Abstract: The plastics additives powder compositions of the present invention are provided as powder particles having impact modifier particles and processing aid particles which are coagulated and dried. When blended in thermoplastic resins, such as PVC, the subject plastics additives powders both increase the impact strength and improve process efficiency and melt strength. The impact and processing properties achieved by the present invention are more efficient than using separate impact modifier and processing aid powders. The method of preparing the powder compositions of the present invention also enable impact modifier particles having rubber weight fractions greater than 88% to be isolated as free-flowing powders.

Abstract: A pigment dispersion which includes a pigment, an aqueous carrier and a pigment dispersant. The pigment dispersant is prepared by controlled radical polymerization initiated in the presence of a monomeric initiator having at least two radically transferable groups. The pigment dispersant has at least one of the following polymer chain structures: &phgr;-[(G)p—(E)s—T]z and &phgr;-[(E)3—(G)p—T]z where G is a hydrophobic residue of at least one radically polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated monomer; E is a hydrophilic residue of at least one radically polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated monomer; &phgr; is a residue of or derived from the initiator, and is free of the radically transferable group; T is or is derived from the radically transferable group of the initiator; z is 2 to 10; p and s are at least one and are selected such that the pigment dispersant has a number average molecular weight of at least 500.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a polymer feed system and a method of using the same wherein clogging of the polymer input line is avoided by the use of air to purge the system of any unwanted polymer or electrolyte. The purging avoids the contact of the water with the polymer and the build-up of unwanted activated polymer and clogging in the supply and in the subsequent conduits.

Abstract: Polymeric powders of small particle size and size distribution and of irregular morphology are prepared by a limited coalescence procedure wherein a polymer in an organic solvent is dispersed by high shear agitation in an aqueous phase containing colloidal stabilizer particles having opposite electrostatic charges. The organic solvent is evaporated and the polymer particles are recovered from the aqueous medium. The particles are of irregular shape and narrow particle size distribution and have superior electrostatic transfer properties when used as electrostatographic dry toners.

Abstract: A flame retardant for flameproof mesh sheets which does not experience an increase in viscosity while it is kept and does not generate harmful halogen gas at the time of combustion and a flameproof mesh sheet comprising the same. The flame retardant for mesh sheets preferably comprises red phosphorus in an amount of 1.5 to 15 parts by weight and an ammonium polyphosphate compound in an amount of 10 to 70 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of an aqueous dispersion of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer having a vinyl acetate content of 10 to 95 wt % and a resin solid content of 25 to 75 wt %.

Abstract: Polymer-pigment composites, aqueous dispersions of polymer-pigment composites and coating compositions containing the polymer-pigment composites are disclosed, wherein the polymer is formed from terminally-unsaturated oligomers containing acid functionality.

Abstract: In a method of making repositionable pressure sensitive adhesive of tacky elastomeric microspheres wherein the microspheres are polymerized and formed in an aqueous suspension which includes a surfactant, a certain amount of the surfactant is removed from the aqueous suspension after completion of polymerization of the microspheres so that a predetermined reduced amount of surfactant remains, with the result that migration of the surfactant from the adhesive is at least substantially reduced.

Abstract: The method according to the present invention includes the step of adding sufficient amounts of an alkalinizing agent to an aqueous solution into which a redispersible polymer powder will be dispersed or to an aqueous dispersion which will be dried to form a redispersible polymer powder. The method of the invention is particularly well suited for nonionic polymers. A surfactant, plasticizer and/or preservative can also be used in addition to the alkalinizing agent. Redispersible polymer powders processed according to the invention form acceptable tablet coatings which are comparable in quality to those coatings formed from aqueous polymer dispersions that have not been dried into redispersible polymer powders.

Abstract: Coatable ink-receptive compositions and coated substrates are provided. The compositions contain a pigment dispersed in a binder composed of an ethylene vinyl acetate emulsion polymer and at least one water soluble, cationic polymer, such as polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride and copolymers of a quaternary amino acrylate or methacrylate and a hydroxy-lower alkyl acrylate or methacrylate. Papers, films, labels and similar products, coated with an ink-receptive composition, are also provided.

Abstract: A coating composition which forms a peelable coating for protecting surfaces of an object from the outside elements. The coating composition includes a latex of rubber particles and a UV absorber, wherein the rubber particles are present from about 35 to about 50 weight percent in the coating composition. The coating composition may also include from about 0.5 to about 4 weight percent of an antioxidant; from about 0.003 to about 0.03 weight percent of a biocide; from about 0.03 to about 0.08 weight percent of a defoamer; from about 0.07 to about 0.40 weight percent of a thixotropic agent; and a rust inhibitor, wherein all weight percents are based on the total weight of the coating composition. The method of using the composition includes coating the surface with a layer of the above-described coating composition and allowing the layer of coating composition to dry and form a coating which is capable of being peeled from the object.

Abstract: A process for producing toner particles is conducted by:preparing toner precursor particles containing at least binder resin and coloring agent; andspherizing the toner precursor particles to obtain toner particles;wherein spherizing steps include;(1) dispersing the toner precursor particles in an aqueous medium containing a dispersant, thereby preparing a disperse system (a);(2) dispersing oil droplet particles containing a softening agent into an aqueous medium, thereby preparing a disperse system (b);(3) preparing a mixed disperse system (c) by adding the disperse system (a) to the disperse system (b), and causing the softening agent to be absorbed by the toner precursor particles in the mixed disperse system (c); and(4) removing the softening agent from the toner precursor particles.

Abstract: Solid form additive systems which are dispersible in aqueous media are disclosed, as are methods for preparing such additive systems and methods for dispersing such additive systems in aqueous media. Also disclosed are methods for applying additives to polymeric particles and the polymeric particles treated by such methods. These polymeric particles can be made into articles that can be used in a wide range of applications, e.g., as film or packaging for food, medicine and the like.

Abstract: Free-flowing polytetrafluoroethylene molding powders are obtained if a finely divided non free-flowing powder of an optionally modified polytetrafluoroethylene is agglomerated in an aqueous medium which contains a trialkylamine oxide and the agglomerates are dried.

Abstract: The presently claimed process for the production of a solid pigment/resin dispersion comprises the steps of mixing together a particulate pigment, a solid resin carrier, a water-immiscible organic solvent in which the carrier is at least partially soluble, water, and, optionally, a water miscible solvent until the mixture separates into an aqueous phase and a coherent phase comprising resin, pigment and organic solvent; separating water from the coherent phase; and continuing to mix the coherent phase while removing the organic solvent under the action of heat and/or reduced pressure until a dry particulate material comprising a pigment and resin is formed.

Abstract: A composite material having a structure in which negatively charged colloidal silica having an average particle diameter of not greater than 50 nm and remaining substantially in the form of primary particles is attached to the outer surfaces of negatively charged polymer particles. By using this composite material, there can be obtained molded articles wherein colloidal silica is dispersed in a resin while remaining substantially in the form of primary particles.

Abstract: A method for the recovery of microfine suspended particles from a suspension medium, characterized by subjecting a polymeric monomer suspended in a suspension medium to suspension polymerization thereby forming microfine globular particles in the suspension solution, adding microfine water-insoluble particles to said suspension solution of microfine globular particles thereby inducing cohesion of said microfine globular particles, and separating said microfine globular particles in the form of an aggregate from said suspension solution filtration.

Abstract: Gift free coating with improved tannin stain blocking, nicotine stain blocking, efflorescencee resistance, and water spot resistance are disclosed. Pre-treated ion exchange resins are incorporated into the coating compositions to achieve the improvements.

Abstract: Synthetic latex compositions and articles produced therefrom having improved tear strength while minimizing the effect on modulus. The compositions include a synthetic rubber latex and fumed silica typically present in an amount ranging between 0.5% and 5.0% by weight of rubber solids. In a preferred embodiment, the fumed silica is introduced into the synthetic rubber latex as an aqueous dispersion of fumed silica.

Abstract: A process for compounding polymer dispersions, which comprises circulating the polymer dispersion from a vessel (7) having a stirring device (6) through a line (3) having a mixing device (2) by means of a pump (4) which is located in the line (3), and, before the entry of the circulated polymer dispersion into the mixing device (2), metering at least one solution or dispersion of at least one compounding material from at least one stock container (5) via a supply line (9) into the circulated polymer dispersion.

Abstract: Magnetic paint or ink additives are formulated from ferromagnetic particles, preferably iron powder, having a mixed particle range of from about 0.01.mu. to about 297.mu., and preferably to about 250M and more, preferably from about 0.01.mu. to about 37 to 44.mu.; 6 to 20.mu. particles are used in one latex-based embodiment. Preferred additives are formulated by blending the particles with a surfactant, a surfactant mixture, or a surfactant and alcohol mixture in amounts sufficient to suspend the particles; a polyvinyl acetate polyer is used in one embodiment. The additives may be blended with any oil-, latex-, or lacquer-based paint, ink, or coating to form a magnetic paint or coating having a viscosity substantially similar to the paint or ink containing no particles and/or additive. Surfaces such as paper, cloth, wood, wallboard, sheet rock, foam, foam board, plywood, plastic, fiberboard, and the like so coated may be cut with conventional woodworking tools, scissors or knives.

Abstract: This invention relates to processes for modifying the flow characteristics of slurries, particularly mineral slurries such as red mud from the Bayer process, using water-soluble polymeric emulsions to increase the slurries' angle of repose.

Abstract: The subject invention involves processes for making granular compositions comprising soil release polymers, the polymers comprising at least about 10% of substantially linear esters having a backbone; the esters being uncapped or end-capped on one or both ends of the backbone; the esters comprising in their backbones oxyalkyleneoxy units and hydrophobic aryldicarbonyl units; the esters having a molecular weight of from about 500 to about 20,000; the polymers if in solid state having the tendency when exposed to moisture to spontaneously rearrange from an amorphous form which is readily soluble in water to a crystalline form which is relatively insoluble in water; the process comprising the following steps:a) taking the soil release polymers, in which are dispersed from 0% to about 25% alkylaryl or alkyl sulfonate crystallization-reducing stabilizers, in molten state at a temperature of at least about 180.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of polymer compositions which comprises mixing a conductive component with an anionic polymeric latex containing a polymer; adding a cationic surfactant, or flocculant whereby the aggregation of the latex particles and the conductive component particles results; subsequently adding colloidal stabilizer, followed by the addition of a base to obtain a pH of from about 7 to about 12; heating above about the polymer glass transition temperature thereby enabling the severage, or breakage of the formed aggregated particles; further heating above about the polymer glass transition temperature enabling the coalescence of the polymer and conductive component particles; and optionally washing and drying the resulting coalesced product.

Abstract: The subject invention involves processes for making granular compositions comprising soil release polymers, the polymers comprising at least about 10% of substantially linear esters having a backbone; the esters being uncapped or end-capped on one or both ends of the backbone; the esters comprising in their backbones oxyalkyleneoxy units and hydrophobic aryldicarbonyl units; the esters having a molecular weight of from about 500 to about 20,000; the polymers if in solid state having the tendency when exposed to moisture to spontaneously rearrange from an amorphous form which is readily soluble in water to a crystalline form which is relatively insoluble in water; the process comprising the following steps:a) taking the soil release polymers, in which are dispersed from 0% to about 25% alkylaryl or alkyl sulfonate crystallization-reducing stabilizers, in molten state at a temperature of at least about 180.degree. C.

Abstract: An ink for ink jet printing includes an emulsifiable polymer resin and a pigment, and may be made by: (a) combining (1) an emulsion of an emulsifiable polymer resin in an anionic medium with (2) a pigment and a cationic surfactant; and (b) aggregating particles in the mixture of step (a) to a desired particle size, thereby producing a solution of aggregated particles. The particles can optionally be coalesced to alter the particle size of the particles.

Abstract: A method of producing suspension polymerized vinyl chloride polymers or copolymers of improved flowability by polymerizing vinyl chloride monomers alone, or in a mixture with other monomers, in an aqueous medium, to form a slurry of polymer suspended in said aqueous medium. After removing unreacted monomers, a polyhydric alcohol is added to the slurry containing the suspension polymerized polymer or to a product obtained after the dewatering of the slurry, in an amount of 0.001 to 0.5 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the vinyl chloride polymer or copolymer suspended in the slurry.

Abstract: Inorganic material particles are dispersed in an aqueous medium with surface charge adjusting additives to give a moderately stable slurry or pigment grind. The dispersion can be used to prepare fully formulated compositions. Products formulated using the aqueous dispersion can be prepared to give the same performance as products including inorganic material dispersed with conventional polyelectrolyte pigment dispersants, but with higher levels of inorganic material, or superior performance properties with like levels of inorganic material.

Abstract: An in situ chemical process for the preparation of toner comprised of(i) the provision of a latex, which latex is comprised of polymeric resin particles, an ionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant;(ii) providing a pigment dispersion, which dispersion is comprised of a pigment solution, a counterionic surfactant with a charge polarity of opposite sign to that of said ionic surfactant, and optionally a charge control agent;(iii) mixing said pigment dispersion with said latex with a stirrer equipped with an impeller, stirring at speeds of from about 100 to about 900 rpm for a period of from about 10 minutes to about 150 minutes;(iv) heating the above resulting blend of latex and pigment mixture to a temperature below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin to form electrostatically bound toner size aggregates;(v) adding further aqueous ionic surfactant or stabilizer in the range amount of from about 0.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to the use of conditioned organic pigments as stir-in pigments in various applications. The conditioned pigments are prepared by wet-milling a pigment crude to a particle size of 0.1 to 9 .mu.m and a specific surface area in the range of from 6 to 35 m.sup.2 /g.

Abstract: A process for the production of a structured composite pigmentary material in the form of a dispersion comprises mixing an aqueous dispersion of inorganic pigmentary particles and an aqueous dispersion of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) particles. The inorganic pigment particles carry a positive surface charge and the PVC particles carry a negative surface charge and the particles in the composite are held in association as a result of these charges. The inorganic pigment particles and PVC particles are mixed in the presence of a surfactant system which provides both anionic and steric stabilisation.

Abstract: There is disclosed a thermoplastics composition comprising a thermoplastic polymer having incorporated therein a coated particulate inorganic material. The coating on the particles of the inorganic material comprises a combination of a natural or synthetic polymeric material and a wax having a melting point not higher than the melting point of the thermoplastics polymer, and the polymeric material is present in the coating in an amount of from 1% to 10% by weight, based on the weight of dry inorganic material.The improved thermoplastic composition of the invention may be used in making moulded components for automobiles.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of negatively charged toner comprising:(i) preparing a pigment dispersion, which dispersion is comprised of a pigment, an ionic surfactant, and optionally a charge control agent;(ii) shearing said pigment dispersion with a latex or emulsion blend comprised of a resin of styrene-vinylidene chloride-acrylic acid, styrene-vinyl chloride-acrylic acid, styrene-chloroprene-acrylic acid, styrene-butylacrylate-vinylidene chloride-acrylic acid, styrene-butylacrylate-vinyl chloride-acrylic acid, styrene-butadiene-vinylidene chloride-acrylic acid, or styrene-isoprene-vinylidene chloride-acrylic acid, a counterionic surfactant with a charge polarity of opposite sign to that of said ionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant;(iii) heating the above sheared blend below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin to form electrostatically bound toner size aggregates with a narrow particle size distribution; and(iv) heating said bound aggregates above about the Tg of the resin.

Abstract: Novel aerated fibrous slurry comprising fibrous material, foaming agent, stabilizer, water and gas, which when dried to a water content of not more than 10% by weight, forms a dry, resilient fibrous foam composition. The dry, resilient fibrous foam composition is useful as an inexpensive cushioning filler, as a heat insulating material and as an absorbent of liquids.

Abstract: An article of manufacture comprising a substrate and a water-based ink composition free of volatile organic compounds which is water resistant upon curing. The water-based ink composition contains a water-based particulate pigment dispersion free of volatile organic compounds. Methods for making the water-based particulate dispersions, the water-based inks containing such dispersions and for disposing the water-based pigment dispersion and the water-based ink composition containing such pigment dispersions on a substrate are also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of toner compositions comprising:(i) preparing an emulsion latex comprised of sodio sulfonated polyester resin particles of from about 5 to about 500 nanometers in size diameter by heating said resin in water at a temperature of from about 65.degree. C. to about 90.degree. C.(ii) preparing a pigment dispersion in a water by dispersing in water from about 10 to about 25 weight percent of sodio sulfonated polyester and from about 1 to about 5 weight percent of pigment;(iii) adding the pigment dispersion to a latex mixture comprised of sulfonated polyester resin particles in water with shearing, followed by the addition of an alkali halide in water until aggregation results as indicated by an increase in the latex viscosity of from about 2 centipoise to about 100 centipoise;(iv) heating the resulting mixture at a temperature of from about 45.degree. C. to about 80.degree. C.

Abstract: Aqueous dispersions which contain a synthetic polymer obtained by free radical polymerization and a rosin are prepared by a process in which an aqueous dispersion of the synthetic polymer obtained by free radical polymerization is mixed with an aqueous formulation of a rosin which contains from 0.1 to 0.5 mol, based on 100 g of rosin, of carboxyl groups.

Abstract: The invention relates to free-flowing, quick-dissolving lacquer binder granules based on cellulose esters, more particularly cellulose nitrates, and to a process for their production.

Abstract: Aqueous dispersions of PTFE and TiO.sub.2 stabilized from the effects of freeze/thaw cycles are disclosed, wherein the stabilizing agents are monohydric alcohols and monoamines having less than five carbon atoms.

Abstract: A granular filler comprising a particulate inorganic material; from 0.1% to 10% by weight, based on the weight of the organic material, of fine carbon black; and sufficient amount of a natural or synthetic latex composition to provide from 1% to 10% by weight of elastomer solids, based on the weight of the inorganic material, wherein the granules have diameters within the range of from 0.01 mm to 0.1 mm.

Abstract: This invention provides polymeric particles uniformly coated with colloidal cupric oxide particles by forming a suspension of polymer particles as a discontinuous phase in a continuous aqueous phase containing a colloidal cupric oxide suspension stabilizer.

Abstract: Method of making aqueous dispersions of hydrophobic polymer particles loaded with at least one hydrophobic compound, comprising the consecutive steps of dissolving said at least one hydrophobic compound in a water-immiscible organic solvent medium, dispersing the solution obtained in water or in an aqueous medium to form a dispersed phase having an average droplet size lower than 5 .mu.m, mixing the resulting dispersion with a dispersion of hydrophobic polymer particles in water or in an aqueous medium, said hydrophobic polymer particles being swellable in said water-immiscible solvent medium and having an average particle diameter ranging from 0.02 to 5.0 .mu.m, stirring the mixture obtained to allow said hydrophobic compound to associate with said hydrophobic polymer particles, and removing said water-immiscible organic solvent medium by evaporation.

Abstract: A polymer activation apparatus for activating and diluting a liquid polymer with water includes, a vessel defining a cylindrical chamber divided into first and second processing zones, the polymer and water being supplied to the first processing zone, an impeller located in the first processing zone subjecting the polymer to a high shear rate for a short contact time to initiate dissolution and activation of the polymer, and the polymer being moved to the second processing zone under the force of the water supplied to the first processing zone, a second impeller in the second processing zone subjecting the polymer to a lower shear rate for a longer period to continue the polymer dissolution and activation process.

Abstract: A method for preparing a polymer powder which is redispersible in water by atomizing an aqueous non-polyvinyl alcohol stabilized polymer dispersion containing a dispersing aid consisting of vinyl pyrrolidone homopolymer.

Abstract: A composition including an oil and particles of a solid, water soluble flocculant polymer substantially immiscible with the oil provides ready dispersibility of the polymer in aqueous fluids. Desirably, the composition is substantially free of surfactants, the polymer particles have a mean particle size less than about 100 microns and preferably less than about 20 microns and the polymer particles are substantially dry.

Abstract: Concentrated, aqueous, colloidal dispersions of tetrafluoroethylene polymers having a polymer solids content of 25 to 70% by weight, which comprise, as the dispersion stabilizer, an amine oxide of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is an alkyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms or a mixture of such alkyl radicals and R.sup.2 is an alkyl radical having 1 to 22 carbon atoms or a mixture of such alkyl radicals, and in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are identical or different and 50 to 0% by weight of the alkyl radicals R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 can be replaced by alkenyl radicals having 6 to 22 carbon atoms and having 1 to 3 C.dbd.C double bonds, are obtained by concentration with addition of these dispersion stabilizers. The dispersions are used for impregnating yarns and textile sheet-like structures.

Abstract: Disclosed are pigment composite particles which are superior in water resistance, weather resistance, thermal stability and hardness. The pigment composite particles are prepared by suspension-polymerizing an aqueous suspension comprising(a) a pigment paste comprising pigment and a pigment grinding resin having a hydrophilic group of at least 0.2 mmol/g,(b) a polymerizable monomer and(c) a polymerization initiator.

Abstract: Heat cured, thermoset protective surface coating films applied to a substrate are produced preferably by a dual cure of a polymeric ionomeric binder comprising zinc modified carboxyl functional epoxy-ester polymers. The epoxy-ester polymer contains both carboxy and hydroxyl functionality and coreacts with a zinc salt selected from a zinc carbonate or an organic zinc salt having a pKa above about 3.0. Upon heat curing, the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups crosslink while the zinc forms a zinc cluster to produce a thermoset film.

Abstract: A strippable coating composition is shown for use as a temporary protective coating on a variety of substrates. The composition includes a water based polymeric emulsion which is dispersed in an aqueous carrier to form a stable emulsion. Release aids are incorporated in the composition which allow the protective coating to be removed by peeling or washing off with water.

Abstract: Apparatus for diluting and activating polymer molecules includes primary polymer dilution and activation apparatus, secondary dilution apparatus, and apparatus for diverting a desired amount of dilution water around the primary dilution and activation apparatus to the secondary dilution apparatus. The primary dilution and activation apparatus includes a cylindrical first processing zone in which the polymer and dilution water are initially mixed. The first processing zone subjects the polymer molecules to relatively high shear conditions for a relatively short period of time, after which the solution passes into a second cylindrical or annular processing zone in which the solution is subjected to continuously decreasing shear forces over a longer period of time. When the solution leaves the primary activation apparatus, it flows into the secondary activation apparatus, which is a static mixer.

Abstract: Process for the production of a composite material based on a polymer matrix comprising homogeneously dispersed therein an organic and/or inorganic filler, said process consisting in mixing together the aqueous dispersions of the single components, in which the dispersed particles of the dispersion have a surface charge of the same sign and "zeta potential" between 10 and 100 mV (in absolute value) and wherein the ratio (in absolute value) between the "zeta potentials" of the particles of each dispersion is between 0.2 and 5.