Abstract: A plastic lens comprising the first acrylic hard coated layer formed on the outside surface of a plastic lens base and, in the inside surface, an antifogging coated layer with interposing of the second acrylic hard coated layer is obtained by coating the both sides of a plastic lens base with an acrylic hard coating agent, masking the outside surface with a peelable masking agent (e.g. a coating composition containing poly(vinyl chloride) or vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer), coating at least the inside surface with an antifogging agent, and removing the masking layer. As the hard coating agent or antifogging agent, use can be made of an ultraviolet-curable resin composition, and as the masking agent, a coating composition containing a poly(vinyl chloride) or vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer may be employed.

Abstract: Compositions containing conductivity enhancers, which are capable of being coated onto a substrate by means of electrostatic assistance. The compositions comprise one or more cationically polymerizable monomer(s), one or more cationic initiator(s), and one or more non-volatile conductivity enhancer(s) having anionic and cationic portions which are soluble in the monomer(s) and which do not interfere with cationic polymerization wherein the anionic portion is a non-coordinating carbon-containing anion. The compositions may further comprise one or more dissociation enhancing agent(s), oligomer(s) or polymer(s), preferably co-reactive, free-radically curable monomer(s), free-radical generating initiator(s), leveling agents, and other additives or adjuvants to impart specific properties to the polymerized composition.

Abstract: Described are optical products comprising a base and an optical layer. The optical layer is prepared from a polymerizable composition comprising an alkyl-substituted brominated phenolic ester(meth)acrylate monomer.

Abstract: A method for the anionic photoinitiation of polymerization or crosslinking of a substrate by irradiating a mixture of a substrate and a photoinitiator, where the photoinitiator is an inorganic transition metal complex which releases on irradiation a polymerization initiating substance consisting essentially of an anionically charged nucleophile that initiates the polymerization or crosslinking reaction, under conditions that allow the anion to initiate polymerization. FIG. 3 is plot of percentage polymerization of ethyl .alpha.-cyanoacrylate containing different concentration of Reineckate's anion.

Abstract: Process for the photocatalytic polymerization of a cyclical olefin or at least two different cyclical olefins in the presence of a metal compound as the catalyst, which is characterized in that a photochemical ring-opening metathesis polymerization is carried out in the presence of a catalytic amount of at least one carbene-free, bivalent-cationic ruthenium or osmium compound which contains at least one phosphine group, at least one photolabile ligand, and optionally neutral ligands bonded to the metal atom, a total of 2 or 3 ligands being bonded, and which contains acid ions for balancing the charge. The process can also be carried out by first carrying out the irradiation and ending the polymerization by heating. The process is suitable, for example, for the preparation of thermoplastics shaping compounds and the production of coatings and images in relief.

Abstract: A novel method for producing thick composite parts based upon photopolymerizable compositions is disclosed. The constituents of the photopolymerizable mixture comprise a monomer or monomers capable of polymerizing by free radical or cationic mechanisms, and a photoinitiator system which possesses an absorbance characteristic which is effectively reduced, or self-eliminating, upon initiation of the polymerization reaction. Parts having thicknesses up to 2 cm and thicker for varying end use applications are made by photopolymerizing such compositions. In addition, using such compositions composite parts can be made using a reinforcement material such as a glass fiber mat present in an amount by weight of from about 5 to about 70%.

Abstract: Process for the polymerization of cyclic olefins by photochemical ring-opening metathesis polymerization by irradiation, using catalytic amounts of a heat-stable ruthenium or osmium catalyst which has at least one photolabile ligand, the other coordination sites being occupied by non-photolabile ligands.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to sulfonium salt-containing compounds represented by a following general formula; ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is alkyl containing from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, hydroxy, alkoxy containing from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, alkylcarbonyloxy containing from 1 to 18 carbon atoms or halogen, n is any of 0, 1, 2 or 3, however, each of R.sub.1 may be different from the others when n is 2 or more, R.sub.2 is alkyl containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each independently hydrogen or alkyl containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are each independently hydrogen, alkyl containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, hydroxy, alkoxy containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, alkylcarbonyloxy containing from 1 to 18 carbon atoms or aromatic carbonyloxy, and R.sub.7 is alkyl containing from 4 to 20 carbon atoms or a group represented by a following formula; ##STR2## wherein R.sub.

Abstract: Process for the photocatalytic polymerization of a cyclical olefin or at least two different cyclical olefins in the presence of a metal compound as the catalyst, in which a photochemical ring-opening metathesis polymerization is carried out in the presence of a catalytic amount of at least one heat-stable titanium(IV), niobium(V), tantalum(V), molybdenum(VI) or tungsten(VI) compound in which a silylmethyl group and at least one halogen are bonded to the metal. The process can also be carried out by first performing the irradiation and ending the polymerization by heating.The process is suitable, for example, for the production of thermoplastic shaping compounds, coatings and images in relief.

Abstract: A process for photocatalytic polymerisation of a cyclic olefin or of at least two different cyclic olefins in the presence of a metal compound as catalyst, which process comprises carrying out a photochemically induced ring-opening metathesis polymerisation in the presence of a catalytic amount of at least one thermostable molybdenum (VI) or tungsten (VI) compound which contains at least two methyl groups or two monosubstituted methyl groups lacking .beta.-hydrogen atoms in the substituent and which are bonded to the metal atom. The process may be carried out by first irradiating and terminating the polymerisation by heating. The process is suitable for fabricating moulded articles, coatings and relief images.

Abstract: A free radical polymerization process for the preparation of polymer comprising:a first heating and photoinitiating with ultraviolet light of a mixture comprised of a stable free radical agent, and at least one polymerizable monomer compound;optionally cooling said mixture;a second heating of said mixture at a temperature of from about 100.degree. C. to about 160.degree. C.;isolating the polymer product formed; andoptionally washing and drying said polymer.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of branched thermoplastic resins comprising: heating a mixture of a free radical initiator, at least one first free radical reactive monomer, at least one free radical reactive branching agent compound, and at least one stable free radical agent, to produce a linear or unbranched polymer product with a free radical initator fragment at one end and a covalently bonded stable free radical agent at the other end of the polymerized chain of monomers; and irradiating the unbranched polymer product in the presence of a reactive compound selected from the group consisting of a free radical reactive monomer, a branching agent compound, and mixtures thereof to form a branched polymeric product.

Abstract: A method for the anionic photoinitiation of polymerization or crosslinking of a substrate by irradiating a mixture of a substrate and a photoinitiator, where the photoinitiator is an inorganic transition metal complex which releases on irradiation a polymerization initiating substance consisting essentially of an anionically charged nucleophile that initiates the polymerization or crosslinking reaction, under conditions that allow the anion to initiate polymerization.

Abstract: Polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers such as methyl methacrylate can be initiated in solutions containing monomer and a special non-polymeric initiator with intense ultrasound. The number average molecular weight of the poly(methyl methacrylate) that forms is about 300,000 gmol.sup.-1 as compared with polystyrene standards. The conversion of the polymerization is about 50% for poly(methyl methacrylate). Variations of the polymerization rate with time and the amount of the initiator are explained by a simple reaction mechanism.

Abstract: Composition containing charge transfer complex from at least one unsaturated compound having an electron donor group and having an electron withdrawing group and being free of any photoinitiating compound is polymerized by being subjected to ultraviolet light.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a non-emissive, bimodal cured polymeric network which has an onset degradation temperature that is about 100.degree. C. above the onset degradation temperature of a base polymer. The novel cured polymeric network comprises the cured reaction product of the following ingredients: (a) combination of one or more liquid carrier monomers or prepolymers which combination is reactive to form a base polymer by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation in the presence of a UV photosensitizer at a temperature, T.sub.uv ; and (b) between about 10 and 100 wt-% based on ingredient (a) of a combination of one or more monomers or prepolymers which combination is reactive to form a cured high temperature stable polymer by heating at a temperature, T.sub..DELTA.. Ingredient (b) is soluble or dispersible in ingredient (a) at a temperature, T.sub.s, wherein T.sub.s is equal to or lower than T.sub.uv, and T.sub.uv is at least about 50.degree. C. lower than T.sub..DELTA..

Abstract: A liquid light-sensitive resin composition comprising:(A) a modified polystyrene resin which has at least one styrene unit having at least one ethylenic unsaturated double bond and at least one carboxyl group;(B) a polymerizable compound having at least one ethylenic unsaturated double bond;(C) a compound having at least one epoxy group;(D) a photopolymerization initiator or a photopolymerization initiating system;(E) a thermohardening catalyst capable of inducing a thermal reaction of the at least one epoxy group; and(F) an organic solvent; is disclosed.

Abstract: Radiation curable compositions useful as coatings for wood, metal, glass, fabric, paper, fiber and plastics are made from homopolymers of 4-acetoxystyrene or homopolymers of 4-hydroxystyrene blended with ethylenically unsaturated compounds.

Abstract: Compositions comprising an oligomer which (a) on average comprises at least one in-chain residue of the general formula ##STR1## wherein Ar.sup.1 is an aromatic group, R.sup.1 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group, X is a group which activates Ar.sup.1 to electrophilic attack, and Y.sup.1 is an organic residue bearing a carboxyl substituent; and (b) has one or more pendant and/or terminal acyloxymethyl groups are described. They may be used in dental, electronic and electrical applications.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of thermoplastic copolymers of .alpha.-methylstyrene and acrylonitrile by continuous bulk copolymerization ofA. 30 to 50 mol % of .alpha.-methylstyrene andB. 70 to 50 mol % of acrylonitrileat temperatures from 60.degree. to 120.degree. C. with average residence times of 4 to 12 hours in the presence of initiators which supply free radicals, carried out in at least two continuously operated mixed tank reactors, characterized in that 100 molar parts of a monomer mixture ofA.sub.0. 34 to 52 mol % of .alpha.-methylstyrene andB.sub.0. 66 to 48 mol % of acrylonitrileare fed continuously into the first tank reactor per unit time, and, with back-mixing, are copolymerized up to a conversion of 5 to 30 molar parts to give a copolymer of the compositionA.sub.1. 49 to 53 mol % of .alpha.-methylstyrene andB.sub.1. 51 to 47 mol % of acrylonitrile,and the mixture consisting of 70 to 95 molar parts of the monomers A and B and 5 to 30 molar parts of the copolymer of the composition A.sub.1 -B.sub.

Abstract: Disclosed are shelf life improvers for photoresist compositions containing organic halides as the photoinitiator that comprise an acetylene compound having the general formula RC.tbd.CR' where R and R' are each independently phenyl, hydrogen, benzyl, vinyl, lower alkyl substituted vinyl, phenyl substituted vinyl, lower alkoxy methyl and phenoxymethyl.

Abstract: Exposure to light or an energetic source of radiation of a mixture of a vinyl monomer or prepolymer with a photo-activatable polysilane results in the polymerization of the vinyl monomer or prepolymer.