Abstract: The invention relates to dispersions which are obtainable from sheet silicates, a protective colloid and an aqueous dispersant and are suitable for the incorporation of sheet silicates into water-dilutable coating compositions. The dispersions according to the invention are obtainable using poly(propylene oxide) as the protective colloid, and the poly(propylene oxide) contains no hydrophobic terminal groups, has on average at least one hydroxyl group per molecule and may optionally contain up to 40% by weight of --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --O-- units.

Abstract: This invention relates to investment casting compositions comprising (i) a refractory material, e.g., a ceramic material, and (ii) a soluble core material comprising one or more block polymers characterized by an ABCBA structure. This invention also relates to methods for investment casting and to the manufacture of molded articles. The soluble core materials exhibit desirable breaking strength, dissolution rate and surface characteristics.

Abstract: There is disclosed a metallic and nonmetallic water borne base coat compositions exhibiting excellent appearance. A method for long term stability and the introduction of aluminum flake pigments into a water borne coating is also disclosed. The method is based on storing the aluminum flake in a solvent environment with introduction of the aluminum flake in to the aqueous environment just before appling the base coat coating. A water reducible acrylic resin with nonionic and acid functionality has been disclosed that allows for direct introduction of aluminum flake in to an aqueous environment. The coating vehicle is based on acrylic latex vehicle which exhibits excellent drying and film properties. The rheology control agent employed allows for a wetter application of the coating to the substrate. The coating compositions disclosed are also in compliance with current and proposed volatile organic compound regulations.

Abstract: There is disclosed a metallic and nonmettalic water borne base coat compositions exhibiting excellent appearance. A method for long term stability and the introduction of aluminum flake pigments into a water borne coating is also disclosed. The method is based on storing the aluminum flake in a solvent environment with introduction of the aluminum flake in to the aqueous environment just before applying the base coat coating. A water reducible acrylic resin with nonionic and acid functionality has been disclosed that allows for direct introduction of aluminum flake in to an aqueous environment. The coating vehicle is based on acrylic latex vehicle which exhibits excellent drying and film properties. The rheology control agent employed allows for a drier application of the coating to the substrate. The coating compositions disclosed are also in compliance with current and proposed volatile organic compound regulations.

Abstract: A rheological agent and thickener composition for aqueous systems, comprising a mixture of clay, such as hectorite, a synthetic polymer and a starch-type material. The mixture provides efficient thickening, sag resistance, spatter resistance and stability in water-based systems, particularly in latex-based coatings.

Abstract: A method for reducing the consistency of a water and gypsum stucco slurry comprising admixing water, stucco, and an additive, the additive in an amount effective to reduce the consistency of the admixed slurry as compared to a slurry containing only water and stucco, and the additive selected from the group consisting of one or more polyalkylene polyamines having a molecular weight below 1,000.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing a closing layer which improves the water and nutrient retention of soils, particularly of sandy soils, characterized in that a layer of clay mineral/polymer gel capable of binding and releasing water in a reversible manner is introduced into the soil, preferably 20-60 cm below the soil surface, in such a way that a clay mineral is reacted either before or after or during activation in the presence of water, with 0.

Abstract: Latex caulk compositions comprising 30 to 80% filler and 20 to 70% by weight of an emulsion polymer prepared for the interpolymerization of 30 to 70 parts by weight of a vinyl ester of an alkanoic acid; 15 to 60 parts of an alkyl (C.sub.2 and C.sub.8) acrylate or dialkyl (C.sub.2 to C.sub.10) maleate; 10 to 30 parts ethylene; 1 to 5 parts olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid; 0 to 5 parts polyolefinically unsaturated monomer and 0 to 8 parts of a copolymerizable functional monomer containing hydroxyl, amide or methylol substituents, (to total 100 parts by weight).

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions useful as thickening agents for aqueous systems. More particularly, it relates to compositions comprising smectite clays and cationic polymers.

Abstract: Aqueous coating materials are based on a mixture of(A) an aqueous secondary dispersion of carboxyl-containing copolymers of acrylates or methacrylates having an acid number of from 15-150 and a K value of 22-50, as a binder,(B) not less than 5% by weight, based on the binder (A), of pigments and/or fillers, each of which contains or consists of a calcium compound or magnesium compound, and(C) 0.1-10% by weight, based on the components (B), of a monoester of phosphoric acid whose alcohol component is derived from an alkoxylated C.sub.4 -C.sub.24 -alcohol, phenol or an alkylphenol,the concentration of the components (B) being from 2-70% by volume, based on the solids of (A) and (B).

Abstract: A method for preparing a high solids, aqueous paper coating composition which comprises adding dry particulate solids of a partially hydrolyzed, low molecular weight polyvinyl alcohol to a high solids, aqueous paper coating composition and mixing without external heating until dissolved, preferably by mixing the polyvinyl alcohol solids into the aqueous pigment dispersion followed by the addition of binders and other additives to make the paper coating composition.

Abstract: Cast ceiling tile requires a particular rheology of its wet formulation for the dried tile to have a desired aesthetic appearance. The use of a latex binder rather than starch for cast ceiling tiles imparts the necessary rheological properties to the wet ceiling tile formulation. The tile is prepared by blending mineral wool with a premixture of water, latex, and filler, said premixture having a sharp yield point when measured with a recording Brookfield Viscometer. The latex is an alkali-swellable latex comprising (i) a C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 .alpha.,.beta.

Abstract: A high polymer suspension including a polymer; a liquid carrier; a fibrous silicate material; and an organic derivative of clay. The polymer is preferably a polyacrylamide, the fibrous silicate material a chrysotile asbestos, and the organic derivative of clay, dimethylbenzloctadecyl ammonium hectorite.

Abstract: A casting process for the preparation of whiteware ceramic articles employs a polyalkylene polyamine, such as tetraethylene pentamine, as an additive to increase the casting rate. The additive can be employed, e.g., in slip casting, vacuum casting and pressure casting. Optionally, the additive includes a binder such as a styrene butadiene latex in an amount effective to maintain the green strength of the articles prepared in the casting process.

Abstract: A coating exhibiting superior resistance to petroleum products and an absence of known carcinogens as well as a method of preparing same is the subject of the present invention. The coating comprises a combination of a water slurry of filler material to which a latex polymer and coupling agent have been added together with a polyphenyl compound to which plasticizer and surfactant have been added. The water slurry comprises 40-60 weight percent water, 15-35 weight percent filler, 1-10 weight percent latex polymer, 0-2.0 weight percent coupling agent and up to 1 percent by weight colorant. The binder base comprises 10-50 weight percent tertiary or higher polyphenyls, 1-6 percent by weight compatible plasticizer, and 0.05 to 1.0 weight percent nonionic high molecular weight polyester surfactant and is heated. After heating, the binder base and water slurry are combined to form the composition of the invention. A thickener, adhesion promoter and bacteriostat may be added to the product.

Abstract: A stable fluid acidic concentrated aqueous slurry of positively charged particles of a calcined kaolin clay pigment wherein the dispersant is a water-soluble organic cationic material, such as a quarternary ammonium polyelectrolyte.

Abstract: A family of novel and unique synthetic alkali metal alumino-silicates (SAMS) are produced by the hydrothermal reaction between kaolin clay and alkali metal silicates. The integrated composition of the SAMS products is a unique entity having an overall composition ofxM.sub.2 O:Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 :ySiO.sub.2 :zH.sub.2 Owhere x is the number of moles of alkali metal oxide and is an integer from 0.01 to 2.0, M is an alkali metal, y is the number of moles of SiO.sub.2 in the unique SAMS composition, and z is the number of moles of bound water and is an integer ranging from 1.0 to 5.0. The composition essentially comprises altered kaolin clay platelets with an integral rim or protuberance of essentially amorphous alkali metal silicate-kaolin reaction product. The unique SAMS compositions are structured materials in which the structure can be controlled, and are therefore useful as functional fillers, as TiO.sub.

Abstract: A method, and aqueous emulsion, for coating a metal part with a peelable mask that is resistant to attack by the strong acid and strong base etchants used in chemical milling are disclosed. The method comprises contacting a polyvalent metal cation salt-surfaced part with an anionic emulsion for a time period effective to coat the part. The anionic emulsion includes coalescent rubbery particles and pigment and has a total solids content of at least about 10 weight percent. The weight ratio of pigment to rubbery particles is about 0.1:1 to about 2:1, respectively.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a coating composition for application to a flushable cellulosic based waterleaf sheet to impart transitory water repellency to at least one surface of the sheet. The composition comprises between 20% by weight to about 70% by weight of relatively large particle size delaminated clay in combination with a polyethylene based polymer that has been produced by the drying of a colloidal polyethylene in water composition with the said clay.

Abstract: A process for production of corrugated board using an aqueous adhesive which contains polyvinyl alcohol and clay, or polyvinyl alcohol, clay and water-soluble boron compound, the ratio of clay to polyvinyl alcohol being in the range of 200 to 600 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol, the ratio of water-soluble boron compound being not more than 15 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol, the solid content of the adhesive being 25 to 60% by weight characterized in that(a) a polyvinyl alcohol concentration in the solution excluding solid other than polyvinyl alcohol from adhesive being in the region bounded by the following formulas:Y.gtoreq.-0.0014 X+9.4 (i)Y.ltoreq.-0.0061 X+26.3 (ii)200.ltoreq.X.ltoreq.3500 (iii)wherein Y is defined by the following formula: ##EQU1## and X is degree of polymerization of polyvinyl alcohol, (b) the viscosity of the adhesive measured by a Brookfield viscometer being from 200 to 6000 centipoises at 85.degree. C.

Abstract: A flexible fibrous reinforced phenol-formaldehyde sheet molding compound capable of rapid curing to an infusible state.

Abstract: Synthetic swellable layer silicates corresponding to the following formulaMgO.aMA.bAl.sub.2 O.sub.3.cSiO.sub.2.nH.sub.2 O (I)in whichM is Na.sup.+ and Li.sup.+ having an Na:Li ratio of at least 1;A is F.sup.-, OH.sup.- or 1/2O.sup.2- or a mixture thereof;a is 0.1 to 0.6;b is 0 to 0.3;c is 1.2 to 1.7; andn is 0 to 3.0.are used in water-based well-servicing fluids as a high-temperature-stable thixotrope substantially unaffected by alkaline earth metal ions.

Abstract: An aqueous conductivising composition for conductivising paper or other sheet material, for example for producing a conductive base for use in dielectric paper or other electrostatic imaging material, is produced by (a) removing sodium magnesium trifluoride impurity (neighborite) from a synthetic hectorite clay conductivising agent, and (b) adding a binder. These measures reduce dust formation experienced in production or use of electrostatic imaging material incorporating a base which has been conductivised with a synthetic hectorite clay conductivising agent.

Abstract: Cast ceiling tile requires a particular rheology of its wet formulation for the dried tile to have a desired aesthetic appearance. The use of a latex binder rather than starch for cast ceiling tiles imparts the necessary rheological properties to the wet ceiling tile formulation. The tile is prepared by blending mineral wool with a premixture of water, latex, and filler, said premixture having a sharp yield point when measured with a recording Brookfield Viscometer. The latex is an alkali-swellable latex comprising (i) a C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 .alpha.,.beta.

Abstract: A pre-treatment of rough pigmentary mineral materials to eliminate the viscosifying effect of the swelling clays present in said materials used to condition said materials before refining them in an aqueous medium by abrasion or grinding. The method enables the production of refined pigmentary suspensions with a concentration of at least 75% by weight and low viscosity and stable over time. The pre-treatment agent is comprised of acid polymers and/or copolymers containing at least one carboxylate ethylenic monomer. Suspensions with high concentration of pigmentary mineral materials are prepared from the conditioned materials.

Abstract: A coating binder additive is prepared comprising a blocked glyoxal resin mixed with a vinyl or acrylic water soluble polymer which is reactive with free glyoxal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a binder and a method for making and shaping a green body of ceramic powder and subsequently producing a formed ceramic body. The method of the present invention comprises admixing a ceramic powder with a binder comprising a polyalkylene carbonate to form a ceramic-binder mixture. The binder of the present invention comprises a polyalkylene carbonate, preferably polyethylene carbonate or polypropylene carbonate.

Abstract: A method of coating a metal part with a peelable mask which is resistant to attack by the strong acid and strong base etchants used in chemical milling is disclosed in which the metal part is surfaced with a layer of polyvalent metal salt, such as calcium nitrate, and then immersed in a high solids content anionic emulsion of coalescent rubbery particles heavily pigmented to contain at least about 45% total solids content and at least 20% pigment, the pigment to binder ratio being from 0.75:1 to 1:0.51. The salt-surfaced metal part is held in the anionic emulsion until the desired coating thickness has been anodically deposited thereon, and then the coated part is removed and baked to complete the formation of the mask. The rubbery particles are preferably constituted by an anionic polychloroprene homopolymer emulsion which is used in admixture with a curing agent for the homopolymer, like zinc oxide, and a polyvinylidene chloride latex.

Abstract: An ink jet printing substrate particularly useful as a coating for paper for multi-color, water base ink jet printing consisting essentially of a high swelling montmorillonite clay, and optionally including a high surface area pigment, such as a synthetic silica or calcium carbonate and a water-insoluble binder.

Abstract: An elastomeric adhesive composition useful in resurfacing applications is provided. The composition includes a liquid dispersion of a polar latex resin binder, a chemical plasticizer, a volatile glycol ether solvent and a thickening agent. The binder is an emulsion of water and a polyvinyl acetate homopolymer with a polyvinyl alcohol protective colloid and is present in a concentration effective in adhering a resurfacing fabric to a surface wetted with the composition. The chemical plasticizer acts to plasticize and tackify the latex resin binder. The thickening agent is present in an amount effective to modify the viscosity of the composition so that it will not flow once applied to a surface. In addition, the invention comprehends a resurfacing composition and a method of resurfacing.

Abstract: Disclosed is a micro gel particle having a cationic charge, which is electrodepositable. The micro gel particle is obatined in the form of aqueous dispersion. The micro gel particle dispersion is prepared by a process comprisingemulsifying in an aqueous medium a resin composition comprising(A) 100 parts by weight of a cationic film-forming aqueous resin, and(B) 10 to 250 parts by weight of a thermosetting crosslinking agent which is self-crosslinked or crosslinked with said aqueous resin (A) in terms of condensation or addition reaction;parts by weight being based on the solid content of the resin composition, andheating the resultant emulsion to above a crosslinkable temperature of said crosslinking agent (B).

Abstract: An aqueous conductivizing composition for conductivizing paper or other sheet material, for example for producing a conductive base for use in dielectric paper or other electrostatic imaging material, is produced by (a) removing sodium magnesium trifluoride impurity (neighborite) from a synthetic hectorite clay conductivizing agent, and (b) adding a binder. These measures reduce dust formation experienced in production or use of electrostatic imaging material incorporating a base which has been conductivized with a synthetic hectorite clay conductivising agent.

Abstract: Aqueous redispersible powders which contain a water-soluble polymer and at least one organic silicon compound, in which at least 50 percent by weight of the organic silicon compound(s) used to prepare these powders are liquid or solid at room temperature at 1,020 hPa (abs.), have a boiling point of at least 150.degree. C. at 1,020 hPa (abs.), and contain an average of not more than 1.8 SiC-bonded organic radicals per silicon atom, and have at least one hydrogen atom bonded directly to silicon per molecule, or at least one hydroxy group bonded to silicon per molecule, or at least one hydrocarbon radical bonded to silicon via oxygen per molecule which may be substituted by an alkoxy group, or a mixture of at least two such condensable substituents in which the organic silicon compound(s) are used in an amount of at least 30 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the powder (calculated as anhydrous powder).

Abstract: A process whereby a smectite clay having a cationic exchange capacity of at least 50 meq./100 gm of clay is reacted with a quaternary ammonium compound to yield a cationic structure suitable as a thickener for aqueous suspensions, particularly latex paints and caulks. The general structure of the quaternary ammonium compound is typically a nitrogen atom bonded to four separated carbon chains where one chain can be a methyl or alkyl group containing 10 to 22 carbons, and the second chain an alkyl group containing from 10 to 22 carbons or a polyoxyethylene chain. The third and fourth chains are polyoxyethylene chains where the total munber of ethylene oxide units is from 5 to 200 moles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a non-hydrated bentonite intimately contacted with a polypropene, polybutene, or mixtures thereof to provide a formable and shapable non-aqueous bentonite composition particularly useful as a water barrier. The bentonite composition can be extruded in the form of a rope, rod, sheet or the like and is sufficiently tacky for adherence to a wall or conduit, floor or roof in areas of potential water flow to prevent the seepage of water through the bentonite composition. In one embodiment, the bentonite composition includes a polypropene and a polybutene and an elastomer, such as butyl rubber, having sufficient resilience to stretch or expand with the expanding bentonite upon hydration and to aid in maintaining the structural integrity and cohesiveness of the composition. In another embodiment, the composition comprises bentonite, an elastomer, and any plasticizer compatible with the elastomer.

Abstract: A casting mixture comprises a ceramic slip and a styrene/acrylic copolymer latex emulsion which provides unique properties and does not require firing.

Abstract: A thickening agent having improved resistance under alkaline conditions comprises a synergistic mixture of an acrylate polymer and bentonite. These thickening agents are useful in textile padding and drilling muds.

Abstract: A mortar for waterproof and protective coverings to be employed for building and road construction. The mortar comprises a mixture of an acrylic emulsion and finely ground clay which has been baked at a temperature range between 600.degree. C. and 1400.degree. C.

Abstract: Ceramic compositions comprising a ceramic material such as alumina, clay, a dispersant and a polymeric binder are prepared using as the polymeric binder a connected branch copolymer comprising a core segment, non-crosslinked branched polymer segments attached to the core segment and linear polymer segments connected to the branched polymer segments and bearing terminal groups capable of effecting hydrogen bonding. By using this form of polymeric binder, polymers of relatively high molecular weight can be used, thereby giving good green strength in the greenware, while still keeping the slurry viscosity relatively low.

Abstract: A method of temporarily inhibiting the swelling capacity of a water-swellable clay composition in contact with water includes mixing with a water-swellable clay a water soluble anionic polymer having a weight average molecular weight of about 2,000 to about 150,000 and water. The water soluble anionic polymers temporarily inhibit the swelling capacity of the water-swellable clays to decrease the viscosity of the clay slurry for transport, such as by pumping to a further treatment station such as a drier station. Also disclosed are the clay-water-anionic polymer compositions. The water soluble anionic polymers having a weight average molecular weight in the range of 2,000 to 150,000 temporarily will inhibit the swelling of a water-swellable clay so that the clay solids content of the slurry can be approximately doubled for treatment.

Abstract: A method of impregnating a water-penetrable article with a clay slurry includes temporarily inhibiting the swellability of the clay to unexpectedly increase the clay content and decrease the viscosity of the slurry to achieve a higher clay content in a clay-impregnated, water-penetrable article. The swelling capacity of a water-swellable clay composition in contact with water is temporarily inhibited for greater impregnation of the clay into the fibrous article by mixing with a water-swellable clay a water soluble anionic polymer having a weight average molecular weight of about 2,000 to about 150,000 and water. The water soluble anionic polymers temporarily inhibit the swelling capacity of the water-swellable clays to decrease the viscosity of the clay slurry to achieve a higher clay content or more efficient and faster clay impregnation into a water-penetrable, e.g. fibrous, article.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of clay mineral-containing gels with stabilized structure and reversible water absorption ability.According to the invention an aqueous suspension containing a thixotropic, activated, swelling clay mineral of three-layer structure and/or a swelling chain silicate is treated with a water soluble polymer capable of reacting with the clay mineral and/or chain silicate, the clay mineral:polymer:water ratios are determined at which the resistance of medium of the resulting suspension is at least ten times higher than that of the initial, polymer-free suspension, and then the components are reacted with each other in the pre-determined ratios.

Abstract: A process for sealing geological formations and mine stoppings by applying to these substrates an aqueous, non-cementitious caulk composition comprising an alkali metal silicate; filler material including at least one silica product or silicate other than an alkali metal silicate; a water-soluble or water-dispersible acrylic polymer modifier; and water, and allowing the caulk composition to dry to form an air flow resistant seal on the substrates. A highly satisfactory polymeric modifier is used in the form of a polymer emulsion, such as an emulsion of a self-plasticizing acrylic polymer having a low Tg.

Abstract: Dielectric coating compositions intended for application to conductive papers are disclosed. These coating compositions comprise a pigmented aqueous dispersion of a carboxyl-functional copolymer of copolymerized monoethylenically unsaturated monomers including form 8% to 18% by weight of monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, such as acrylic acid. The carboxyl-functional copolymer is dispersed in water with the aid of a volatile amine, such as ammonia, and the water dispersion is pigmented to contain calcium carbonate and/or clay in a pigment to binder weight ratio of from 0.5:1 to 6:1.

Abstract: A stencil printing ink is described, comprising 0.5 to 20% by weight pigment, 5 to 30% by weight extender pigment, 0.5 to 5% by weight water-soluble polymer (the viscosity of its 10% aqueous solution is at least 40 cps), 3 to 15% by weight (calculated as solids) o/w type resin emulsion, 5 to 20% by weight polyhydric alcohol and water. This ink can produce printed images without being affected by printing conditions such as temperature and application pressure. Thus, it is suitably used in stencil printing for non-professional or unskilled people.

Abstract: A feldspar containing protective composition for paving, coating, sealing and the like includes a dry component mixed with a liquid component in an amount necessary to produce a desired consistency of the composition. The dry component includes about 40-50% by weight of feldspar aggregate, about 35-40% by weight of a mineral powder, such as a pottery grade feldspar, up to about 15% by weight of masonry mortar and up to about 7% by weight of cement. The total amount of masonry mortar and cement is at least about 10% by weight of the dry component. The liquid component is formed of an adhesive copolymer in an aqueous emulsion, such as ethylene vinyl acetate.

Abstract: A method of printing textile fabrics, especially precolored fabrics of relatively dark shades, wherein a printing paste containing pigments and a heat curable binder is applied to selected areas of the fabric and the printing paste is thereafter dried and cured, said method being characterized by obtaining washfast, opaque printed areas substantially unaffected by the color of the underlying yarns, and by achieving high chroma, even on relatively dark background shades, said method comprising applying to the fabric an aqueous printing paste having a total solids content of at least 25 percent and comprising an aqueous dispersion containing a curable polymer binder, an opacifier containing at least one opaque pigment with minimal tinctorial value and a refractive index of less than 1.

Abstract: Pigment dispersions contain, as dispersing agent novel water soluble polymers containing acid groups, preferably polyacrylic acid or copolymers of polyacrylic acid with AMPS, having polydispersity below 1.5 and molecular weight in the range about 1,000 to about 5,000.

Abstract: Polymers derived by copolymerizing a hydrophilic vinyl monomer, such as acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, with at least one hydrophobic vinyl monomer, such as an acrylic acid ester, a methacrylic acid ester, a vinyl ester of a saturated monocarboxylic acid having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and the like, prepared in a suitable inert, low chain transfer, organic liquid medium, such as n-pentane, n-hexane, cyclohexane, and chlorofluorocarbons such as 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane, and neutralized by anhydrous ammonia while still slurried in the inert low chain transfer organic liquid medium, perform effectively as water loss additives for drilling fluids under high temperature conditions. Such water loss control additives are especially effective when employed in drilling fluids having high solids content. Other copolymerization techniques for preparing such polymers are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a nonhydrated bentonite intimately contacted with a polypropene, polybutene, or mixtures thereof to provide a formable and shapable non-aqueous bentonite composition particularly useful as a water barrier. The bentonite composition can be extruded in the form of a rope, rod, sheet or the like and is sufficiently tacky for adherence to a wall or conduit, floor or roof in areas of potential water flow to prevent the seepage of water through the bentonite composition. In one embodiment, the bentonite composition includes a polypropene and a polybutene and an elastomer, such as butyl rubber, having sufficient resilience to stretch or expand with the expanding bentonite upon hydration and to aid in maintaining the structural integrity and cohesiveness of the composition. In another embodiment, the composition comprises bentonite, an elastomer, and any plasticizer compatible with the elastomer.