Abstract: A molding material for use with carbon dioxde, which comprises chlorinated polyethylene having a chlorine content of 25–47% by weight or a blend of chlorinated polyethylene with vinyl chloride-based resin, can be used as a suitable material for sealing materials in carbon dioxide-contacting apparatuses using carbon dioxide as a refrigerant. Addition of a specific silane coupling agent to the molding material can effectively prevent vulcanization moldings from blister generation.

Abstract: Disclosed is an energy absorbing compound comprising an epoxidized vegetable oil, a thermoplastic polymer and a prepolymer. The energy absorbing compound is a polymeric compound which exhibits low rebound velocity and hysteresis. The energy absorbing compound possesses good energy-attenuating properties and is capable of absorbing repeat shocks without structural damage.

Abstract: A dry liquid concentrate composition is disclosed having at least about 40% by weight of a polypropylene copolymer, at least about 10% by weight of santoprene, at least about 11% by weight of a low density polyethylene, at least about 0.5% by weight of a tall oil, at least about 0.5% by weight of a mixture of saturated and unsaturated fatty esters having modified organic acid derivatives, at least about 0.5% by weight of silicone, and at least about 20% by weight of a dry crumb rubber.

Abstract: A water- and oil-repellent, antistatic composition comprises (a) at least one polymeric salt consisting of (i) at least one cation having at least one polyoxyalkylene moiety bonded to a cationic nitrogen center, and (ii) at least one weakly coordinating anion, the conjugate acid of the anion having an acidity greater than or equal to that of a hydrocarbon sulfonic acid; (b) at least one fluorochemical repellent; and (c) at least one insulating material. The composition exhibits good antistatic and repellency characteristics.

Abstract: A molding material for use with carbon dioxide, which comprises chlorinated polyethylene having a chlorine content of 25-47% by weight or a blend of chlorinated polyethylene with vinyl chloride-based resin, can be used as a suitable material for sealing materials in carbon dioxide-contacting apparatuses using carbon dioxide as a refrigerant. Addition of a specific silane coupling agent to the molding material can effectively prevent vulcanization moldings from blister generation.

Abstract: A golf ball comprising a core and a cover layer, wherein at least one of the core or cover layer comprises a plasticized polyurethane composition comprising at least one polyurethane and at least one plasticizer.

Abstract: A carbon monoxide modified ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer composition is disclosed, having diminished tendency to cause discoloration on heating at 177° C. of a plastic composition whose major polymeric component is polyvinyl chloride, comprising carbon monoxide modified ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and an amount, effective in diminishing discoloration, of at least one inorganic perchlorate salt selected from the group consisting of alkali metal perchlorates and alkaline earth metal perchlorates.

Abstract: A flame retardant additive composition having enhanced thermal stability which comprises a blend formed from (A) tetrabromocyclooctane or dibromoethyl-dibromocyclohexane, or both and (B) halogenated aromatic epoxide and/or halogenated aromatic oligomer in which the halogen atoms are chlorine or bromine, or both, in an (A)/(B) weight ratio in the range of about 95/5 to about 60/40. Components (A) and (B) can be included to provide flame retardancy to various polymers especially styrenic polymers including foamed or foamable styrenic polymers, crystal styrenic polymers, impact-modified styrenic polymers, and blends of crystal styrenic polymers, impact-modified styrenic polymers. In all cases the thermal stability of component (A) is significantly increased by the copresence of component (B).

Abstract: An olefin-based thermoplastic elastomer composition comprising a thermoplastic elastomer blended with other resins and rubbers is provided. The thermoplastic elastomer contains polypropylene resin and an olefin-based copolymer rubber, and optionally, a linear polyethylene resin, and the thermoplastic elastomer has been crosslinked to a gel content of 95% or higher. A polyolefin resin, an olefin-based copolymer rubber and a softening agent are further blended with optional inorganic filler to provide the olefin-based thermoplastic elastomer composition. This composition is excellent in oil resistance and extrudability, and well-adapted for use as an energy-saving, resources-saving elastomer in applications including surface or skin material in autoparts, industrial mechanical parts, electric and electronic parts, and construction materials.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for plasticizing polyvinyl chloride polymers where the plasticizers contain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils and the fatty acids are substantially fully esterified with an alcohol (monool or polyol), the fatty acids having unsaturated bonds that are substantially fully epoxidized, and wherein the fatty acids are added substantially randomly to one or more hydroxyl sites on the alcohol. The plasticizers may be added in amounts between about 10 to 230 pph of PVC resin.

Abstract: By allowing a compound having an epoxy group in a composition containing at least a polymer or compound having a five-membered ring dithiocarbonate group represented by the following general formula (I) and a nucleophilic reagent, or in a cured article obtained by curing the composition, it is possible to inhibit emission of odors from the composition or the cured article, wherein R1, R2 and R3 are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group.

Abstract: A chlorine-free polyolefin-based plastisol or organosol and method for producing the same, where the plastisol or organosol includes: (a) a finely-dispersed polyolefin in (b) 60 to 800 parts by weight (based on 100 parts by weight polyolefin) of a dispersion medium containing monomers which are capable of polyaddition or are polymerizable and copolymerizable, and/or oligomers and/or prepolymers and optionally, liquid softeners; (c) an initiator system suitable for the desired polyaddition and/or polymerization; and optionally (d) up to 700 parts by weight inert fillers and other additives and auxiliary substances. The chlorine-free plastisol or organosol is storage-resistant at room temperature and gelates at high temperatures. The inventive plastisols or organosols are suitable for many applications and represent an advantageous alternative to the plastisols currently in use, e.g. PVC-based plastisols, since they guarantee a number of different combinations of properties.

Abstract: Heterocyclic tin compounds, useful as flame retardants and/or as smoke suppressants for halogen-containing polymers, e.g., polyvinyl chloride resins having application as wire and cable coatings, are obtained by reacting a trisubstituted triazine such as melamine with a tin-containing compound such as tin tetrachloride.

Abstract: A suspension, for use as an oilfield fluid, is composed of at least one ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, at least one surface active agent other than an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer and a bipolar solvent. The bipolar organic solvent has a boiling point higher than the melting point of the ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer. The polar and nonpolar groups of the bipolar organic solvent and the ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer(s) form a micellar self-assembly such that the polar groups and nonpolar groups of the ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer(s) are associated with the polar groups and nonpolar groups, respectively, of the bipolar organic solvent. The micellar self-assembly serves as a vehicle for the incorporation of the surface active agent(s) into a single multi-component blend. Suitable surface active agents include corrosion inhibitors, scale preventatives, demulfisying agents, paraffin inhibitors, gas hydrate inhibitors, flocculanting agents as well as asphaltene dispersants.

Abstract: A thermoplastic resin composition having 100 parts by weight of a resin mixture of (A) from 20 to 98% by weight of a polycarbonate resin and (B) from 2 to 80% by weight of a styrenic resin; from 0.1 to 20 parts by weight of (C) an epoxy-modified block copolymer; and from 0.5 to 20 parts by weight of (D) a grafted core/shell rubber elastomer, can be used in moldings which have a good surface layer peeling resistance and a good impact resistance. Further, a flame-retardant polycarbonate resin composition having 100 parts by weight of a resin or resin mixture of (A) from 20 to 100% by weight of a polycarbonate resin and (B) from 0 to 80% by weight of a styrenic resin; from 1 to 30 parts by weight of (E) a flame retardant of an organic phosphorus compound; and from 0.

Abstract: A polymeric film comprises at least one layer, the at least one layer comprising a vinylidene chloride composition, the composition comprising 100 parts, by weight of the composition, of a vinylidene chloride copolymer; between 0.1 and 10 parts, by weight of the composition, of a stabilizer; between 0.1 and 10 parts, by weight of the composition, of a lubricant; and between 0.1 and 10 parts, by weight of the composition, of a hydrophilic clay. Alternatively, a polymeric film includes at least one layer, the at least one layer including a vinylidene chloride composition, the composition including 100 parts, by weight of the composition, of a vinylidene chloride copolymer; between 0.1 and 10 parts, by weight of the composition, of a soap of a fatty acid; and between 0.1 and 10 parts, by weight of the composition, of a hydrophilic clay. A blister pack can be made from either film.

Abstract: A blend of an EPDM made with VNB instead of ENB and specified melt viscosity reducers is imbued with a unique ability to form a processable blend with a polyolefin phase in which PE is present in a major amount by weight relative to PP. In the substantially fully cured vulcanizate (TPV) of the blend the ratio of PE to pEPDM is in the range from more than 1:3 up to about 1:0.6. This blend is made processable with less than 200 phr of a processing oil in presently available commercial processing equipment by using an inert melt viscosity reducer which is compatible with the pEPDM and PE phases without being substantially miscible in either. A preferred melt viscosity reducer is chosen from (a) a polyolefin selected from the group consisting of isotactic poly(1-butene), ethylene-co-1-butene, propene-co-1-butene and ethylene-co-propene-co-1-butene; (b) oils and waxes having a solubility parameter in the range from about 19.5 to 21.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a process for improving the processability, storage stability and/or cure rate of an uncured silica reinforced rubber composition where silica comprises the major filler in the reinforced rubber composition, which comprises combining a mixture comprising, rubber, silica and at least one organic compound having a low molecular weight and a functional group wherein said functional group is at least an epoxy group, such as an epoxy/ether, epoxy/hydroxyl, epoxy/ester, epoxy/amine, ether/amine, episulfide, episulfide/ether, episulfide/ hydroxyl, episulfide/ester functional group located in a terminal or sterically unhindered position in ii the molecule of said organic compound where the molecular weight of said organic compound having a low molecular weight is less than 7,000, or the organic compound comprises an abietyl, styrenated resorcinol formaldehyde, or ester hydroxyl organic compound having a hydroxyl, ester, and optionally, an ether group, such as an ester diol.

Abstract: Compounds comprising a peroxide and a curable blend by peroxidic way, consisting essentially of hydrocarbon elastomers containing at least an acrylic monomer, and of unsaturated fluorinated elastomers obtained by dehydro halogenation of fluorinated VDF-based elastomers, said fluorinated elastomers having in the polymer chain at least 5% by moles of hydrogenated C1 groups of the type —CH—, —CH2— and/or —CH3, the amount of unsaturated fluorinated elastomer in the elastomeric blend being comprised from 1 to 99% by weight.

Abstract: An adhesion promoter comprises a polymeric strand with an epoxy-reactive group other than a phenolic hydroxyl group, and a crosslinking group that crosslinks the polymeric strand with a rubber in a crosslinking reaction, wherein the polymeric strand is water soluble in an amount of at least 10 g/l, and more preferably at least 100 g/l. Particularly contemplated adhesion promoters may further comprise styrene-butadiene-vinylpyridine copolymer, and may advantageously be employed as a replacement for resorcinol-formaldehyde latex in the fabrication of a rubber containing tire. Especially contemplated rubber compositions may additionally comprise maleinized polybutadiene to synergistically improve adhesion of the rubber to a polymeric fiber coupled via contemplated adhesion promoters.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composition comprising a) at least one polyolefin or vinyl polymer; b) at least one di- or poly-functional (co)polymer or (co)oligomer having a glass transition temperature of less than 10° C., wherein the functional group is a carbon-carbon double bond, an epoxy group, an amine group, a carboxylic acid group, a carboxylic acid ester group or a carboxylic anhydride group, an OH group, an SH group or an isocyanate group, and c) a multifunctional epoxide, which is different from the di- or poly-functional (co)polymer or (co)oligomer wherein the functional group is an epoxy group. The invention also relates to a method of improving the mechanical properties of polyolefins and to the polyolefin plastics articles produced thereby and to the use of di- or poly-functional (co)polymers or (co)oligomers having a glass transition temperature of less than 10° C. together with a multifunctional epoxy compound in improving the mechanical properties of polyolefins.

Abstract: A photo-curable resin composition for sealing material, which is superior in the photo-curing performance and in the prompt curing property and is better in the adhesive property, in the resistance to moisture permeation and in the heat resistance, the photo-curable resin composition comprising (A) a compound having oxetane ring, (B) a photoinitiator for cationic polymerization and (C) a silane coupling agent, wherein the composition has a viscosity in the range from 0.01 to 300 Pa.s at 25° C.

Abstract: A polymer composition comprising a) a thermoplastic polymer, b) a polyfunctional epoxy compound and c) an imidazolidone compound. The invention relates also to a method of improving the gloss of such polymers, to the polymers themselves with improved gloss, and also to the use of polyfunctional epoxy compounds and imidazolidones for improving gloss.

Abstract: An aqueous paint composition comprising: (i) an aqueous dispersion obtained by neutralizing with a neutralizing agent a hydrolytic condensation reaction product of (a) 100 parts by weight of an organosilane of the formula (1) R1nSi(OR2)4-n, wherein R1 is a C1-8 organic group, R2 is a C1-5 alkyl group, and n is 1 or 2, and/or its partially hydrolyzed condensate, with (b) from 5 to 200 parts by weight of a silyl group-containing vinyl resin having hydrolyzable silyl groups or silyl groups having silicon atoms bonded to hydroxyl groups and having an acid value of from 20 to 150 mgKOH/g, and adding water thereto, (ii) an amino group-containing alkoxysilane compound, and (iii) an epoxy group-containing compound.

Abstract: A precision product container of the present invention comprises a resin composition as a base material, which comprises a polycarbonate resin and an epoxy compound. Such precision product container can remarkably prevent products contained therein from being contaminated by chlorine and is suitable as a container for a precision product which is free from operational errors of the precision product contained therein when this product is subsequently assembled or processed.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a rubber composition with excellent workability, which gives vulcanized products with high wet skid resistance, low rolling resistance and high abrasion resistance, and a tire with those excellent properties. The rubber composition comprising a diene-based rubber (a), silica (b) and a compatibilizer (c). Said compatibilizer (c) is at least one selected from among (I) Aminosilane compounds; (II) Epoxy group-containing compounds; and (III)(IV) Compounds which have an amino group or a polymerizable unsaturated bond, together with a hydroxyl group, an epoxy group, an ether bond, a carboxyl group, an ester bond or a polymerizable unsaturated bond in the molecule.

Abstract: A liquid chemical formulation suitable for making a thin solid polycarbonate film contains polycarbonate material and a liquid typically capable of dissolving the polycarbonate material to a concentration of at least 1%. The polycarbonate material may consist of homopolycarbonate or/and copolycarbonate. Examples of the liquid include pyridine, a ring-substituted pyridine derivative, pyrrole, a ring-substituted pyrrole derivative, pyrrolidine, a pyrrolidine derativive, chlorobenzene, and cyclohexanone. A liquid film (36A) of the formulation is formed over a substructure (30) and processed to remove the liquid. The resultant solid polycarbonate film can later serve as a track layer through which charged particles (70) are passed to form charged-particle tracks (72). Apertures (74) are created through the track layer by a process that entails etching along the tracks. The aperture-containing polycarbonate track layer is typically used in fabricating a gated electron-emitting device.

Abstract: A norbornene resin composition comprising 100 parts by weight of a thermoplastic norbornene polymer and 1 to 150 parts by weight of a thermosetting resin.

Abstract: A bioerodible polymeric material, and in particular a semi-interpenetrating network (“semi-IPN”) alloy, is disclosed. A beneficial end use of this material is in the form of internal fixation devices (IFDs) (such as bone supports, plates, and pins) and as cured bone cements for bone repair. A multi-part bioerodible cement system, which, upon mixing of the system parts, forms a cured bioerodible cement, includes, in one part, a first bioerodible polymer (e.g., PLGA) capable of producing acidic products upon hydrolytic degradation, and, in another part, a second bioerodible scaffolding polymer (e.g., PPF) which upon crosslinking provides a biopolymeric scaffolding or internal reinforcement for the cured cement.

Abstract: Provided is a polyarylene sulfide resin composition for sealing electronic parts, which comprises (A) from 20 to 35% by weight of a polyarylene sulfide resin, (B) from 60 to 75% by weight of silica, and (C) from 1 to 10% by weight of an elastomer, and contains (D) from 0.05 to 1.2 parts by weight of an epoxysilane and/or (E) from 0.1 to 3 parts by weight of an epoxy resin, both relative to 100 parts by weight of the total amount of the components (A), (B) and (C). The composition has good PCT and TCT acceptable quality and good fluidity, naturally having good properties intrinsic to ordinary PAS resin, and which, when used for sealing electronic parts, causes neither deformation of bonding wires and other elements nor package breakdown, and is therefore favorable to materials for sealing electronic parts.

Abstract: Copolymerizates of methyl methacrylate and butyl methacrylate are used as plastisols in the automotive sector and as floor coverings. The invention describes a way to increase the storage stability of the plastisols by using small amounts of cross-linking agents.

Abstract: Silicone rubber compositions comprising (A) an organopolysiloxane having at least two silicon-bonded alkenyl groups, (B) finely divided silica, (C) an adhesive component, (D) a silicone-soluble organopolysiloxane resin component bearing at least one alkenyl group, (E) an organohydrogenpolysiloxane containing SiH groups in a specific mole ratio to the alkenyl groups in components (A) and (D) combined, and (F) a platinum group catalyst, exhibit excellent adhesion to synthetic woven fabrics for air bags. When coated onto woven fabrics and cured, the compositions provide air bag base fabrics of outstanding flexibility, sealability and deployability which remain stable over time.

Abstract: This invention relates to polymer-organoclay composite compositions comprising an thermoplastic organic polymer bearing amine groups, an organoclay containing quaternary ammonium ions incorporating at least two alkyl or cycloalkyl groups; and optionally one or more additional thermoplastic polymers, impact modifying agents and compatibilizing agents. The performance characteristics of the polymer-organoclay composite compositions are found to be closely linked to the structure of the ammonium cation present in the organoclay used. The compositions are suitable for use in the manufacture of molded articles.

Abstract: Aqueous emulsion polymer compositions stabilized with the reaction product of alkoxylated alcohols and an epihalohydrin or a trihaloalkanes.

Abstract: A halogen-free flame retardant resin composition comprising a radically polymerizable resin which is modified with a phosphorus-containing compound of the formula (1): in which R is a hydrogen atom or a group of the formula: —(CH2)n—R1 in that R1 is a group derived from a compound having at least two phenolic hydroxyl groups or epoxy groups, and n is an integer of 0 to 3.

Abstract: The present invention provides stable epoxy silane emulsions and methods for the preparation of such compositions comprising (I) a water insoluble or slightly soluble epoxysilane; (II) an emulsifier; (III) water; and (IV) a water dispersible polymer containing a functional group with an active hydrogen. Also provided are two part systems such that an epoxysilane emulsion comprising components (I)-(III) are combined and the component (IV) may be added upon use of components (I)-(III). Moreover, additional components (V), such as catalysts and pH buffers, may be added. Such compositions may be used for, among other things, coatings, adhesives and sealants.

Abstract: A thermoplastic resin composition having 100 parts by weight of a resin mixture of (A) from 20 to 98% by weight of a polycarbonate resin and (B) from 2 to 80% by weight of a styrenic resin; from 0.1 to 20 parts by weight of (C) an epoxy-modified block copolymer; and from 0.5 to 20 parts by weight of (D) a grafted core/shell rubber elastomer, can be used in moldings which have a good surface layer peeling resistance and a good impact resistance. Further, a flame-retardant polycarbonate resin composition having 100 parts by weight of a resin or resin mixture of (A) from 20 to 100% by weight of a polycarbonate resin and (B) from 0 to 80% by weight of a styrenic resin; from 1 to 30 parts by weight of (E) a flame retardant of an organic phosphorus compound; and from 0.

Abstract: Aqueous emulsion polymer compositions stabilized with the reaction product of alkoxylated alcohols and an epihalohydrin or a trihaloalkanes.

Abstract: A method for the production of a water-absorbent agent comprises mixing an absorbent resin containing a carboxyl group with an additive soluble in the aqueous solution of at least one member selected from the group consisting of inorganic acids, organic acids, and polyamino acids and a cross-linking agent capable of reacting with the carboxyl group. A water-absorbent agent obtained by adding from 0.005 to 8 parts by weight of an epoxy compound to 100 parts by weight of a water-absorbent resin, exhibiting an absorption capacity without load of at least 45 (g/g), an absorption capacity under load of 20 g/cm2 of not less than 30 (ml/g) and having a residue amount of an epoxy compound of not more than 2 ppm. A water-absorbent composition comprises a polyamino acid (salt) and a water-absorbent resin containing a carboxyl group.

Abstract: A stain/topcoat system for non-porous thermoset and/or thermoplastic articles comprises a pigmented stain, and a topcoat comprising one or more non-siloxane film-forming polymers, an emulsion of one or more curable organopolysiloxanes, a weatherability agent having a functional group that is reactive with carboxylate functional sites and water. The topcoat displays exceptional adhesion and weatherability to pigmented stained surfaces.

Abstract: Thermoplastic moulding compositions prepared from an ABS polymer and 0.05 to 5 wt. % (relative to ABS polymer) of a combination of zinc oxide and/or magnesium oxide and at least one compound containing epoxy groups.

Abstract: A composition comprising: polyethylene; as a scorch inhibitor, 2,4-diphenyl-4-methyl-1-pentene; as a cure booster, 3,9-divinyl-2,4,8,10-tetra-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane; and an organic peroxide.

Abstract: The invention relates to 4-aminopyrimidinediones and oxazolidino-4-aminopyrimidinediones of the formula I and II given below, a process for their preparation, their use for stabilizing halogen-containing polymers, and compositions composed of compounds of the formula I or II and of chlorine-containing polymers, in particular PVC.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composition comprising a) a styrene, &agr;-methylstyrene or p-methylstyrene homo- or copolymer; b) a bromine-containing flame retardant; c) a UV absorber; d) a sterically hindered amine and e) an epoxidized fatty acid. This invention also relates to the use of the light stabilizer mixture consisting of the components c), d) and e) for light-stabilizing a styrene, &agr;-methylstyrene or p-methylstyrene homo- or copolymer finished with a bromine-containing flame retardant as well as to a process for the light-stabilization thereof. Adding an epoxidized fatty acid to a UV absorber and a sterically hindered amine in styrene, &agr;-methylstyrene or p-methylstyrene homo- or copolymer finished with bromine-containing flame retardants results in an unexpected synergistic effect in the light stability. In particular, it is possible to markedly reduce the discoloration of the finished polymer which takes place in the course of irradiation.

Abstract: A method of preparing a coating or a sealant wherein a class of epoxysilanes; optionally, an emulsifier; water; a polymer containing a functional group with an active hydrogen; and a curing catalyst are mixed together.

Abstract: The present invention relates to rubber compositions containing borate compounds of the formula wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of alkoxy radicals having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms; R3 is selected from the group consisting of alkylene groups having from 1 to 15 carbon atoms and arylene and alkyl substituted arylene groups having from 6 to 10 carbon atoms; X is selected from the group consisting of and Y is selected from the group consisting of Sx and Sex where x is an integer of from 1 to 8.

Abstract: A polymer composition comprises a polymer matrix and a siloxane-containing additive which is substantially incompatible with the polymer matrix, wherein the siloxane of the additive has a hydroxy, alkoxy or epoxy functionality, and a functionality which is capable of bonding with a silicone elastomer-forming composition which is curable by a hydrosilylation reaction. The polymer matrix preferably comprises polyphenylenesulphide, and the additive preferably comprises hydroxy-terminated methylvinyl siloxane. The composition is capable of forming plastics articles to which cured silicone elastomers can adhere.

Abstract: The invention relates to jointing compounds which are based on vinyl ester-ethylene copolymers or on acrylate polymers in the form of their aqueous dispersions or of water-redispersible powders with, if desired, other additives, such as fillers, plasticizers, thickeners, dispersants, antifoams, preservatives, pigments and water, wherein the jointing compounds contain from 0.01 to 1.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the jointing compound, of alkylalkoxysilanes of the general formula SiRn(OR′)4−n, where n is from 1 to 3, R′ represents identical or different alkyl radicals or monoalkyl glycol radicals having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms and R represents identical or different alkyl radicals having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms which may, if desired, be substituted with a halogen such as chlorine, or with ether, ester, amide, hydroxyl, amino, carboxyl, epoxy, carboxylic anhydride or carbonyl groups.

Abstract: A liquid chemical formulation suitable for making a thin solid polycarbonate film of highly uniform thickness is formed with polycarbonate material, a liquid that dissolves the polycarbonate, and possibly one or more other constituents. The liquid is typically capable of dissolving the polycarbonate to a concentration of at least 1% at 20° C. and 1 atmosphere. The liquid also typically has a boiling point of at least 80° C. at 1 atmosphere. Examples of the liquid include pyridine, a ring-substituted pyridine derivative, pyrrole, a ring-substituted pyrrole derivative, pyrrolidine, a pyrrolidine derivative, and cyclohexanone. In forming the polycarbonate-containing film, a liquid film (36A) of the liquid chemical formulation is formed over a substructure (30). The liquid film is processed to largely remove the liquid and convert the polycarbonate into a solid film (38).

Abstract: The present invention provides an aqueous colored base coating composition (A) comprising a hydroxyl- and carboxyl-containing acrylic resin (A-1), a melamine resin (A-2), an alicyclic epoxy-containing compound (A-3), a neutralizing agent (A-4) and a coloring pigment (A-5). The present invention further provides a method for forming a topcoat which comprises applying the aqueous colored base coating composition (A) to a substrate and applying to the base coat an organic solvent type clear coating composition (B) to be cured by the crosslinking reaction between a carboxyl group and an epoxy group.