Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid-crystalline material in the form of an anisotropic gel consisting of a polymerized liquid-crystalline material and a low-molecular weight liquid-crystalline material, wherein the polymerized material (a) forms a permanently oriented network in the low-molecular liquid-crystalline material (b), characterized in that the low-molecular weight liquid-crystalline material (b) exhibits a cholesteric phase, and to a display cell with such a material.

Abstract: Disclosed are aqueous crosslinked polymer particles which provide excellent properties and paint workability. Aqueous crosslinked polymer particles have 20 to 200 nm of an average particle size (De), measured by a transmission electron microscope after dyeing with uranyl acetate, and also have 0.5 to 0.9 of an average roundness (R) represented by the equation:R=(Lc/L).sup.2wherein Lc is a perimeter of a circle, having the same area as that of a particle measured by the transmission electron microscope, and L is a perimeter of a particle measured actually. A process for producing aqueous crosslinked polymer particles is also disclosed.

Abstract: A novel denture adhesive composition contains an adhesive mixture comprising sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and, either a partially neutralized sodium, magnesium, zinc mixed salt or a partially neutralized magnesium, zinc mixed salt of an alkyl vinyl ether maleic acid copolymer.

Abstract: Paper surface sizing properties of aqueous solutions of high molecular weight (at least 100,000 Daltons weight average) styrene-maleate half ester polymers are improved by forming the maleate half ester using oxyalkylene-alkyl alcohol, preferably 2-(n-butoxy) ethyl alcohol.

Abstract: A novel aqueous polymeric formulation is disclosed. Also disclosed are methods of making the polymeric formulation, and of using the polymeric formulation to produce a crosslinked polymeric surface coating on a substrate. One embodiment of the novel polymeric formulation comprises an aqueous carrier; at least one polymeric ingredient; a non-polymeric polyfunctional amine; and base. The one polymeric ingredient has both acid-functional and acetoacetoxy-type functional pendant moieties. The non-polymeric polyfunctional amine has at least two amine-functional moieties. The amount of base contained within the formulation is effective for inhibiting gellation, which would otherwise occur as a result of crosslinking between the acetoacetoxy-type functional and amine-functional moieties. Another embodiment of the novel polymeric formulation comprises at least two polymeric ingredients, one of which has acetoacetoxy-type functional pendant moieties and the other of which has acid-functional pendant moieties.

Abstract: The invention relates to diacrylates and dimethacrylates which are derived from cyclohexyldiphenols.Di(meth)acrylates are used widely, for example, as a component of plastic filling materials in dental engineering.

Abstract: Coating composition containing one or several (meth)acrylic copolymers having hydroxyl groups, as well as one or several solvents and, optionally, water, special-effect pigments and/or coloring pigments, fillers and/or conventional lacquering additives, whereby the (meth)acrylic copolymer is essentially constructed from units based on the following monomers:a) 0.5-10.0% by weight of amides and/or N-substituted amides of acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid,b) 5.0-30.0% by weight of phenylalkyl esters of acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid,c) 10.0-30.0% by weight of hydroxyalkyl esters of acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid having 2-8 C-atoms in the hydroxyalkyl residue,d) 0.6-7.5% by weight of acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid, ande) 30.0-83.9% by weight of alkyl esters of acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid having 1-18 C-atoms in the alkyl residue, andwhereby the sum of components a) to e) amounts in each case to 100.

Abstract: Stable aqueous suspensions of precipitated silica, well adopted as coatings for the papermaking industry, include an aqueous suspension of a slaked precipitated silica filter cake and an effective amount of a stabilizer therefor, which stabilizer contains (a) aluminum or an aluminum compound, and (b) an anionic dispersing agent.

Abstract: The present invention related to a drug release controlling material responsive to changes in temperature comprising the polyester gel which is obtained by polymerization of a polyfunctional macromonomer represented by the general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, X.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, an alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a phenyl group, A represents an aliphatic polyester chain, m is 0 or 1, and p, which may be the same or different in each branched chain, represents an integer of from 0 to 6, optionally with a polyethylene glycol derivative which contains polymerizable group(s) at the end(s). The drug release controlling material has an on-off control function of drug release responsive to changes in temperature depending upon the gel transition of the aliphatic polyester gel.

Abstract: Spherical monodispersed polymeric particles are prepared from vinyl monomers and crosslinking polymerizable polyvinyl monomers. More particularly, a novel process for producing spherical monodispersed gel particles that are about 1-6 .mu.m in size and contain at least about 0.5 to about 3 weight percent (based on polymerizable vinyl monomer/vinyl polymer) of a polymerizable polyvinyl monomer is disclosed. The process comprises the steps of combining an isoalkanol solvent, a polymerizable vinyl monomer and a crosslinking polymerizable polyvinyl monomer under timed and monitored conditions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a textile print paste binding agent being a polymer comprising a non-aromatic unsaturated mono- or dicarboxylic ester monomer and an aliphatic conjugated diene monomer. An unsaturated mono- or dicarboxylic acid and half esters of the dicarboxylic acid also can be included. In one embodiment, the present invention provides a process of printing a textile substrate comprising applying to a surface of the textile substrate a textile print paste comprising a tinctorial amount of a dyestuff or pigment and a binding agent being a polymer comprising a non-aromatic unsaturated mono- or dicarboxylic ester monomer and an aliphatic conjugated diene and heating the textile substrate to fix the dyestuff or pigment.

Abstract: Process for lowering the residual monomer content in aqueous plastic dispersions based on polyvinyl esters.Preparation of vinyl ester polymers or vinyl ester copolymers containing aqueous plastic dispersions having reduced contents of undesired residual vinyl ester monomers, caused by the preparation, and, optionally, acetaldehyde from corresponding starting dispersions, such as are obtainable from ethylenically unsaturated monomers by conventional polymerization or copolymerization methods, by selective alkaline saponification of the residual vinyl ester monomers saponifiable under alkaline conditions in the dispersions and preferably simultaneous removal of the acetaldehyde and unsaponified residual vinyl ester monomers from the aqueous dispersions by distillation.

Abstract: An aqueous polymer dispersion gives a film having high resilience in conjunction with reduced surface tack and good aging resistance under the action of light, heat and oxygen and is used for coating leather.

Abstract: A fibrous glass binder comprises a polycarboxy polymer, a monomeric trihydric alcohol and catalyst comprising an alkali metal salt of a phosphorous-containing organic acid.

Abstract: A composition comprising a 1,2-dialkylidenecyclobutane such as 1,2-dimethylenecyclobutane, a polyacrylate monomer and an optional polyimide such as a bismaleimide can be thermally cured to a tough copolymer having a high glass transition temperature.

Abstract: Compositions and a method are described which possess utility for the application of a corrosion-resistant surface to an object of interest. The composition of the subject invention includes a polymeric solution, emulsion or dispersion, and a compatible dispersion which are combined with water to form a bath. The objects of interest to be coated are thereafter quenched in the bath.

Abstract: A method for extending the open time of an aqueous coating composition is provided. This method extends the time during which an aqueous coating can be applied or rebrushed without damaging the film. The open time improvement of this invention is useful for a variety of coatings including paints, stains, varnishes, adhesives, and inks. The aqueous coating composition contains a latex polymer and a modifying compound. More particularly, the latex polymer contains a first reactable group which is complementary to and reacts with a second reactable group in the modifying compound. The complementary reactable groups in the latex polymer and modifying compound provide ionic or covalent binding.

Abstract: A two-phase thermoplastic composition adapted for forming thermoplastic patterns. The composition comprises an organic thermoplastic pattern material and at least about 5% by weight of discrete particles of cross-linked poly(methylmethacrylate) that are physically stable at temperatures above 130.degree. F. Also disclosed are investment casting patterns of such composition and processes utilizing such composition.

Abstract: An aqueous contact adhesive composition comprising an aqueous adhesive copolymer emulsion, the adhesive composition having a durometer hardness measured on the type A scale by ASTM D2240 of at least 20, and a blowing agent. The aqueous contact adhesive composition is applied as a coating to a surface of each of two substrates, then foamed, and substantially dried to provide a dry cellular adhesive coating. The adhesive-coated surfaces are then joined. The preferred contact adhesive composition comprises a vinyl acetate/ethylene/N-methylolacrylamide copolymer emulsion.

Abstract: A removable pressure sensitive adhesive composition comprises an acrylic-based emulsion polymer having a gel content of from about 70 to about 90%. The polymer comprises about 90 to 99.5 parts alkyl acrylate monomers, up to about 2 parts polar monomers and up to about one part of a multifunctional acrylate monomer. The polymer is sythesized in the presence of a combination of anionic and non-ionic emulsifiers wherein the amount of anionic emulsifer exceeds the amount of non-ionic emulsifier. The composition preferably comprises one or more adhesion stabilizers, preferably a plasticiser in an amount of up to about 3% by weight and a protective colloid in an amount of up to about 1% by weight.

Abstract: Wet adhesion, ICI viscosity, and scrub resistance of a paint are improved by incorporating into the paint a binder that comprises a film former and polymeric composition. The polymeric composition comprises either (a) about 15 to about 35 weight percent of substantially non-self-polymerizable monomer, about 30 to about 70 weight percent of a copolymerizable monomer whose homopolymer is water-soluble, and about 10 to about 35 weight percent of a wet adhesion promoting monomer, or (b) about 35 to about 65 weight percent of the substantially non-self-polymerizable monomer and about 35 to about 65 weight percent of the wet adhesion promoting monomer. The polymeric composition and film former are substantially inseparable by chromatographic means.

Abstract: There is described a process for the production of an ethanol solution of an ethyl or butyl half-ester copolymer of maleic anhydride and a methyl vinyl ether which comprises: (a) copolymerizing the monomers in acetone as solvent by simultaneously feeding molten maleic anhydride, a molar excess of methyl vinyl ether, and a solution of a free radical initiator in acetone, into a reactor precharged with acetone, at about 68.degree.-85.degree. C., preferably 70.degree.-80.degree. C.; (b) esterifying the acetone solution of said copolymer with ethanol or butanol; and then (c) solvent exchanging ethanol for acetone by continuously injecting vapors of ethanol at about 85.degree.-95.degree. C. into said copolymer solution while simultaneously distilling out acetone therefrom at atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: A gel composition including a gel matrix with a thickener having a water absorbent polymer with pendent anionic groups dispersed therein. Preferred thickeners are organophilic clays such as bentonite and mixtures of such clays with waxes, silica and/or ethylene or polyethylene microspheres.The gel composition is activated with moisture so that the water absorbent polymer migrates to engage and absorb the water. The composition can be used to protect enclosed components or contents from water damage. Also, the gel composition protects wires which carry a small dc current such as the wires of telecommunication cables and splices. The composition eliminates shorts caused by water contact with such wires.

Abstract: Wet adhesion, ICI viscosity, and scrub resistance of a paint are improved by incorporating into the paint a binder that comprises a film former and polymeric composition. The polymeric composition comprises either (a) about 15 to about 35 weight percent of substantially non-self-polymerizable monomer, about 30 to about 70 weight percent of a copolymerizable monomer whose homopolymer is water-soluble, and about 10 to about 35 weight percent of a wet adhesion promoting monomer, or (b) about 35 to about 65 weight percent of the substantially non-self-polymerizable monomer and about 35 to about 65 weight percent of the wet adhesion promoting monomer. The polymeric composition and film former are substantially inseparable by chromatographic means.

Abstract: Wet adhesion, ICI viscosity, and scrub resistance of a paint are improved by incorporating into the paint a binder that comprises a film former and polymeric composition. The polymeric composition comprises either (a) about 15 to about 35 weight percent of substantially non-self-polymerizable monomer, about 30 to about 70 weight percent of a copolymerizable monomer whose homopolymer is water-soluble, and about 10 to about 35 weight percent of a wet adhesion promoting monomer, or (b) about 35 to about 65 weight percent of the substantially non-self-polymerizable monomer and about 35 to about 65 weight percent of the wet adhesion promoting monomer. The polymeric composition and film former are substantially inseparable by chromatographic means.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for depositing a temporary, selectively soluble protective coating onto a substrate and a process for using the same. The composition consists essentially of a copolymer consisting of 35 to 85 weight percent vinyl acetate and from 15 to 65 weight percent of a predefined monoalkyl maleate which is dispersed in a solvent/vehicle. The protective coatings deposited therefrom are substantially impervious to aqueous media having acidic or neutral pH and provide an effective barrier against damage to the substrate's surface. At the desired time, the protective coating can be removed from the substrate by dissolution in an aqueous alkaline solution.

Abstract: An improved blister resistant paper coating polymer latex for paper coating comprising an aliphatic conjugated diene monomer, monoethylenic monomers and an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer and including a molecular weight modifier such as an organosulfur compound and a base.

Abstract: An additive to cement comprises a granular zinc salt of a copolymer of an olefin having 2 to 8 carbon atoms and an ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic anhydride, prepared by reacting the powder of the copolymer with powder of zinc oxide or zinc hydroxide in the presence of water.

Abstract: The present invention relates to coating compositions containing multifunctional acrylate monomers, acrylic monomers and colloidal silica. Silanes are absent from these coating compositions. Transparent, abrasion resistant coatings result from the cure, either by ultraviolet light or electron beam radiation, of these compositions.

Abstract: There is provided a novel substantially anhydrous UV curable composition comprising a monomer and a solvent wherein the monomer is a multi-functional, non-oxygen inhibited polyacrylate and the solvent is a low volatility solvent containing at least 2 oxygenated functions which is substantially incorporated into the polymer during the curing step. There is also provided a method of curing such compositions which avoids the conventional drying step required heretofore.

Abstract: A styrene-butadiene composition containing about 0.1 to 10 weight % of a monoester of maleic acid or fumaric acid provides improved bonding strength. In addition, small amounts of a functional monomer can also be included.

Abstract: A polymer latex for making gloves having excellent donning and doffing characteristics comprises a carboxylated open chain aliphatic diene/acrylonitrile/(meth)acrylate terpolymer. A process for making latex gloves using the polymer latex prepared in accordance with the invention is also disclosed.

Abstract: Cast ceiling tile requires a particular rheology of its wet formulation for the dried tile to have a desired aesthetic appearance. The use of a latex binder rather than starch for cast ceiling tiles imparts the necessary rheological properties to the wet ceiling tile formulation. The tile is prepared by blending mineral wool with a premixture of water, latex, and filler, said premixture having a sharp yield point when measured with a recording Brookfield Viscometer. The latex is an alkali-swellable latex comprising (i) a C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 .alpha.,.beta.

Abstract: A highly dilatant copolymer dispersion containing, as essential components, an emulsion copolymer prepared from 1 to 10% by weight, based on the sum of the monomers employed, of .alpha.,.beta.-monoolefinically unsaturated carboxylic acids and other olefinically unsaturated monomers, in which the emulsion copolymer is prepared in the presence of from 5 to 30% by weight, based on the sum of the monomers employed, of allyl carboxylate or alkylallyl carboxylate containing 2 or more copolymerizable olefinic double bonds, or a mixture thereof, the alkyl radical containing 1 to 4 C atoms, and the preparation thereof.

Abstract: Coating materials based on synthetic resin contain, as binders, polymers which consist ofA) from 60 to 100% by weight of a tert-butyl ester of an .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or dicarboxylic acid of not more than 5 carbon atoms or a mixture of such tert-butyl esters,B) from 0 to 40% by weight of an acrylate or methacrylate of a nontertiary C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkanol or a mixture of these monomers,C) from 0 to 20% by weight of vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate and/or vinyl propionate, the relationship m.sub.C .ltoreq.0.5 m.sub.B being applicable to the amounts m.sub.B and m.sub.C of the monomers B and C,C) from 0 to 10% by weight of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylamide and/or methacrylamide andE) from 0 to 5% by weight of other copolymerizable monomers.

Abstract: There is provided a novel substantially anhydrous UV curable composition comprising a monomer and a solvent wherein the monomer is a multi-functional non-oxygen inhibited polyacrylate and the solvent is a low volatility solvent containing at least 2 oxygenated functions which is substantially incorporated into the polymer during the curing step. There is also provided a method of curing such compositions which avoids the conventional drying step required heretofore.

Abstract: Disclosed are a coating composition (A) for preventing adhesion of organisms which comprises as its vehicle component a homopolymer or a copolymer, the homopolymer being one prepared by homopolymerizing a phenol-modified unsaturated monomer obtained by reacting (a) an unsaturated monomer containing epoxy group and/or hydroxyl group with (b) an addition reaction product of a phenolic compound with a compound having one carboxylic anhydride group per molecule, and the copolymer being one prepared by copolymerizing said phenol-modified unsaturated monomer and a radically polymerizable unsaturated monomer, and also a coating composition (B) for preventing adhesion of organisms which comprises as its vehicle component a phenol-modified resin prepared by reacting (c) a resin containing epoxy group and/or hydroxyl group with (b) and addition reaction product of a phenolic compound with a compound having one carboxylic anhyhdride group per molecule.

Abstract: Aqueous synthetic wax dispersions which contain, as an essential component of the solid substance, a partially or completely neutralized copolymer of a C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 -olefin and an unsaturated mono- or dicarboxylic acid or dicarboxylic anhydride are prepared by neutralizing and dispersing the solid substance in an aqueous medium at above the melting point of the copolymer, by a method in which the processes of neutralization and of dispersion are carried out in one extruder or in a plurality of extruders connected in series.

Abstract: Disclosed are a coating composition (A) for preventing adhesion of organisms which comprises as its vehicle component a homopolymer or a copolymer, the homopolymer being one prepared by homopolymerizing a phenol-modified unsaturated monomer obtained by reacting (a) an unsaturated monomer containing epoxy group and/or hydroxyl group with (b) an addition reaction product of a phenolic compound with a compound having one carboxylic anhydride group per molecule, and the copolymer being one prepared by copolymerizing said phenol-modified unsaturated monomer and a radically polymerizable unsaturated monomer, and also a coating composition (B) for preventing adhesion of organisms which comprises as its vehicle component a phenol-modified resin prepared by reacting (c) a resin containing epoxy group and/or hydroxyl group with (b) an addition reaction product of a phenolic compound with a compound having one carboxylic anhydride group per molecule.

Abstract: An aqueous dispersant composition for cement comprises 100 parts by weight of a copolymer of an olefin having 2 to 8 carbon atoms and an ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic anhydride, the copolymer being in the form of fine particles having an average size of 0.1 to 20 micrometers, 15 to 300 parts by weight, of zinc, as zinc oxide or zinc hydroxide, and water, the composition being adjusted to have a pH value of 6 to 12.

Abstract: A removable pressure sensitive adhesive composition comprises an acrylic-based emulsion polymer having a gel content of from about 70 to about 90% comprises about 90 to 99.5 parts alkyl acrylate monomers, up to about 2 parts polar monomers and up to about one part of a multifunctional acrylate monomer.

Abstract: A composition containing an adhesive suitable for affixing dentures or ostomy devices to a mucous membrane, which adhesive is a mixture composed of(a) 75-25 wt. % of a blend comprising a divalent calcium salt and a monovalent sodium salt of a lower alkyl vinyl ether/maleic acid copolymer wherein the concentration of Ca is between about 10 and 15 wt. % of the blend; Na is between about 1.5 and about 4 wt. % of the blend and --COOH is between about 9 and about 25 wt. % of the blend;(b) 0-10 wt. % of a lower alkyl vinyl ether/maleic acid auxiliary metal salt wherein said metal is divalent magnesium and/or monovalent potassium and wherein said auxiliary metal represents between about 1.5 and about 15 wt. % of said auxiliary metal salt compound and(c) 25-75 wt. % of a stearic acid metal salt wherein said metal salt is magnesium stearate containing from 0% to about 75% sodium stearate.The invention also relates to the use of said composition as an adhesive used in association with mucous membranes.

Abstract: A copolymer of recurring units of at least one .alpha., .beta.-unsaturated monomer and recurring units of at least one copolymerizable comonomer comprising, in its preferred embodiment from about 20 to about 80 percent pendant carboxylic acid units and from about 80 to about 20 percent pendant carboxylate salt units, is blended with at least one monomer containing at least two hydroxyl groups to produce a water-absorbing composition upon curing. The composition is particularly suitable for fiber formation.

Abstract: The present invention is based upon the discovery that a styrene-butadiene composition contatining about 0.1 to 10 weight % of a monoester of maleic acid or fumaric acid provides improved bonding strength. In addition, small amounts of a functional monomer can also be included.

Abstract: Cast ceiling tile requires a particular rheology of its wet formulation for the dried tile to have a desired aesthetic appearance. The use of a latex binder rather than starch for cast ceiling tiles imparts the necessary rheological properties to the wet ceiling tile formulation. The tile is prepared by blending mineral wool with a premixture of water, latex, and filler, said premixture having a sharp yield point when measured with a recording Brookfield Viscometer. The latex is an alkali-swellable latex comprising (i) a C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 .alpha.,.beta.

Abstract: This invention relates to a thixotropic thickening agent and to a process for preparing the same. Such thixotropic thickening agents are particularly useful for thickening water reducible coatings. The thixotropic thickening agents of this invention are copolymers which are comprised of repeat units which are derived from methacrylic acid monomer, ethylacrylate monomer, and a water soluble crosslinking agent. The water soluble crosslinking agents which can be used include ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and alkylene bisacrylamides, such as N,N'-methylene bisacrylamide. A neutralized two weight percent aqueous solution of the thixotropic thickening agents of this invention will have a Brookfield RVT viscosity as measured at 50 rpm using a number 3 spindle within the range of 50 to 2000 centipoise (cps).

Abstract: In a maskless metal cladding process for plating an existing metallurgical pattern, a protective layer is utilized to isolate those areas of underlying metallurgy on which additional metal plating is not desired. The layer acts as an isolation barrier to protect the underlying metallurgy from deposition and subsequent diffusion of the heavy metal overlay. The composition of the protective layer is selected as one having sufficient mechanical integrity to withstand process handling and support the gold overlay and having the thermal integrity to withstand the high temperatures reached during metal sputtering and diffusion processes. The isolation barrier layer has an organic component as a binder which thermally decomposes, either in a heating step before metal deposition or during the diffusion cycle, leaving no carbonaceous residue but leaving an inert, inorganic standoff to support the metal.

Abstract: The invention provides an organic solvent free, phosphate free, lithographic desensitizing composition which comprises:(a) from about 0.1% to about 20.0% by weight of the composition of a copolymer of polymethyl vinyl ether and maleic acid having the formula ##STR1## which has a molecular weight in an amount of from about 20,000 to about 70,000; and(b) from about 0.1% to about 20.0% by weight of the composition of a desensitizing component comprising one or more hydroxy carboxylic acids or salts; and(c) sufficient water to formulate a desensitizing composition; and(d) sufficient base to adjust the pH of the composition into the range of from about 6.5 to about 7.5.

Abstract: A solid flexible polymeric material is formed by solidifying a water-based latex which contains an inorganic filler. The filler is sand and this may be stabilized in the latex with xanthan gum. The solid material may be a foamed or non-foamed layer which may be used as integral carpet backing, as carpet underlay, or as an adhesive for bonding a reinforcing fabric to the back of carpeting.

Abstract: Copolymers of (1) from about 80% to about 98% by weight of acrylic acid and (2) from about 2% to about 20% by weight of itaconic acid and having a weight average molecular weight of between about 100,000 to about 800,000 and which are at least water dispersible are useful as retention aids for paper coating compositions.