Abstract: Molding composition based on fluoropolymers and process for producing foam material therefromThe invention relates to a molding composition based on fluoropolymers which additionally contain from 1 to 50% by weight of at least one polymer containing sulfoxide groups. The polymer containing sulfoxide groups comprises, in particular, polyarylene sulfoxide units of the formula:--(--C.sub.6 H.sub.4 --SO--)--.

Abstract: A foam cell nucleating agent that is a combination of sulfonic or phosphonic acid or salt thereof and inorganic salt containing a polyatomic anion yields improved foaming of thermoplastic resins such as polyolefins and melt-fabricable fluoropolymers.

Abstract: The density of rigid foamed articles made by the thermal decomposition of a blowing agent in a vinyl chloride polymer is reduced by the use of an organotin halide in combination with a mercaptocarboxylic acid ester or a sulfide of such ester or a mixture of the ester and the sulfide to activate the blowing agent.

Abstract: The present invention describes a method for preparing an asymmetric porous membrane by a dry-wet phase inversion method, which comprises contacting a cast or spun polymer solution with water or organic vapor prior to immersing into the non-solvent precipitation medium, whereby said water or organic vapor is adsorbed onto the cast or spun polymer solution. Higher permeability and excellent rejection ability can be obtained, due to the high porosity and uniform pore size of said membranes according to the present invention.

Abstract: A foamed polyvinylchloride (PVC) material is produced by mixing of 100 mass parts of PVC with 0.5-5 mass parts of sodium alkyl sulfonate, molding of the obtained composition and followed by heating for foaming at 190.degree.-300.degree. C. for 3-20 mins. Molding is performed either under 0.5-400 MPa and 20.degree.-170.degree. C., followed by heating to 140.degree.-150.degree. C. in the closed space, or in a free state in the form of 2-16 mm thickness layer. In the latter case the layer before foaming can be subjected to packing.

Abstract: A method improves the adhesion of polyurethane foam to polycarbonate by providing reactive groups on the polycarbonate surface. The adhesion is further improved by utilizing a polyurethane mix with an isocyanate index greater than 82. Articles comprising polycarbonate and polyurethane foam adhered to the polycarbonate by the method of the instant invention, such as automobile dashboards, are also provided.

Abstract: Improved activation of the blowing agent used to form blown PVC products, as well as thermal stabilization, are provided by a combination of an ester of the formula(R.sup.1).sub.1-2 Sn(--S--R.sup.a --OC(.dbd.O)R.sup.2).sub.2-3wherein R.sup.1 is C.sub.1-4 alkyl, R.sup.a is alkyl, and R.sup.2 is C.sub.6-24 alkyl or alkenyl; one or both of mono (C.sub.1-4 alkyl) and di(C.sub.1-4 alkyl) tin sulfides; a complex of diorganotin oxide with an oxygen-containing acid; and optionally an ester HS--R.sup.c --OC(.dbd.O)R.sup.3 wherein R.sup.c is alkyl and R.sup.3 is C.sub.6-24 alkyl or alkenyl.

Abstract: Novel aerated fibrous slurry comprising fibrous material, foaming agent, stabilizer, water and gas, which when dried to a water content of not more than 10% by weight, forms a dry, resilient fibrous foam composition. The dry, resilient fibrous foam composition is useful as an inexpensive cushioning filler, as a heat insulating material and as an absorbent of liquids.

Abstract: An improved foam nucleation system based on selected boron nitride provides smaller foam cell size for melt-fabricable fluoropolymers.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an underlayment composition for an artificial playing surface comprised of a butadiene rubber, such as polybutadiene or styrene-butadiene that is commercially available as recycled polycord tires that have been granulized. An inorganic-base moisture-retaining agent such as vermiculite or perlite is also included in the composition in addition to a binder comprised of a mixture of isocyanate polyurethane and an inorganic acid. The present invention also provides a method of making the present composition. The method comprises the steps of mixing thoroughly granulized particles of butadiene rubber in a mixing container, mixing an inorganic-based moisture-retaining component with the butadiene rubber, mixing an acid having a pH .ltoreq.3 with the butadiene rubber and the inorganic-based moisture-retaining component, and mixing an isocyanate polyurethane with the butadiene rubber, the inorganic-based moisture-retaining component and the acid.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for producing a microcellular foam of a curable material by replicating a dissolvable particle preform and leaching away the dissolvable particle preform to yield the microcellular foam. The foam can be a preceramic polymer microcellular foam which can be pyrolyzed to form a ceramic microcellular foam. A method for making a composite including steps of producing a ceramic microcellular foam which is subsequently infiltrated to form the composite is also provided as are microcellular foams, ceramic microcellular foams and composites prepared according to the method of the invention.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of expandable thermoplastic polymers by post-impregnation with a blowing agent in aqueous suspension in the presence of a mixture of magnesium pyrophosphate and a sulfonate group-containing extender as suspension stabilizer, in a reactor comprisesa) preparing the magnesium pyrophosphate in the same reactor at below 50.degree. C. by adding a solid magnesium salt in an amount corresponding to an at least 3% stoichiometric excess, based on pyrophosphate, to an aqueous solution of the pyrophosphate,b) heating the suspension medium to from 70.degree. to 140.degree. C. andc) adding the blowing agent in this temperature range.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an underlayment composition for an artificial playing surface comprised of a butadiene rubber, such as polybutadiene or styrene-butadiene that is commercially available as recycled polycord tires that have been granulized. An inorganic-base moisture-retaining agent such as vermiculite or perlite is also included in the composition in addition to a binder comprised of a mixture of isocyanate polyurethane and an inorganic acid. The present invention also provides a method of making the present composition. The method comprises the steps of mixing thoroughly granulized particles of butadiene rubber in a mixing container, mixing an inorganic-based moisture-retaining component with the butadiene rubber, mixing an acid having a pH.ltoreq.3 with the butadiene rubber and the inorganic-based moisture-retaining component, and mixing an isocyanate polyurethane with the butadiene rubber, the inorganic-based moisture-retaining component and the acid.

Abstract: A lightweight, electroconductive foam comprising an effective amount of a conductive ionic salt, a polymer capable of complexing said conductive ionic salt and an effective amount of particulate conductive material such as carbon black or metal is disclosed. Additionally, a method of preparing a lightweight electroconductive foam having a surface resistivity less than about 10.sup.10 ohms per square by an extrusion process is disclosed. Foams of the present invention exhibit relatively high conductivities yet require only relatively low amounts of particulate conductive material.

Abstract: An expandable polyolefin composition is disclosed for forming antistatic foam products. The composition includes a polyolefin resin; a hydrocarbyl sulphonate; and an ester of a long-chain fatty acid and polyhydric alcohol. Each of the sulphonate and the ester are present in the composition in an amount sufficient to form a polyolefin product having desirable antistatic properties. A process for extrusion foaming of the composition, and thus formed foam products, are also disclosed.

Abstract: Isotropic porous polymer beads having a high surface porosity and large pore diameters from about 0.002 to about 5 microns are produced from solutions of a polymer or a copolymer by a thermally-induced phase separation process. The use of mixed solvent-non-solvent combinations as solvents for the polymers, produces high pore content, substantially spherical beads having a morphology ideally suited to the chromatography of large molecules, such as proteins, and for enzyme-binding.

Abstract: A continuous process for the preparation of an isocyanate-terminated prepolymer having an NCO content in the range from 2 to 15% by weight, said process comprising the steps of:(A) continuously delivering to a reaction zone an organic polyisocyanate composition and an isocyanate reactive compound having an average molecular weight of at least 1000 the relative proportions of isocyanate composition and isocyanate reactive compound being appropriate for the formation of a prepolymer having an NCO content in the indicated range;(B) allowing the isocyanate composition and the isocyanate reactive compound to react in the reaction zone to form an isocyanate-terminated prepolymer, and(C) continuously removing the prepolymer from the reaction zone.

Abstract: Blowing agent compositions for use in the production of peroxide cross-linked polyethylene foams. The improved properties and a process for the production of such foams are described.

Abstract: A silicone rubber composition comprising an organopolysiloxane and a curing agent is improved by adding a foaming agent in an amount of 0.1 to 10 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the organopolysiloxane. The composition is heat curable into silicone rubber films or coatings which are substantially unfoamed and tack-free on a surface.

Abstract: A process for producing a foam comprising subjecting a foaming composition to foaming conditions, said foaming composition comprising (A) from 1 to 99% by weight, based on the total weight of (A) and (B), of a random copolymer comprising units derived from propylene, from 0.1 to 15 mol % of units derived from a non-conjugated diene represented by formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, and R.sup.5 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms; and n represents a number of from 2 to 10, and, if desired, up to 4 mol % of units derived from ethylene, said random copolymer having a degree of crystallinity of at least 20% as measured by X-ray diffractometry, a melt flow rate of from 0.01 to 200 g/10 min as measured according to ASTM D1238-1986, and an elastic modulus of from 1,000 to 15,000 kg/cm.sup.2 as measured according to JIS K-7203, and (B) from 99 to 1% by weight, based on the total weight of (A) and (B), of a homopolymer of an .

Abstract: A foamable composition for in situ expansion for example in a car pillar includes a base polymer derived of ethylene and an olefinically unsaturated acrylic ester with an M1 of from 0.1 to 6 and containing from 10 to 40% of ester derived units. The composition is foamed and cross-linked to adhere to the car pillar interior and provide closed cell foam acting as a moisture-sound barrier.

Abstract: Stable, emission-free, low-shrinkage, fireproof aminoplastic cellular foams are obtained by using an unsaturated, halogenated polyalcohol in the resin precondensate constituent and a dodecylbenzolsulphonic acid partially esterified preferably with a fatty alcohol and a long-chain polyhydric alcohol, preferably a polyethylene glycol, in the foaming agent hardener consituent. The foams are particularly suitable for building construction and for covering, as well as in the agricultural sector and or oil absorption. For certain of these applications, the resin pre-condensate constituent of the invention can be processed with a conventional foamer hardener constituent or the foamer hardener constituent of the invention can be processed with a conventional resin precondensate constituent.

Abstract: A flame retardant composition and process which is particularly useful for rebonded foam products. The composition of the present invention includes a solid component of magnesium sulfate, boric acid, decabromodiphenylethylene oxide (DECA) and antimony trioxide and a liquid component of halogenated phosphorous. The present invention is based upon the discovery of the synergism between boric acid and DECA. The process, according to the present invention, includes the steps of forming a dispersion of the solid portion of the flame retardant composition along with a small amount of water based adhesive to a mass of foam chips. The treated chips are then dried to permit handling and storage. The dried foam chips subsequently are mixed with a conventional urethane prepolymer binder and the liquid halogenated phosphorous flame retardant compound. After mixing the foam mass is transferred to molds and steamed to allow the binder to cure.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel, environmentally acceptable blowing agent and blowing agent blends and a process for producing thermalplastic, and particularly polyolefin foams using the environmentally acceptable blowing agent(s). The blowing agents of the present invention comprise difluoromethane and optionally a second blowing agent component which is nonflammable and possesses good blowing agent properties. Polyolefin foam is made by mixing a polyolefin resin and the blowing agent and introducing the resin/blowing agent mixture into a zone of lower pressure.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a hot melt sealant comprising a thermosetting styrene butadiene diblock copolymer and a styrene butadiene terpolymer. The composition is capable of flowing, expanding and curing at temperatures below 300.degree. F. Also disclosed is a method of making the sealant and a method of using the sealant.

Abstract: A foamable thermoplastic molding composition comprising:a) an aromatic polycarbonate, andb) 0.1 to 5% by weight of a hydrate of an inorganic salt, is disclosed. The salt is inert to the polycarbonate and is capable of releasing its water of hydration only at a temperature above 100.degree. C.The composition which may optionally further contain c) up to 10% by weight of a nucleating agent, and d) up to 30% by weight of glass fibers is characterized by its good pore structure.

Abstract: This invention is a polymer containing a plurality of ketone groups in the polymer backbone and containing an amount of a non-volatile, ionizable metal salt sufficient to render it static dissipative. The polymer is substantially devoid of a fatty acid salt, a C.sub.6 -C.sub.30 carboxylic acid ester and a phosphate ester compound. The static dissipative polymer can be used neat or blended with other polymers for use in applications requiring static dissipative behavior.

Abstract: A flame retardant composition and process which is particularly useful for rebonded foam products. The composition of the present invention includes a solid component of magnesium sulfate, boric acid, decabromodiphenylethylene oxide (DECA) and antimony trioxide and a liquid component of halogenated phosphorous. The present invention is based upon the discovery of the synergism between boric acid and DECA. The process, according to the present invention, includes the steps of forming a dispersion of the solid portion of the flame retardant composition along with a small amount of water based adhesive to a mass of foam chips. The treated chips are then dried to permit handling and storage. The dried foam chips subsequently are mixed with a conventional urethane prepolymer binder and the liquid halogenated phosphorous flame retardant compound. After mixing the foam mass is transferred to molds and steamed to allow the binder to cure.

Abstract: Bead-form expandable styrene polymers containing a styrene polymer having a mean molecular weight (weight average) of less than 130.multidot.10.sup.3 and a steep high-molecular-weight flank of the molecular-weight distribution curve, and 0.15 to 1.5 mol of a C.sub.3 - to C.sub.6 -hydrocarbon as blowing agent, and, if desired, customary additives in effective amounts, are distinguished by a particularly high expansion capacity.

Abstract: Foamable resin compositions of cyanate esters and thermoplastic resins are disclosed.

Abstract: A heat-shrinkable, tubular foam can be produced from a composition which comprises 100 parts by weight of an ethylene-.alpha.-olefin-nonconjugated diene copolymer, 1 to 20 parts by weight of a foaming agent, 5 to 100 parts by weight of a thermoplastic resin having a Vicat softening point of 50.degree. to 200.degree. C., and up to 10 parts by weight of a crosslinking agent, by shaping the composition into a tube, crosslinking and foaming the tube and pressurizing the tube in the interior to inflate it. This heat-shrinkable, tubular foam is best suited for jacketing pipes, hoses, and the like.

Abstract: An improvement in the method for the foaming of polyvinylchloride resins by the use of a blowing agent and an activator therefor which uses as the activator a mixture of at least one organotin mercapto acid ester and a diorganotin oxide complex with an ester of an oxygen-containing acid.

Abstract: Isotropic porous polymer beads having a high surface porosity and large pore diameters from about 0.002 to about 5 microns are produced from solutions of an acrylonitrile polymer or a copolymer by a thermally-induced phase separation process. The use of mixed solvent-non-solvent combinations as solvents for the polymers, produces high pore content, substantially spherical beads having a morphology ideally suited to the chromatography of large molecules, such as proteins, and for enzyme-binding.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of a special class of sulfonic and phosphonic acids, and salts of the acids, to give improved nucleation for foam extrusion of thermoplastics using either dissolved gas or chemical blowing agents to produce foam.

Abstract: An improved process for producing sulfur-cured polyphosphazene foams is disclosed. The process comprises foaming more than one storable, stable accelerator base composition comprising the sulfur curing agent, a phosphazene oil and a polyphosphazene. A masterbatch of the same or similar polyphosphazene is made by mixing together a hydrated filler, processing aids and phosphazene oil. The matchbatch and accelerator base composition are then blended and foamed and cured.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of a special class of sulfonic and phosphonic acids, and salts of the acids, to give improved nucleation for foam extrusion of thermoplastics using either dissolved gas or chemical blowing agents to produce foam.

Abstract: An aqueous foamable membrane-forming composition comprised of a water dispersible polymeric latex, preferably styrene-butadiene latex, and an alkyl ether sulfate surface active agent. The composition desirably contains a alcohol having 12 to 14 carbon atoms, an acrylic acid polymer viscosity modifying agent and powdered carbon. Compositions of the invention in dilute aqueous form can be foamed and deposited on a surface to be covered, such as a landfill. Upon standing, the foam develops into a substantially stable, weather resistent membrane.

Abstract: The invention provides a foamable silicon rubber composition capable of giving a foamed and cured silicone rubber body which exhibits, different from conventional foamed silicone rubbers, a retarded and controlled rate of elastic recoverty from a compressed state when the compressive force is released so as to be useful for certain applications. This unique characteristic of the foamed silicon rubber can be obtained by formulating the composition, besides conventional ingredients, a low molecular-weight organopolysiloxane represented by the general formula HO--(--SiR.sup.1.sub.2 --O--).sub.m --(--SiMe.sub.2 --O--).sub.n --H, in which Me is a methyl group, R.sup.1 is an unsubstituted or substituted monovalent hydrocarbon group, at least one of the groups denoted by R.sup.1 in each of the units of the formula --SiR.sup.1.sub.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a heat pumpable expandable weld through sealant comprising a combination of a terpolymer and a copolymer, a curing agent, electrically conductive particles and a blowing agent. Also disclosed is a method of bonding two metal components using this sealant.

Abstract: Expandable styrene polymers which contain a C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 -hydrocarbon as a blowing agent, an organic bromine compound as a flameproofing agent and small amounts of ammonium salt and of an organic amine give, on expansion, foams which have a particularly homogenous foam structure and a good heat insulation effect.

Abstract: The invention is a composition useful for the preparation of POWADIR membranes of a bisphenol-based polycarbonate wherein at least 25 percent by weight of the bisphenol moieties are tetrahalogenated, wherein the halogen is Cl or Br, the composition comprising (i) a bisphenol-based polycarbonate wherein at least 25 percent by weight of the bisphenol moieties are tetrahalogenated, wherein the halogen is Cl or Br, (ii) a solvent for such polycarbonate, and (iii) a non-solvent for such polycarbonate. The composition is useful for extruding membranes wherein the membranes formed are POWADIR membranes with a discriminating region capable of separating oxygen from nitrogen.The composition of this invention allows the formation of membranes with excellent physical properties, good separation factors for oxygen and nitrogen, with excellent fluxes.

Abstract: The invention relates to the preparation of closed cell phenolic resin foams produced from compositions of phenol-aldehyde resole resins, and the foam products thus prepared. More particularly the present invention relates to the preparation of phenolic resin foams by a method employing a novel modified phenolic foam catalyst. The invention also relates to these modified phenolic foam catalysts which include an aromatic sulphonic acid and resorcinol.

Abstract: Isotropic porous polymer beads having controllable surface porosity and large pore diameters from about 0.002 to about 5 microns are produced from solutions of an acrylonitrile polymer or a copolymer by a thermally-induced phase separation process including intensively shearing the polymer solution into small droplets. The use of mixed solvent non-solvent combinations as solvents for the polymers, and preferably reducing the polymer content in solution to below 10 percent produces high pore content, substantially spherical beads having a morphology ideally suited to the chromatography of large molecules, such as proteins, and for enzyme-binding.

Abstract: An expandable composition for non-crosslinked foam comprising:(a) 80 to 99% by weight of a 1-butene copolymer,(b) 20 to 1% by weight of an ethylene polymer, and(c) a blowing agent,the percentages being based on the total weight of the 1-butene copolymer and the ethylene polymer.

Abstract: Aesthetically attractive, free standing dispensers for the controlled release of volatile liquid materials such as perfumes and fragrances into the atmosphere consist essentially of composite hydrogels comprising a continuous phase of a solubilized polyvinyl alcohol, a dispersed phase comprising a polyelectrolyte and an aqueous solution of the volatile liquid that is distributed between said continuous and dispersed phases. The exterior surfaces of the dispenser remain dry to the touch throughout its useful life.

Abstract: Aesthetically attractive, free standing dispensers for the controlled release of volatile liquid materials such as perfumes and fragrances into the atmosphere are prepared by (1) forming a first solution by heating a mixture comprising polyvinyl alcohol and water and/or dimethyl sulfoxide under atmospheric pressure, (2) adding a second solution comprising a volatile liquid material and a monohydric alcohol in a solvent that is miscible with the first solution under conditions that avoid precipitation of polyvinyl alcohol, and then (3) cooling the resultant solution to below room temperature to form a gel in the shape of the final dispenser. The exterior surfaces of the dispenser remainds dry to the touch throughout its useful life.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of a special class of sulfonic and phosphonic acids, and salts of the acids, to give improved nucleation for foam extrusion of thermoplastics using either dissolved gas or chemical blowing agents to produce foam.

Abstract: Low density rigid foamed polyphosphazene articles having excellent physical and flammability properties are made by masticating a mixture of high molecular weight linear polyphosphazene, a curing agent (e.g., sulfur), an accelerator, a blowing agent and optionally fillers, processing aids and the like to form a substantially homogeneous blend and then stopping the masticating, heating to pre-cure and then heating to activate the blowing agent and complete the cure thereby forming a flexible foamed polyphosphazene composite, forming the flexible foamed polyphosphazene composition into a shaped composition, and thereafter heating the flexible foamed shaped polyphosphazene composition at a temperature and for a length of time which causes the flexible foamed polyphosphazene composition to become a rigid foamed polyphosphazene composition of the same shape as the flexible foamed polyphosphazene composition.

Abstract: A process of forming hollow microspheres containing carbon or a polymer which is a carbon precursor. The process comprises forming a solution in a liquid solvent of a polymer having the following properties (a) a molecular weight of at least 10,000 and a long chain structure; (b) an ability to be coagulated by or precipitated from the solution by a non-solvent for the polymer; (c) an ability to form a continuous stretchable film when coagulated or precipitated from solution; (d) a chemical structure which is infusible or capable of being rendered infusible, and (e) a high carbon yield of at least 30% by weight upon being carbonized in a non-reactive atmosphere. An insoluble particulate blowing agent is incorporated into the solution and the solution is then divided into droplets and the droplets are introduced into a liquid bath containing a suitable non-solvent for the polymer.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a novel translucent polymerized panel which can be used as is or be foamed or reinforced with glass fibre or other types of fibre, or reinforcing materials. These panels have good light transmitting, weathering and insulating qualities and do not yellow upon prolonged exposure to ultraviolet light. The invention is directed to a process of producing an acrylic product which is susceptible to foaming upon the application of heat, if a blowing agent is incorporated therein, or can be used with glass fibre reinforcement as a laminating panel. The process comprises: mixing an acrylate or methacrylate monomer, a vinyl monomer, vinyl acetate monomer, polyvinyl chloride monomer, or co-monomers thereof, a polymerization initiator, a molecular weight controlling agent, a catalyst and a metal substitute organic initiator, and polymerizing the mixture to produce a polymerized solid clear product.