Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preparing a nanocomposite material based on a polymeric matrix and a layered double hydroxide, comprising the steps of: a) providing a layered double hydroxide which contains an amount of anions of at least 20%, based on the total number of anions of the layered double hydroxide, which anions are compatible and/or reactive with the polymeric matrix: b) mixing the layered double hydroxide with a monomeric material for forming the polymeric matrix, in an amount such that the polymeric matrix is present in the nanocomposite material in an amount of at least 50% by weight, based on the nanocomposite material; c) polymerizing the monomeric material to form the polymeric matrix. The invention further relates to a nanocomposite material obtainable by such method and to a shaped article manufactured from such nanocomposite material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a nanocomposite material based on a polymeric matrix and a layered double hydroxide, wherein the polymeric matrix is present in an amount of at least 50% by weight, based on the nanocomposite material, and wherein the layered double hydroxide contains an amount of anions of at least 20%, based on the total number of anions of the layered double hydroxide, which anions are compatible and/or reactive with the polymeric matrix, and wherein at least 5% of the above amount of anions contain a second charge-carrying group. The invention further relates to a method for preparing such a nanocomposite material and to a shaped article from such a nanocomposite material.

Abstract: This invention relates to a polymer-clay intercalates, exfoliates, nanocomposites and methods of manufacturing comprising (i) a melt-processible matrix polymer, and incorporated therein (ii) a mixture of at least two layered clay materials. The invention also relates to articles produced from a nanocomposite and a process for preparing a nanocomposite.

Abstract: The invention relates to a crosslinkable impregnating dielectric composition comprising a polydiene polyol, a polyisocyanate and a chemically inert liquid filler, (an insulating liquid) characterized in that a sufficient amount of the said liquid filler is used in order to maintain a viscosity of less than 50 mPa s at the impregnation temperature for a period at least equal to 1 day and in order to obtain a tans at 20° C. and at 50 Hz, after complete crosslinking, of less than 0.02. The invention also relates to a process for preparing the said composition.

Abstract: A polymer composite comprising an epoxy vinyl ester resin or unsaturated polyester matrix having dispersed therein particles derived from a multilayered inorganic material which possesses organophilic properties. The dispersion of the multilayered inorganic material in the polymer matrix is such that an increase in the average interlayer spacing of the layered inorganic material occurs to a significant extent resulting in the formation of a nanocomposite.

Abstract: A thermoplastic composition having a high impact strength is disclosed, said composition being prepared by (I) mixing (A) a thermoplastic selected from a polyester resin or a polyamide resin, (B) a silicone component comprising (B′) a diorganopolysiloxane gum having a plasticity of at least 30 and having an average of at least 2 alkenyl radicals in its molecule and (B″) a fumed silica filler, (C) an organohydrido silicon compound which contains an average of at least 2 silicon-bonded hydrogen groups in its molecule, and (D) a hydrosilation catalyst, components (C) and (D) being present in an amount sufficient to cure said diorganopolysiloxane; and (II) dynamically curing said diorganopolysiloxane gum.

Abstract: The present invention relates to rubber compounds comprising one or more soluble rubbers, hydrophobized filler, and one or more sulfane-silane compounds on an inorganic or organic support and to a process for making them. The novel rubber compounds are suitable for moldings of every kind, especially tires or tire treads having low rolling resistance and high resistance to abrasion.

Abstract: Curable liquid silicone rubber compositions that are curable to form silicone elastomers which are useable as fire resistant sealants. These compositions have low heat release and form hard chars on burning, and comprise: (A) a liquid polyorganosiloxane polymer described by the formula  where each R1 is independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, and halogenated alkyl groups having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, each R2 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, and alkynyl groups, and x is an integer having a value of from about 10 to 1500, (B) a cross-linking organosilicon compound having at least 3 silicon-bonded reactive groups, (C) a catalyst capable of promoting the reaction between the silicon-bonded R2 groups of Component A and the silicon-bonded reactive group of Component B, (D) wollastonite, and (E) an optional reinforcing filler.

Abstract: The disclosure describes methods for producing bulk, particulate material that includes solid, generally ellipsoidal particles. Irregularly shaped feed particles with average particle sizes of up to 25 microns on a volume basis are dispersed in at least a portion of a combustible gas mixture by application of force and/or fluidizing agents. The combustible mixture with particles in suspension is then delivered, while controlling agglomeration or re-agglomeration of the particles, to at least one flame front. There, the mixture and suspended particles are uniformly distributed across the surface(s) of and passed through the flame front(s) with a high concentration of particles in the mixture. This flame front and the resultant flame(s) with suspended particles are located in at least one “wall free” zone. In such zone(s) the flame(s) may expand while the particles are maintained in dispersion and heated, with controlled and highly efficient application of heating energy.

Abstract: Applications of barrier coating mixtures containing in a carrier liquid, (a) an elastomeric (preferably butyl-containing) polymer; (b) a dispersed exfoliated layered filler having an aspect ratio greater than 25; and (c) at least one surfactant, wherein the solids content of the mixture is less than 30% and the ratio of polymer (a) to filler (b) is between 20:1 and 1:1 include coated articles, which are elastomeric, e.g., sports balls and inflatable articles. Methods of manufacturing such coated products are also encompassed.

Abstract: Polymer (e.g., poly(ethylene oxide) or polystyrene is intercalated into galleries of 2:1 layered silicate in the absence of solvent to provide composite where the polymer does not demonstrate melting or glass transition. In a variation, polymer (e.g., polyamide) matrix containing layers of silicate of height less than 1 nanometer is produced by delaminating layers of silicate during the intercalation.

Abstract: The invention provides novel polyether hydroxycarboxylate copolymers which are effective sequestering agents. The polyether hydroxycarboxylate copolymer when used in a cleaning composition enhances or “builds” the cleaning efficiency of the surfactant by inactivating hardness ions. In addition, the polyether hydroxycarboxylate copolymers assist in cleaning by dispersing and suspending soils to prevent the redeposition of soils. The polyether hydroxycarboxylate copolymer has the structure wherein M+ is a cation wherein M is independently selected from hydrogen, ammonia, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, zinc, copper, organic amines, amino acids, and amino saccharides; R2 and R3 are independently hydrogen or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; n is from about 2 to about 100; x1 and x2 are independently 0 or 1; a is from 0 to 99 mole percent; and b is from 100 to 1 mole percent, provided that (a+b) is 100 mole percent.

Abstract: A polyamide resin composition comprising a copolyamide and silicate layers originating from a swellable fluoromica, dispersed in said copolyamide on a molecular level, wherein an average thickness and an average aspect ratio (length/thickness) of the silicate layers are within specific ranges. Also disclosed is a process for preparing the polyamide resin composition.

Abstract: A polymer composite comprising a hydroxy-phenoxyether or polyester polymer matrix having dispersed therein layers of an inorganic material derived from a multilayered inorganic material having organophilic properties. The dispersion of the multilayered inorganic material in the polymer matrix is such that an increase in the average interlayer spacing of the layered inorganic material occurs. This increase in interlayer spacing occurs to a significant extent resulting in the formation of a nanocomposite. The polymers are preferably derived from a diglycidyl ether or ester or an epihalohydrin and a dinucleophile such as a dicarboxylic acid, a difunctional amine, a bisphenol or a sulfonamide. As the organophilic inorganic material clay minerals modified with organic ammonium compounds are used.

Abstract: This invention relates to graft copolymers containing polydiorganosiloxane and polybutylene grafts. More particularly this invention relates to a graft copolymer having a backbone and two or more polymeric side chains, the copolymer formed from the copolymerization of at least one acryloxyalkyl-functional polydiorganosiloxane macromonomer, at least one acryl-terminated, carboxyl-functional polybutylene macromonomer, and at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer which is copolymerizable with the polydiorganosiloxane and polybutylene macromonomers. This invention also relates to a method of making graft copolymers containing polydiorganosiloxane and polybutylene grafts.

Abstract: An organic oligomer binder produced by depolymerizing virgin, scrap, recycled or reclaimed polyethylene terephthalate via an alcoholysis reaction with branched glycols and esterifiing the resulting polyol oligomer with polybasic carboxylic acids and/or anhydrides.

Abstract: A polyamide resin composition comprising (A) a reinforced polyamide resin which comprises 100 parts by weight of a nylon 6 homopolymer or copolymer and 1 to 20 parts by weight of a layered silicate uniformly dispersed in the polymer on the molecular level and (B) a non-reinforced polyamide resin, a test specimen of said composition having a tensile weld strength of 45 MPa or higher and a flexural modulus of 4 GPa or higher.

Abstract: The present invention relates to energy absorbing elastomers having a resilience of no more than 20.0% according to ASTM D2632-92. The energy absorbing elastomers are hydrophobic in nature and have extended gel times thus making them suitable for high volume applications such as coating a large substrate or filling a large void between two substrates.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for the production of reinforced thermoplastic and thermoadhesive polymers, used to make shaped reinforcing pieces for footwear in general, including sports shoes, these reinforced condensation polymers resulting from the polymerization of monomers such as lactones--specifically epsilon caprolactone, and condensable systems of two components, specifically polyisocyanates, polyols or polyolpolyesters--in the presence of reinforcing materials and, optionally, filling materials. The reinforced thermoplastic and thermoadhesive polymers are obtained in the form of sheets, from which the units or pieces are cut to a specified pattern, for example for the toecap, the heel piece or the inner sole.

Abstract: The present invention relates to particulate concentrate compositions formed by intercalation of a polymer polymerizing component into the galleries of a layered inorganic cation exchange composition initially in proton exchanged form and to the use of the particulate concentrates for the preparation of cured polymer-inorganic nanolayer hybrid composite compositions. The polymer polymerizing component comprising the particulate concentrate contains a basic group for reaction with the protons of the inorganic cation exchanger. Also, the polymer polymerizing component contains a functional group for polymerization reaction with a polymer precursor, a mixture of polymer precursors, or a polymer melt which is introduced into the galleries of the inorganic cation exchanger and reacts with the polymer polymerizing component to form a cured polymer-inorganic nanolayer hybrid composite.

Abstract: Barrier coating mixtures contain in a carrier liquid, (a) an elastomeric (preferably butyl-containing) polymer; (b) a dispersed exfoliated layered filler having an aspect ratio greater than 25; and (c) at least one surfactant, wherein the solids content of the mixture is less than 30% and the ratio of polymer (a) to filler (b) is between 20:1 and 1:1. Coated articles, which are rigid or flexible and elastomeric, and free-standing films and membranes, which are flexible and elastomeric, are produced using the barrier coating mixtures.

Abstract: A crosslinkable silicone compound including: a crosslinkable silicone polymer, constituted by polyorganosiloxane; a crosslinking agent, constituted by polyhydrogen organosiloxane; a platinum catalyst; and a synthetic sodium-aluminum zeolite. The compound is completed by inhibitors and/or fillers and/or release agents and/or colors and/or plasticizers and/or additives to modify its rheological characteristics.

Abstract: The invention provides dental composition system having curable liquid which is useful alone as a light curable composition and which is useful by mixing with a powder in preselected proportions to form dual cure compositions. The composition system is useful as bonding agent, cement, liner, base, restorative, pit and fissure sealants, and/or core build-up material, having improved adhesion to dentin. After storing the powder and the liquid in separate containers for at least two weeks and then mixing a portion of the powder and a portion of the liquid to form a mixture, the polymerizable compound polymerizes within 20 minutes of the mixing to form a first polymeric material having a flexural strength of at least 50 MPa, and an expansion in water at 37.degree. C. after 90 days of less than 1 percent by volume.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a coating composition and a pigment dispersant comprising aldimine having the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is alkyl, aryl, cycloaliphatic or substituted alkyl, aryl, cycloaliphatic or heterocyclic group, and R.sub.2 is monomeric or polymeric aliphatic, aromatic, arylaliphatic or cycloaliphatic group which may contain O, N, S, or Si.The coating composition further comprises:b) an isocyanate compound having ubetdione functionality,c) at least one moisture absorbing compound, andd) acid catalyst,wherein the coating composition demonstrates increased pot life and decreased dry time.

Abstract: The pot life of a polyurethane composition is increased by providing a composition containing a polyisocyanate, polyol, highly dispersed silica, and a filler wherein at least a portion of the filler is coated.

Abstract: Composites suitable for use as prostheses for attachment to soft tissues, such as cartilage, tendons, skin, tympanic membrane and gingiva, as well as to cancellous or trabecular bone, are based on combination of a polyolefinic binder with certain bioactive glass materials. The composites bond actively with soft tissues and are readily formulated achieve mechanical properties comparable to those of the soft tissue of interest.

Abstract: Polymer (e.g., poly(ethylene oxide) or polystyrene is intercalated into galleries of 2:1 layered silicate in the absence of solvent to provide composite where the polymer does not demonstrate melting or glass transition. In a variation, polymer (e.g., polyamide) matrix containing layers of silicate of height less than 1 nanometer is produced by delaminating layers of silicate during the intercalation.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing filled polyurethane elastomers, and more particularly to a process for producing highly filled polyurethane elastomers in which resin solid separation is substantially reduced. The separation rate of the solid particulate fillers contained in a filled polyol resin is significantly reduced, and the subject process can be optimized to lower the viscosity of the uncured liquid reaction mixture prior to curing same to form a solid, thereby substantially non-cellular filled polyurethane elastomer. The above-described benefits can be accomplished by reacting together a three-component polyurethane system comprising (a) a filled polyether polyol resin having a particulate filler material dispersed therein, (b) a polyisocyanate, and (c) a catalyst solution for reacting (a) and (b) to form said filled polyurethane elastomer.

Abstract: A curable organopolysiloxane composition is disclosed, comprising (A) 100 parts by weight of an organopolysiloxane having at least two monovalent aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon groups bonded to the silicon atoms per molecule, (B) an organopolyhydrogensiloxane having at least three hydrogen atoms bonded to the silicon atoms per molecule in such an amount that the number of the hydrogen atoms bonded to the silicon atoms falls within a range of from 0.25 to 8 per monovalent aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon group in component (A), (C) a catalyst selected from the group consisting of platinum and platinum compounds in an amount of from 0.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a latex comprising water and a layered material intercalated with a polymer. The invention also relates to a nanocomposite material comprising a layered material intercalated with a polymer. The latex can be produced by forming a dispersion of layered material in water, adding surfactant, polymerizable monomer or monomers, and a polymerization initiator to the mixture and then polymerizing the monomer to form a latex. The latex can also be formed from preformed polymers. Composite materials formed from latexes produced by either method have improved mechanical properties and reduced air permeability.

Abstract: A composition useful as a restorative material includes a curable matrix with whiskers which preferably have a silicon dioxide containing coating thereon that are then silanized and may also include optional particulate filler of the type which may release fluorides. The polymeric matrix bonds more tightly to the whiskers due to the coating of silicon dioxide on the surface of the whiskers and the coaction between said silicon dioxide and the silane compound. Particles adhered to the whisker also enhance the mechanical properties by virtue of the whisker's surface being thereby roughened. A method of manufacture is also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to flame retardants for synthetic resin compositions. It is a composition comprising:(A) about 30 to about 70 wt. percent of a synthetic resin which is,(1) about 30 to about 70 wt. percent of a first resin which is polypropylene, polycarbonate, polyphenylene oxide or polystyrene, or copolymers of polystyrene and maleic anhydride, and(2) about 30 to about 70 wt. percent of a second resin which is polyethylene terephthalate, or nylon 6,6, or blends or mixtures thereof,wherein the wt. percentages of (A)(1) and (A)(2) total 100% as between (A)(1) and (A)(2),(B) a flame retardant selected from the group consisting of(1) about 20 to about 45 wt. percent of melamine pyrophosphate, or(2) about 15 to about 30 wt. percent of melamine pyrophosphate and up to about 10 wt. percent charring catalyst; or(3) about 15 to about 30 wt. percent of melamine pyrophosphate, up to about 10 wt. percent charring catalyst, and up to about 10 wt. percent of a char former, or(4) about 20 to about 40 wt.

Abstract: A composite particulate material for resin reinforcement which comprises an inorganic particulate material (A) and an elastic polymer (B) having a glass transition temperature of -10.degree. C. or below and also having functional groups capable of forming chemical bonds with resins to be reinforced, said components (A) and (B) accounting for 50-99 wt % and 50-1 wt %, respectively, of their total amount. A process for producing said composite particulate material. A reinforced resin composition incorporated with said composite particulate material. The resin composition yields molded articles which are improved in mutually contradicting properties (that is, impact strength vs. stiffness and elongation at break vs. heat resistance) and which have mechanical properties with less anisotropy. It offers good characteristic properties which are hardly attained by conventional engineering plastic materials.

Abstract: Method, composition and structure are provided for tooth restorations comprising a urethane polymer having a crystalline polymer phase distributed in a noncrystalline polymer phase by virtue of differential reactivity of the urethane forming reagents.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing immobilized polysulphide silanes, characterized by the conversion of a halogenated alkyl silane (A), optionally in the presence of a further organic halogen compound (B), with a polysulphide (C) in the presence of water and an inorganic or organic carrier material, wherein the content of the carrier material in the (dried and water-insoluble) end product is 20 to 99.5 wt. %.The immobilized polysulphide silanes are used for producing rubber mixtures and vulcanisates, particularly for tires, which have a low rolling resistance and an enhanced thermal load capacity.

Abstract: An extrudable urea-extended thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer is formed from at least one aliphatic diisocyanate, at least one polyester glycol or polyether glycol, and at least one diamine curing agent. At least one second diamine curing agent and/or at least one extrusion processing aid may be included. The polyurethane has high-temperature-resistance and is thus extrudable at high temperatures. The polyurethane is also strong and durable. The polyurethane can be liquid-cast, injection-molded, transfer-molded, sprayed, and extruded without changing either the chemistry or stoichiometry of the polyurethane. The polyurethane may be used for making vehicle air bags or other any application for thermoplastic urethanes which requires increased thermal stability.

Abstract: A rapid disintegrating and dispersing composition for thickening liquid waste into a thixotropic gel comprises a polymeric acrylic resin and a colloid-forming mixture of microcrystalline cellulose and sodium carboxymethylcellulose. Additional ingredients preferably used in making a tableted form of the composition include microcrystalline cellulose per se, polyvinylpolypyrrolidone, magnesium stearate and amorphous silica. The tablet is placed in suitable containment means such as a containment bag. The thixotropic properties of the composition enable the gelled waste to be restored to a liquid when small amounts of hand pressure are applied to the waste containment bag, thereby providing a convenient and simple means for disposal.

Abstract: There is disclosed a water-repellent powder which is prepared by (A) coating the surface of a deliquescent powder with a curable silicone-based formation agent; and (B) curing said formation agent to provide a silicone-based cured film on said powder. Preferably, the deliquescent powder is selected from the group consisting of ammonium acetate, potassium acetate and sodium acetate.

Abstract: A water-dispersible organic clay complex in which a quaternary ammonium ion having both an oxypropylene unit and an oxyethylene unit is present in interlamellar space of an expansible phyllosilicate. This complex is excellent in dispersibility in an aqueous medium and generates excellent water resistance of the resulting coated film when used as a rheology control agent for an aqueous coating composition.

Abstract: The presently claimed process for applying a coating to a substrate and coating composition comprises coating on the substrate the composition comprising a mixture of the precious stone pigment lapis lazuli having a grain size of from 5 to 90 microns with a colorless vehicle comprising a lacquer system in an amount effective to encapsulate the stone pigment, the mixture also comprising a pyrite or pulverised material.

Abstract: A polyamide film having been drawn at a draw ratio of 2 or more in at least one direction, which comprises a polyamide resin composition comprising from 90 to 99.99% by weight of a polyamide and from 10 to 0.01% by weight of a fluoromica-based mineral with swelling characteristics. The film is excellent in piercing pinhole strength and mechanical strength and heat dimensional stability after a retort treatment.

Abstract: A zeolite polycondensation catalyst comprising an alkali- or alkaline earth metal aluminum silicate zeolite having an original water content of 12 to 30 weight % and a solubility, measured at 260.degree. C., in an esterification mixture consisting essentially of bis(hydroxy ethylene)terephthalate, of over 8.0 weight %, and an average particle size of less than 1.0.mu.. The present invention is also a process for the production of polyester using this catalyst.

Abstract: There is provided a process comprising polymerizing a compound selected from the group consisting of a conjugated diene, a vinyl-substituted aromatic compound, and mixtures thereof in a gas phase fluidized polymerization vessel under polymerization conditions in the presence of at least one anionic initiator, optionally in the presence of an inert particulate material. A novel resin particle produced by the process is also provided.

Abstract: Composites suitable for use as prostheses for attachment to soft tissues, such as cartilage, tendons, skin, tympanic membrane and gingiva, as well as to cancellous or trabecular bone, are based on combination of a polyolefinic binder with certain bioactive glass materials. The composites bond actively with soft tissues and are readily formulated achieve mechanical properties comparable to those of the soft tissue of interest.

Abstract: Intercalates formed by contacting the layer material, e.g., a phyllosilicate, with an intercalant polymer to sorb or intercalate the polymer between adjacent platelets of the layered material. Sufficient intercalant polymer is sorbed between adjacent platelets to expand the adjacent platelets to a spacing of at least about 50 .ANG. (as measured after water removal to a maximum of 5% by weight water), up to about 100 .ANG. and preferably in the range of about 10-45 .ANG., so that the intercalate easily can be exfoliated into individual platelets. The intercalated complex is combined with an organic liquid into an unexpectedly viscous carrier material, for delivery of the carrier material, or for delivery of an active compound, e.g., a pharmaceutical, or cosmetic, or lubricant, e.g., food guide lubricants dissolved or dispersed in the carrier material. Alternatively, the intercalated complex can be exfoliated prior to combination with the organic liquid.

Abstract: A dental material that contains di- and poly(meth)acrylates and an inorganic filler in the form of a finely divided synthetic crystalline silicic acid with a sheet structure and optionally a very finely ground glass.

Abstract: Nanocomposites are manufactured by combining a matrix polymer and exfoliated intercalates formed by contacting a phyllosilicate with a water-insoluble polymer to adsorb or intercalate the polymer between adjacent phyllosilicate platelets. Sufficient water-insoluble polymer is adsorbed between adjacent phyllosilicate platelets to expand the adjacent platelets to a spacing of at least about 10 .ANG. (as measured after water removal), up to about 100 .ANG. and preferably in the range of about 30-40 .ANG., so that the intercalate easily can be exfoliated, e.g., when mixed with a polymer melt, to provide a matrix polymer/platelet composite (nanocomposite) material--the platelets being exfoliated from the intercalate.

Abstract: A silicone composition is formed as a system including: a silicone compound, reactive group-containing modified silicic acid powder of which surface has been modified with an alkylsilane, a hexamethyldisilazane, a dimethylsilicone oil, or a mixture thereof, and an unsaturated group-containing silane compound; and inorganic fine powder carrying a surfactant. The silicone compound is preferably an addition reaction-type silicone rubber prepared from a dimethyl polysiloxane having a vinyl group, a methylhydrogenpolysiloxane and a platinum-based catalyst. The silicone composition is heat-cured to provide an elastic revolution body which is suitably used to constitute one or both of a fixing roller and a mating pressure roller in a roller fixing device for electrophotography.

Abstract: The present invention relates to organopolysiloxane-containing compositions which are self-dispersing in water, their preparation and their use. The compositions of the present invention are suitable for all uses where organosilicon compounds, especially in water-diluted form, can be employed. Such uses include uses as water repellant agents on building materials.

Abstract: Composite material with high mechanical strength and excellent high-temperature characteristics comprising a polymer matrix containing polyamide and layers of a silicate uniformly dispersed in the order of molecules in the polymer matrix, each of said silicate layers being 7 to 12 Å thick and the interlayer distance being at least 20 Å; and a process for manufacturing such composite material.