Abstract: Aqueous emulsions of high viscosity organopolysiloxanes can be prepared having a very low content of cyclic siloxanes by condensing low molecular weight alkoxy-functional organopolysiloxanes in aqueous emulsion with an alkylphosphate emulsifier and at least one selected polyoxyethylene non-ionic surfactant.

Abstract: Microstructured films such as brightness enhancing films. The microstructured film has a polymerized structure comprising the reaction product of the polymerizable resin composition (e.g. having a refractive index of at least 1.58). The cured nanocomposite (e.g. structure) can exhibit improved crack resistance. In some embodiments, the flexibility is expressed in terms of a cylindrical mandrel bend test property (e.g. a mandrel size to failure of less than 6 mm or a mandrel size to failure according to the equation D=1000(T/0.025?T) wherein T is the thickness in millimeters of a (e.g. preformed base layer). In other embodiments, the flexibility is expressed in terms of a tensile and elongation property (e.g. a tensile strength at break of at least 25 MPa and an elongation at break of at least 1.75%).

Abstract: A process for polymerizing at least one fluorinated monomer in an aqueous medium in the presence of initiator and polymerization agent to form an aqueous dispersion of particles of fluoropolymer having a fluoropolymers solids content of at least about 10% by weight. The polymerization agent is a combination of fluoropolyether acid or salt thereof and hydrocarbon surfactant. The aqueous medium contains less than about 300 ppm of perfluoroalkane carboxylic acid or salt fluorosurfactants. The process is preferably performed without adding polymer seed prior to polymerization kick-off.

Abstract: An aqueous dispersion type fluorine-containing water- and oil-repellent composition containing a polymer of a perfluoroalkyl group-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer dispersed in an aqueous medium. The composition also contains a nonionic surfactant having an HLB value of at most 11 and a cationic surfactant. A homopolymer of at least one monomer constituting the polymer has Tg of at most 50° C.

Abstract: A process of manufacture of polytrimethylene ether glycol comprising: (a) polycondensing reactant comprising diol selected from the group consisting of 1,3-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol dimer and 1,3-propanediol trimer or mixtures thereof in the presence of acid polycondensation catalyst to form polytrimethylene ether glycol; (b) adding water to the polytrimethylene ether glycol to form an aqueous mixture; (c) heating the aqueous mixture to hydrolyze acid esters formed during the acid catalyzed polycondensation; (d) adding to the hydrolyzed aqueous mixture organic solvent that is miscible with polytrimethylene ether glycol to form (i) organic phase containing the polytrimethylene ether glycol and residual acid polycondensation catalyst from the polycondensing and (ii) aqueous phase; (e) separating the aqueous phase and the organic phase; (f) adding base to the separated organic phase to neutralize the residual acid polycondensation catalyst by forming salts of the residual acid polycondensation catalyst; (g

Abstract: Processes for the preparation of polyol fatty acid polyesters comprise heating a mixture of polyol, fatty acid ester, emulsifying agent and catalyst. In one embodiment, the fatty acid chains of the fatty acid ester have from about 6 to about 14 total carbon atoms and the emulsifying agent comprises a fatty acid soap having fatty acid chains of from about 16 to about 22 total carbon atoms.

Abstract: A carboxyl group-containing polymer composition comprising 100 parts by weight of a carboxyl group-containing polymer (A) prepared by copolymerizing an ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid (a) with a compound (b) having at least two ethylenic unsaturated groups; and 0.01 to 20 parts by weight of at least one compound (B) selected from an ester (c) obtained from a polyhydric alcohol and a fatty acid, and an alkylene oxide adduct of an ester (d) obtained from a polyhydric alcohol and a fatty acid. Since the carboxyl group-containing polymer composition is excellent in the solubility in water and gives the aqueous solution excellent thickening property, the polymer composition can be suitably used as a thickener for various aqueous solutions.

Abstract: An anionic surfactant of the formula (I): R2—Y—(O)C—(HR)C—C(HR1)—C(O)—(OA)n—X wherein one of R and R1 is a C6 to C22 linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl, and the other is hydrogen; Y is O, or NH, or —NH—CH2—C(?CH2)—, or —N(CH2—CR3(?CH2))—CH2—C(?CH2)— where R3 is hydrogen or methyl; when Y is O, R2 is hydrogen, or a salt, or a C1 to C6 linear or branched alkyl, or an optionally substituted C3 to C10 linear or branched alkenyl; when Y is NH, or —NH—CH2—(?CH2)—, or —N(CH2—CR3(?CH2))—CH2—C(?CH2)— where R3 is hydrogen or methyl, R2 is hydrogen or methyl; OA is an oxyalkylene group; n is 2 to 100; and X is a group comprising at least one acidic H atom, or a salt thereof, and the use thereof in free radical initiated addition polymerisation, particularly emulsion polymerisation.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for preparing stable (co)polymer dispersions in a polyol by polymerising in situ a monomer or a mixture of ethylenically unsaturated monomers, in the presence of one or several azocarboxylic acid ester(s).

Abstract: This invention relates to an anionic alkoxylate surfactant of formula (I), where R is a di- or tri-unsaturated C4-22 straight or branched hydrocarbon chain, at least two double bonds of said unsaturated chain being conjugated and exhibiting opposite geometric isomerism; m is 0 or 1; Y is O or NR′; each R′ is independently selected from hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl and phenyl; n is 1 to 50; and OX is an anionic group selected from the group consisting of acids or salts of sulfate, phosphate, sulphosuccinate, succinate, carbomethyl, maleate, carboxyethyl, alkenylsuccinate, phthalate, sulphoethyl, 3-sulpho-2-hydroxypropyl, sulphopropyl, oxalate and citrate.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a process for producing dispersions of watsoluble vinyl polymers and a stabilizer for carrying out this process. Such water-soluble, particularly cationic vinyl polymers, are employed on a large scale as process expediters for carrying out, for instance, separating processes in water treatment or waste-water purification, respectively, in the paper, coal and ore industries, in oil production or also in the food stuff industry, among others, for floculation, coagulation, retention or dewatering. According to the present invention, water-soluble vinyl polymers are homo- or copolymerized in the presence of a dispersion stabilizer of the invention. The stabilizer consists of a graft copolymer whose backbone is formed by polyethylene oxide and its grafted branches of cationic vinyl monomers. Among others, cationic, hydrophobically modified vinyl monomers can be advantageously employed.

Abstract: This invention relates to 1,2-diol functional polysiloxane emulsions obtained by a variety of polymerization methods. This invention further relates to an organopolysiloxane emulsion comprising an organopolysiloxane polymer having pendant organic diol groups, at least one nonionic surfactant, at least one anionic surfactant, and water. The emulsions of this invention are useful as fiber treatment agents and provide softness and hydrophilicity to fibers treated with the emulsion.

Abstract: A process of oil-in-water emulsion polymerisation carried out in the presence of emulsifiers that are polyoxyethylene half ester of vic-dicarboxylic acids which give latices that are stable especially to coagulation by electrolytes, shear and/or freezing is disclosed. Particularly suitable emulsifiers are of the formulae (I) or (II):Y.OOC.(HR)C.C(HR.sup.1).COO.(AO).sub.n.R.sup.2 (I)Y.OOC.(HR)C.C(HR.sup.1).COO.(AO).sub.n.CO.(HR.sup.1)C.C(HR)COO.Y(II)where: R, R.sup.1, AO, n, R.sup.2 and Y are as defined, in particular where the emulsifiers are polyoxyethylene half esters of alkenyl succinic acids.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a water-in-oil type polymer emulsion which comprises polymerizing an acrylamide-containing monomer in a water-in-oil type emulsion. The acrylamide is prepared by hydrating acrylonitrile in the presence of a catalytic amount of nitrilehydratase.

Abstract: Mechanically stable, self-inverting water-in-oil polymer emulsions for use in industrial water treatment, waste water treatment, sludge conditioning, ore dressing, papermaking, secondary and tertiary oil recovery containing carboxylated ethoxylated phenols and alcohols are provided.

Abstract: A process for preparing poly(urethane/urea) prepolymers and aqueous poly(urethane/urea) dispersions (PUDs) therefrom, the poly(urethane/urea) polymers having high heat resistance and good water resistance. The method employs a water soluble volatile organic solvent, such as acetone, at a level of 0.1-5%, based on final dispersion weight, a level which does not require removal for purposes of flash point considerations.

Abstract: A method of producing an acrylic emulsion adhesive characterized in that a composition comprising 100 parts by weight of a monomeric mixture of alkyl (meth)acrylate, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and N-vinylpyrrolidone, 0.5-2 parts by weight of a surfactant mixture of an anionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant, and 0.03 to 0.5 part by weight of a polymerization initiator is subjected to emulsion polymerization reaction. The acrylic emulsion adhesive of this invention is rich in solids, features good adhesion and cohesion as well as high water resistance. Therefore, by coating one side of a transparent support, this adhesive can be used as an adhesive sheet for surface protection.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a gelled fluoride resin fine particle dispersion for use as a coating, to a method of production thereof, and to a method using this gelled fluoride resin fine dispersion to protect an alkaline inorganic hardened body.The objective of the present invention is to provide an aqueous resin for use as a coating, this aqueous resin being able to form a high performance coating film that is superior in its ability to inhibit the leaching out of the alkaline substance from the alkaline inorganic hardened body, which has excellent weatherability, water resistance, alkaline resistance, and dirt picking resistance.The present invention accomplishes the stated objective through the utilization of gelled fine particles of a fluorine containing resin.The present invention may be used in the coating field.

Abstract: A silicone composition containing: (A) 100 parts by weight of organopolysiloxane; 0.1 to 50 parts by weight of thickening agent (C) 0.01 to 20 parts by weight of fluorine-containing surfactant; and (D) 0.1 to 20 parts by weight of volatile water-soluble solvent.

Abstract: A polymer polyol is prepared by polymerizing one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers in a polyol. A high molecular weight stabilizer having polymerizable ethylenic unsaturation and a low hydroxyl functionality is used, which leads to improved dispersion stability at reduced stabilizer level.

Abstract: The invention relates to crosslinked carboxylic copolymers comprising an unsaturated carboxylic acid; a comonomer containing a polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated group, a crosslinking monomer selected from the group consisting of triallylisocyanurate, triallyl trimellitate, and gIyoxal bis(diallyl acetal) and an ethoxylated glyceride compound. The copolymer provides superior feel and appearance to a large variety of personal care and pharmaceutical products including cosmetics, creams, lotions and lipsticks.

Abstract: A composition is disclosed which comprises an amino radical-containing organopolysiloxane and an organopolysiloxane containing at least 3 epoxy radical-containing organic groups in each molecule.

Abstract: The sizing agent according to the present invention contains as the essential component a high molecular compound having an weight-average molecular weight of not less than 20,000 prepared by reacting(A) a polyhydroxy compound having an weight-average molecular weight of not less than 1,000, which is prepared by an addition polymerization of ethylene oxide or alkylene oxides comprising ethylene oxide to an organic compound having two active hydrogens, with(B) a polycarboxylic acid, a polycarboxylic acid anhydride or a lower ester of a polycarboxylic acid.

Abstract: Polymer/polyol compositions, obtained by polymerizing, in situ in a polyol, one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers comprising an alpha-olefin containing at least 5 carbon atoms and/or an acrylate or methacrylate ester of an alcohol containing at least 9 carbon atoms, which are of relatively low viscosity and which afford polyurethanes having improved properties.

Abstract: High solids content, high molecular weight hydrophobe-containing cationic polymer products are prepared by an inverse (water-in-oil) emulsion process wherein the hydrophobic monomer is in the water phase. The resultant polymers have increased activity in oily water clean-up.

Abstract: A method is described for producing dispersions of polyurea and the like in polyols of increased stability by polymerizing an amine and an isocyanate in the presence of an aminoalcohol, typically an aminopolyol, having the following formula: ##STR1## wherein A and A' are individually connective atoms which may be same or different, and are selected from the group consisting of carbon and oxygen or combinations thereof with hydrogen atoms or the like satisfying the valences; B is a member selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, NR, R being alkyl or aryl, or CR', R' being hydrogen, alkyl or aryl; D is a member selected from the group consisting of ##STR2## wherein a has a value of one to four; X is a member selected from the group consisting of OH, NH.sub.

Abstract: A fiber treatment composition comprising an aqueous dispersion containing;(A) 100 parts by weight of a finely particulate epoxy group-containing organosilasesquioxane substantially represented by general unit formula (I):R.sup.1 SiO.sub.3/2 (I)wherein said organic group having an epoxy group comprises from 0.1 to 50 mol % of the whole R.sup.1 ; and;(B) from 10 to 900 parts by weight of an amino group-containing organopolysiloxane represented by general unit formula (II): ##EQU1## wherein R.sup.2 is a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group or a hydroxyl group; Z is a particular amino group; and 1<a<3, 0<b<1 and 1<a+b<3. This composition is useful for deepening colors of dyed textiles and fabrics and improving softness and feeling, even with respect to synthetic fibers.

Abstract: Organosilicon compounds and organopolysiloxane compositions which are crosslinked by the addition of Si-bonded hydrogen with SiC-bonded vinyl groups and contain the organosilicon compounds as additives for improving the adhesion of the resultant elastomers on the substrates on which they are formed.

Abstract: A storage stable water-based paint comprising a solid silicone resin and an ammonium salt of a drying oil modified acrylic copolymer provide a coating for barbecue grills and other appliances that are subjected to temperatures as high as 1300.degree. F. A smooth and continuous coating remains on the metal after burning off of the acrylic resin and firing of the metal at 1300.degree. F. The paint is redispersible and may be drawn down to 1.5 mils after storage at 120.degree. F. for more than 3 months when the pH is at least about 8.

Abstract: A frozen urethane premix coating material is prepared by mixing together an isocyanate, a hydroxy terminated aliphatic polyol, and an organic solvent in an amount of at least 75 percent by weight of the total weight of the premix, and then freezing the mixture. The storage life of the mixture is several months, after which it is thawed and used as a coating material. In one form, the premix includes 4,4'-diphenyl methane diisocyanate as the isocyanate and a mixture of toluene and methyl ethyl ketone as the solvent.

Abstract: Thixotropic, silica-filled coating compositions wherein the curable film-forming material is an organosiloxane copolymer resin include a liquid polydiorganosiloxane containing hydroxyl-terminated polyoxypropylene units as the flow control agent. The compositions are particularly useful as screen printable passivation coatings for semiconductor devices.

Abstract: Finely divided water insoluble solid particles free of ionic charges and ranging in size from about 0.01 to several hundred microns or higher, including but not limited to paint pigment particles, are given a generally uniform polymeric encapsulation by admixing such particles in an aqueous reaction medium with a water insoluble monomer polymerizable to form a generally water insoluble polymer free of ionic charges in the presence of a nonionic surface active stabilizing agent, preferably a polyethoxylated alkyl phenol containing at least about eight carbon atoms in the alkyl group thereof and preferably at least about 40-50 ethylene oxide groups per molecule, and polymerization of the monomer is then initiated, usually with heating, with a redox polymerization initiating system which is free of ionic groups and does not decompose to release ionic groups in the reaction medium.

Abstract: A plasticized polyurethane elastomer prepared from the combination of a polyol and an isocyanate is disclosed wherein a sufficient amount of an alpha hydroxy acid ester of a hydroxy polyol plasticizer is incorporated in the elastomer to improve the physical properties of the elastomer. The plasticizing agent is represented by the formulaR--[O--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 ].sub.n --O--[CH(V)]m--CH(Y)--O--ZwhereinR=HO--CH(X)--C(O)X=H.sub.3 or HY=H or CH.sub.3 or CH.sub.2 OH or CH.sub.2 OR or CH.sub.2 OW or CH.sub.3 CH.sub.2Z=H or R or WW=CH.sub.3 --[CH.sub.2 ].sub.1 --[CH.dbd.C].sub.p --C(O)V=H or CH.sub.3n=0 or 2m=1 to 31=4 to 20p=0 to 31+2p=4 to 20.

Abstract: A microgel dispersion characterized by that an oil-soluble surface active agent is adsorbed or adhered onto a gel consisting of a fine particle substance and a polymer, and said gel is dispersed in a non-aqueous organic solvent.

Abstract: Highly functional fluorinated polyisocyanates of the formula: ##STR1## wherein Z.sub.1 represents the functional group --O--CO--NH--R--NCO;Z.sub.2 represents the difunctional group --O--CO--NH--R--NH--CO--O--;R.sub.f is a radical derived from fluoropolyethers having a molecular weight between 500 and 7000;T represents a trivalent or tetravalent radical derived from a polyol;q is zero or 1; ands is 1 or 2.Also, varnishes containing said highly functional fluorinated polyisocyanates of formula (I).

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a stable dispersion of a polyurea and/or a polyhydrazodicarbonamide in a relatively high molecular weight hydroxyl-group containing material, which dispersion has a solids content of from 5 to 50 percent by weight and which is obtained by reacting(a) an organic di- and/or polyisocyanate with(b) an amine-functional material comprising an addition product of(1) acrylonitrile and(2) a member selected from the group consisting of(i) hydrazine,(ii) aliphatic di- or polyamines containing at least two primary amino groups,(iii) cycloaliphatic di- or polyamines containing at least two primary amino groups,(iv) araliphatic di- or polyamines containing at least two primary amino groups, and(v) mixtures thereof,the ratio of (1) to (2) being at least one mol of (1) per mol of (2) and at most one mol of (1) for each nitrogen atom contained in (2) per mol of (2),the reaction of component (a) and component (b) being conducted at a temperature of from 30.degree. to 170.degree. C.

Abstract: Graft polymer dispersions in a polyol are prepared by a continuous process employing in situ free radical polymerization of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer in a polyol containing from about 0.001 to 0.09 mole of induced unsaturation per mole of polyol in the presence of an effective amount of a chain transfer agent. Products prepared by this process have uniform viscosity with resulting product uniformity. Polyurethane foams incorporating flame retardants prepared from these dispersions readily pass the California No. 117 Flame Test.

Abstract: Novel polyols, useful in, for example, reaction injection molding, high resiliency foams and the preparation of polymer/polyols, characterized by the following formula: ##STR1## wherein A and A', which may be the same or different, are connective atoms--carbon, oxygen or combinations thereof with hydrogen atoms or the like satisfying the valences; B is nitrogen (N) or CR, R being hydrogen, alkyl, aryl or the like; Q is 0, CH.sub.2 O, C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O, C.sub.3 H.sub.6 O, or C.sub.4 H.sub.8 O; D is an oxyalkylene or ##STR2## X and X', which may be the same or different, are OH, NH.sub.2 or H; Z is OH; n and d are integers of 0 to 10 and the sum of n and d does not exceed 10; s is 0 or 1, and m is an integer of at least about 16, with the proviso that when B is N and either n or d is zero, X and X' are other than H, provide processing advantages and are highly compatible with low molecular weight extenders such as ethylene glycol.

Abstract: The cold resistance of chloroprene rubber can be improved by blending an ester derived from a specified glycol component and a specified fatty acid component without any adverse effect upon the other physical and chemical properties of the rubber. This ester is not extracted with oily matters such as oil or grease, so that the resulting chloroprene rubber composition hardly exhibits a decrease in cold resistance even after extraction with oily matters.

Abstract: An antistatic additive for polymers, particularly polyurethanes is disclosed comprising an ionizable metal salt and an enhancer comprising a non-ionizable salt or ester of an organic acid.

Abstract: Finely divided water insoluble solid particles free of ionic charges and ranging in size from about 0.01 to several hundred microns or higher, including but not limited to paint pigment particles, are given a generally uniform polymeric encapsulation by admixing such particles in an aqueous reaction medium with a water insoluble monomer polymerizable to form a generally water insoluble polymer free of ionic charges in the presence of a nonionic surface active stabilizing agent, preferably a polyethoxylated alkyl phenol containing at least about eight carbon atoms in the alkyl group thereof and preferably at least about 40-50 ethylene oxide groups per molecule, and polymerization of the monomer is then initiated, usually with heating, with a redox polymerization initiating system which is free of ionic groups and does not decompose to release ionic groups in the reaction medium.

Abstract: Connected branch polyols comprising a core segment having a defined molecular weight, one core branch unit directly connected to each end of the core segment, at least one additional branch unit at each end connected directly or indirectly to each core branch unit, and linear polymer segments connected to the branch units are utilized in preparing a wide spectrum of polymer/polyols characterized by superior dispersion stability and viscosity to solids content relationship, the polymer/polyols in turn being employed to prepare polyurethanes having superior performance in flame retardancy tests.

Abstract: A high-solid self-adhesive having a solid content of 65 to 75% by weight and composed of an emulsion obtained by emulsion-copolymerizing a vinyl monomer mixture containing acrylate esters as the main ingredient and further at least one hydrophilic monomer of formula (A), (B) or (C). ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is H or COOH, R.sub.2 is H or CH.sub.3 and R.sub.3 is H or CH.sub.2 OH.A process for the production of the high-solid self-adhesive comprising successively adding a pre-emulsion obtained by previously mixing said vinyl monomer mixture, a surfactant mixture of a nonionic surfactant and an anionic surfactant and water, to the reaction system to carry out an emulsion copolymerization in the presence of a catalyst.

Abstract: Copolymer polyols are prepared by polymerizing an ethylenically unsaturated monomer in a polyahl mixture in the presence of iodine or an iodine-releasing inorganic compound. The use of the iodine or iodine-releasing inorganic compound provides a lower viscosity, more stable copolymer polyahl.

Abstract: Graft polymer dispersions are prepared by polymerizing aqueous solutions of acrylamide in unsaturation-containing polyols. These dispersions are employed in preparing polyurethane products.

Abstract: A stable dispersion of a polymer in a polyol which imparts improved combustion resistance to polyurethane foams prepared therefrom wherein the polymer is a free-radical initiated copolymer containing from about 0.5 to 75 weight percent, based on the copolymer, of acrylonitrile and from about 25 to 99.5 weight percent, based on the copolymer, of at least one other polymerizible ethylenically unsaturated monomer and wherein the copolymer is characterized by a crosslinking coefficient of less than 55.

Abstract: A stable dispersion of a polymer in a polyol which imparts improved combustion resistance to polyurethane foams prepared therefrom wherein the polymer is a free-radical initiated copolymer containing from about 0.5 to 75 weight percent, based on the copolymer, of acrylonitrile and from about 25 to 99.5 weight percent, based on the copolymer, of at least one other polymerizible ethylenically unsaturated monomer and wherein the copolymer is characterized by a crosslinking coefficient of less than 55.

Abstract: Finely divided water insoluble solid particles free of ionic charges and ranging in size from about 0.01 to several hundred microns or higher, including but not limited to paint pigment particles, are given a generally uniform polymeric encapsulation by admixing such particles in an aqueous reaction medium with a water insoluble monomer polymerizable to form a generally water insoluble polymer free of ionic charges in the presence of a nonionic surface active stabilizing agent, preferably a polyethoxylated alkyl phenol containing at least about eight carbon atoms in the alkyl group thereof and preferably at least about 40-50 ethylene oxide groups per molecule, and polymerization of the monomer is then initiated, usually with heating, with a redox polymerization initiating system which is free of ionic groups and does not decompose to release ionic groups in the reaction medium.