Abstract: Thermoplastic molding compositions comprising A) from 40 to 96% by weight of a semiaromatic polyamide, B) from 2 to 30% by weight of a copolymer composed of B1) from 35 to 89.9% by weight of ethylene, B2) from 10 to 60% by weight of 1-octene or 1-butene or propylene or a mixture of these, and B3) from 0.05 to 5% by weight of functional monomers, where the functional monomers have been selected from the group of the carboxylic acid groups, carboxylic anhydride groups, carboxylic ester groups, carboxamide groups, carboximide groups, amino groups, hydroxy groups, epoxy groups, urethane groups, or oxazoline groups, or a mixture of these, C) from 1 to 50% by weight of fibrous or particulate fillers, or a mixture of these, D) from 0.1 to 10% by weight of D1) at least one highly branched or hyperbranched polycarbonate with an OH number of from 1 to 600 mg KOH/g of polycarbonate (to DIN 53240, part 2), or D2) at least one highly branched or hyperbranched polyester of AxBy type, where x is at least 1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel multi-functional nanocomposite additive made from rare earth element complex modified organic clay which is called MFNA and methods for making and using the same, particularly in applications of coating manufacture industry. Such MFNA-modified coatings have desired features and improved physical and mechanical properties comparing the current available coatings.

Abstract: The invention relates to a one-component structural adhesive having a flow limit of at least 1500 Pa and an initial adhesion of more than 30 g/cm2, which contains at least one thickening agent and/or at least one filler. The invention further relates to the manufacture of such one-component structural adhesives and to the use of one or more thickening agents and/or one or more fillers for the manufacture of solid to kneadable one-component structural adhesive compounds having high initial adhesion.

Abstract: Water-borne cross-linking polymeric compositions and related embodiments, such as methods of making and using the compositions, as well as products formed with said compositions are described. For example, the water-borne composition may comprise polymers incorporating cross-linking functionality such as, but not limited to, carbonyl or epoxy functionality, and a blocked cross-linking agent, for example, a hydrazone. The cross-linking functionality does not react with the blocked cross-linking agent; however, the blocked cross-linking agent is capable of reacting with the alternative form cross-linking agent such as, but not limited to, a hydrazide, to yield a cross-linked polymer. The alternative form cross-linking agent may be formed in an equilibrium reaction including the blocked cross-linking agent.

Abstract: A process for preparing crosslinkable oligomers comprising reacting at least one monomer having the structure: VHC?CHX, wherein more than 60% of such monomer or monomers has at least one crosslinkable functional moiety, and at least one monomer having the structure: WHC?CYZ at certain molar ratios and reaction conditions, in which V, X, W, and Z are predefined in the text. Curable coatings, sealants, and adhesives utilizing such crosslinkable oligomers and block, branched, star and comb-like graft crosslinkable copolymers derived from such crosslinkable oligomers are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for coating surfaces by treatment with a substantially paraffin-free aqueous formulation, comprising (A) at least one copolymer having a melt flow rate (MFR) in the range from 1 to 50 g/10 min, which comprises, incorporated in the form of polymerized units, (a) from 65 to 84.5% by weight of ethylene, (b) from 25.5 to 35% by weight of at least one ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, and which is at least partly neutralized with alkali metal, (B) at least one nonionic or anionic surfactant, (C) at least one antifoam, (D) if appropriate, at least one organic amine, (E) if appropriate, at least one organic solvent.

Abstract: An electronic device, such as a thin-film transistor, includes a substrate and a dielectric layer formed from a dielectric composition. The dielectric composition comprises a dielectric material and a low surface tension additive. The low surface tension additive allows for the formation of a thin, smooth dielectric layer with fewer pinholes and enhanced device yield. In particular embodiments, the dielectric material comprises a lower-k dielectric material and a higher-k dielectric material. When deposited, the lower-k dielectric material and the higher-k dielectric material form separate phases.

Abstract: The invention provides a coating comprising fumed silica particles, wherein the fumed silica particles comprise aggregates of primary particles, wherein (a) the primary particles have a bimodal or multimodal particle size distribution representing populations of particles having at least a smallest average primary particle size and a largest average primary particle size, and wherein primary particles having a smaller average primary particle size are attached to primary particles having a larger average primary particle size, or (b) the aggregates have a bi-modal or multi-modal aggregate size distribution, and a carrier. The invention additionally provides a method for preparing a coated article comprising the coating.

Abstract: The present invention provides filled aqueous caulk and sealant compositions made from high solids aqueous binders chosen from copolymers having a mixture of backbone acid and hydroxyl groups that are copolymerized from 0.5 to 7.5 wt. %, based on total monomer weight, of an hydroxyl group containing monomer, and mixed backbone acid copolymers that are copolymerized from methacrylic acid (MAA) with a second acid monomer having a lower pKa than the pKa of MAA. Preferred, compositions comprise one or more organosilane exhibit the adhesion and joint movement capability required by ASTM C-920-08, as well as good weatherability and aged wet adhesion to glass, even at a filler to binder ratio of 0.2:1 to 4:1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel organic-inorganic silica particles, a preparation method thereof, and a hard coating composition containing the same, and more specifically, to organic-inorganic silica particles wherein an initiator is chemically bonded to hydroxyl groups (—OH) on the surface of the silica particles, a preparation method thereof, and a hard coating composition containing the same. A hard coating film with excellent abrasion resistance, scratch resistance and the like can be prepared by using the hard coating composition containing the organic-inorganic silica particles according to the present invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of composite materials as thickening agents for aqueous solutions, said material comprising carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and at least one hydrophilic (co)polymers. The invention relates more particularly to the use of the materials described above as thickening agents n one of the fields chosen: from the following: the papermaking field, the oil field and also the fields of paint, water treatment, detergents, ceramics, cements, or hydraulic binders, civil engineering, inks and varnishes, and textile sizing.

Abstract: An ink-jet recording pigment ink comprises water, a pigment, a water-soluble organic solvent and a copolymer; the copolymer being obtained by copolymerizing a silicone type macromer having a vinyl group, represented by the following Formula (1), a vinyl monomer having a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, represented by the following Formula (2), and a monomer having an anionic functional group.

Abstract: An adhesive composition for polarizing plates in which an acrylic polymer, a tin compound having a dialkyl group and serving as a cross-linking accelerator and an isocyanate cross-linker are dissolved in an organic solvent, the acrylic polymer being formed by copolymerization of monomers containing an alkyl (meth)acrylate, a hydroxyl group containing monomer and/or a carboxyl group containing monomer, wherein preferably, a solution containing 30% by weight of the acrylic polymer which constitutes the adhesive composition, dissolved in 70% by weight of ethyl acetate has a viscosity in the range of 0.5 to 10.0 Pa·s measured at 23° C., and the acrylic polymer has a weight-average molecular weight in the range of 300,000 to 700,000.

Abstract: A biodegradable packaging film is provided. The film is formed from a blend that contains a thermoplastic starch and polylactic acid. Starch is a relatively inexpensive natural polymer that is also renewable and biodegradable. Polylactic acid is likewise an inexpensive synthetic polymer that is biodegradable and renewable, yet also capable of providing increased tensile strength to the film. Although providing a good combination of biodegradability/renewability and increased tensile strength, the polylactic acid is also relatively rigid and can result in films having a relatively high stiffness (e.g., high modulus of elasticity) and low ductility. While more ductile than polylactic acid, the thermoplastic starch is often difficult to melt process in film forming processes and very sensitive to moisture and water vapor, reducing its ability to be used as a stand alone packaging film.

Abstract: A latex of a highly saturated nitrile rubber comprising ?,?-ethylenically unsaturated nitrile monomer units in 30 to 55 wt %, acid-group-containing ?,?-ethylenically unsaturated monomer units in 3 to 20 wt %, wherein an iodine value is 120 or less, and a tetrahydrofuran insoluble fraction is 30 to 70 wt % and an adhesive composition containing this latex of the highly saturated nitrile rubber are provided.

Abstract: The use of non aqueous dispersions NADs has enabled the development of fast setting sheet fed inks, for example. However either due to residual monomers or fractions of initiators, these NAD's have an objectionable odor. A chemical means of dramatically reducing the odor of the NAD's is thus presented. In exemplary embodiments of the present invention, such a chemical treatment can include an amine/alkali mixture in a coupling solvent. In exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the coupling solvent can be one or more of an alcohol, glycol or glycol ether, such as, for example, isopropyl alcohol. In exemplary embodiments of the present invention the amine can be an alkyl amine, such as, for example, diethyl amine, or various other amines, whether alone or in combination. In exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the alkali can be one or more of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and ammonium hydroxide, whether alone or in any combination thereof.

Abstract: An aqueous inkjet recording ink including pigment particles coated with a water-insoluble resin, water, and a water-soluble organic solvent including at least one hydroxy group, wherein the water-insoluble resin has a salt-forming group and a structural unit which is derived from a methacrylate and has an aromatic ring linked via a linking group to an atom in the main chain of the water-insoluble resin, and the water-insoluble resin satisfies the condition that when the water-insoluble resin, an organic solvent, one equivalent of a neutralizing agent with respect to the salt-forming group, and water are mixed with a total content of the water-insoluble resin and the organic solvent being 35% by mass relative to the total mass of the mixture, an emulsion is formed without precipitation of the water-insoluble resin, and after the emulsion is allowed to stand for three hours, a transparent single phase is formed, or two separate phases are formed and at least an aqueous phase of the two phases is transparent.

Abstract: A gelling agent capable of turning an electrolyte solution for an alkaline battery into a gel, which is less likely to cause syneresis, is composed of particles of a carboxyl group-containing polymer, and a 0.1% by weight aqueous solution has a viscosity of at least 3,000 mPa·s at a pH of 7. The particles of a carboxyl group-containing polymer are normally obtainable by polymerizing a polymerizable material containing ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acids, for example, a polymerizable material containing ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acids and a compound having two or more ethylenically unsaturated groups as a cross-linking agent, in an inert solvent which dissolves the ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acids but does not dissolve particles of a carboxyl group-containing polymer. The above-mentioned viscosity is achieved by adjusting the balance among the concentration of the ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acids, the concentration of a cross-linking agent and a polymerization temperature during polymerization.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are hard and flexible compositions, i.e., compositions which have a flexural modulus that is less than the value that is expected based on the composition's hardness. The compositions preferably have a hardness/modulus relationship represented by the formula H?11.889 Ln(M)+47, where H is the hardness of the composition, in JIS-C, and M is the flexural modulus of the composition, in ksi; or a softness/stiffness relationship represented by the formula if M<110, then H?8.5218 Ln(M)+32.5 if M?110, then H?72.5, where H is the hardness of the composition, in Shore D, and M is the flexural modulus of the composition, in ksi.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pulverulent adhesive for textile reinforcing inserts, which is dispersible in water, for the production of reinforced rubber products. The adhesive thereby comprises an at least partially capped, low-molecular isocyanate, a wetting agent, a binder and also possibly further additives.

Abstract: A PSA sheet 40 including a PSA layer formed from an aqueous PSA composition and having adequate bonding workability with respect to elastic foams is provided. When this PSA sheet 40 is pressure-bonded to a flexible urethane foam 42 of 10 mm in thickness under conditions where the urethane foam 42 is compressed to a thickness of 5 mm, the 180° peel adhesive strength 30 minutes after the pressure-bonding is 1.5 N/20 mm or greater. ECS (gray), a product from Inoac Corporation, is used as the flexible urethane foam 42.

Abstract: A method of producing hollow silica microparticles that suppress whitening of a transparent coating film and show excellent abrasion resistance and adhesiveness. The method includes preparation of an organosol in which hollow silica microparticles are dispersed with the silica concentration of 1 to 70 W % and addition of a silane compound and an alkali catalyst to the organosol at a temperature in the range from 30° C. to 300° C. to react the silane compound to the hollow silica microparticles under the condition where a quantity of water against the added silica (the hollow silica microparticles) is in the range from 0.1 to 50 W %.

Abstract: The invention provides novel defoamers which are useful as defoamers for top coat paints for motor vehicles. When the defoamers are incorporated with paints which do not use melamine resins as the curing agent, they can impart defoaming property to the paints without inviting turbidity in the painted films caused by infiltration of water. Hence the defoamers are particularly useful when used for baking finish type clear top coat paints for motor vehicles. The defoamer is characterized by comprising a copolymer of 2-50% by weight of (A) a polymerizable monomer capable of forming a copolymer having isocyanate groups which can react with a binder resin in thermosetting type paint or (b) a polymerizable monomer capable of forming a copolymer having the groups which produce isocyanate groups reactable with a binder resin in thermosetting type paint during the baking step of the same paint, and 98-50% by weight of (C) a monomer or polymer conventionally used for defoamers.

Abstract: Adhesive, comprising silanized, structurally modified, pyrogenically prepared silicas containing on their surface fixed vinyl groups or vinylsilyl groups, with hydrophobic groups, such as trimethylsilyl and/or dimethylsilyl and/or monomethylsilyl, additionally being fixed on the surface.

Abstract: A polyolefin wax-containing aqueous resin composition that can provide excellent properties without the use of a surfactant is provided. The aqueous resin composition is obtained by heating and dissolving 100 parts by mass of a carboxyl group-containing polyolefin wax in the presence of 15 to 67 parts by mass of a compound that satisfies formula (1) shown below, and 90 to 380 parts by mass of water, and then dispersing this with a basic compound that has been added at a ratio of 1 to 4 chemical equivalents per carboxyl group of the carboxyl group-containing polyolefin wax. CmH2m+1—(OCH2CH2)n—OH Formula (1) m: an integer from 4 to 6, n: an integer from 1 to 4.

Abstract: A composition for producing an optically clear, well bonded superhydrophobic coating includes a plurality of hydrophobic particles comprising an average particle size of about 200 nm or less, a binder at a binder concentration of from about 0.1 wt. % to about 0.5 wt. %, and a solvent. The hydrophobic particles may be present in the composition at a particle concentration of from about 0.1 wt. % to about 1 wt. %. An optically transparent, superhydrophobic surface includes a substrate, a plurality of hydrophobic particles having an average particle size of about 200 nm or less dispersed over the substrate, and a discontinuous binder layer bonding the hydrophobic particles to the substrate, where the hydrophobic particles and the binder layer form an optically transparent, superhydrophobic coating.

Abstract: A photoresponsive ionogel comprising a photo-responsive polymer polymerised within an ionic liquid matrix is described. This solid-state electrolyte material maintains its ionic liquid characteristics but these characteristics can be altered upon irradiation of the gel with light of a particular wavelength. By suitably configuring the ionogel through the incorporation of specific ions within the gel it is possible to cause dramatic changes in properties of the ionogel such as viscosity, conductivity, acidity, basicity and polarity using light as the stimulus.

Abstract: A composition is formed from a polymeric acid precursor, such as polylactic acid (PLA), that is a least partially dissolved within a polymer dispersing solvent. An emulsion may be from polymeric acid precursor that is at least partially dissolved within a solvent and a liquid that is substantially immiscible with the solvent. In certain cases, the molecular weight of the polymeric acid precursor may be reduced in forming the solution. The solution may be used in treating a formation penetrated by a wellbore.

Abstract: An anisotropic conductive adhesive composition includes an acrylic rubber binder having a weight average molecular weight of about 100,000 to about 1,000,000, a first component including at least one of a mono(meth)acrylate compound and a di(meth)acrylate compound, a second component including at least one of a tri(meth)acrylate compound and a compound having more than three (meth)acrylate groups, an organic peroxisde, and conductive particles. The second component is present in an amount of about 1 to about 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the acrylic rubber, the first component, the second component, the organic peroxide, and the conductive particles.

Abstract: A process is provided for producing aqueous pigment dispersions for ink-jet recording in which fine pigments are stably dispersed and such a state can be maintained for a long period of storing. Moreover, a process is provided for producing aqueous pigment dispersions for ink-jet recording in which the time required for production such as dispersing time is short, and the production efficiency is high. The process for producing aqueous pigment dispersions for ink-jet recording includes a first step of kneading (1) a styrene-acrylic type resin with a styrene type monomer unit of 50 to 90 mass %, and at least one unit selected from an acrylic monomer unit and methacrylic monomer unit, having an acid value of 50 to 300, (2) a pigment, (3) a basic compound, and (4) a humectant to produce a solid colored kneaded product, and a second step of dispersing the solid colored kneaded product in an aqueous medium comprising water or water and humectant.

Abstract: Encapsulated dyes for non-water based printing applications comprise a plurality of dye molecules embedded in a polymeric matrix. A process for making the encapsulated dyes and an electrophotographic ink including an ink vehicle and the encapsulated dyes are also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method that includes mixing opacifying agent particles with a thickening agent to form a first mixture; the mixing being conducted at a shear rate of about 10 to about 2,000 sec?1; the first mixture having a viscosity of greater than or equal to about 70 Krebs units; and mixing a polymer latex binder with the first mixture to form a coating composition; the polymer latex binder including a copolymer that comprises phosphorus containing repeat units and an acrylate polymer.

Abstract: Biocompatible polymers useful in ophthalmic devices such as accommodating intraocular lenses. The polymers have improved resistance to the diffusion of fluid, relatively high refractive indexes, and mechanical properties to allow for deformation upon the application of force.

Abstract: A waterborne coating composition is provided, comprising a vinyl copolymer with an optimized level of phosphorus-containing functional groups in conjunction with at least 20% by weight of the copolymer, of ethyl acrylate, methyl acrylate or combinations thereof and one or more opacifying colorants, preferably titanium dioxide.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composition comprising, or produced from, an organic acid-modified ionomer and silica filler having oil absorption greater than 100 g oil/100 g silica. Also disclosed are articles produced from the composition such as golf balls.

Abstract: A soil resistant laminate composition and a soil resistant treatment use composition are provided. In particular, a laminate composition comprising a multilayer composition of a clean surface and a dried layer of a soil resistant agent are disclosed. Soil resistant agents according to the invention include copolymers of a maleic/olefin, an olefin/acrylate and combinations thereof and are suitable for delivery with a water or other organic solvent carrier. A kit and methods for treating a clean surface using a soil resistant laminate composition and a soil resistant treatment use composition are provided by the present invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an ampholytic copolymer, to polyelectrolyte complexes which comprise such an ampholytic copolymer, and to cosmetic or pharmaceutical compositions which comprise at least one ampholytic copolymer or one polyelectrolyte complex.

Abstract: A crosslinkable rubber composition comprising 0.2 to 10 parts by weight of an aromatic secondary amine-based anti-aging agent and 0.5 to 20 parts by weight of a polyamine-based crosslinking agent with respect to 100 parts by weight of a nitrile rubber including an ?,?-ethylenically unsaturated nitrile unit and an ?,?-ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid monoester unit, and with iodine value of 120 or less. The present invention can provide a crosslinkable rubber composition, providable of a cross-linked rubber excellent in a variety of properties such as mechanical strength and small in compression set, and a cross-linked rubber obtained by cross-linking the rubber composition.

Abstract: A white ink composition contains a white or whitish pigment, an ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) resin or a polyolefin wax, and a fluorene resin or a styrene acrylic resin.

Abstract: A series of low, medium, and high molecular weight copolymers containing methyl methacrylate, n-butyl acrylate. 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate were synthesized by solution polymerization under monomer-starved conditions. The copolymers were crosslinked with a methylated melamine formaldehyde resin in order to obtain thermosetting acrylics. Lower wettability, higher oxygen permeability, and lower refractive index were observed for higher concentrations of fluorinated monomer in the copolymer composition and high number-average hydroxyl functionality of the high molecular weight copolymers increased the crosslink density of the acrylic films, thereby resulting in improved tensile strength and tensile modulus.

Abstract: The disclosed a pressure sensitive adhesive for polarizing plates which has a storage elastic modulus (G?) at 23° C. of at least 0.3 MPa; a polarizing plate having a pressure sensitive adhesive; a process for producing the above polarizing plate which comprises sticking a polarizing plate on a tacky adhesive material layer formed on a releasing layer of a releasing sheet, and thereafter irradiating with an active energy beam from the releasing sheet side; an optical film which comprises a polarizing plate and a phase difference plate; and a process for producing the above optical film. The pressure sensitive adhesive and polarizing plate having the pressure sensitive adhesive are characterized in that they are capable of sticking with high durability, the polarizing plate to a and phase difference plate, and the resultant liquid crystal display unit is less liable to cause light leakage under the conditions of high temperature.

Abstract: Disclosed is an adhesive composition whose component is a polymer obtained by copolymerizing a monomer composition containing styrene, a (meth)acrylic acid ester having a cyclic structure, and an alkyl(meth)acrylate having a chain structure. The monomer composition further contains a carboxylic acid having an ethylene double bond, a bifunctional monomer, and a styrene macromonomer. The polymer has a styrene block segment. This can improve heat resistance, adhesive strength in a high temperature environment, alkaline resistance, and easiness in stripping of an adhesive composition that has been subjected to a high temperature process. As a result, there can be obtained an adhesive composition which has high heat resistance, adhesive strength in a high temperature environment, and alkali resistance, and which can be easily stripped off after the adhesive composition is processed at a high temperature.

Abstract: A soil resistant laminate composition and a soil resistant treatment use composition are provided. In particular, a laminate composition comprising a multilayer composition of a clean or soiled surface and a dried layer of a soil resistant agent are disclosed. Soil resistant agents according to the invention include copolymers of a maleic/olefin, an olefin/acrylate and combinations thereof and are suitable for delivery with a detergent carrier. A kit and methods for treating a clean or soiled surface using a soil resistant laminate composition and a soil resistant treatment use composition are provided by the present invention.

Abstract: A positive electrode for non-aqueous electrolyte battery includes a positive electrode active material layer containing at least a positive electrode active material and a binder and a coating layer containing a polymer provided on the positive electrode active material layer, wherein the polymer has a block chain A composed of a random copolymer containing a repeating unit (I) represented by formula (I) and a repeating unit (II) represented by formula (II) and a block chain B containing a repeating unit (III) represented by formula (III) wherein R1-R3, R4a, R4b, R5-R13 are as defined herein.

Abstract: Pressure-sensitive adhesives are prepared from (meth)acrylate esters of 2-alkyl alkanols. The adhesives are characterized by exhibiting an overall balance of adhesive and cohesive characteristics and exceptional adhesion to low surface energy substrates.

Abstract: Waxes prepared from hydrogenated plant oils, such as castor and soybean, are formulated into aqueous ink and paper coating compositions. Ink compositions comprising these waxes and evaluated for their resistance to mar and abrasion achieved rub resistance and slip performance comparable to compositions utilizing conventional wax additives, which are generally derived from petroleum. The waxes in the inventive compositions have a low iodine value (ranging from approximately 2 to approximately 5), and a melting point between approximately 120 degrees to approximately 190 degrees F. (Mettler Drop Point). These naturally derived waxes are used as an alternative to petroleum and synthetically derived waxes in the manufacture of inks and coatings for paper and cellulosic products.

Abstract: A coating having a highly-carboxylated emulsion polymer that is polymerized from (i) olefinically-unsaturated hydrophobic monomers and (ii) olefinically-unsaturated carboxylic acid-functional monomers. The coating may be removed by an alkaline solution.

Abstract: Fiberglass mats, binder compositions, and methods for making the same are provided. The fiberglass mat can include a plurality of glass fibers and an at least partially cured binder composition. The binder composition, prior to at least partial curing, can include a first copolymer modified by reaction with one or more base compounds. The first copolymer can include one or more unsaturated carboxylic acids, one or more unsaturated carboxylic anhydrides, or a combination thereof, and one or more vinyl aromatic derived units. The first copolymer can have a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of about 500 to about 200,000. The first copolymer can be present in an amount ranging from about 60 wt % to about 95 wt %, based on a combined weight of the first copolymer and the one or more base compounds.

Abstract: A method of formulating a latex ink composition for a specific application temperature can include the steps of determining an application temperature for the latex ink composition; choosing at least one polar monomer having a dielectric constant of at least about 3.1; synthesizing latex particulates using the at least one polar monomer; admixing the latex particulates with a colorant, in a liquid vehicle, to form the latex ink composition; where the latex particulates are film forming at or below the application temperature, and the Tg of the latex particulates is no more than about 15° C. less than the application temperature.

Abstract: A method including: (a) selectively reacting a first sugar in a mixture which includes at least one second sugar to form a product mixture comprising a product of said first sugar; (b) separating said product of said first sugar from said product mixture; and (c) separating at least one of said at least one second sugar from said product mixture.