Abstract: A polyurethane foam can be flame retarded by the incorporation therein of a flame retardant blend that comprises: (a) a non-oligomeric non-halogenated organophosphorus flame retardant (e.g., a phosphate ester) that is adapted for use in a polyurethane foam formulation; and (b) an oligomeric organophosphorus flame retardant (e.g., a phosphate ester) having a phosphorus content of no less than about 10%, by weight, and at least three phosphate ester units therein.

Abstract: A flame retardant blend, suitable for incorporation into a polyurethane foam, comprises: an oligomeric organophosphourus flame retardant, preferably an organophosphate, having a phosphorus content of no less than about 10%; a benzofuran-2-one stabilizer; and a monomeric phosphate ester containing alkyl and/or haloalkyl groups to act as a solubilizing addtive for the oligomeric organophosphorus flame retardant and benzofuran-2-one stabilizer.

Abstract: Multi-functional microcapsules comprising a core material including a major portion of one or more functional additives and a shell material including at least one functional additive, a method of manufacturing such multifunctional microcapsules and polymeric products incorporating such multifunctional microcapsules are provided.

Abstract: Flame retardant flexible polyurethane foam compositions, methods of flame retarding flexible polyurethane foam compositions, articles made therefrom and flame retardants that comprise blends of (alkyl substituted) triaryl phosphate ester and phosphorus-containing flame retardant having at least about 5 wt. % phosphorus additives. The combined weight of the (alkyl substituted) triaryl phosphate ester and the phosphorus-containing flame retardant comprises about 5 to about 40% by weight of the flexible polyurethane foam compositions or reaction mixtures. The ratio of the (alkyl substituted) triaryl phosphate ester to the phosphorus-containing flame retardant is from about 95:5 to about 50:50 percent by weight.

Abstract: The present invention has its object to provide a foam outstanding in electrification and heat insulating and sound insulating properties and has high compressive strength even when it has low density. The present invention relates to a foam comprising an organic polymer expanded matrix (I) and at least one kind of inorganic substance (II) selected from the group consisting of metals, metal compounds and non-metal inorganic fillers, wherein said expanded matrix (I) contains metal salt-crosslinks and the relation between the weight percentage (M) of the metal forming said metal salt-crosslinks in the expanded matrix (I) based on the total weight of the expanded matrix (I) and the inorganic substance (II) and the weight percentage (S) of the inorganic substance (II) based on the total weight of the expanded matrix (I) and the inorganic substance (II) satisfies the following expression. M≧10−S/4  (1) wherein M≦50 and S≧5.

Abstract: Aqueous urea and/or aqueous urea condensate and/or aqueous urea composition may be utilized to fight grass, forest, building, and other flammable organic material by applying it to these flammable organic materials. The aqueous urea and/or aqueous urea condensate and/or aqueous composition may also be incorporated into flammable materials such as solid and foam plastic and natural materials. Aqueous urea composition are produced by adding and mixing carbon auxiliaries, such as phosphorus containing compounds, metal containing compounds that will accelerate carbonization, heat reflector, surfactant and fillers to the aqueous urea.

Abstract: A flame retardant composition that is composed of red phosphorus and melamine or a derivative thereof in amounts satisfying a specified ratio for use in the production of polyurethanes. The polyurethanes produced with this flame retardant composition are particularly useful in the production of rail vehicles.

Abstract: A flame retardant blend is disclosed that comprises: (a) a monomeric halogenated organic flame retardant that is adapted for use in a polyurethane foam formulation; and (b) an oligomeric organophosphate flame retardant having a phosphorus content of no less than about 10%, by weight, and at least three phosphate ester units therein, the amount of (a) in the blend being no less than the amount of (b). It is useful in polyurethane foams.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of metal salts of ricinoleic acid or solutions thereof in water or in organic solvents in producing polyurethane foams.

Abstract: A method of molding a heat-resistant container comprising a primary blow molding step, a primary heat treatment step, a secondary heat treatment step, and a secondary blow molding step. In the primary blow molding step a synthetic resin preform is blow-molded into a primary blow-molded article. In the primary heat treatment step, the primary blow-molded article is held in a heat treatment mold and subjected to heat treatment. The primary blow-molded article, removed from the mold, shrinks, and forms an intermediate molded article. In the secondary heat treatment step, the intermediate molded article is subjected to heat treatment outside the mold. At this time, almost no shrinkage occurs. In the secondary blow molding step, the intermediate molded article is blow molded within a final blow mold to form a final molded product.

Abstract: This invention relates to a foamed material for fireproofing and/or insulating purposes, consisting of 30 to 90 parts by weight of a solution that contains 20 to 70 wt-% Al (H.sub.2 PO.sub.4).sub.3 and 30 to 80 wt-% water, 5 to 55 parts by weight of a mixture that contains 10 to 70 wt-% MgO, 0 to 70 wt-% mica, 0 to 70 wt-% aluminium hydroxide and 1 to 20 wt-% MnO.sub.2, as well as 1 to 30 parts by weight of a foaming agent that contains 3 to 33 wt-% H.sub.2 O.sub.2 and 67 to 97 wt-% water. In accordance with the invention, the term "insulating purposes" refers to the use of the inventive foamed material for heat and sound insulation.

Abstract: The flameproofed, rigid, isocyanate-based foams, in particular rigid polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foams, are produced by reactinga) organic and/or modified organic polyisocyanates withb) at least one relatively high-molecular-weight compound containing at least two reactive hydrogen atoms, and, if desired,c) low-molecular-weight chain extenders and/or crosslinking agents, in the presence ofd) blowing agents,e) catalysts,f) flameproofing agents, and, if desired,g) further auxiliaries and/or additives,wherein the flameproofing agent is a combination of at least one liquid flameproofing agent which is reactive toward isocyanates and at least one solid flameproofing agent.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a stock solution composition for use in production of hard polyurethane foam, which composition can disperse the flame retardant filler component stably therein when allowed to stand and, when subjected to stirring or an external pressure, has a reduced viscosity, promising easy transfer of the composition and easy foaming in production of hard polyurethane foam at the site. The present invention provides a stock solution composition for use in production of hard polyurethane foam, which comprises, as the essential components, a polyol, a foaming agent, a flame retardant filler, a flame retarder and a solvent-swollen clay mineral. The swollen clay mineral has thixotropy; that is, it is a gel owing to the interaction between molecules when allowed to stand and, when subjected to an external pressure or the like, said interaction between molecules is cut and the gel changes into a liquid sol.

Abstract: The invention relates to a halogen-free, flame retardant rigid polyurethane foam based on polyether-polyols and polyisocyanates, which comprises, as the polyol component, mixtures of nitrogen-free and nitrogen-containing polyether-polyols and, as the flameproofing agent, ammonium polyphosphate.

Abstract: Flame-resistant flexible polyurethane foams are produced by reactinga) organic and/or modified organic polyisocyanates,b) relatively high molecular weight compounds containing at least two reactive hydrogen atoms andc) if desired, low molecular weight chain extenders in the presence ofd) catalysts,e) blowing agentsf) flame retardants,and, if desiredg) auxiliaries and/or additives,where the flame retardants f) used are melamine in combination with at least one anionic dispersant.

Abstract: The flame-resistant polyurea foam of the invention contains calcium sulfate dihydrate as filler and ammonium polyphosphate as flame retardant. Its bulk density is from 25 to 250 kg/m.sup.3 and the number of open cells is above 80% of all its cells. The polyurea has been formed from a reaction of prepolymers of diphenylmethane 4,4'-diisocyanate with water.The polyurea foam of the invention can be used as a block foam or on-site foam for sound and/or heat insulation.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel polysilicic acid/polyisocyanate basic materials, binding materials and foams with improved mechanical properties as well as a higher resistance against heat and chemicals. It is characteristic of the new base materials that they are built up (composed) of______________________________________ 100 parts by mass of a polyisocyanate, 50-400 parts by mass of a polysilicic acid component, 0.5-70 parts by mass of phosphoric acid triesters and/or salts of phosphoric acid mono- and/or diesters formed with amines and/or alkaline metals, and optionally 0-5 parts by mass of a catalysts containing a tertiary amino group, 0-50 parts by mass of a reactive diluent, 0-10 parts by mass of tenside(s) ______________________________________as well as 0-400% by mass of fillers and optionally other auxiliaries, calculated for the total mass (=100%) of the components listed above.

Abstract: A flexible polyurethane foam is made by reacting an isocyanate with a polyol in the presence of a foam-forming agent and a fire-retardant additive. The fire-retardant additive comprises melamine and this is used in conjunction with a polyol which is of the polymer-modified polyol kind, i.e. a polyol containing a polymeric substance such as a dispersed alkanolamine/isocyanate polyaddition product.

Abstract: A flexible polyurethane foam is made by reacting an isocyanate with a polyol in the presence of a foam-forming agent and a fire-retardant additive. The fire-retardant additive comprises melamine and this is used in conjunction with a polyol which is of the polymer-modified polyol kind, i.e. a polyol containing a polymeric substance such as a dispersed alkanolamine/isocyanate polyaddition product.

Abstract: A flexible polyurethane foam is made by reacting an isocyanate with a polyol in the presence of a foam-forming agent and a fire-retardant additive. The fire-retardant additive comprises melamine and this is used in conjunction with a polyol which is of the polymer-modified polyol kind, i.e. a polyol containing a polymeric substance such as a dispersed alkanolamine/isocyanate polyaddition product.

Abstract: A water-permeable and fire-resistant film and the preparing method thereof is disclosed. The water-permeable and fire-resistant film comprises polyurethane resin; a first fire-resistant agent; a second fire-resistant agent, an inorganic fire-resistant agent and an additive agent. The first fire-resistant agent used is selected from the group consisting of paraffine chlorinated, decabromodiphenyl oxide, hexachloro benzene, hexabromo benzene, pentabromo ethyl benzene, pentabromo diphenyl oxide and octabromo diphenyl ether. The second fire-resistant agent used is selected from the group consisting of Sb203 and Sb205. The surface of the film produced is smooth.

Abstract: A water-permeable and fire-resistant product and the preparing method thereof is disclosed. The waterpermeable and fire-resistant product is made of a fabric layer and a purous film adhered thereon. The porous film of this invention comprises polyurethane resin; a first fire-resistant agent; a second fire-resistant agent, an inorganic fire-resistant agent and an additive agent. The first fire-resistant agent used is selected from the group consisting of paraffine chlorinated, decabromodiphenyl oxide, hexachloro benzene, hexabromo benzene, pentabromo ethyl benzene, pentabromo diphenyl oxide and octabromo diphenyl ether. The second fire-resistant agent used is selected from the group consisting of Sb2O3 and Sb2O5. The surface of the product produced is smooth.

Abstract: Polyurethane foams of excellent properties are produced by reacting a) one or more polyether polyols, b) a polymethylene poly(phenyl isocyanate) having a methylene-bis(phenyl isocyanate) content of from 70 to 77% by weight, c) melamine, d) a phosphorous containing compound and d) water as the blowing agent. The isocyanate must have a specific 4,4' to 2,4'-isomer ratio and the amounts of melamine and phosphorous must be within narrowly defined limits.

Abstract: Rigid polyurethane foams are produced by reacting a polyisocyanate with a polyester containing at least two isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms and having a molecular weight of 400 to 10,000 in the presence of water, an organic blowing agent, a flameproofing agent and a compound containing at least two isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms and having a molecular weight in the range from 32 to 399 as crosslinking agent, optionally in the presence of known auxiliaries and additives. The polyester, the flameproofing agent and the crosslinking agent are used in quantities such that from about 15 to about 35 parts by weight of polyester, from about 50 to about 80 parts by weight flameproofing agent and from about 5 to about 15 parts by weight of crosslinking agent (with the sum of the parts by weight of these components adding up to 100) are present. These foams are useful as insulating materials in applications where flame resistance is important.

Abstract: A process for preparing a flame-resistant, elastic soft polyurethane foam includes admixing a portion of expanded graphite having a particle size of from 0.2 to 1 mm as a flame retardant and a portion of melamine, with a foam reaction mixture of polyol and polyisocyanate.

Abstract: A flame retardant composition and process which is particularly useful for rebonded foam products. The composition of the present invention includes a solid component of magnesium sulfate, boric acid, decabromodiphenylethylene oxide (DECA) and antimony trioxide and a liquid component of halogenated phosphorous. The present invention is based upon the discovery of the synergism between boric acid and DECA. The process, according to the present invention, includes the steps of forming a dispersion of the solid portion of the flame retardant composition along with a small amount of water based adhesive to a mass of foam chips. The treated chips are then dried to permit handling and storage. The dried foam chips subsequently are mixed with a conventional urethane prepolymer binder and the liquid halogenated phosphorous flame retardant compound. After mixing the foam mass is transferred to molds and steamed to allow the binder to cure.

Abstract: New particularly effective fire retardent elements based on foams and expandable graphite are characterized in that they additionally contain one or more components from the group consisting of phosphate-containing polyols, borates and amine salts.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for making a flame retardant polyurethane foam which comprises reacting a reaction mixture consisting essentially of a propylene oxide-based polyol that is essentially free of ethylene oxide moieties, a polyisocyanate, melamine in an amount of between about 5 and about 55 parts by weight per hundred parts of the polyol, a halogenated phosphate supplemental flame retardant in an amount of between 8 and about 50 parts by weight per hundred parts of the polyol, and water in an amount of between about 3 and about 6 parts by weight per hundred parts of the polyol, said polyol being further characterized by a molecular weight of between about 2,500 and about 6,000, to provide a polyurethane foam characterized by enhanced flame retardancy.

Abstract: A flame-retardant spray-foamable phenolic urethane composition comprising a polyisocyanate component, a polyol component, an urethane-forming catalyst, a blowing agent and a foam stabilizer, wherein the polyol component comprises:(1) a modified benzylic ether phenol resin obtained by adding from 20 to 100 parts by weight of a polyhydric alcohol or its alkyleneoxide adduct to 100 parts by weight of a benzylic ether phenolic resin, followed by heating under reduced pressure, and(2) other polyol, in such amounts as to satisfy the following equation:(x+y)/z=0.2-1.5wherein x is the amount by weight of the polyhydric alcohol or its alkyleneoxide adduct, y is the amount by weight of said other polyol, and z is the amount by weight of the benzylic ether phenol resin.

Abstract: Polyether polyols and polyurethane foams are stabilized by including therein a liquid stabilizer composition of (a) 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-sec-butylphenol, (b) a reaction product of diisobutylene, styrene and diphenylamine and (c) phenothiazine or C.sub.9-26 -alkyl substituted phenothiazone and wherein the ratio of the phenol to the reaction product is about 1:5 to 5:1 and the ratio of the mixture of components (a) and (b) to the phenothiazone compound is about 5.0:0.1 to 4.0:1.0. The stabilizer composition may further contain trihydrocarbyl phosphite to stabilize the color of same.

Abstract: Polyether polyols and polyurethane foams are stabilized by including therein a liquid stabilizer composition of (a) 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-sec-butylphenol, (b) a reaction product of diisobutylene, styrene and diphenylamine and (c) phenothiazine or C.sub.9-26 -alkyl substituted phenothiazine and wherein the ratio of the phenol to the reaction product is about 1:5 to 5:1 and the ratio of the mixture of components (a) and (b) to the phenothiazine compound is about 5.0:0.1 to 4.0:1.0. The stabilizer composition may further contain trihydrocarbyl phosphite to stabilize the color of same.

Abstract: Polyol compositions comprising a polyol and a halogenated flame retardant are stabilized for storage and handling by the addition of a stabilizing amount of an amine.

Abstract: A fire retardant composition comprising a dispersion of a solid fire retardant additive in a liquid isocyanate-reactive compound having a functionality of from 2 to 8 and an average equivalent weight of from about 31 to about 5000 and, as anti-settling agent, an effective amount of a fatty acid ester and/or amide. The composition is useful for preparing polyurethane foams.

Abstract: A flame retardant composition and process which is particularly useful for rebonded foam products. The composition of the present invention includes a solid component of magnesium sulfate, boric acid, decabromodiphenylethylene oxide (DECA) and antimony trioxide and a liquid component of halogenated phosphorous. The present invention is based upon the discovery of the synergism between boric acid and DECA. The process, according to the present invention, includes the steps of forming a dispersion of the solid portion of the flame retardant composition along with a small amount of water based adhesive to a mass of foam chips. The treated chips are then dried to permit handling and storage. The dried foam chips subsequently are mixed with a conventional urethane prepolymer binder and the liquid halogenated phosphorous flame retardant compound. After mixing the foam mass is transferred to molds and steamed to allow the binder to cure.

Abstract: A flame retardant composition and process which is particular useful for rebounded foam products. The composition of the present invention includes a solid component of magnesium sulfate, boric acid, decabromodiphenylethylene oxide (DECA) and antimony trioxide and a liquid component of halogenated phosphorous. The present invention is based upon the discovery of the synergism between boric acid and DECA. The process, according to the present invention, includes the steps of forming a dispersion of the solid portion of the flame retardant composition along with a small amount of water based adhesive to a mass of foam chips. The treated chips are then dried to permit handling and storage. The dried foam chips subsequently are mixed with a conventional urethane prepolymer binder and the liquid halogenated phosphorous flame retardant compound. After mixing the foam mass is transferred to molds and steamed to allow the binder to cure.

Abstract: An improved process for producing a flexible polyurethane foam having improved flame retardance and physical properties by reacting a polyhydroxy compound and a polyisocyanate compound in the presence of a blowing agent, wherein the improvement comprises using as the polyhydroxy compound one in which an aldehyde condensation polymer has been formed by polycondensation and dispersed such that it accounts for preferably from 5 to 30 wt % of the total amount of the polyhydroxy compound, and adding as the flame retardant a melamine powder preferably in an amount of from 5 to 100 parts by weight for 100 parts by weight of said polyhydroxy compound.

Abstract: A melamine preparation consisting of 80 to 99.9% by weight of melamine having an average particle size of 0.01 to 0.1 mm and 0.1 to 20% by weight of urea, thiourea, biuret or urea or thiourea substituted by lower alkyl groups and a stable dispersion in polyether polyols prepared therefrom, which is used for the preparation of flame-resistant polyurethane foams.

Abstract: Improved ignition resistant, flexible, open-celled polyurethane foams are described. The foams are formed in situ from the reaction, in the presence of a catalyst, of an isocyanate, one or more blowing agents including water, a foam stabilizer, a polyether polyol, melamine, and a standard flame retardant additive. Preferred standard flame retardants are halogenated phosphorus esters and a blend of about 80 to 85% pentabromodiphenyl oxide in an aromatic phosphate plasticizer. The melamine is present in the foam formulations in an amount of from 30 to 40 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of polyol. The standard flame retardant is present in an amount of from 15 to 25 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of polyol. The compositions of the invention are particularly suitable for use in furniture, bedding, and carpet padding.

Abstract: A water-base endothermic fire protective material comprising a heat curable thermosetting resin, inorganic fibers, an endothermic inorganic filler, and thermoplastic binder resin is disclosed. The material can vary in viscosity from a putty that is moldable or trowelable into place to a thin paste that can be sprayed to form a flexible and stable fire stop seal or coating. The material with essentially no shrinkage retains strength and adhesion qualities before and after exposure to fire and retains superior resistance to the impact, erosion, and cooling effects of a hose stream used to combat a fire.

Abstract: A fire retardant flexible polyurethane foam and method for its production are provided. The foam is prepared by reacting in the presence of a metallic catalyst and a non-metallic catalyst (a) a polyol having a molecular weight between about 1000 and about 9000; (b) a polyisocyanate; (c) a cross-linking agent; (d) a foaming agent; (e) a surfactant; (f) a halogenated hydrocarbon; (g) melamine powder; (h) antimony oxide; and (i) sodium borate.

Abstract: Flame-retardant polyurethane products are produced by mixing and reactive an amino-salt of a phosphorus acid, a compound containing at least two reactive hydrogens, and a compound containing at least two isocyanate radicals. This improved polyurethane product may be used in many forms such as insulating and sound proofing foam, coating agents, cushions, cavity fillers, molded products and the like.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing flame-retardant polyurethane foams comprising impregnating an open-cell polyurethane foam with a mixture of a cross-linkable polychloroprene elastomer latex; a flame-retarding zinc salt of a metaboric or polyboric acid; a crosslinking agent, preferably zinc oxide; and, optionally, aluminum hydroxide and other additives.This invention further relates to the use of the low flammability, non-melting polyurethane foams for the manufacture of upholstery materials.

Abstract: Flame-retardant polyurethane products are produced by mixing a basic salt-forming compound with an acidic salt-forming compound containing boron compounds in a polyol and/or a polyisocyanate, then reacting the polyol and polyisocyanate.The flame-retardant polyurethane products may be used for thermal and sound insulation, as a coating agent, as an adhesive, for caulking, for cushioning and for molding useful objects.

Abstract: A method is provided for making a fire retardant rigid polyurethane foam. The method comprises reacting, in the presence of a non-metallic catalyst: (a) a polyol having a molecular weight between about 200 and about 6000; (b) polyisocyanate; (c) a foaming agent; (d) a surfactant; and (e) a single salt consisting of ammonium phosphate.

Abstract: Included are the title phosphorate compounds, and a process to prepare them comprising contacting a carbylphosphorate mono acid halide with a carbyloxide. For example, ((2-(3-bromo-2,2-bis(bromomethyl)propoxy)ethyl(chloroethyl)-(ethyl))phosph orate can be prepared with (2-(3-bromo-2,2-bis(bromomethyl)propoxy)ethyl)(ethyl)-chloridophosphorate and ethylene oxide. The compounds are useful so-called flame-retardants for polyurethanes, especially flexible foams because, for example, substantially non-scorching and non-odoriferous flame-retardant flexible foams can be readily prepared with the compounds.

Abstract: Combustion modified foams are produced by reacting an organic aromatic polyisocyanate with an isocyanate reactive compound in the presence of a blowing agent and Mg(OH).sub.2. The Mg(OH).sub.2 is generally used in a quantity of from 4-100 parts by weight based on the foam taken as 100 parts by weight. Mg(OH).sub.2 having a particle size of from 0.5-50 .mu.m is preferably used. The foams produced by the process are particularly useful in construction applications.

Abstract: A highly temperature resistant foam useful for insulating is disclosed. The foam is particularly useful for insulating stem pipes, hot water heaters and refinery and chemical processing plant pipes. The foam insulation utilizes a cross-linking agent comprised of melamine, which may be dissolved in an alcoholic base. The foam may also include an aromatic polyester polyol, a chlorinated polyester polyol, a nonyl phenol ethoxylate, a silicone based surfactant, and isocyanurate catalyst, a density controlling agent and polymeric isocyanate.The foam will stand consistent temperatures as high as 400.degree. F. It is suitable for spray or poured applications and may be frothed during application.

Abstract: A flexible highly elastical polyurethane foam having a density ranging between 25 and 150 kg/m.sup.3 and a relatively high fire resistance obtained by the reaction of an isocyanate and/or a chemically modified derivate thereof with a highly molecular reactive polyol in presence of a catalytic agent, of a cross-linker, and/or an extender, of water as blast means and of a fire retardant, characterized in that said fire retardant comprises at least one of the following components: (1) linear urea-formol oligomer mixture having the general formula NH.sub.2 --CO--NH--[CH.sub.2 --NH--CO--NH].sub.n --CH.sub.2 --NH--CO--NH.sub.

Abstract: The invention pertains to flame retardant flexible polyurethane foams resistant to cigarette smoldering after being subjected to flex fatigue, prepared by reacting a conventional polyether polyol, toluene diisocyanate, and a blowing agent, and incorporating substantially uncrushed melamine in an amount ranging from about 5 weight percent to about 25 weight percent.

Abstract: The invention pertains to flame retardant polyurethane foams prepared by the reaction of a polyoxyalkylene polyether polyol with an organic polyisocyanate and a blowing agent wherein melamine is incorporated as the sole flame retardant compound. The amount of melamine may range from about 10 weight percent to about 55 weight percent of the total composition.