Abstract: A foundry mix includes a major amount of a foundry aggregate and an effective binding amount of a binder system. The binder system cures in the presence of sulfur dioxide and a free radical initiator. The binder system may include (1) 10 to 70 parts by weight of an epoxy novolac resin; (2) 0.5 to 10 parts by weight of resorcinol; (3) 20 to 70 parts by weight of a monomeric or polymeric acrylate; and (4) an effective amount of a free radical initiator. Notably, (1), (2), (3) and (4) are separate components or mixed with another of said components, provided (4) is not mixed with (3), where said parts by weight are based upon 100 parts of the binder system.

Abstract: A method is shown for handling a slag pot or ladle and pyrometallurgical tools made form steel or cast iron, comprising the steps of spraying a mineral suspension onto a wall and bringing said slag pot or ladle or the pyrometallurgical tool into service, wherein said mineral suspension comprises calcic particles in suspension in an aqueous phase forming a calcic particle milk having a calcic particle content of between 20% and 60% by weight with respect to the weight of said calcic particle milk, said mineral layer being a fine layer.

Abstract: Described herein, in the preferred embodiment, is a leonardite-based polyurethane resin binder that may be used, among other applications, as a binder in combination with foundry aggregate, e.g., sand, for molding or casting metal parts. The binders described herein comprise a humic substance, preferably leonardite, combined with a polymerizable polyol, an isocyanate, and a polymerization catalyst to make a polyurethane resin binder in situ in a foundry aggregate, such as sand. The lignite is mixed with the polymerizable polyol and dispersing agents as additives to improve the suspension quality and binder performance of the lignite-containing part of the binder components.

Abstract: A resin composition for a shell mold which reduces smoke generation upon molding of a casting mold and maintains a crumbility and a casting mold strength of a phenolic resin, and resin coated sand by the use thereof are provided. The resin composition for the shell mold includes the phenolic resin and an aromatic condensed phosphate ester. The phenolic resin is used as a binder of the resin coated sand used for producing a main mold and a core for shell mold casting of cast iron, cast steel, aluminum, and the like. The aromatic condensed phosphate ester is very effective as a crumbling agent for improving the crumbility of the casting mold after casting.

Abstract: This invention relates to foundry binder systems, which will cure in the presence of sulfur dioxide and a free radical initiator, comprising (a) an epoxy resin; (b) an acrylate; (c) an alkyl ester of a fatty acid, wherein the alkyl group of the ester is an aliphatic hydrocarbon having from 4 to 8 carbon atoms, preferably butyl tallate; and (d) an effective amount of a free radical initiator. The foundry binder systems are used for making foundry mixes. The foundry mixes are used to make foundry shapes (such as cores and molds) which are used to make metal castings, particularly ferrous castings.

Abstract: This invention relates to foundry binder systems, which will cure in the presence of sulfur dioxide and a free radical initiator, comprising (a) an epoxy resin; (b) an acrylate; (c) an alkyl ester of a fatty acid, wherein the alkyl group of the ester is an aliphatic hydrocarbon having from 4 to 8 carbon atoms, preferably butyl tallate; and (d) an effective amount of a free radical initiator. The foundry binder systems are used for making foundry mixes. The foundry mixes are used to make foundry shapes (such as cores and molds) which are used to make metal castings, particularly ferrous castings.

Abstract: This invention relates to foundry binder systems, which cure in the presence of sulfur dioxide and an oxidizing agent, comprising (a) an epoxy resin; (b) an ester of a fatty acid; (c) an effective amount of a oxidizing agent, and (d) no ethylenically unsaturated monomer or polymer. The foundry binder systems are used for making foundry mixes. The foundry mixes are used to make foundry shapes (such as cores and molds) which are used to make metal castings, particularly ferrous castings.

Abstract: This invention relates to foundry binder systems, which cure in the presence of sulfur dioxide and an oxidizing agent, comprising (a) an epoxy resin; (b) an alkyl silicate; (c) an ester of a fatty acid, (d) an effective amount of a oxidizing agent, and (e) no ethylenically unsaturated monomer or polymer. The foundry binder systems are used for making foundry mixes. The foundry mixes are used to make foundry shapes (such as cores and molds) which are used to make metal castings, particularly ferrous castings.

Abstract: This invention relates to foundry binder systems, which will cure in the presence of sulfur dioxide and a free radical initiator, comprising (a) an aliphatic epoxy resin; (b) a multifunctional acrylate; and (c) an effective amount of a free radical initiator. The foundry binder systems are used for making foundry mixes. The foundry mixes are used to make foundry shapes (such as cores and molds) which are used to make metal castings, particularly aluminum castings.

Abstract: This invention relates to a polyurethane-forming no-bake foundry binder comprising a (a) polyether polyol component comprising (1) a polyether polyol, (2) hydrofluoric acid, and (3) an aminoalkoxysilane, (b) a polyisocyanate component, (c) a liquid tertiary amine catalyst component. Foundry mixes are prepared by mixing the binder system with a foundry aggregate by a no-bake process. The resulting foundry shapes are used to cast metal parts from ferrous and non-ferrous metals.

Abstract: This invention relates to foundry binder systems, which will cure in the presence of sulfur dioxide and a free radical initiator, comprising (a) an epoxy resin; (b) an acrylate; (c) an alkyl silicate; and (d) an effective amount of a free radical initiator. The foundry binder systems are used for making foundry mixes. The foundry mixes are used to make foundry shapes (such as cores and molds) which are used to make metal castings, particularly ferrous castings.

Abstract: This invention relates to furan no-bake foundry binders comprising (a) furfuryl alcohol and/or a reactive furan resin, (b) an activator selected from the group consisting of resorcinol, resorcinol pitch, and bisphenol A tar (c) a bisphenol compound (d) a polyol selected from the group consisting of polyester polyols, polyether polyols, and mixtures thereof, and preferably (e) a silane. The binders are cured in the presence of the furan curing catalyst. The invention also relates to foundry mixes prepared with the binder, foundry shapes prepared with the foundry mix, and metal castings prepared with the foundry shapes.

Abstract: A polymer composition that can be used to cure a novolac resin at a lower temperature than conventional curing agents and with reduced emission of volatile compounds is disclosed. The curing agent composition is prepared by mixing and reacting in aqueous solution a phenolic monomer and an aldehyde in the presence of a basic catalyst to form an intermediate resin, and reacting the intermediate resin with an amine to form the curing agent. The aldehyde to phenolic monomer molar ratio in the reaction should be at least about 1.0:1. The preferred amine is hexamethylenetetramine, and it is preferred that the hexamethylenetetramine to phenolic monomer molar ratio is at least about 0.12:1. The curing agent releases minimal volatile compounds when used to cure novolac resins, and unlike conventional resole curing agents, has an indefinite shelf life in both the pure form and when blended with a novolac resin.

Abstract: No-bake foundry binders that produce foundry shapes with improved hot strength are provided. The binder comprises a polyether polyol component, a polyisocyanate component and a catalyst component that promotes the trimerization of polyisocyanates to polyisocyanurates. Supplemental catalysts that promote the reaction of the isocyanate with the polyols may also be used. Foundry mixes are prepared by mixing the binder with a foundry aggregate and making foundry shapes using the no-bake process.

Abstract: This invention relates to furan no-bake foundry binders comprising (a) furfuryl alcohol and/or a reactive furan resin, (b) an activator selected from the group consisting of resorcinol, resorcinol pitch, and bisphenol A tar (c) a bisphenol compound (d) a polyol selected from the group consisting of polyester polyols, polyether polyols, and mixtures thereof, and preferably (e) a silane. The binders are cured in the presence of the furan curing catalyst. The invention also relates to foundry mixes prepared with the binder, foundry shapes prepared with the foundry mix, and metal castings prepared with the foundry shapes.

Abstract: This invention relates to furan no-bake foundry binders comprising (a) a reactive furan resin, (b) furfuryl alcohol, and (c) a catalyst component comprising a catalytically effective amount of a Lewis acid furan catalyst. The invention also relates to foundry mixes prepared with the binder, foundry shapes prepared with the foundry mix, and metal castings prepared with the foundry shapes.

Abstract: This invention relates to a solventless polyurethane no-bake foundry binder system comprising, as individual components (a) a polyol component comprising a polyether polyol, glycol, and an aromatic polyester polyol, (b) an organic polyisocyanate component, and (c) a liquid tertiary amine catalyst component. Foundry mixes are prepared by mixing the binder system with a foundry aggregate by a no-bake process. The resulting foundry shapes are used to cast metal parts from ferrous and non-ferrous metals.

Abstract: This invention relates to a solventless polyurethane no-bake foundry binder system comprising, as individual components (a) a polyol component comprising a polyether polyol, glycol, and an aromatic polyester polyol, (b) an organic polyisocyanate component, and (c) a liquid tertiary amine catalyst component. Foundry mixes are prepared by mixing the binder system with a foundry aggregate by a no-bake process. The resulting foundry shapes are used to cast metal parts from ferrous and non-ferrous metals.

Abstract: A binder composition of a phenolic novolac resin and a (lower) alkoxylated triazine-formaldehyde resin curing agent is disclosed. The triazine resins have sufficient carbon atoms in the alkoxy groups so as to provide a curing agent having a water solubility of less than 15%. The binder cures at high temperatures so as to provide improved flow and prolonged workability to the composition. The compositions are useful in refractory applications having a need for high temperature curing agents such as for maintenance and repair within refractory vessels by gunning/spraying, manufacture of electrodes by the Soderberg method, and for use in blast furnace tap holes.

Abstract: Binder compositions for a mold each comprising a specific alkaline phenol-aldehyde resin are disclosed. Methods for producing a mold using any of the binder compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: There is provided a composition that is the product of mixing and reaction a resole, an alcoholate of an amino triazine, and aldehyde. This composition is useful as a thermosetting resin. This composition is useful as a curative for novolac resins. There is also provided a process for making this composition. In particular there is a process disclosed for making this composition in aqueous solution. Furthermore, curable novolac compositions, and processes for making these compositions, are disclosed and claimed.

Abstract: A binder solution of a phenolic novolak resin in solvent, preferably furfuryl alcohol containing at least one chemical agent such as amines containing one to five, preferably two to four, nitrogen atoms, glycerine or mixtures thereof. Preferably, the binder solution contains about 0.2 to about 1.5 weight percent water. The binder solution is for binding refractory objects, preferably those containing doloma (calcined dolomite) aggregate. Methods of mixing these ingredients and using the mixture are also disclosed. Bricks made from the doloma aggregate mixed with the binder solution show good ambient temperature green strength and enhanced modulus of rupture after curing and coking.

Abstract: A binder composition of a phenolic novolac resin and a (lower) alkoxylated triazine-formaldehyde resin curing agent is disclosed. The triazine resins have sufficient carbon atoms in the alkoxy groups so as to provide a curing agent having a water solubility of less than 15%. The binder cures at high temperatures so as to provide improved flow and prolonged workability to the composition. The compositions are useful in refractory applications having a need for high temperature curing agents such as for maintenance and repair within refractory vessels by gunning/spraying, manufacture of electrodes by the Soderberg method, and for use in blast furnace tap holes.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for reclaiming ester-cured phenolic resin bonded sand. The process comprises contacting attrition reclaimed sand with a compound which converts potassium compounds to a form having a melting point of least 550.degree. C., and then thermally treating the sand at a temperature below that which the resulting potassium compound fuses.

Abstract: This invention relates to foundry mixes and their uses. The foundry mixes comprise (a) a foundry aggregate, and (b) a foundry binder comprising in admixture; (1) an acetoacetate ester; (2) an .alpha., .beta. ethylenically unsaturated monomer; and (3) a liquid tertiary amine catalyst having a pK value of 12-14. The foundry mixes are used to prepare foundry shapes made from foundry mixes by a no-bake process.

Abstract: This invention relates to a hardener for producing phenolic resins from phenolic resoles which comprises a partial phosphate ester. The hardener is produced by reacting condensed phosphoric acids with polyols at controlled temperatures with vigorous agitation under vacuum until constant acidity is achieved. The hardeners cure the phenolic resoles relatively slowly and therefore enable better control to be achieved when preparing moulded products.

Abstract: The present invention provides a monolithic refractory with self-flowability. A monolithic refractory of the first invention of the present invention contains refractory aggregates, liquid novolak type phenol resin and an organic separation preventative. A monolithic refractory of the second invention of the present invention contains refractory aggregates and a novolak type phenol resin solution with a number-average molecular weight of not more than 600. The first invention of the present invention gives good hot flowability and prevention of sedimentation of the aggregates to the monolithic refractory. The second invention gives good hot flowability, stabilization in adhesion and prevention of warpage of the hardened body obtained. With the present invention a monolithic refractory can be suitably selected and used according to its intended use and purpose.

Abstract: A binder composition for producing articles of bonded particulate material such as foundry molds or core comprises an alkaline aqueous solution of a resol phenol-aldehyde resin, an oxyanion which can form a stable complex with the resin, and an ethylene glycol monoalkyl ether. The binder composition has an alkali to phenol molar ratio of from 1.5:1 to 2.5:1 and the amount of alkali present in the solution is sufficient to substantially prevent stable complex formation between the resin ad the oxyanion. Bonded articles are produced by passing carbon dioxide gas through articles formed from a mixture of particulate material and the binder composition so as to produce stable complex formation and curing of the resin.

Abstract: The hardening of a composition containing a phenolic resin solution and a magnesia aggregate is effected by mixing into such composition at a pH of at least 4.5: a compound which provides an acetate, adipate, 4-aminobenzeneslfonate, 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylate, formate, glycolate, lactate, nitrate, benzenesulfonate, naphthalenesulfonate, methanesulfonate, phenolsulfonate, succinate, sulfamate, or toluenesulfonate anion to the composition; or an acetylacetone, 2-nitrophenol, 4-nitrophenol, salicylaldehyde compound; or a mixture of said compounds.

Abstract: There are disclosed methods and compositions for accelerating the hardening of phenolic resole resins having a pH of about 4.5 to 9.5 with lightburned magnesium oxide or magnesium hydroxide, with or without the addition of an ester functional hardening agent. Acceleration of hardening is achieved by incorporating into said compositions an effective quantity of a material which: increases the solubility of magnesium in the hardenable mixture; by certain amines; or by certain chelating agents. Accelerator compounds include those which provide chloride, sulfamate, nitrate, formate, and phosphite anions as well as selected tertiary amines.

Abstract: There is disclosed methods and compositions for retarding the room temperature hardening of phenolic resole resins when such resins are mixed with lightburned magnesium oxide with or without an ester functional hardening agent. Compounds which act as retarders include azelaic acid, salicylamide, sulfanilic acid, glyoxal, salicylic acid, N-methylaniline, and 2,6-diethylaniline.

Abstract: A binder composition for producing articles of bonded particulate material such as foundry moulds or cores comprises an alkaline aqueous solution of a resol phenol-aldehyde resin, an oxyanion which can form a stable complex with the resin, and pyrrolidone or an N-substituted pyrrolidone, and the amount of alkali present in the solution is sufficient to substantially prevent stable complex formation between the resin and the oxyanion. Bonded articles are produced by passing carbon dioxide gas through articles formed from a mixture of particulate material and the binder composition so as to produce stable complex formation and curing of the resin.

Abstract: A resin is prepared by the reaction of a phenol, an aldehyde and an aliphatic hydroxy compound containing two or more hydroxy groups per molecule in the presence of a divalent metal ion catalyst. These resins react with polyisocyanates to form polyurethanes that are useful binders for foundry cores and molds.

Abstract: A process for improving the flowability of resin coated sand which comprises the use of a flow promoter with the mixture of sand and resin. Also provided is a foundry mix comprising foundry sand, a resin binder and the flow promoter, as well as a process for making foundry cores and molds using the foundry mix. The resins are ester-curable alkaline phenolic resole resins. The flow promoter is selected from the group consisting of fatty acids, fatty alcohols, fatty amines, fatty amides and fatty alkanolamides.

Abstract: A phenolic resin composition comprises an ester-curable phenol-aldehyde resin in alkaline aqueous solution wherein the phenol-aldehyde resin is a methylolated phenolic novolak resin. Preferably, during manufacture of the methylolated phenolic novolak resin, unreacted phenol is removed. The composition may be employed, for reaction with an organic ester hardener, as a binder in the production of foundry moulds and cores having high strength. The further incorporation of an aryloxy alcohol in the novolak resin binder additionally improves the final strength of products obtained by a gas curing technique using ester vapor, such as that of methyl formate.

Abstract: Modified benzylic ether resole resins and process for their preparation. The resins are prepared by treating a phenol with a molar excess of aldehyde in the presence of a divalent metal ion catalyst at a pH below 7 followed by further reaction at a pH above 8 in the presence of an alkaline catalyst. Alkaline solutions of the resins are used as foundry binders in an ester cure process.

Abstract: A binder composition which comprises an aqueous alkaline solution of a phenolic resole resin and an additive wherein the additive is phenoxyethanol or a derivative of phenoxyethanol.

Abstract: An adhesive paste for adhering two or more objects, a composite assembly comprising two or more elements bonded by such paste, and a process for preparing cast metal articles using such paste are provided. The adhesive paste comprises an aqueous solution of a specific alkali phenol-formaldehyde resin and a hardener for that resin, wherein the paste prepared by mixing the resin and hardener has a viscosity, as mixed, in the range of about 1,000 cps to about 15,000 cps. The composite assembly comprises at least two separate elements bonded by the adhesive paste of the invention. The process uses a mold or core assembly having at least two separate elements.

Abstract: An alkoxy-modified phenolic resole resin providing an improved binder for foundry cores and molds. The resin has predominantly ortho-ortho benzylic ether bridges joining the phenolic nuclei in the resin and at least one alkoxymethylene group for every 20 phenolic nuclei.

Abstract: The subject invention relates to modifiers for aqueous basic solutions of phenolic resins. The modifiers are open-chain ether alcohols or ketone alcohols. They assist in stabilizing the aqueous basic solutions of phenolic resole resins and improve the tensile strength of foundry shapes prepared from foundry mixes made with the aqueous basic solutions.

Abstract: An additive to foundry sand molding and core aggregates used to produce cores and molds which improves the quality of castings by reducing thermal expansion and gas defects. The additive comprises a composition containing from about 15% to about 95% titanium dioxide (TiO.sub.2). Preferably, the composition of the additive comprises about 2-38% silicon dioxide (SiO.sub.2), about 5-40% ferric oxide (Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3), about 15-95% titanium dioxide (TiO.sub.2), and about 2-45% aluminum oxide (Al.sub.2 O.sub.3).

Abstract: An improved particulate material for use in treating subterranean formations as a proppant and/or as a fluid loss agent in hydraulic fracturing and as a screening material in gravel packing comprised of heat curable particles capable of forming a cohesive mass, said particles comprised of a high strength center, a coupling agent chemically bound to the center with a heat curable resin coated over the center.

Abstract: Refractory shaped articles are prepared by heating refractory mixes comprised of refractory particles and an alkoxy modified phenolic resole resin having at least one alkoxy methylene group for every 20 phenolic hydroxyl groups.

Abstract: A cold-setting foundry binder composition, which provides foundry cores and molds with improved curing speed, comprising a particulate refractory material, a resin binder, an acid curing catalyst, and an accelerator. The accelerator is selected from the group: dihydroxybenzenes, derivatives of dihydroxybenzenes, trihydroxybenzenes, and their mixtures.

Abstract: A disintegration assistant is added to a molding composition made up of foundry sand and a binder whose major part is a condensation-reactive compound or resin having methylol groups in a molecule. The molding composition is formed into a mold and a core by solidifying the resin so that individual grains of the foundry sand are bound each other. The disintegration assistant is mainly made of calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, barium hydroxide and/or barium carbonate, thereby promoting the heat deterioration of the resin to improve the disintegration characteristics of the mold and the core.

Abstract: A method for producing an improved particulate material for use in treating subterranean formations as a proppant and/or as a fluid loss agent in hydraulic fracturing and as a screening material in gravel packing comprised of heat curable particles capable of forming a cohesive mass, said particles comprised of a high strength center, a coupling agent chemically bound to the center with a heat curable resin coated over the center.

Abstract: A phenolic resin for application in foundry shell molding operations having improved properties is disclosed. The phenolic resin is prepared by reacting aldehydes and a mixture of bisphenol A and bisphenol F to prepare a phenolic resin for coating foundry aggregates or sand to prepare shell molds having low thermal expansion and improved shake out properties.

Abstract: A polymeric binder composition for refractory aggregates is disclosed. The binder is a resole type phenolic resin, solvent and a tar, pitch or mixtures thereof. The solvent has a boiling point of greater than 75.degree. C. and is added to the resole type phenolic resin to impart a viscosity range of between 1 to 1000 poise. The tar/pitch component is combined in the solvent-resin mixture, and is incorporated within the ratios of 30:70 to 70:30 with relation to the phenolic resin. The binder results in a high carbon binder.

Abstract: A shaped, refractory, heat-insulating liner comprises particulate refractory material, a water-soluble borate compound and, as binder, starch and a urea-formaldehyde resin. The starch helps provide suitable transverse strength, the resin protects the starch from moisture and promotes good surface properties and the borate compound enhances the transverse strength and the integrity of the liner at high temperature. The article e.g. a slab is useful for lining metallurgical vessels e.g. tundishes.

Abstract: Modified benzylic ether resole resins and process for their preparation. The resins are prepared by treating a phenol with a molar excess of aldehyde in the presence of a divalent metal ion catalyst at a pH below 7 followed by further reaction at a pH above 8 in the presence of an alkaline catalyst. Alkaline solutions of the resins are used as foundry binders in an ester cure process.