Abstract: The present invention relates generally to biocomposite materials made of cellulose and wheat bran and/or oat husk, prepared by methods comprising mixing the husk or bran with an aqueous alkaline solution, stirring and/or homogenizing the mixture, admixing with cellulose pulp and thermoforming the material under conditions admitting curing, thereby obtaining improvements in strength measured as at least one of strain at peak (%), stress at peak (%) and Young's modulus (MPa).

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions, systems, kits, and methods for preparation prior to a colonoscopy or other gastrointestinal procedure. In particular, the present invention provides a colon lavage system comprising an aqueous portion and a solid portion.

Abstract: A water-reducible coating composition includes a water-reducible polymer binder; water; and a ketal adduct of formula (1) as well as coated substrates and films formed from the compositions. The films are useful as paints, stains, and clear-coats.

Abstract: To provide an ink set, which contains: a treatment liquid containing at least an organic acid, a surfactant and water; and an ink containing at least a colorant, a water-soluble organic solvent, a carboxyl group-containing resin, a surfactant, and water, wherein the treatment liquid, or the ink, or both the treatment liquid and the ink further contain an epoxy resin.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an epoxy resin composition for semiconductor encapsulation, including the following components (A) to (F): (A) an epoxy resin; (B) a phenol resin; (C) a curing accelerator; (D) an inorganic filler; (E) a hydrotalcite compound; and (F) a carboxyl group-containing wax having an acid value of 10 to 100 mg KOH/g.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a water-soluble epoxy resin that has high water-solubility, maintains emulsion stability for epoxy resin, and is capable of forming a cured product that has excellent coating film strength corrosion resistance and water resistance. The present invention provides a water-soluble epoxy resin obtained by causing an epoxy resin (B) having two or more epoxy groups in a molecule to react with a carboxy-group-containing compound (A) obtained by reacting a polyethylene glycol monoalkyl ether (A-1) having a number-average molecular weight of 400 to 10000 and an acid anhydride (A-2) derived from a polyvalent carboxylic acid; a water-soluble epoxy resin composition containing the water-soluble epoxy resin and an epoxy resin having two or more epoxy groups in a molecule; and a water-based epoxy resin composition in which the water-soluble epoxy resin composition is dispersed in an water-based solvent.

Abstract: A water-reducible coating composition includes a water-reducible polymer binder; water; and a ketal adduct of formula (1) as well as coated substrates and films formed from the compositions. The films are useful as paints, stains, and clear-coats.

Abstract: Water-based coating composition comprising at least one resin composition for a water-based coating composition and as a rheological assistant at least one polyamide and at least one acrylate thickener based on poly(meth)acrylic acid.

Abstract: The invention relates to watery resin dispersions, a process for their manufacture, and a product. To make available resin dispersions that do not pollute the environment during their processing, while simultaneously generating products that have a high glass transition temperature, it is suggested that the watery resin dispersion contain at least components (I), (II) and (III), whereby R1: unsubstituted single or polynuclear aromatic rest or with amino groups and/or cyano groups and/or nitrile groups and/or with saturated and/or unsaturated aliphatic C2 to C12 carbon chains substituted single or polynuclear aromatic rests R2, R3 and R4: hydrogen, alkyl residue group with up to 15 C atoms or aromatic rest whereby R2, R3 and R4 can be equal to or different from each other, (II) is a co-dispersion agent based on epoxide resins and/or novolak resins and (II) one surfactant.

Abstract: An aqueous epoxy resin system AB is described comprising an aqueously dispersed epoxy resin A having, on the average, at least one epoxy group per molecule, and a water-soluble or water-dispersible curing agent B which comprises the reaction product of an amine B1 having at least one primary and/or at least one secondary amino group, an adduct B2 of a polyalkylene ether polyol B21 and an epoxide component B22, and an aromatic compound B3 having at least one acidic group selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, which system can be applied by rolling, spraying or brushing to provide corrosion protection on base metals.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of making an aqueous coating composition comprising an aqueous dispersion of an epoxy acrylate resin and a polymerized reactive diluent. The aqueous coating composition preferably has a volatile organic compound content of no greater than 0.4 kilogram per liter of solids.

Abstract: The present invention relates to aqueous coating compositions containing A) at least one aqueous emulsion polymer, B) one or more polymer dispersions as a dispersion medium, C) at least one pigment, D) optionally a neutralizing agent and E) optionally a coatings additive. The present invention also relates to a process for preparing these aqueous coating compositions by preparing a dispersion paste by mixing components B), C) and D) with some of component E) and then component A) and the remainder of component E) are homogeneously blended with the dispersion paste. The present invention further relates to peelable coatings prepared from these coating compositions for the temporary protection of surfaces.

Abstract: Low VOC aqueous coatings having excellent wetting ability are disclosed. The compositions comprise a film-forming resin in conjunction with an additive comprising a carboxylic acid, an amine, and an alcohol. Methods for making and using these compositions are also disclosed, as are the additives themselves.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrodeposition coating composition which has an excellent film forming property and which is excellent in performances such as a smoothness and an anti-corrosion performances even after storing over a long period of time. The electrodeposition coating composition comprises an ester compound selected from the group consisting of: (a) a diester compound of polyoxyalkylene glycol and aliphatic monocarboxylic acid, (b) a diester compound of polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether monoalcohol and aliphatic dicarboxylic acid and (c) a polyester compound obtained by reaction of aliphatic glycol having 2 or 3 carbon atoms, aliphatic dicarboxylic acid and aliphatic monoalcohol.

Abstract: A liquid epoxy resin composition includes (A) a liquid epoxy resin, (B) an optional curing agent, (C) a curing accelerator, (D) an inorganic filler, and (E) an indene-styrene or indene-chroman-styrene copolymer having a Mn of 200-2,000 in an amount of 0.1-20 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of components (A) and (B) combined. The indene polymer (E) is previously melt mixed with a part or all of the liquid epoxy resin (A) prior to compounding with the remaining components. A semiconductor device sealed with the cured product of the liquid epoxy resin composition remains reliable.

Abstract: Protease enzyme from Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus sp. Catalyzes the acylation of organic solvent-insoluble macromolecules in isooctane solution containing vinyl esters of fatty acids, lactones or lactides as acyl donors. The reaction occurs only when the enzyme is solubilized via ion-pairing with the anionic surfactant dioctylsulfosuccinate, sodium salt (AOT). Enzyme based acylation was demonstrated in macromolecules such as silk proteins. These macromolecules are reactive either as cryogenically milled powder suspended in the organic solvent or as a thin film deposited onto ZnSe slides. This selective acylation approach represents the first attempt at using enzymes to modify organic-insoluble macromolecules in nonaqueous media.

Abstract: Protease enzyme from Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus sp. Catalyzes the acylation of organic solvent-insoluble macromolecules in isooctane solution containing vinyl esters of fatty acids, lactones or lactides as acyl donors. The reaction occurs only when the enzyme is solubilized via ion-pairing with the anionic surfactant dioctylsulfosuccinate, sodium salt (AOT). Enzyme based acylation was demonstrated in macromolecules such as silk proteins. These macromolecules are reactive either as cryogenically milled powder suspended in the organic solvent or as a thin film deposited onto ZnSe slides. This selective acylation approach represents the first attempt at using enzymes to modify organic-insoluble macromolecules in nonaqueous media.

Abstract: A process for obtaining aminopolyamide-epichlorohydrin resins with a 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol content which is undetectable by ordinary means of vapor-phase chromatography. The process consists of passing the products resulting from the successive condensation of aminopolyamides and epichlorohydrin through two columns of activated carbon. In this way, aqueous resins are obtained which are free of toxic products, and which are particularly valuable as wet strength additives in the manufacture of papers for medical, cosmetic or food contact uses.

Abstract: A water-soluble thermosetting resin giving high wet-strength of paper and excellent preservation stability which comprises 20% by weight or less of components having a molecular weight of 10,000 or less; and a water-soluble thermosetting resin giving high wet-strength of paper in which, in a reverse mutation test carried out for the resin as the object to be tested using histidine-requiring Salmonella typhimurium TA1535 strain, the number of reversant colonies generated is less than twice the number of reversant colonies in the solvent control, treated only the solvent as a reference liquid are provided; and a process for producing an aqueous cationic thermosetting resin solution giving excellent preservation stability of the solution which comprises a step of reacting polyamidepolyamine and epihalohydrin, and a step wherein the solution obtained by reacting polyamidepolyamine and epihalohydrin is held at a temperature of about 30 to about 70° C. for a period, while adjusting the pH to about 2 to about 3.

Abstract: A process to provide an aqueous dispersion is provided comprising the steps of:a) emulsifying a mixture comprisingi) water,ii) at least one epoxy resin having a functionality of greater than 0.8 epoxide group per molecule,iii) from 0.1 to 20 weight percent, based on the epoxy resin, of at least one polyoxyalkylene surfactant, andiv) optionally an acetone-free solvent solution to produce a resin-surfactant emulsion; andb) adding a solvent mixture to said resin-surfactant emulsion, said solvent mixture comprising i) acetone and ii) a non-volatile hydrophobic liquid resin or resin modifier to produce the aqueous dispersion.

Abstract: Epoxy resins, particularly those based on bisphenol A, can constitute the principal film forming polymer component of a storage stable autodepositable composition wherein the particle size distribution of all the film forming polymers in the composition satisfies certain criteria of size distribution, and an accelerator component which is an acid, oxidizing agent or complexing agent is present in amount sufficient to provide an oxidation-reduction potential at least 100 mV more oxidizing than a standard hydrogen electrode. Such dispersions can conveniently be prepared using a two stage process in which a solution of the film forming polymers is emulsified into water to form a preliminary dispersion and this preliminary dispersion is subjected to at least one particle size refinement stage in which the preliminary dispersion is forced through a narrow aperture.

Abstract: An aqueous protective coating composition particularly useful for can coatings based on a polymeric binder comprises water dispersed diepoxide crosslinked microgel particles. The microgel polymer is produced by disposing in water a carboxyl functional, addition polymer modified, maleated glyceride oil copolymer and crosslinking aqueous disposed carboxyl copolymer with a low molecular weight diepoxide to form stable aqueous disposed microgel particles. The maleated glyceride oil can be modified by in-situ polymerizing ethylenic monomers with the maleated glyceride oil in the absence of water or in water to form either a water dispersed copolymer or an aqueous emulsion copolymer. The water disposed copolymer is subsequently heat reacted with diepoxide mixed with the copolymer to form aqueous dispersed microgel polymer particles.

Abstract: This invention relates to aqueous epoxy resin-containing compositions which are particularly useful for depositing coatings on freshly galvanized metals in order to protect the metal against white rust and provide a surface which is universally paintable. The aqueous compositions generally comprise (A) an oxidized alkyl ester of a dibasic carboxylic acid, (B) trivalent chromium, (C) hexavalent chromium, (D) an organic resin component consisting essentially of at least one water-dispersible or emulsifiable epoxy resin or a mixture of resins containing more than 50% by weight of at least one water-dispersible or emulsifiable epoxy resin, and (E) water, said composition being further characterized as being substantially free of strontium chromate.

Abstract: Versatile coalescing agents for water-borne coating applications are disclosed. The coalescents comprise propoxylated propylene glycol tert-butyl ether and one or more organic solvents, particularly glycol ethers. These coalescents efficiently reduce minimum film-forming temperature, and also have a dramatically reduced tendency to swell resins compared with prior art coalescents.

Abstract: Methods of continuously forming and suspending consolidatable resin composition coated particulate material in a gelled aqueous carrier liquid and transporting the coated particulate material by way of the gelled aqueous carrier liquid to a zone in which the sand is consolidated. In accordance with the methods, substantially continuous streams of a gelled aqueous carrier liquid, uncoated particulate material, a resin composition which will subsequently harden and a surface active agent are admixed wherby the particulate material is continuously coated with the resin composition and suspended in the gelled aqueous carrier liquid.

Abstract: A resin compatible size composition for glass fibers having a small fiber diameter is disclosed. The size contains a film former, a nonionic lubricant, a cationic lubricant, at least one silane coupling agent and at least one acid, such as acetic or citric acid. The sized glass fibers are compatible with epoxy and polyester resins and are useful in producing yarns which are then braided, twisted or woven to form structural reinforcements.

Abstract: A seed colorant useful especially in coloring seeds to distinguish same from those to be used for foods is formed of an aqueous medium such as water, a dye and/or pigment of a desired hue, and a binder resin composed of the salt of chitosan and an organic acid. The seed colorant may additionally contain spherical resin particles.

Abstract: Methods of continuously forming and suspending consolidatable resin composition coated particulate material in a gelled aqueous carrier liquid and transporting the coated particulate material by way of the gelled aqueous carrier liquid to a zone in which the sand is consolidated. In accordance with the methods, substantially continuous streams of a gelled aqueous carrier liquid, uncoated particulate material, a resin composition which will subsequently harden and a surface active agent are admixed whereby the particulate material is continuously coated with the resin composition and suspended in the gelled aqueous carrier liquid.

Abstract: A heat-sensitive color developable composition contains a color developing dye, an acidic material capable of developing the dye by heating and epoxy group-modified polyvinyl alcohol.

Abstract: An absorbent composition having excellent stability comprising an absorbent resin and 0.01 to 30 percent by weight, based on the dried weight of said absorbent resin, of a radical chain terminator.

Abstract: This invention relates to a chlorine-containing resin molding characterized by its stabilization by aminocarboxylic acid and from which molding substantially no metallic ion is detected, and to material for use with the chlorine-containing resin molding consisting of 100 parts by weight of chlorine-containing resin and 0.5-5.0 parts by weight of aminocarbolyxic acid. According to the molding and the material for use therewith, there is no possibility of metallic ion dissolving from the molding in which a metallic stabilizer is conventionally used, with the result that the molding finds wide application in the industrial field related with electric parts including a semiconductor as a main item, medical treatment, chemicals and pharmaceuticals, and food stuffs, all subject to adverse effects by dissolution of metallic ion. Consideration for application of a nonmetallic agent is also given to the use of a coloring agent and a lubricant with respect to the molding and the material for use therewith.

Abstract: A sizing agent for carbon fibers comprises a water-based dispersion of a mixture of constituents A, B, C and D to be described below at weight ratios of (constituent A)/(constituents B+C)=60/40 to 90/10, (constituent B/constituent C)=2/1 to 7/1, and (constituents A+B+C)/(constituent D)=85/15 to 97/3 where the constituent A is phenyl epoxy resin or aromatic nitrogen-containing epoxy resin, the constituent B is shown by the following expression (I): ##STR1## where X is a benzene residue or a diphenyl residue, n is an integer in the range of 1 to 5, Y is ##STR2## where q is an integer in the range of 4 to 50, p is 0 or an integer in the range of 1 to 5, l and m are such that 1/2.ltoreq.m/l.ltoreq.

Abstract: The invention provides a water-reducible coating composition comprising an epoxy resin, an amino group-containing curing agent for the epoxy resin and a watersoluble organic compound which occurs in at least 2 tautomeric forms, in one of which a labile hydrogen atom is linked to a carbon atom and which compound contains at least one carbonyloxy group or sulfonyl group.

Abstract: Aqueous coating composition comprising water insoluble resinous powder, aqueous resin, pigment and other optional additives including hardener, characterized by the fact that said water insoluble resinous powder is composed of a polymer obtained by reacting a mixture of epoxy resin and a resin having epoxy reactive functional groups, or a resin having both epoxy groups and epoxy reactive functional groups, with an amine in an amount sufficient to cause ring-opening of 10 to 50% of the total epoxy groups, or composed of carboxyl bearing resin admixed and reacted with high boiling basic compound. These compositions are excellent in storage stability, application characteristics and film performance.

Abstract: Sheet steel used for making the cores of electrical machines is improved as to its punchability by coating it with a heat resistant coating of a complex mixture of phosphates and resins compatible with acid phosphate ions. The coating contains between 60 and 95% by weight of the phosphates and between 5 and 40% by weight of the resins. The resins can be acrylic base resins, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resins, or thermosetting epoxy resins.

Abstract: The present invention relates to surface coating binders which are self-crosslinking when heated and are based on resin-like polyadducts, polycondensates or polymers. These binders have a mean molecular weight M.sub.n of from 500 to 10,000 and contain, on average per molecule, at least two groups of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are identical or different and are each hydrogen or a methyl or ethyl radical, and additionally contain hydroxyl and/or primary and/or secondary amino groups and may or may not contain tertiary amino groups.They can be prepared by reacting appropriate resins containing primary amino groups with cyclic carbonates, and can be used, in solution in an organic solvent, as baking finishes, as well as for the preparation of cathodic electrocoating finishes.

Abstract: Coating compositions comprising a polymeric polyol with a polyester crosslinking agent having at least two gamma and/or delta-hydroxyester groups per molecule are disclosed. The compositions, when applied to a substrate and cured in the presence of a transesterification catalyst, give solvent-resistant coatings.

Abstract: Certain alkali metal salts of organic diacids having one or more hydroxyl functional groups, as for example sodium and potassium citrate, provide improved adhesion of organic coatings electrodeposited on metal substrate. The new sanitary coatings are particularly useful for untreated aluminum and aluminum alloy cans used in the packaging of various food products including acidic foods like tomatoes, corn, and green beans which require in-can-sterilization.

Abstract: A cathode-depositing electrocoating composition which comprises as a film-forming component a carbon-to-carbon double bond containing resin having a principal chain of acetylene-conjugated diene random copolymer and a basic group, combined to the principal chain in a ratio of from 0.02 to 0.8 mol per 100 g of said resin and capable of forming in an aqueous medium a group of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, which are the same or different, are each a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a hydrocarbon residue having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 which are the same or different, are each a hydrogen atom or an organic residue having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or are combined to form together with the intermediary nitrogen atom a cyclic group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, and X is a hydrogen atom or a bond, and when X is a bond, both the carbon atoms carrying R.sub.1 and R.sub.

Abstract: Aqueous thermosetting coating compositions are disclosed characterized by reduced curing requirements and which produce coatings having superior cured properties. These coatings comprise water containing water miscible organic solvent and the compositions have dispersed therein, based on total resin solids, from 25% to 85% of carboxy-functional organic solvent-soluble copolymer salt with a volatile amine in which the copolymer contains hydroxy groups providing an hydroxyl value in the range of 30 to 300, from 5% to 40% of a water soluble or water dispersible aminoplast or phenoplast curing agent, and from 2% to 35%, of a water dispersible epoxy phosphate ester polymer which is an oxirane-function-free, salt reaction product of (1) a monoester reaction product containing residual epoxy functionality, of (a) a resinous polyepoxide having at least about 1.4 oxirane groups per molecule, and (b) less than 0.

Abstract: Paint coating material capable of cathodic deposition based on a vehicle mixture that has been made water-thinnable with acid and optionally customary additives, wherein said vehicle contains in combination(A) from 50 to 90% by weight of a polymer and/or polycondensate containing tertiary amino-groups and OH groups and having amine and hydroxy numbers of from 30 to 170 and 30 to 300 respectively;(B) from 5 to 40% by weight of a fully blocked polyisocyanate which is stable in the aqueous phase and becomes reactive again under the influence of heat, after dissociation of the blocking group; and(C) from 0 to 30% by weight of polymer and/or polycondensate containing primary and/or secondary OH- and/or amino-groups.

Abstract: Epoxy resin-diammonium salt emulsions are based on a liquid epoxy resin, a latent curing agent, and an emulsifier. The latent curing agent comprises diammonium oxalates and the emulsifiers are C.sub.8 - to C.sub.14 - alcohols and/or the adducts thereof with up to 10 ethylene oxide groups. A process for the production of such emulsions is provided. They are useful in epoxy resin mortars and epoxy resin-cement mortars, and for the sealing of concrete surfaces.

Abstract: An aqueous emulsion of epoxy resin or epoxy resin solution and mineral oil can be formed using a low level of predominantly non-ionic surfactant and an anti-static agent.

Abstract: Novel compositions of matter comprising a reaction product of a tannin and epoxy material are hereby provided. The novel reaction products can be dispersed in an aqueous or solvent medium for use as a treating or coating composition which imparts excellent corrosion resistance to metals and exhibits excellent substrate and intercoat adhesion.

Abstract: A monosecondary amine containing blocked primary amine groups is provided by reacting a monosecondary amine containing at least one primary amine group (such as diethylene triamine) with a ketone which is hindered to prevent reaction with secondary amino hydrogen atom (such as methyl isobutyl ketone) while removing water. This product disperses in water with the aid of a solubilizing acid to provide a solution which will emulsify a liquid polymer dispersed therein. The water hydrolyzes the blocked primary amine groups to restore reactivity. This product can also be reacted with 1,2-oxirane or isocyanate-functional polymers to provide products which are dispersible in water with a solubilizing acid. These dispersions will electrodeposit at the cathode.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to thermosetting binder compositions for coating, comprising:(I)(1) a non-acidic resinous compound, saturated, molecular weight at least 900, alcoholic hydroxyl content at least 0.2 eq/100 g;(2) a cross-linking agent comprising a nonacidic polyester of a polycarboxylic acid, having more than one beta-hydroxyl ester group per molecule, at least one of components (1) and (2) having an alcoholic hydroxyl functionality of more than 2, and(II) a curing catalyst comprising a transesterification-promoting metal compound which is insoluble in liquid hydrocarbons.These compositions can be used in solvent-based lacquers and paints, in coating powders, aqueous powder suspensions, in aqueous coating compositions for cathodic electrodeposition; for aqueous compositions component (1) (1) is preferably an epoxy resin/amine adduct.

Abstract: An improved process for the preparation of cationic resins derived from polyepoxides is disclosed. Typically, the process comprises contacting the polyepoxide with particular polyether polyols and heating the two together to form a resin which may then be reacted with a cationic base group former such as an amine and acid. Aqueous dispersions of the cationic resins prepared by the improved process are useful for coating applications, particularly cationic electrodeposition. They exhibit good low temperature cure response and the cured coatings have good physical properties such as resistance to water, detergent and salt spray corrosion.

Abstract: The present invention discloses cataphoretic electrodeposition of metal articles wherein staining or discoloration particularly of light colors is prevented or reduced. The electrodepositable compositions of this invention comprise aqueous cationic paint dispersions blended with polyacids; the polyacids are introduced into electrodeposition baths by the addition of the acids thereto.

Abstract: A process for preparing thermoset polymer spheres by polymerizing a thermosettable polymer such as a vinyl ester resin or an unsaturated polyester resin in water containing a suspending agent in the presence of a catalyst and an accelerator is improved by employing an organic suspending agent as the suspending agent.

Abstract: A sizing composition for use in a process of producing sized glass fiber strands that can be used in reinforcing polymers is provided. Also provided are the sized glass fiber strands, glass fiber reinforced polymers and processes for producing these materials. The sizing composition comprises one or more organo silane coupling agents, a major amount of the solids of the aqueous sizing composition is an epoxidized polar thermoplastic copolymer where there are three to about twelve parts of epoxy per 100 parts of the other comonomer and one or more nonionic, cationic or anionic lubricants. The sizing composition can also have one or more compatibilizing agents such as a polyvinyl-acetate-ethylene copolymer unsaturated polyester resins, polyvinylacetate homopolymer, epoxy polymers and epoxy polyester copolymers. The comonomers for the epoxidized polar thermoplastic copolymer are vinyl acetate, acrylates, polyurethane condensate monomer, polyester condensate monomer, and polyamide condensate monomer.