Abstract: An improved finely divided rubber-reinforcing clay mineral composition can be produced by employing a hydrous kaolin clay surface treated with a functional silane, a methylene donor compound such as hexamethylenetetramine, and a multifunctional methylene acceptor such as resorcinol. A novel process of preparation is provided. The improved reinforcing, treated clay filler can be combined with natural or synthetic elastomer compositions which can be cured to elastomer products which have improved physical properties, such as modulus, tensile, tear, wear resistance and/or resistance to heat build-up.

Abstract: Compositions and methods that include a wax, in an amount of about 20% to about 99.95% by weight, containing an intercalate, or exfoliate thereof, in an amount of about 0.05% to about 80% by weight of the composition formed by contacting a layered phyllosilicate with an oligomer and/or polymer to sorb or intercalate the intercalant polymer or mixtures of intercalant polymers between adjacent phyllosilicate platelets. Sufficient intercalant polymer is sorbed between adjacent phyllosilicate platelets to expand the spacing between adjacent platelets (interlayer spacing) to a distance of at least about 5 .ANG., preferably to at least about 10 .ANG. (as measured after water removal) and more preferably in the range of about 30-45 .ANG., so that the intercalate easily can be exfoliated, sometimes naturally, without shearing being necessary.

Abstract: Intercalates formed by contacting a layered material, e.g., a phyllosilicate, with an intercalant monomer carbonyl-functional compound and/or a carboxylic acid-functional compound to sorb or intercalate the intercalant monomer between adjacent platelets of the layered material. Sufficient intercalant monomer is sorbed between adjacent platelets to expand the adjacent platelets to a spacing of at least about 5 .ANG. (as measured after water removal to a maximum of 5% by weight water), up to about 100 .ANG. and preferably in the range of about 10-45 .ANG., so that the intercalate easily can be exfoliated into individual platelets. The intercalated complex can be combined with an organic liquid into a viscous carrier material, for delivery of the carrier material, or for delivery of an active compound; or the intercalated complex can be combined with a matrix polymer to form a strong, filled polymer matrix.

Abstract: A water-dispersible organic clay complex in which a quaternary ammonium ion having both an oxypropylene unit and an oxyethylene unit is present in interlamellar space of an expansible phyllosilicate. This complex is excellent in dispersibility in an aqueous medium and generates excellent water resistance of the resulting coated film when used as a rheology control agent for an aqueous coating composition.

Abstract: Nanocomposites are manufactured by combining a host material, such as an organic solvent or a matrix polymer and exfoliated intercalates formed by contacting a phyllosilicate with a polymer to adsorb or intercalate the polymer between adjacent phyllosilicate platelets. Sufficient polymer is adsorbed between adjacent phyllosilicate platelets to expand the adjacent platelets to a spacing of at least about 5 .ANG., preferably at least about 10 .ANG. (as measured after water removal), up to about 100 .ANG. and preferably in the range of about 30-40 .ANG., so that the intercalate easily can be exfoliated, e.g., when mixed with an organic solvent or a polymer melt, to provide a carrier material for drugs and the like, or to provide a matrix polymer/platelet composite (nanocomposite) material--the platelets being exfoliated from the intercalate.

Abstract: An organic solvent-based paint is provided which has, among other things, a perlitic component. The paint resists thermal loading and loss. A series addition of components provides the paint efficiently. The paint is useful for many substrates, including metals.

Abstract: Organoclay compositions which comprise the reaction product of a smectite-type clay having an ion exchange capacity of at least 50 meq. wt. per 100 g. clay (active basis), and an alkoxylated quaternary ammonium compound having one or two alkoxylated chains containing 0-10 moles ethylene oxide and 3-15 moles of propylene or butylene oxide residues are useful thixotropic materials, especially for the preparation of aqueous systems.

Abstract: Intercalates formed by contacting the layer material, e.g., a phyllosilicate, with an intercalant polymer to sorb or intercalate the polymer between adjacent platelets of the layered material. Sufficient intercalant polymer is sorbed between adjacent platelets to expand the adjacent platelets to a spacing of at least about 50 .ANG. (as measured after water removal to a maximum of 5% by weight water), up to about 100 .ANG. and preferably in the range of about 10-45 .ANG., so that the intercalate easily can be exfoliated into individual platelets. The intercalated complex is combined with an organic liquid into an unexpectedly viscous carrier material, for delivery of the carrier material, or for delivery of an active compound, e.g., a pharmaceutical, or cosmetic, or lubricant, e.g., food guide lubricants dissolved or dispersed in the carrier material. Alternatively, the intercalated complex can be exfoliated prior to combination with the organic liquid.

Abstract: A composition for producing an unsaturated polyester is provided. The composition comprises an unsaturated polyester resin; cement; sand; bleaching agent; and curing agent.

Abstract: A coating composition for shielding plastic against electromagnetic interference (EMI) and radio frequency interference (RFI). The composition includes an aqueous dispersion thermoplastic emulsion, an aqueous urethane dispersion, a glycol-based coalescing solvent, silver-plated copper flakes, conductive clay and one or more defoamers.

Abstract: A composition is provided which comprises an acrylamide-containing polymer comprising repeat units derived from at least two monomers, a polypropylene glycol, and optionally, a polysaccharide. Also provided is a water-based composition which can be used as drilling fluid wherein the composition comprises calcium chloride, an acrylamide-containing polymer which has repeat units derived from at least two monomers, a polypropylene glycol, and optionally, a polysaccharide.

Abstract: A composition is provided which comprises an acrylamide-containing polymer comprising repeat units derived from at least two monomers, a polypropylene glycol, and optionally, a polysaccharide. Also provided is a water-based composition which can be used as drilling fluid wherein the composition comprises calcium chloride, an acrylamide-containing polymer which has repeat units derived from at least two monomers, a polypropylene glycol, and optionally, a polysaccharide.

Abstract: The invention relates to a water based binder for use in a slurry for investment casting. The binder includes a mixture of a colloidal silica sol and at least one latex polymer. The latex polymer is preferably an acrylic latex or a styrene butadiene polymer (or a combination of these) which reduces the processing time between dips during shell mold making for investment casting. The latex polymer further lowers a critical concentration point or gelation point of the colloidal silica sol. The binder may be used as a primary binder or a backup binder in the shell mold making process. To make the slurry, the binder is combined with at least one refractory powder, preferably a refractory powder selected from the group of: alumino-silicates, fused silica, quartz silica, alumina, zircon, and zirconia.

Abstract: Inorganic material particles are dispersed in an aqueous medium with surface charge adjusting additives to give a moderately stable slurry or pigment grind. The dispersion can be used to prepare fully formulated compositions. Products formulated using the aqueous dispersion can be prepared to give the same performance as products including inorganic material dispersed with conventional polyelectrolyte pigment dispersants, but with higher levels of inorganic material, or superior performance properties with like levels of inorganic material.

Abstract: The invention is a method for flocculating clay including the steps of preparing a dispersion of a processed clay containing a polymer as a flocculating agent. The polymer is present in an amount sufficient to cause bridging of particles of the clay in the dispersion by the polymer. Then the dispersion is mixed to cause the polymer to bridge the particles and the particles flocculate. The invention also includes a structured clay produced by this method.

Abstract: An aqueous-based, shear-thinning, erasable ink and a roller-ball pen containing same. In a preferred embodiment, the ink comprises a blend of three different non-carboxylated, styrene-butadiene aqueous emulsions, a water-insoluble or water-dispersible pigment and a shear-thinning, viscosity-adjustment agent in the form of a silicate clay. The ink further comprises an antioxidant preparation, which includes tocopherol and vitamin C, for use in extending the time period over which the ink remains erasable after being applied to a substrate, a shear-stabilizing agent in the form of potassium oleate for use in preventing unwanted coagulation of the styrene-butadiene copolymer due to shear, a pH-adjusting agent in the form of triethanolamine for shifting the pH of the ink to a pH of about 9-10, and an anti-drying agent in the form of a 3:1 mixture of sorbitol to glycerine.

Abstract: A process for preparing a liquid slurry of bentonite which comprises the steps of charging a reactor vessel with between about 25 to about 75% of water by weight. The water is heated to a temperature range between about 50.degree. C. to about 95.degree. C. The reactor vessel is charged with between about 0, 1 and about 10% of sodium salt of silicic acid by weight and with between about 15 to about 35% of bentonite by weight. The reactor vessel is also charged with between about 10 to about 30% of a polyacrylate by weight.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a multicolor paint formulation which is comprised of:(1) from about 5 to about 30 weight percent of a neutralized latex made by a method which comprises (A) free radical aqueous emulsion polymerizing at a pH of less than about 3.5 a monomer mixture which comprises, based on 100 weight percent monomers: (a) from about 45 to about 85 weight percent vinyl aromatic monomers, (b) from about 15 to about 50 weight percent of at least one alkyl acrylate monomer, and (c) from about 1 to about 6 weight percent of at least one unsaturated carbonyl compound; in the presence of about 0.5 to 4.0 phm at least one phosphate ester surfactant and in the presence of about 0.5 to 4.0 phm of at least one water insoluble nonionic surface active agent to produce a latex, and (B) neutralizing the latex with ammonia to a pH which is within the range of about 7 to about 10.5 to produce the neutralized latex;(2) from about 0.5 to about 10 weight percent of hectorite clay;(3) from about 0.

Abstract: A soil top dressing is comprised of a mixture of sand, clay, a plasticizer material, water, and a coloring pigment, if desired. The components of the soil composition are preferably present in the following proportions by weight: sand 50-70%; clay 10-40%; plasticizer 0.5-5.0%; water 5-20%; coloring pigment 1-5%; all coated with kelp meal granules (5-20%). The method of making the invention involves continuously mixing a portion of the sand and the plasticizer in an agitation mixer. The sand becomes coated with the plasticizer, whereupon a quantity of clay is then added, followed by an additional portion of the plasticizing material. It is particularly important that the sand particles become coated with the plasticizing compound and clay. The coloring pigments are added and mixed thereafter. The foregoing particles are thereupon coated with particles of kelp meal. As soon as complete mixing takes place, material can be immediately transferred from the mixer to suitable packaging.

Abstract: Intercalates formed by mixing the phyllosilicate with a polymer and a liquid carrier, and extruding the mixture through a die-opening to adsorb or intercalate the polymer between adjacent phyllosilicate platelets. Sufficient polymer is adsorbed between adjacent phyllosilicate platelets to expand the adjacent platelets to a spacing of at least about 10 .ANG. (as measured after water removal), up to about 55 .ANG. and preferably in the range of about 30-40 .ANG., so that the intercalate easily can be exfoliated into individual platelets by heating the polymer to its melting point, to provide a matrix polymer/platelet composite material.

Abstract: A slurry composition is described, which comprises 100 parts by weight of a raw mineral material for white ware and/or a raw mineral material for advanced ceramics, from 0.5 to 20 parts by weight of a re-dispersible resin powder, and water. A shaping using the slurry composition and a fired body are also described.

Abstract: An emulsion adhesion composition comprising a polyvinyl alcohol stabilized polymer emulsion; the polymer comprising 40 to 94.5% by weight of a vinyl ester of an C.sub.1 -C.sub.13 alkanoic acid, 5 to 40% by weight ethylene and 0.5 to 10% by weight N-vinyl formamide or N-vinyl pyrrolidone, the adhesive being characterized by superior adhesion and heat resistance.

Abstract: An aqueous, self-curing clay composition is cured to a ceramic-like state without firing. The clay composition includes a first elastomer capable of curing the composition to a ceramic-like state without firing and a second elastomer that cures upon the removal of water.

Abstract: A composition for coating wet rubber particles during extrusion and pelletization prior to drying comprising an inorganic partitioning agent, a thickener and binder reagent, water and a water soluble anionic dispersant, and the process for application to elastomers including those of low viscosity or high resin content to improve their processability during manufacture.

Abstract: Exfoliated layered silicate material derived from intercalates formed by contacting the layer material, e.g., a phyllosilicate, with an intercalant polymer to sorb or intercalate the polymer between adjacent platelets of the layered material. Sufficient intercalant polymer is sorbed between adjacent platelets to expand the adjacent platelets to a spacing of at least about 10 .ANG. (as measured after water removal), up to about 100 .ANG. and preferably in the range of about 30-45 .ANG., so that the intercalate easily can be exfoliated, e.g., when mixed with a thermoplastic or thermosetting matrix polymer melt, to provide a matrix polymer/platelet nanocomposite material--the platelets being exfoliated from the intercalate.

Abstract: A latex composition comprising, as a rheology modifier, an effective amount of a boehmite alumina having a crystal size (020 plane) of less than about 60 Angstroms and a surface area, when calcined to gamma phase, of greater than approximately 200 m.sup.2 /g, the boehmite alumina being present in an amount effective to obtain the desired rheological properties of the composition.

Abstract: A synthetic resin composition comprises an aqueous medium, a surfactant, and a resin and filler dispersed in the aqueous medium by the surfactant. The surfactant comprises a first high molecular weight compound having a weight-average molecular weight of at least 10000 and a second high molecular weight compound having a weight-average molecular weight of not less than 150 and less than 10000. In the synthetic resin composition, a solid material is well dispersed and the viscosity doesn't remarkably increase even if a solid content is increased. So, the increased amount of a non-volatile matter may be used and the storage stability improves. Further, flame retardation, deodorization, heat resistance and light fastness also improve. In addition, an interior material coated with the synthetic resin composition is provided.

Abstract: A method for dispersing ceramic materials in aqueous media is disclosed. The method uses water-soluble polymers as dispersants and may be used for dispersing various classes of ceramic materials, including oxide, carbide, and nitride ceramics. The method is useful for dispersing ceramic materials known to present difficulties in forming aqueous dispersions. The polymeric dispersant may be made using conventional polymerization techniques such as solution polymerization.

Abstract: A concentrated slurry comprises a high molecular weight polymer, a carrier, wetting agent, and dispersant. The slurry is characterized by its ability to reduce turbulent flow and skin friction thereby reducing drag of a vessel when the slurry is mixed with water and dispersed in a thin sheet along the surface of a vessel.

Abstract: A sprayable composition and a method of protecting material with the composition is disclosed. The composition comprises a polymer such as hydroxyethyl cellulose, clay, and water to provide a cover layer which, after spraying, is tough, flexible and water-repellent. Other materials such as shredded paper and gypsum can be used in the cover layer. The composition is effective as a cover layer over material such as soil, refuse at a dump site, or grain in a stockpile.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for manufacturing sheets having a highly inorganically filled matrix. Suitable inorganically filled mixtures are prepared by mixing together an organic polymer binder, water, one or more inorganic aggregate materials, fibers, and optional admixtures in the correct proportions in order to form a sheet which has the desired performance criteria. The inorganically filled mixtures are formed into sheets by first extruding the mixtures and the passing the extruded materials between a set of rollers. The rolled sheets are dried in an accelerated manner to form a substantially hardened sheet, such as by heated rollers and/or a drying chamber. The inorganically filled sheets may have properties substantially similar to sheets presently made from traditional materials like paper, paperboard, polystyrene, plastic, or metal. Such sheets can be rolled, pressed, scored, perforated, folded, and glued.

Abstract: Compositions, methods, and apparatus for manufacturing sheets having a highly inorganically filled matrix. Suitable inorganically filled mixtures are prepared by mixing together an organic polymer binder, water, one or more aggregate materials, fibers, and optional admixtures in the correct proportions in order to form a sheet which has the desired performance criteria. The inorganically filled mixtures are formed into sheets by first extruding the mixtures and then passing the extruded materials between a set of rollers. The rolled sheets are dried in an accelerated manner to form a substantially hardened sheet, such as by heated rollers and/or a drying chamber. The inorganically filled sheets may have properties substantially similar to sheets presently made from traditional materials like paper, paperboard, polystyrene, plastic, or metal. Such sheets can be cut, rolled, pressed, scored, perforated, folded, and glued to fashion articles from the sheets.

Abstract: A modeling dough comprising a polar polymeric resin, water, a gellant, and a filler provides a dough resistant to flaking, cracking, and crumbling. In the disclosed invention, the polymeric resin is gelled, thereby providing a water-based resin system that is not sticky yet very ductile. After the dough is air-dried, the components are bound into a solid, durable product. The filler accounts for a large portion of the volume of the dough, so the overall volume is not greatly affected by water loss upon drying. The dough is water-based and easy to wash from skin, carpets, and other surfaces. Dyes and pigments can be easily incorporated into the formula. The dried product is sandable and paintable.

Abstract: A liquid slurry of bentonite which comprises bentonite, water, a polyacrylate, and a sodium salt of silicic acid. Optionally, a sulfonate is present in an amount of between about 10 to about 30% by weight.

Abstract: A method of stabilizing polymeric lattices comprising the addition of an organophilic clay which, when properly activated and dispersed, sets up a network that will suspend the polymer particles and retard the settling process is disclosed. The network is easily destroyed by the application of shear, but then reforms when shear is removed.

Abstract: A thermosetting coating composition suitable for use in the production of coated and precoated metals comprises (A) a thermosetting resin-hardener mixture which is a mixture of at least one base resin and at least one hardener, (B) an aluminum silicate colloid which is a mixture of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 or Al(OH).sub.3 with SiO.sub.2, (C) a melamine cyanurate compound, and (D) a solvent in such an amount that the composition has a viscosity adequate for coating. Optionally a pigment and/or lubricant may be added.

Abstract: A resin composition comprising an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) having an ethylene content of 20 to 60 mol % and a water-swellable phyllosilicate, said water-swellable phyllosilicate being dispersed in the EVOH with a basal spacing satisfying the following condition (I)(x-y).gtoreq.2 (I)wherein x represents the basal spacing in angstrom of the water-swellalble phyllosilicate dispersed in EVOH and y represents the basal spacing in angstrom of dry powder of the water-swellable phyllosilicate.The resin compositions of the invention are useful in the manufacture of plastic films and containers for food packaging.

Abstract: There is disclosed a paper coating composition for use in preparing a coated paper for gravure printing, which composition comprises a suspension in water of 100 parts by weight, on a dry weight basis, of a pigment or mixture of pigments having a particle size distribution such that at least 75% by weight of the particles have an equivalent spherical diameter smaller than 2 .mu.m, and a latex the particles of which do not swell appreciably in water and which have an average size less than 0.2 .mu.m, the latex being employed in an amount such as to provide from 3 to 15 parts by weight latex solids and the composition being substantially free from any viscosifying, film-forming hydrophilic polymeric material.

Abstract: A photographic paper having a print retaining layer including a granular tooth providing ingredient in a binder polymer having a T.sub.g of 30.degree. to 65.degree. C. which is the addition product of from about 30 to about 98 mol percent of an alkylmethacrylate wherein the alkyl group has from 3 to 8 carbon atoms, from about 2 to about 10 mol percent of an alkali metal salt of a ethylenically unsaturated sulfonic or carboxylic acid, from 0 to about 65 mol percent of a vinyl benzene monomer and from 0 to about 5 mol percent of a crosslinking agent containing two ethylenically unsaturated bonds.

Abstract: A high-strength composite material obtained by kneading a mixture comprising a non-hydraulic inorganic material, a water-soluble polymer and water, molding the kneaded mixture, drying the thus molded material and, optionally, treating the dried molded material with an isocyanate compound, and a process for producing a high-strength composite material which comprises the steps of kneading a mixture comprising a non-hydraulic inorganic material, a water-soluble polymer and water, molding the kneaded mixture, and drying the thus molded material.

Abstract: A water absorbing particulate polymer material wherein the polymer material when in dry powder form has a particle size of about 50 .mu.m to about 500 .mu.m and wherein the particles consist of internally bonded finer particles which finer particles have a size below 50 .mu.m. The process of using the water absorbing polymer, material to convert a wet sticky mass of inorganic particulate such as coal fines into a crumbly or flowable solid. A process using a water absorbing particulate polymer material to convert a wet sticky mass of organic particulate material into a crumbly or flowable solid wherein the organic matter can be, for example, food waste or sewage.

Abstract: An aqueous dispersion of an acrylic polymer comprising acrylic polymer particles dispersed in an aqueous medium in which aqueous dispersion the acrylic polymer particles are composite particles composed of the core part and skin layer part of acrylic polymers having mutually different glass transition temperatures. The aqueous dispersion is useful for preparation of an aqueous coating composition excellent in normal-temperature and low-temperature resistance to chipping.

Abstract: A silicone rubber binder composition is provided which includes silicone rubber, silicone dioxide and an aggregate such as sand, gravel, cinders and the like. The silicone rubber is preferably an RTV silicone rubber which is solubilized using a solvent and mixed with the silicone dioxide and aggregate. The mixture may be spray applied to form a roofing coating or may be molded to form another building element such as a beam, post, block, shingle, wallboard or the like.

Abstract: There is disclosed a paper coating composition comprising, in aqueous suspension, an adhesive and a treated paper coating pigment prepared by the following process:(i) suspending a paper coating pigment in water to form a suspension containing at least 5% by weight of the pigment, the pH being adjusted, if necessary, to lie below 7.5;(ii) mixing with the suspension formed in step (i) a water-soluble organic compound having a plurality of primary and/or secondary amine groups and a number average molecular weight not greater than 1000; and(iii) at least partially dewatering the mixed suspension resulting from step (ii) to form a dewatered suspension of a treated paper coating pigment containing not more than about 30% by weight water;characterized in that the water soluble organic compound is added in step (ii) in an amount sufficient to decrease the 5 poise viscosity concentration of an aqueous suspension of the treated pigment relative to that obtained with the untreated pigment.

Abstract: A polypropylene molding composition which comprises, as the reinforcing substance, a clay mineral of specific composition shows an improved profile of properties compared with known polypropylene molding compositions reinforced with talc. The impact strength of molding compositions which have not been finished with impact modifiers increases considerably, while the strength, in particular the ball indentation hardness, of molding compositions finished with impact modifiers increases. Generally, an improvement in scratch resistance and surface quality is to be observed compared with molding compositions reinforced with talc.

Abstract: This invention is for a liquid remoistenable adhesive composition having suitable high temperature and high humidity properties comprising water and a combination of a partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol and a chemically inert, non-thermoplastic, cold water insoluble, particulate additive which is compatible and dispersible with the polyvinyl alcohol and provides resistance to hygroscopic blocking and thermoplastic blocking.

Abstract: There is provided an elastomeric composition including a kaolinitic clay mineral filler, characterised in that said kaolinitic clay mineral (a) is a hydrous kaolinitic clay mineral which has a content of non-exchangeable alkali metal cations not exceeding 10,000 ppm (parts by weight per million parts by weight of dry clay) and a content of exchangeable alkali metal cations not exceeding 750 ppm or (b) is a calcined kaolinitic clay mineral prepared by calcining a hydrous kaolinitic clay mineral having a content of non-exchangeable alkali metal cations not exceeding 10,000 ppm and a content of exchangeable alkali metal cations not exceeding 750 ppm.

Abstract: Copolymer of maleic anhydride and the polymerizable component of naphtha oil chiefly composed of indene and aromatic hydrocarbons having a reactive double bond, a resin modifier containing said copolymer as an effective ingredient, a dispersant containing a salt of the sulfonation product of said copolymer, an esterified product of said copolymer, and preferred processes for producing these products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for coating finish foils and endless edges, wherein an acid-curing aqueous coating composition, on the basis of aminoplast resin/compound containing hydroxyl groups/self-crosslinking acrylate dispersion, is applied and baked in. The coating composition used contains 5 to 20% by weight of one or more fillers of a mean particle size from 0.015 to 10 .mu.m, a maximum particle size of .ltoreq.40 .mu.m and a density of .ltoreq.2.9 g/cm.sup.3.The invention also relates to the coating compositions positions used in the process and to finish foils and endless edges produced by the process, which especially have the advantage of an extremely low formaldehyde emission, particularly as a composite with a low-formaldehyde chipboard.

Abstract: There is disclosed a metallic and nonmetallic water borne base coat compositions exhibiting excellent appearance. A method for long term stability and the introduction of aluminum flake pigments into a water borne coating is also disclosed. The method is based on storing the aluminum flake in a solvent environment with introduction of the aluminum flake in to the aqueous environment just before appling the base coat coating. A water reducible acrylic resin with nonionic and acid functionality derived from vinyl monomers having nonionic and urethane functionality has been disclosed that allows for direct introduction of aluminum flake in to an aqueous environment. The coating vehicle is based on acrylic latex vehicle which exhibits excellent drying and film properties. The rheology control agent employed allows for a wetter application of the coating to the substrate. The coating compositions disclosed are also in compliance with current and proposed volatile organic compound regulations.