Abstract: Prepregs, cores and composite articles are described that comprise lighter weight materials and/or lower amounts of adhesive than commonly used. In some instances, one or more components of the articles may comprise a repellent material or repellent treatment to reduce the overall absorption rate of adhesive into the components of the article.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to an electrode-forming composition, to use of said electrode-forming composition in a process for the manufacture of a composite electrode, to said composite electrode and to a secondary battery comprising said composite electrode.

Abstract: A primer for an ETFE coating material containing: ethylene/tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE) particles; a heat-resistant resin; and a nonionic surfactant. The ETFE particles have an average particle size of 5.0 to 50 ?m. The heat-resistant resin includes at least one selected from polyamide-imide resin, polyethersulfone resin, and polyimide resin. The ETFE particles and the heat-resistant resin have a solid content ratio by mass of 60:40 to 90:10. The nonionic surfactant includes a polyoxyethylene alkyl ether surfactant. Also disclosed is a primer film obtained from the primer for an ETFE coating material as well as a coated article.

Abstract: A peroxide curable perfluoroelastomer comprising: recurring units derived from tetrafluoroethylene (TFE); recurring units derived from perfluoroethylvinylether (EVE), in an amount of between 2 and 17% by moles, with respect to total recurring units derived from TFE, perfluoromethylvinylether (MVE) and EVE; and recurring units derived from perfluoromethylvinylether (MVE), in an amount of between 23 and 35% by moles, with respect to total recurring units derived from TFE, perfluoromethylvinylether (MVE) and EVE. A process for its manufacture and its use for the manufacture of cured articles.

Abstract: A method for developing a non chemically amplified resist employs a developing fluid having a carboxylic acid compound, which is a carboxylic acid ester having branched chain alkyl groups and a total carbon number of 8 or greater, as a main component. It is particularly preferable for the carboxylic acid compound to be at least one of isobutyl butyrate, butyl isobutyrate, isobutyl isobutyrate, isoamyl isobutyrate, and 2-methylbutyrate 2-methylbutyl. It is also preferable for the non chemically amplified resist to be a resist having a copolymer of an ?-chloroacrylate ester compound and an ?-methylstyrene compound as a main component.

Abstract: The invention relates to fluoropolymer articles that have been irradiated with at least 5 Kilo Gray of radiation, where the resulting articles have low levels of leachable or extractable fluoride ion. The low fluoride ion migration from the irradiated article is due to the presence of low levels of metallic salts or oxides in the fluoropolymer composition. The invention is especially useful for fluoropolymer articles in which the fluoropolymer layer contacts a biological or pharmaceutical fluid, and that are subjected to sterilization by irradiation.

Abstract: A process is provided for polymerizing fluoromonomer in an aqueous medium, wherein a dispersion of essentially surfactant-free hydrocarbon-containing oleophilic nucleation sites is first formed in the aqueous medium, and then polymerization is commenced to form a dispersion of fluoropolymer particles at the oleophilic nucleation sites, wherein the nucleation sites can be derived from hydrocarbon-containing compound. The surfactant used to stabilize the fluoropolymer dispersion can also be hydrocarbon-containing.

Abstract: Modified carbon nanotubes are provided having carbon nanotube core covalently bound through C—C bonds to a polymer shell surrounding the carbon nanotube core. The polymer shell is a polymer having functional groups pointing outwardly from the shell. The functional groups are compatible with or able to covalently connect to another polymer. Such modified carbon nanotubes are more readily dispersed in a homogeneous manner in another polymer and may be used as a reinforcing filler in a polymer matrix. The modified carbon nanotubes with a core-shell structure in which the core has a substantially unidirectional orientation within the shell are produced by reacting neutral carbon nanotubes with 4-vinylaniline through a diazonium reaction in presence of one or more types of multifunctional monomers carrying a vinyl moiety and one or more functional groups for compatibilization with or connection to another polymer.

Abstract: A coating is disclosed, comprising the reaction product of: an epoxy silane; and an oligomer comprising MFMEMS wherein MF comprises a fluorinated (meth)acrylate, ME comprises an epoxy(meth)acrylate, and MS comprises a silane(meth)acrylate. Phototools comprising a layer of the coating on a substrate can be made. A method of making a printed assembly such as a printed circuit board is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing a vinylidene fluoride polymer solution, which involves dissolving heat-treated vinylidene fluoride polymer powder into an aprotic polar solvent. The heat-treated vinylidene fluoride polymer powder is obtained by heat treating raw vinylidene fluoride polymer powder at such a temperature that the temperature of the vinylidene fluoride polymer powder is not less than 125° C. to less than a crystal melting temperature (Tm) of the polymer.

Abstract: Described is a fuser member including a substrate and a release layer disposed on the substrate. The release layer includes a fluoropolymer having a plurality of metal fibers having a diameter of from about 5 nanometers to about 20 microns dispersed throughout the fluoropolymer. A method of manufacturing the fuser member is also provided.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for preparing block copolymers, comprising a step of controlled free-radical copolymerisation of trifluoroethylene with at least one additional monomer, different from trifluoroethylene, in the presence of a chain transfer agent, said chain transfer agent being a xanthate compound, a trithiocarbonate compound or a monoiodide compound. The invention also concerns the block copolymers likely to be obtained by this method.

Abstract: A fluoropolymer composition having a total luminous transmittance (TT) of less than 15%, when measured according to ASTM D1003 on a sample having a thickness of about 50 ?m, said composition comprising: at least one hydrogen-containing fluoropolymer [polymer (A)]; from 5 to 80% by weight of (A) of at least one inorganic pigment [pigment (I)]; and from 1 to 99% by weight of (I) of at least one per(halo)fluoropolymer chosen among tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) copolymers having a dynamic viscosity at a shear rate of 1 rad×sec?1 of less than 100 Pa×sec at a temperature of 280° C. [polymer (B)]. By adding polymer (B) to the composition based on polymer (A) it is advantageously possible to obtain an even dispersion of the pigment (I) so that a composition possessing outstanding opacity and still being processable under the form of films, so as to provide adequate mechanical properties, can be manufactured therefrom.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a polytetrafluoroethylene fine powder characterized by including the steps of (1) preparing an aqueous dispersion containing polytetrafluoroethylene, water, and a surfactant (A); (2) coagulating the polytetrafluoroethylene in the aqueous dispersion by agitating the aqueous dispersion with a discharge flow-type impeller; (3) collecting a wet powder of the polytetrafluoroethylene; and (4) drying the wet powder of the polytetrafluoroethylene.

Abstract: Provided is a process for producing non-aqueous battery electrode-forming binder solutions which includes a step of performing filtration with a filtration accuracy that enables suppressing of the occurrence of internal short circuits (shorts) in non-aqueous batteries such as lithium ion secondary batteries. The process includes a step (A) of filtering a polymer solution of a vinylidene fluoride resin in an organic solvent through a filter membrane (a) that is made of a polyolefin resin and has an initial filtration efficiency of not less than 99.9% for a filtering particle size of 20 ?m.

Abstract: There is provided a method for producing an aqueous dispersion of fluorine-containing seed polymer (B) particles, comprising a step for preparing an aqueous dispersion of fluorine-containing polymer (A) particles by polymerizing monomer comprising at least one fluoroolefin in an aqueous dispersion in the presence of a compound (1) represented by the formula: CH2?CHCH2—O—R, wherein R is a hydrocarbon group which may have an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom and/or a polar group, and (II) a step for seed-polymerizing ethylenically unsaturated monomer with the fluorine-containing polymer (A) particles in the aqueous dispersion of the fluorine-containing polymer (A) particles.

Abstract: In various embodiments an improved binder composition, electrolyte composition and a separator film composition using discrete carbon nanotubes. Their methods of production and utility for energy storage and collection devices, like batteries, capacitors and photovoltaics, is described. The binder, electrolyte, or separator composition can further comprise polymers. The discrete carbon nanotubes further comprise at least a portion of the tubes being open ended and/or functionalized. The utility of the binder, electrolyte or separator film composition includes improved capacity, power or durability in energy storage and collection devices. The utility of the electrolyte and or separator film compositions includes improved ion transport in energy storage and collection devices.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of manufacturing an organic-inorganic composite film. The method includes co-sputtering an inorganic target and a fluorine-containing organic polymer target, thereby simultaneously depositing atoms from the inorganic target and atoms from the fluorine-containing organic polymer target on a substrate. As such, an organic-inorganic composite film is obtained. The organic-inorganic composite film includes a homogeneous, amorphous, and nonporous material composed of carbon, fluorine, oxygen and/or nitrogen, and M. M can be silicon, titanium, aluminum, chromium, or combinations thereof.

Abstract: A carbon fiber composite material comprising 100 parts by mass of an elastomer, and 20 to 100 parts by mass of carbon nanofibers that have been oxidized and reduced in number of branch points. The carbon fiber composite material has a dynamic modulus of elasticity (E?) at 200° C. and 10 Hz of 10 to 1000 MPa, and a volume resistivity of 106 to 1018 ohms·cm.

Abstract: Use in LAN cable applications, as materials for the coating of the primary cable and for the external jacket, of TFE thermoprocessable perfluoropolymers comprising perfluoroalkylvinylethers in the following amounts, expressed as percent by weight on the total of the monomers: a) 0-5.5% of perfluoromethylvinylether (PMVE); b) 0.4-4.5% of perfluoroethylvinylether (PEVE) and/or perfluoropropylvinylether (PPVE); when a) is present, then a)+b) ranges from 1.5% to 5.5% by weight on the total of the monomers; optionally c) 0-6% of hexafluoropropene (HFP); the TFE amount being the complement to 100% by weight.

Abstract: In a first aspect, a liquid fluoropolymer coating composition includes a fluoropolymer selected from homopolymers and copolymers of vinyl fluoride and homopolymers and copolymers of vinylidene fluoride, a mixed catalyst, solvent, a compatible cross-linkable adhesive polymer and a cross-linking agent. The mixed catalyst includes a main catalyst and a co-catalyst. The main catalyst includes an organotin compound. In a second aspect, a fluoropolymer coated film includes a polymeric substrate film and a fluoropolymer coating on the polymeric substrate film. The fluoropolymer coating includes a fluoropolymer selected from homopolymers and copolymers of vinyl fluoride and homopolymers and copolymers of vinylidene fluoride, a compatible cross-linked adhesive polymer, and a mixed catalyst. The mixed catalyst includes a main catalyst and a co-catalyst. The main catalyst includes an organotin compound.

Abstract: A fluororubber composition which includes a fluororubber (A) and a carbon black (B). The fluororubber (A) is a vinylidene fluoride-based fluororubber including a structural unit (VdF unit) derived from vinylidene fluoride and a structural unit derived from at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of hexafluoropropylene (HFP), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro propylene, and perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether) (PAVE). The molar ratio of the VdF unit to the structural unit derived from at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of HFP, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro propylene, and PAVE is 50/50 to 78/22. The fluororubber composition has a difference ?G? (G? (1%)-G? (100%)) of not lower than 120 kPa and not higher than 3,000 kPa, where G? (1%) denotes a modulus of shearing elasticity at a dynamic strain of 1%, G? (100%) denotes a modulus of shearing elasticity at a dynamic strain of 100%, and G? (1%) and G? (100%) are determined by a dynamic viscoelasticity test.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a process for the manufacture of a composite separator for an electrochemical cell, said process comprising the following steps: (i) providing a substrate layer; (ii) providing a coating composition comprising: —an aqueous latex comprising at least one vinylidene fluoride (VdF) polymer [polymer (F)] under the form of primary particles having an average primary particle size of less than 1 ?m, as measured according to ISO 13321, and —at least one non-electroactive inorganic filler material; (iii) applying said coating composition onto at least one surface of said substrate layer to provide a coating composition layer; and (iv) drying said coating composition layer at a temperature of at least 60° C., preferably of at least 100° C., more preferably of at least 180° C. to provide said composite separator.

Abstract: Coatings includes about 60 weight percent to about 90 weight percent of one or more fluorinated polymers, about 1 weight percent to about 7 weight percent of one or more erosion resistant fillers about 3 weight percent to about 9 weight percent of one or more anticorrosive pigments, about 1 weight percent to about 4 weight percent of one or more thixotropic agents, and about 1 weight percent to about 4 weight percent of one or more porosity reducing filler materials.

Abstract: Provided herein is a prohealing piezoelectric coating and the method of making and using the same.

Abstract: An optical compensation film composition is disclosed herein wherein the optical compensation film is stretched to yield a negative A-plate having a refractive index profile of nx<ny=nz. or a biaxial polymer film having a refractive index profile of nx<ny<nz, the film having been stretched from a film cast from a polymer solution comprising a solvent and a polymer having a moiety of wherein R1, R2, and R3 are each independently hydrogen atoms, alkyl groups, substituted alkyl groups, or halogens, wherein at least one of R1, R2, and R3 is a fluorine atom, and wherein R is hydrogen or a substituent on the styrenic ring.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for making emulsions and emulsions, that in some embodiments can be considered to be Pickering emulsions.

Abstract: Use of an atmospheric plasma for the surface treatment of inorganic particles selected from the group consisting of particles of metal oxides, particles of metal carbonates, particles of metal sulfates, particles of metal phosphates, acicular particles, platy particles and fibrous particles,with a fluorine-containing precursor.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a method for manufacturing a foamed article, which comprises providing a composition comprising a melt-processable perfluoropolymer and talc, said perfluoropolymer comprising at least 50 percent by weight of said composition and said talc comprising about 2 percent to 3 percent by weight of said composition; wherein said melt-processable perfluoropolymer is selected from the group consisting of tetrafluoroethylent/perfluoromethylvinyl ether copolymer (MFA), hexafluoropropylene/tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (FEP), and perfluroralkoxy (PFA) and any blend thereof. The composition is heated to a processing temperature of at least 600° F. at which talc functions as a foaming agent, thereby causing the foaming of said composition at a foaming rate in a range from 20% to 50% so as to form a foamed article. The talc is the only foaming agent in said composition and the foaming is achieved without gas injection.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided that relate to weighted elastomers. The weighted elastomers may comprise an elastomer and a weighting agent attached to an outer surface of the elastomer. An embodiment includes a method of cementing that comprises providing a cement composition containing cement, water, and a weighted elastomer. In addition, the cement composition may be introduced into a subterranean formation and allowed to set therein.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of a fluoropolymer by means of emulsion polymerization of a reaction mixture in an aqueous medium is disclosed wherein the reaction mixture includes a fluoromonomer having the structure of wherein R1, R2, and R3 are each independently hydrogen atoms, alkyl groups, substituted alkyl groups, or halogens, wherein at least one of R1, R2, and R3 is a fluorine atom, and wherein R is each independently a substituent on the styrenic ring, n is an integer from 0 to 5 representing the number of the substituents on the styrenic ring; b) an emulsion stabilizer combination comprising: i) an anionic surfactant; and, ii) a cationic surfactant or a non-ionic surfactant; and, c) a free-radical initiator.

Abstract: There is provided a highly dielectric film which has high dielectric property, can be formed into a think film and is excellent in winding property (flexibility). The highly dielectric film comprises (A) a vinylidene fluoride polymer, (B) barium titanate oxide particles and/or lead zirconium titanate oxide particles, and (C) an affinity improving agent, wherein the barium titanate oxide particles and/or lead zirconium titanate oxide particles (B) and the affinity improving agent (C) are contained in amounts of 10 to 500 parts by mass and 0.01 to 30 parts by mass, respectively based on 100 parts by mass of the vinylidene fluoride polymer (A).

Abstract: The present invention provides an organic/inorganic composite film, which includes a poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and inorganic nano-platelets dispersed therein. A weight ratio of the PVDF and the inorganic nano-platelets is between about 97:3 and 20:80. The inorganic nano-platelets have a particle size of about 20-80 nm, wherein the organic/inorganic composite film has a transparency of greater than about 85% at a wavelength between 380 and 780 nm. In addition, a method for forming the organic/inorganic composite film is also provided.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for producing a fluororubber composition that is able to give a crosslinked article that exhibits not only heat resistance, but also excellent mechanical properties at high temperatures. A method for producing a fluororubber composition includes: a step (1-1) of mixing a fluororubber (A) and a carbon black (B) by means of an internal mixer until the maximum temperature reaches 80 to 220° C. so as to obtain an intermediate composition; a step (1-2) of cooling the intermediate composition to a temperature of less than 50° C.; and a step (2-1) of mixing the cooled intermediate composition until the maximum temperature reaches not lower than 10° C. but lower than 80° C. so as to obtain a fluororubber composition.

Abstract: Iodine containing amorphous fluoropolymers having at least one fluoropolymer with a cure site, where the fluoropolymer has a Mooney viscosity of 2 or less (ML 1+10) at 100° C. according to ASTM D1646, and a peel strength to a roll mill of 10 dN/cm or less and methods for making such iodine containing amorphous fluoropolymers are described. Articles derived from the cured product of such iodine containing amorphous fluoropolymers are also described. Solutions, dispersions and coatings derived from such iodine containing amorphous fluoropolymers are also described.

Abstract: Perfluoropolymer composites are provided which are obtained by dispersing layered-silicates having properties of swelling or cleaving in dispersion media in perfluoropolymers and having the ratio of the viscosity, V0.1, at 0.1 rad/sec by a parallel plate mode of a dynamic rheometer to the viscosity, V1, measured at 1 rad/sec is 1.5 or greater, viscosity being measured at 340° C. A method for making the perfluoropolymer composites is provided, and molded articles therefrom. And additionally, perfluoropolymer composites, where layered-silicates having properties of swelling or cleaving in dispersion media are dispersed in perfluoropolymers, with the storage elasticity of 2 times or higher than that of fluoropolymers, at temperatures greater than the glass transition temperature of perfluoropolymers.

Abstract: The present invention provides a complex-shaped fluororubber formed product having excellent demoldability in molding. The complex-shaped fluororubber formed product of the present invention comprises a cross-linked fluororubber layer obtainable by cross-linking a fluororubber composition containing a fluororubber (A) and a carbon black (B). The cross-linked fluororubber layer has a loss modulus E? of 400 kPa or higher and 6,000 kPa or lower determined by a dynamic viscoelasticity test (measurement temperature: 160° C., tensile strain: 1%, initial force: 157 cN, frequency: 10 Hz).

Abstract: The invention relates to surface enhancements for composite mouldings made from polymeric materials and to the use thereof in solar systems. These solar systems may be solar reflectors for concentrating solar radiation, flexible photovoltaic composite films, or CPV (Concentrated Photovoltaics) lenses for concentrating solar radiation. The surface enhancement comprises a self-healing coating based on crosslinkable fluoropolymers, e.g. PFEVE (polyfluoroethylene alkylvinyl ethers). These coatings exhibit good optical properties, can be used in outdoor applications, more particularly in solar applications, over very long periods of time, exhibit self-cleaning properties, and in particular are self-healing in relation to mechanical damage—such as scratching.

Abstract: To provide a fluorinated elastic copolymer composition, and a cross-linked rubber member obtained by crosslinking the fluorinated elastic copolymer composition, which is excellent in hot water resistance and steam resistance under severe conditions. A fluorinated elastic copolymer composition, which comprises a fluorinated elastic copolymer and a compound represented by the following formula (1) wherein the compound represented by the following formula (1) is contained in an amount of from 0.1 to 10 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the fluorinated elastic copolymer: (RCOO?)nMn+??(1) (wherein R is a C10-30 organic group, n is an integer of 2 or 3, and M is an alkaline earth metal, Zn, Cd, Co, Sn, Cu, Pb, Ni or Al).

Abstract: Provided is a vinylidene fluoride resin composition resistant to yellowing in the test for evaluation of durability of moist heat resistance, even when it is laminated directly on an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA)-based sealing material, and a resin film, a back sheet for solar cells and a solar cell module comprising the same. A vinylidene fluoride resin composition at least comprising a vinylidene fluoride resin having a peak value ratio of head-to-tail bond to head-to-head bond (head-to-tail bond/head-to-head bond), as determined by 1H-NMR, of 11.5 or less and a mass-average molecular weight (Mw) of 1.30×105 or more, and an antioxidant is processed into a vinylidene fluoride resin film having a thickness of 10 to 200 ?m. The vinylidene fluoride resin film and an electric insulating resin film such as polyethylene terephthalate-based film are laminated, to give a back sheet for solar cells.

Abstract: The present invention provides a perfluoroelastomer composition comprising: a perfluoroelastomer having a nitrogen-containing curing site; and a catalyst mixture comprising: a tertiary amine; and an organic dicarboxylic acid represented by general formula (1) or (2) in an amount of 0.4 to 2 mol per mol of the tertiary amine: HOOC—COOH??(1) HOOC-A-COOH??(2) wherein A in formula (2) is an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a phenyl group, which may be partially or fully fluorinated. Also disclosed is a perfluoroelastomer molded article obtained from the composition.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a composite material comprising a relaxor ferroelectric material and a hydrazine-reduced graphene oxide, wherein the weight ratio of the composite material to the hydrazine-reduced graphene oxide is 9:1 to 200:1. The composite materials have high dielectric permittivity and low dielectric losses and can be used to manufacture various high dielectric permittivity components.

Abstract: Hydrophobic coating compositions are provided as are processes to coat articles with the compositions. Extremely hydrophobic coatings are provided by the compositions. Compositions that include perfluorohexyl(meth)acrylate and a branched or high Tg monomer are provided as are articles coated with the polymerization product of the composition. Methods are also provided for forming hydrophobic coatings on articles.

Abstract: The present invention provides an organic dispersion of inorganic platelets, which includes an organic solvent and H-form inorganic platelets dispersed therein. The H-form inorganic platelets have a particle size of between about 20 and 80 mm and the organic dispersion has a sold content of between about 1 and 20 wt %. A method for forming the organic dispersion is also provided.

Abstract: A vapor-grown graphite fibers (VGGF) composition and a mixture containing the VGGF composition and applications thereof are provided. The VGGF composition includes a carbon ingredient containing a carbon content of at least 99.9 wt %. The carbon ingredient has a graphitization degree of at least 75%, and the carbon ingredient includes non-fibrous carbon and fibrous VGGF, wherein an area ratio of the non-fibrous carbon to the fibrous VGGF measured by a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is about equal to or smaller than 5%. The fibrous VGGF include graphite fibers having a 3-D linkage structure, wherein the content of the graphite fibers having the 3-D linkage structure in the fibrous VGGF measured by the SEM is about between 5 area % and 50 area %. The VGGF composition and its mixture are applied to the composite materials, thereby promoting the strength, electric and thermal conductivity of the composite materials.

Abstract: Highly water repellent coated articles may be made by applying to a substrate a coating having dispersed therein or sprinkled thereon partially or fully fluorinated polymer microparticles. The coating includes a partially fluorinated hexafluoropropylene copolymer binder in a nonfluorinated solvent that dissolves the binder and does not dissolve the microparticles. The coating is heated sufficiently to bond the microparticles to the binder but not so much as to cause the receding water contact angle for the coating to fall below 80°.

Abstract: An environmentally friendly backsheet for a solar cell, a method of manufacturing the same, and a photoelectric cell module are provided. The backsheet for a solar cell is manufactured by preparing an aqueous dispersion composition by dispersing a fluorine-based polymer in water, applying the aqueous dispersion composition to a substrate, and melting the aqueous dispersion composition. Therefore, compared to the conventional art using an organic solvent, an increase in production cost may be prevented, and the backsheet is environmentally friendly since an organic solvent having high toxicity is not used. In addition, the backsheet has better physical properties such as adhesive strength and color change stability under the extreme conditions (high temperature and humidity), compared to a backsheet for a solar cell commercially available in the current market.

Abstract: Polymeric composition based on a PVDF homopolymer and a thermoplastic fluorocopolymer Polymeric composition based on a PVDF homopolymer and a thermoplastic fluoropolymer offering an improved toughness/processability compromise, possessing an apparent melt viscosity not exceeding 60 000 Pa·s at a shear rate of 1 s?1, a ductile-brittle transition temperature below +5° C. and a weight loss in air at 150° C. of 5% or less. Pipes and fashioned articles prepared from this composition.

Abstract: Highly fluorinated ion-exchange polymers achieve dissolution in aqueous tetrahydrofuran at lower pressures and temperatures than in other solvents, with few or no side products being formed.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to compositions, baths, and methods for composite plating including polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and more particularly, to compositions, baths, and methods of composite plating with PTFE in a metal or alloy matrix where the materials used in the process contain no or essentially no PFOS (perfluorooctane sulfonate) and/or no PFOA (perfluorooctanoic acid).