstract: A coated cation exchanged fabric having as its base a fluorinated cation exchange resin, oriented at least 1x, in alkali metal salt form and as its coating an unoriented or oriented melt-fabricable precursor of the same salt-form fluorinated cation exchange resin. The invention also includes various processes for making the coated fabric.

Abstract: A fluorinated cation exchange membrane made using reinforcement of oriented, hydrolyzed fabric of a cation exchange copolymer, the fabric having a coating of a melt-processible precursor or derivative of a fluorinated cation exchange resin on at least one surface or throughout.

Abstract: A sheath/core yarn having as its core a fluorinated cation exchange resin, oriented at least 1x, in alkali metal salt form and as its sheath an unoriented or oriented melt-fabricable precursor or derivative of the same salt-form fluorinated cation exchange resin. The invention also includes various processes for making the sheath/core yarn.

Abstract: A hair cosmetic composition comprising fine particles of a crosslinked polymer, which are insoluble in water and ethanol and do not form a film at normal temperature, is disclosed. A conventionally known film-forming polymer may also be formulated optionally. The hair cosmetic is free from stiffness, stickiness, or excessive gloss imparted to the hair which are the defects of conventional hair cosmetics using only conventional film-forming polymers, and provides excellent hair conditioning and hair-resetting effects.

Abstract: A process for producing monodispersed fine particles of a vinyl polymer is disclosed, which comprises polymerizing monomers containing at least one vinyl monomer selected from the group consisting of aromatic vinyl compounds, acrylic esters, and a methacrylic ester in the presence of (1) a surface active agent represented by formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, which may be the same or different, each represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having from 4 to 8 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted cyclohexyl group and M represents an alkali metal, (2) from 10.sup.-3 to 10.sup.-1 mol/l of a persulfate as a polymerization initiator, and (3) from 10.sup.-4 to 10.sup.-2 mol/l of a divalent metal sulfate as an electrolyte. Monodispersed vinyl polymer fine particles having a particle size of 1 .mu.m or greater with a very narrow size distribution are obtained.

Abstract: A porous separator, to be used in electrolyzers for producing hydrogen and oxygen by water electrolysis, consists of a fabric or felt entirely made of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS). In order to reduce the voltage drop caused by the separator, the PPS polymeric chain can be made ionically active by the presence thereon of polar groups, such as sulfonic, carboxylic or phosphonic groups.The method for producing the separator comprises the preparation, according to conventional weaving or felt manufacturing techniques, of a fabric or felt entirely made of PPS and the subsequent functionalization for introducing polar groups in the polymeric chain. The functionalization can be carried out either on the starting material, such as PPS polymer powder or flakes, or in any other step of the production of fabric or felt.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus for cleaning nuclear reactor cooling water with cation exchange resin whose ion-exchanging groups have a bonding energy of not more than 300 KJ/mole are disclosed, whereby the radiation exposure of operators in an atomic power plant can be considerably reduced, and the waste ion exchange resin can be readily disposed.

Abstract: Azlactone-functional polymer beads are useful reactive supports for the attachment of functional materials to provide novel adduct beads. The adduct beads are useful as complexing agents, catalysts, polymeric reagents, chromatographic supports, and as enzyme- or other biomacromolecule-bearing supports. Novel carboxylate-functional polymer beads, are intermediates in the preparation of the azlactone-functional beads.Azlactone-functional beads have units of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is H or CH.sub.3,R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 independently can be an alkyl group having 1 to 14 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 14 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 5 to 12 ring atoms, an arenyl group having 6 to 26 carbon and 0 to 3 S, N, and nonperoxidic O heteroatoms, or R.sup.2 and R.sup.

Abstract: This invention is directed to the process and apparatus for making a polymeric membrane containing non-quaternized amine groups, with the polymer having substantially zero amounts of non-polymerized solvents. The resulting membrane is a more efficient anion membrane for recovering acid from acidic solutions by electrodialysis than the corresponding membranes containing quaternized amine groups. The membrane is made by polymerizing a monomeric mixture on a reinforcing cloth structure, which monomeric mixture is void of non-polymerizing solvents.

Abstract: A water insoluble ion exchange resin having a crosslinked, three dimensional resin skeleton and an active group of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and an alkyl radical having 1-15 carbon atoms and having at most two branchings in the alkyl group, and A is a mono-, di-, or tri-substituted ethylene radical or mono- or di-substituted methylene radical, wherein the substituents are selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group having at most two branchings, hydroxy, an amino group and hydrogen and wherein A provides a link binding the active group to the resin skeleton.

Abstract: The invention is a process for making a high surface area, self-supporting catalyst suitable for use as an acid catalyst comprising:(a) at least partially polymerizing a perfluorinated monomer containing ion exchange groups convertible to an acid or salt form in a medium containing a gas-forming ingredient(s) which is present during polymerization and serves a polymerization enhancement purpose during polymerization; wherein the said gas-forming ingredient(s) is a material that will convert into a gaseous state and expand when heated; and(b) heating the polymer to a temperature sufficient to soften the polymer and sufficient to convert at least a portion of the gas-forming ingredient(s) into a gaseous state while the polymer is still in contact with at least a portion of the gas-forming ingredient(s), thereby converting the gas-forming ingredient(s) into a gas which expands the polymer and causes the formation of open and closed pores within the polymer.

Abstract: Azlactone-functional polymer beads are useful reactive supports for the attachment of functional materials to provide novel adduct beads. The adduct beads are useful as complexing agents, catalysts, reagents, and as enzyme or other protein-bearing supports. Novel carboxylate-functional polymer beads, are intermediates in the preparation of the azlactone-functional beads.Azlactone-functional beads have units of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is H or CH.sub.3,R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 independently can be an alkyl group having 1 to 14 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 14 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 5 to 12 ring atoms, an arenyl group having 6 to 26 carbon and 0 to 3 S, N, and nonperoxidic O heteroatoms, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 taken together with the carbon to which they are joined can form a carbocyclic ring containing 4 to 12 ring atoms,andn is an integer 0 or 1.

Abstract: A packing material for liquid chromatography comprising monovinyl aromatic monomer and divinyl or polyvinyl aromatic monomer is disclosed, wherein, in gel permeation chromatography, exclusion limit molecular weight is not less than 1.times.10.sup.3 in terms of standard polystyrene, average particle diameter lies within a rage of 0.5 to 50 .mu.m and the constitution rate of divinyl or polyvinyl aromatic monomer in copolymer particles is not less than 60% by weight, and a method for the preparation thereof is claimed, wherein suspension polymerization is carried out in a mixed aqueous solution containing organic colvent which dissolves whole monomer containing not less than 60% by weight of divinyl or polyvinyl aromatic monomer in whole monomer by amounts of 50 to 300% by weight of the solvent to both monomers and does not dissolve the copolymer of these monomers and radical polymerization initiator.