Abstract: Disclosed herein are embodiments of a silicone-based foam material and composition and method embodiments for making the same. Also disclosed are embodiments of a silicon-based material that can be formed from the silicone-based foam material, as well as methods for making the same.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to tires, at least one internal layer of which exhibits good mechanical properties and reduced rolling resistance, the said internal layer comprising a rubber composition based on at least 80 to 100 phr of an isoprene elastomer, a reinforcing filler predominantly comprising carbon black, 1 to 45 phr of reinforcing resin, a salt of an alkaline earth, alkali or lanthanide metal, and a crosslinking system.

Abstract: A process for preparing a dispersion of inorganic oxide particles in polyester polyol by mechanically mixing of the inorganic oxide particles at a temperature of more than 160° C. with a polyester polyol having an acid number in the range of from 0.05 to 1.5.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing a medical instrument having a lubricating layer (a coating layer) exhibiting excellent durability (particularly, sliding durability). The method for producing a medical instrument is a method for producing a medical instrument having a base layer, and a lubricating layer that is carried on at least a part of the base layer. The method for producing a medical instrument also includes applying, to the base layer, a solution containing a block copolymer having a structural unit (A) derived from a reactive monomer having an epoxy group and a structural unit (B) derived from a hydrophilic monomer, an alkylammonium salt having 8 to 24 carbon atoms, and a solvent; and washing off the solution applied to the base layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to storage-stable pigmented formulations containing isocyanate groups, comprising at least one pigment a., at least one component b. containing isocyanate groups, at least one wetting agent and/or dispersant c., at least one isocyanate group-containing grinding resin d. and optionally solvents, wherein the formulation has a viscosity increase of less than 500% after storage at 50° C. over a period of at least 3 days. The invention also relates to the preparation of such formulations and to the use thereof.

Abstract: A resin block suitable for dental cutting work may include a resin matrix (A) and spherical filler (B) whose average particle size ranges from 230 to 1000 nm. When 10 mm thick and measured with a colorimeter, the lightness (V) is less than 5.0 and the saturation (C) is less than 2.0 in a Munsell color system of colored light on a black background and a white background. When 1 mm thick, the lightness (V) is less than 5.0 and the saturation (C) is 0.05 or more on a black background, but on a white background, the lightness (V) is 6.0 or more and the saturation (C) is less than 2.0 for Munsell colored light. Resin blocks can be used for dental restoration such that dental prostheses produced from the block not using a pigment/dye are compatible with natural teeth color tone, and the color tone compatibility endures.

Abstract: A polyarylene sulfide resin composition which yields a molded article with excellent toughness, as well as a molded article and an optical ferrule, which are produced using the polyarylene sulfide resin composition. In a polyarylene sulfide resin composition containing a polyarylene sulfide resin and silica particles, a specific amount of a polyarylene sulfide resin having a melt viscosity of 35 to 80 Pa·s, and a specific amount of silica particles having a lower content of coarse powders with a particle size of 45 ?m or more are employed.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to a method for preparing an adhesive composition, in which an aqueous phase comprising a modified colloidal silica is mixed with an organic phase comprising one or more monomers in the presence of an initiator, wherein conditions are maintained such that polymerisation of the one or more monomers occurs to form an aqueous polymeric dispersion, wherein; (i) the aqueous polymeric dispersion comprises polymer particles with protective colloid on their surface; (ii) the modified colloidal silica comprises colloidal silica particles with at least one surface-bound hydrophilic organosilane moiety and/or comprises colloidal silica particles with at least one additional element on its surface, the element being able formally to adopt a +3 or +4 oxidation state; and (iii) the initiator is at least partially soluble in water.

Abstract: Shaped gel articles that are formed within a mold cavity and that retain the size and shape of the mold cavity upon removal from the mold cavity, sintered articles prepared from the shaped gel articles, and methods of making the sintered articles are provided. The shaped gel articles are formed from a casting sol that contains colloidal silica particles that are treated with a surface modification composition that includes a silane surface modification agent having a radically polymerizable group. The sintered article has a shape identical to the mold cavity (except in regions where the mold cavity was overfilled) and to the shaped gel article but reduced in size proportional to the amount of isotropic shrinkage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a multilayered printed circuit board having excellent durability while having a thin thickness, a method for manufacturing the same, and a semiconductor device using the same.

Abstract: A method for enhancing wellbore integrity and/or for sealing a wellbore by sealing formation or micro-annulus fractures in a wellbore. Such sealing can be at least partially accomplished by the use of timed expansion of an expandable sealant material that is placed a wellbore. The expansion of the expandable sealant material causes the cement surface or formation surface to be compressed, thereby creating a tight seal and/or eliminating annulus cracking, fracture, and/or gas channels in the wellbore. A degradable polymer can be used when restoration of the wellbore formation is desired.

Abstract: An over-laminate film applied to a decorative surface is described. In particular the over-laminate film includes: a transparent resin base film having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface; a low gloss layer disposed on the first surface of the transparent resin base film; and a transparent adhesive layer disposed on the second surface of the transparent resin base film, the low gloss layer including a binder containing a resin, resin beads having an average particle size of 4 ?m or greater and 20 ?m or less, and nanosilica particles, the low gloss layer having surface glossiness of 5 GU or less at 60 degrees.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of producing a fabric product, the method comprising preparing an upper; preparing a lining fabric; layering a thermoplastic hot-melt film between the upper and the lining fabric for bonding the upper and the lining fabric; bonding a lining fabric to the upper, wherein the thermoplastic hot-melt film consists of the composition selected from the group consisting of thermoplastic polyurethane, ethylene vinyl acetate, polyamide and polyester compositions, wherein the thermoplastic hot-melt film further contains nanosilica, wherein a content of the nanosilica is 0.1 to 5.0 Parts per Hundred Resin (phr) and a size of the nanosilica is less than 100 nm.

Abstract: A rattle reduction device for a dial type shifting apparatus is provided and includes a damper provided to be fixed to a main housing, and a protrusion formed on a component configured to rotate with respect to the main housing and configured to reduce a return rotation speed of a shift dial by contacting the damper when the shift dial returns from a position of a Nd stage or a D stage to a Null stage or returns from a position of a Nr stage or a R stage to the Null stage, thereby reducing rattle.

Abstract: A rubber composition for a hollow ball includes a base rubber and an inorganic filler. A weight reduction rate TGA650 from room temperature to 650° C. and a weight reduction rate TGA850 from room temperature to 850° C. of the rubber composition are measured under an air atmosphere by thermogravimetry conforming to JIS K0129. The weight reduction rate TGA650 of the rubber composition is not less than 63% and not greater than 99%. A difference (TGA850?TGA650) between the weight reduction rates TGA850 and TGA650 of the rubber composition is not less than 0% and not greater than 7%. A hollow ball 2 includes a hollow core 4 formed from the rubber composition.

Abstract: Process for preparing a reinforced rubber composition, said process comprising the step mixing, at a temperature of at least 120° C., at least the following compounds: (i) a rubber, (ii) at least one inorganic filler, (iii) at least one organic peroxide, and (iv) at least one anti-oxidant selected from phenolics, para-phenylidene diamines, and nitroxides.

Abstract: A rubber composition is based on at least: from 60 to 100 phr of one or more diene elastomers, referred to as very low glass transition temperature (Tg) diene elastomers, exhibiting a Tg within a range extending from ?110° C. to ?70° C., chosen from butadiene homopolymers, copolymers of butadiene and of vinylaromatic monomer, exhibiting a content of vinylaromatic unit of between 0% and 5% by weight, and the mixtures of these; a reinforcing filler; crosslinking system; and from 50 to 150 phr of at least one hydrocarbon resin predominantly composed of units resulting from ?-pinene monomers, the resin exhibiting an aliphatic proton content of greater than 95%.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an inorganic composite, a method for producing the same, and a rubber composition for tires including the same. The inorganic composite according to the present disclosure is easy to handle, thereby improving safety of operators and productivity. Moreover, the inorganic composite makes it possible to uniformly disperse the inorganic particles in a rubber composition and to enhance the reinforcing effect. The rubber composition including the inorganic composite can be suitably used for eco-friendly tires requiring high efficiency and high fuel efficiency characteristics.

Abstract: Methods of forming an aqueous silica suspension are provided. The methods include admixing water, an organic acid, a silica powder, and a siliconate under certain conditions. The silica powder includes undensified silica powder in an amount of at least about 50% by weight and has a specific gravity in the range of from about 2.1 to about 2.5, a bulk density in the range of from about 12 lb/ft3 to about 40 lb/ft3, and a water requirement of from about 80 to about 250 at a pH in the range of from about 5.5 to about 7.5. Also provided are aqueous silica suspensions, hydraulic cement compositions, and methods of cementing in a well.

Abstract: Provide herein is an ink that can be coated onto a substrate such as a glass slide. The use of at least two distinct wax treated silica powders with different porosities provides the multipurpose functionality of thermal and inkjet printing onto an ink coated substrate for purposed, for example, of labeling.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire includes bead cores, a carcass ply, an inner liner, and a tread having a volume of the low density region of 35% or more at elongation by an applied stress of 1.5 MPa, a volume of the void portion of 7.5% or less at elongation by an applied stress of 3.0 MPa and a hardness of 65 or more and the crosslinked rubber composition of the present invention having a volume of the low density region of 35% or more at elongation by an applied stress of 1.5 MPa, a volume of the void portion of 7.5 or less at elongation by an applied stress of 3.0 MPa and a hardness of 65 or more are excellent in abrasion resistance.

Abstract: The present disclosure is drawn to leveling compositions, embossed print media, and methods of preparing embossed print media. The embossed print media can include a media substrate, an image-receiving layer applied to the media substrate at a coating weight of 3 gsm to 50 gsm, and a leveling composition layer. The image-receiving layer can include a pigment filler having an average particle size ranging from 0.1 ?m to 20 ?m and a polymeric binder, and in examples herein, is embossed. The leveling composition layer can be applied at a coating weight of 0.2 gsm to 3 gsm to the image-receiving layer, and can include a cationic ionene polymer.

Abstract: Described herein is curable composition comprising a halogenated amorphous polymer having at least 25% halogen by weight; at least 0.5 phr of an acid acceptor; at least 0.01 phr of silicon-containing compound; and a dehydrohalogenation cure system. Upon curing, a silicon-containing superficial layer forms, which can provide increased durability, non-tackiness, and a matte finish to the cured elastomer.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a sliding member, such as a sliding bearing, including a resin overlay layer having improved conformability. The sliding member includes a bearing alloy layer and a resin overlay layer formed on the bearing alloy layer, wherein the resin overlay layer includes a solid lubricant phase, a binder resin phase, and a cushion phase, and an area ratio of the cushion phase is 0.5% or more but 5.0% or less.

Abstract: A die assembly for forming a composite gap filler, including a first die having a first portion which extends along a first central axis of the first die and has a first curved surface which has a radius which changes as the first curved surface extends about the first central axis. A second die a second portion which extends along a second central axis of the second die and has a second curved surface which has a radius which changes as the second curved surface extends about the second central axis. A third die defines a third wall member which extends about the third die and which changes in width dimension wherein with the first die abutting the second die and with the third wall member abutting the first and second dies, a closed gap is formed.

Abstract: Controllable-cure urethane acrylate resin compositions are disclosed, comprising (A) a urethane acrylate having free hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylate prepared from a polyurethane prepolymer having a free terminal isocyanate group and a hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate, the urethane acrylate having free hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylate being the reaction product of capping the polyurethane prepolymer in the presence excess of the hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate, (B) a polyisocyanate-based thickening agent, and optionally an additional hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate, wherein the polyisocyanate-based thickening agent (B) and the urethane acrylate having free hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylate (A), and optionally the additional hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate, are present at NCO/OH molar ratio of from 0.2 to 10.0. Methods for making controllable-cure urethane acrylate resin compositions are disclosed.

Abstract: A functionalized polyolefin and a tire tread composition comprising the functionalized polyolefin is described. The functionalized polyolefin comprises a vinyl/vinylidene-terminated polyolefin in which the vinyl/vinylidene terminus is functionalized with an alkoxysilane or an alkylsilane and optionally having ether, hydroxyl and/or amine functionality. The invention is also directed to the synthesis of vinyl/vinylidene-terminated polyolefins, functionalization at the vinyl/vinylidene terminus with an alkoxysilane or an alkylsilane and optionally having ether, hydroxyl and/or amine functionality.

Abstract: Novel polylactic acid biopolymer systems and methods of producing products with polylactic acid biopolymers are disclosed. Products produced according to the systems and methods disclosed herein have enhanced deflection temperature and improved mechanical performance when compared to conventional injection moulding processes. Systems and methods for compounding polylactic acid biopolymer and creating an object using a polylactic acid biopolymer by extrusion and injection moulding process are described.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a method of manufacturing silicon dioxide nanoparticles modified by a polymer containing phosphorus and nitrogen, which relates to organic/inorganic hybrid nanoparticles, dispersing SiO2 in an organic solvent, then adding THPS, stirring, and finally adding p-phenylenediamine, reacting, centrifuging, washing, and drying to obtain silicon dioxide nanoparticles modified by a polymer containing phosphorus and nitrogen. The silicon dioxide nanoparticles modified by the polymer containing phosphorus and nitrogen have effects in flame retardancy, strengthening effect of polymer matrixes, and are expected to be widely used in the halogen-free synergistic flame retardancy of polymer materials.

Abstract: Provided are a substrate with a functional fine line having excellent optical properties and excellent adhesion of the functional fine line, and a method for forming the functional fine line. The substrate with a functional fine line according to the present invention has an undercoat layer including a hydrophobically modified polyester resin on the substrate, and has a functional fine line including a deposit of functional microparticles and having a line width of 1 ?m or more and 10 ?m or less on the undercoat layer. The method for forming a functional fine line according to the present invention includes forming an undercoat layer including a hydrophobically modified polyester resin on a substrate, and then forming a functional fine line including a deposit of functional microparticles and having a line width of 1 ?m or more and 10 ?m or less on the undercoat layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for removing dyes from textile effluents and other organic substances using nanocomposites based on zinc hydroxides and carboxylic acids capable of adsorbing and degrading. More specifically, the present invention consists of a method to generate new zinc hydroxide-based materials, which allows removal and degradation of methylene blue and other organic compounds from wastewater from industrial effluents, particularly those from textile industry.

Abstract: The invention relates to an article having a single- or multi-layered main body having elastic properties, in particular an air spring bellows, a metal-rubber element or a vibration damper. In order to improve its flame retardant properties, the main body of the article consists of or contains at least one layer D constructed from a rubber mixture which is free from halogen-containing flame retardants and contains a first aluminum trihydrate (ATH_1) and at least one further aluminum trihydrate (ATH_2) and at least one amorphous silicic acid having spherical particle geometry, wherein the first aluminum trihydrate (ATH_1) and the further aluminum trihydrate (ATH_2) each have a different particle size.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a silicone rubber compatible with human bodies. A silicone admixture according to the present invention comprises a millable silicone rubber, a silicone high polymer having no cross-linking site, a vulcanizing agent, and a rubber reinforcing silica. A cured product obtained by curing the silicone admixture has loss tangent (Tan ?) of 0.3 or more and 0.6 or less at 0° C. to 50° C. The millable silicone rubber can be a millable silicone rubber produced in a wet manner and having high tear resistance. The silicone high polymer can be a dimethyl silicone high polymer.

Abstract: To provide a means capable of suppressing the generation of gelation at the time of or after the addition of a silane coupling agent in the production of a cationically modified silica including modifying a silica raw material with a silane coupling agent. The present invention is a method for producing a cationically modified silica, including: mixing a silica raw material having a negative zeta potential with a silane coupling agent having an amino group or a quaternary cationic group; and reacting the silica raw material with the silane coupling agent to obtain a cationically modified silica, in which the cationically modified silica satisfies the following relational expression (1): X<Y??relational expression (1) in the relational expression (1), X is a pH value at which an isoelectric point is shown in the cationically modified silica, and Y is a pH value of the cationically modified silica.

Abstract: According to one aspect of the present invention, a dental curable composition includes: polymerizable monomers; inorganic particles (A1) and/or inorganic particles (A2) (excluding the inorganic particles (A2); and inorganic particles (B). The inorganic particles (A1) are surface-treated with a compound expressed by a general formula (1) and have a volume-median particle size of greater than or equal to 0.1 ?m and less than or equal to 0.9 ?m. The inorganic particles (A2) are surface-treated with a compound expressed by a general formula (2) and have a volume-median particle size of greater than or equal to 0.1 ?m and less than or equal to 0.9 ?m.

Abstract: A process for preparing precipitated silica comprising a reaction of a silicate with an acidifying agent to obtain a suspension of precipitated silica, followed by a step of separation to obtain a cake and a step of drying said cake, wherein a step of compaction of said cake at a pressure greater than 10 bars is carried out between the step of separation and the step of drying.

Abstract: A method for producing an acrylic resin-coated silica particle dispersion by (1), mixing and heating silica particles (A), an organic solvent (B) and a monomer having a polymerizable unsaturated group and a hydrolyzable silyl group (C) to obtain a polymerizable unsaturated group-containing silica particle dispersion (i), (2) adding a tertiary amine (D) with a molecular weight of 120 to 380 and having a terminal alkyl and/or aryl group, to the component (i) dispersion, to obtain a polymerizable unsaturated group-containing silica particle dispersion (ii), and (3) reacting the component (ii) dispersion with a polymerizable unsaturated monomer (E), in a solid mass ratio of (ii):(E)=20:80 to 90:10, to obtain an acrylic resin-coated silica particle dispersion.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are copolymers end-functionalized with functionalized silanes of specified structure, rubber compositions comprising the copolymer, and related processes for preparing the end-functionalized copolymer. The present disclosure also relates to tires having at least one component (e.g., a tread) containing the end-functionalized copolymer or a rubber composition thereof. The copolymer comprises 55-80% by weight of a conjugated diene monomer and 20-45% by weight of an aromatic vinyl monomer lacking any nitrogen substitution on its aromatic ring, wherein the total amount of conjugated diene monomer and aromatic vinyl monomer comprise 100% (of the total monomers in the copolymer), and the end-functionalization comprises at least one group having formula (I).

Abstract: This disclosure aims to provide a hose rubber composition capable of ensuring the flame retardance and simultaneously achieving both the tear resistance and the flexibility after vulcanization. The hose rubber composition of this disclosure comprises a rubber component and a carbon black, wherein: a chloroprene rubber is contained at an amount of 60 parts by mass or more in 100 parts by mass of the rubber component; the carbon black is compounded at an amount of more than 30 parts by mass and less than 80 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component; and the carbon black contains 13 mass % or more of a specific carbon black having an iodine adsorption of 100 to 160 mg/g and a DBP oil absorption of 70 to 180 mL/100 g.

Abstract: A powder composition includes a plurality of thermoplastic particles and a plurality of flow promoting particles having an optimized flow, coalescence, or both; and methods of preparing three-dimensional articles and methods of preparing a powder coating, and articles prepared by the methods are described herein.

Abstract: A rubber composition for a tire contains: per 100 parts by mass of a diene rubber containing 50 parts by mass or greater of an emulsion-polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber having a bonded styrene content of 30 mass % or less, from 20 to 40 parts by mass of a butadiene rubber, and WN parts by mass of a natural rubber, WT parts by mass of an aromatic modified terpene resin and WS parts by mass of a silica. A ratio (WN/WS) of a compounded amount of the natural rubber (WN) to a compounded amount of the silica (WS) is from 0.4 to 1.0, and a ratio (WS/WT) of the compounded amount of the silica (WS) to a compounded amount of the aromatic modified terpene resin (WT) is from 2.0 to 5.0.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polyamide molding compound comprising the following components or consisting of these components: (A) 50 to 95 wt % of a mixture comprising the specific polyamides (A1) and (A2); (B) 5 to 50 wt % of at least one glass filler having a refractive index in the range from 1.510 to 1.539; (C) 0 to 10 wt % of at least one additive; wherein the weight proportions of the components (A) to (C) add up to 100% by weight; wherein the content of (A1) in the mixture (A) is >50 wt %, if the ratio is ?2/?1>1 and the content of (A2) in the mixture (A) is >50 wt %, if the ratio is ?2/?1?1, where ?1=n(A1)?n(B) applies and ?2=n(B)?n(A2) applies; wherein the transparent polyamides (A1) and (A2) have a transparency of at least 90% and a haze of at most 3%; and wherein the mixture (A) has a transparency of at least 88% and a haze of at most 5%. The present invention furthermore relates to molded bodies composed of these polyamide molding compounds.

Abstract: A rubber composition based on one or more diene elastomer(s), on at least one reinforcing filler, on at least one coupling agent, on at least one chemical crosslinking system, wherein the reinforcing filler comprises silica in the form of essentially spherical nanoparticles, the specific surface area of this silica ranging from 30 m2/g to 250 m2/g. Also disclosed is a process for producing such a composition and also semi-finished or finished articles comprising at least one such composition.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a composition for use in a number of applications including tires. The composition comprises a blend of a rubber component, reinforcing particulate fillers, and based on 100 parts by weight (phr) of the rubber component; from about 5 phr to about 70 phr of a terpene phenol resin having a softening point temperature in the range of from about 100° C. to about 170° C. and having a hydroxyl value in the range from about 5 to about 30. In one embodiment, the terpene phenol resin has a number average molecular weight of from about 700 Da to about 790 Da, a weight average molecular weight of from about 930 Da to about 1090 Da, and a polydispersity index of from about 1.25 to about 1.45.

Abstract: A rubber composition for tires of the present technology contains a diene rubber, silica, and a predetermined alkyltrialkoxysilane; the diene rubber containing a butadiene rubber and a particular conjugated diene rubber, a content of the butadiene rubber in the diene rubber being 20 mass % or greater and a content of the particular conjugated diene rubber in the diene rubber being from 30 to 80 mass %; an average glass transition temperature of the diene rubber being from ?65 to ?45° C.; the particular conjugated diene rubber being a conjugated diene rubber produced by a particular production method and having predetermined ranges of aromatic vinyl unit content, vinyl bond content, and weight average molecular weight.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a resin composition which contains: (A) a saponified ethylene-vinyl ester copolymer; and (B) a cinnamate; wherein the cinnamate (B) is present in a proportion of 0.01 to 10 ppm based on the amount of the saponified ethylene-vinyl ester copolymer (A). Therefore, the use of the resin composition makes it possible to produce a film which is highly transparent, capable of absorbing ultraviolet radiation of a specific wavelength range (e.g., UV-B and UV-C having a wavelength shorter than 320 nm) and free from an odor problem and the like.

Abstract: This invention relates to a biodegradable polymer composition which is particularly suitable for use in the manufacture of articles having a high heat deflection temperature (HDT) by injection moulding and thermoforming.

Abstract: Provided are a rubber composition for treads which achieves a balanced improvement in fuel economy, abrasion resistance, and wet grip performance while offering good processability, and a pneumatic tire formed from the rubber composition. The present invention relates to a rubber composition for treads containing: a polybutadiene; and a terpene resin having a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 40° C. to 90° C., the polybutadiene satisfying the following conditions (A), (B) and (C): (A) a ratio (Tcp/ML1+4, 100° C.) of 5% by mass toluene solution viscosity (Tcp) to Mooney viscosity (ML1+4, 100° C.) is 0.9 to 2.3; (B) a stress relaxation time (T80) is 10.0 to 40.0 seconds, which is a time required for torque to decay by 80%, where 100% represents torque at the end of a ML1+4, 100° C. measurement; and (C) a molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) is 2.50 to 4.00.

Abstract: A tire 22 includes a plurality of ribs 68 aligned in an axial direction. A rib 68s, among the plurality of ribs 68, disposed on an outer side in the axial direction is sectioned into a body portion 74 and a side portion 76 by a groove 72 that extends in a circumferential direction. The tire 22 includes a tread 26 and a pair of sidewalls 28. The sidewalls 28 extend almost inward from ends, respectively, of the tread 26 in a radial direction. The tread 26 includes a base layer 52, and a cap layer 54 disposed outward of the base layer 52 in the radial direction. The side portion 76 is formed by the cap layer 54 and a corresponding one of the sidewalls 28. The sidewall 28 is stacked on the cap layer 54 in the side portion 76.

Abstract: A method for preparing a vulcanizable composition of matter, the method comprising mixing, within a first mixing step, rubber, silica, and silica coupling agent to form a first masterbatch composition, adding nicotinamide to the first masterbatch composition and mixing within a second mixing step to form a second masterbatch composition, and adding a curative to the second masterbatch composition and mixing within a final mixing step.