Abstract: The instant invention is directed to a process for the production of high molecular weight water-in-oil polymer emulsions of cationic polymers.

Abstract: A hydrophobic liquid including a polyvalent isocyanate therein is dispersed in an aqueous medium in the presence of a specific polymer dissolved therein to form an emulsion system for producing microcapsules. The specific polymer dissolved in the aqueous medium is a homopolymer or copolymer including monomer units represented by the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen or alkyl, M is ammonium, sodium, potassium, lithium or hydrogen and Q is further represented by ##STR2## wherein Y is methylene, ethylene or polymethylene having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, which methylene, ethylene or polymethylene may be substituted by at least one alkyl.

Abstract: A preparation of water base character in the nature of a dispersion for providing a continuous even film or coating upon application comprising a water phase and a continuous phase wherein the active ingredient may be either water soluble or water insoluble, and including cocodiethanolamide as a dispersal agent.

Abstract: Stable concentrated water-in-oil emulsions of water-soluble polymers such as polyacrylamide are provided by concentrating a water-in-oil preconcentrate emulsion of the water-soluble polymer containing an inverting surfactant in an amount sufficient to reduce the bulk viscosity of the preconcentrate emulsion.

Abstract: There are disclosed polymerizable alkyl poly(oxyalkylene) esters of an acrylate oligomer and copolymers thereof, especially stable, aqueous dispersions of water-insoluble emulsion copolymers of (1) about 10-70% by weight of methacrylic or acrylic acid, (2) about 0.5-25% by weight of an alkyl poly(oxyalkylene) ester of an acrylate oligomer, and (3) at least 25% by weight, to a total of 100%, of a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl (meth)acrylate, and optionally, included in the total monomer mixture, a small amount of (4) about 0.5-1% by weight, of a polyethylenically unsaturated monomer. The copolymers, when neutralized and solubilized by addition of an alkali, are high efficiency thickeners for aqueous systems and have improved tolerance to ionic or electrolyte content. Typical systems that can be thickened are paint latices, cosmetic preparations, food preparations, ionic detergents, dye pastes for textiles, pharmaceuticals, and oil well drilling muds.

Abstract: There are disclosed polymerizable alkyl poly(oxyethylene) poly(carbonyloxyethylene)acrylates and copolymers thereof, especially stable, aqueous dispersions of water-insoluble emulsion copolymers of (1) about 10-70% by weight of (meth)acrylic, (2) about 0.5-25% by weight of an alkyl poly(oxyethylene) poly(carbonyloxyethylene) acrylate, and (3) at least 25% by weight, to a total of 100%, of a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl (meth)acrylate, and, optionally included in the total monomer mixture, a small amount, about 0.05-1% by weight, of a polyethylenically unsaturated monomer. The copolymers, when neutralized and solubilized by addition of an alkali, are high efficiency thickeners for aqueous systems and have improved tolerance to ionic or electrolyte content. Typical systems that can be thickened are paint latices, dye pastes for preparations, food preparations, ionic detergents, dye pastes for textiles, pharmaceuticals, and oil well drilling muds.

Abstract: Cationic water-in-oil emulsions of water-soluble polymers and copolymers of at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer are prepared by including in the formulation a metal halide and sodium borate. The products are useful as drainage aids, retention aids, flotation aids, process water flocculants, and the like in the manufacture of paper and paper products; waste effluent treatment; oil recovery operations; and mining operations.

Abstract: Hydrophilic latex particles consisting of a homo- or co-polymer of monomers which are sparingly soluble in water, which hydrophilic latex particles can be prepared by emulsion polymerization in the presence of a water-soluble, radical-forming initiator but without an addition of an emulsifier, stabilizer or wetting agent. A process for the preparation of these hydrophilic latex particles, wherein a monomer which is sparingly soluble in water or several monomers which are sparingly soluble in water are dispersed in water and, with the exclusion of oxygen, for example in an inert atmosphere, are homo- or co-polymerized by emulsion polymerization in the presence of a water-soluble, radical-forming initiator but without any addition of an emulsifier, stabilizer or wetting agent.A diagnostic agent containing these hydrophilic latex particles as carrier and biologically and/or immunologically active substances covalently bound to this carrier either directly or via a coupling agent as a bridge.

Abstract: Water-in-oil emulsions of copolymers of acrylamide and dimethylaminopropylacrylamide are disclosed. These polymers find use as retention aids in the manufacture of paper and as dewatering agents for municipal and industrial aqueous waste materials. Methods of preparing these polymers are disclosed.

Abstract: A chemically initiated water-in-oil emulsion polymerization process is disclosed for making water-soluble anionic copolymers from water-soluble, ethylenically unsaturated, addition polymerizable monomers. Improved products are obtained by adding a water-soluble salt to the aqueous phase of the water-in-oil emulsion prior to polymerization.

Abstract: An amphoteric water-in-oil self-inverting polymer emulsion is prepared which contains a copolymer of (1) a nonionic vinyl monomer and (2) an amphoteric vinyl monomer or a terpolymer of (1) a nonionic vinyl monomer, (2) an anionic vinyl monomer and (3) a cationic vinyl monomer in the aqueous phase, a hydrocarbon oil for the oil phase, a water-in-oil emulsifying agent and an inverting surfactant. An example of a copolymer is a copolymer of (1) a nonionic vinyl monomer such as acrylamide or methacrylamide and (2) an amphoteric vinyl monomer such as a reaction product of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate and monochloroacetic acid. An example of a terpolymer is a terpolymer of (1) a nonionic vinyl monomer such as acrylamide or methacrylamide, (2) an anionic vinyl monomer such as sodium acrylate and (3) a cationic vinyl monomer such as a triethyl ammonium ethyl methacrylate methosulfate salt.

Abstract: A hydrous gel consisting essentially of a water-in-oil dispersion cured with a crosslinking agent. The dispersion comprises a rubber component in which water is dispersed in the form of droplets in the presence of a surfactant. The rubber component is based on a liquid polyisoprene rubber having a cis-1,4 content of not less than 70% and a molecular weight of 8,000 to 120,000 or a modified polyisoprene rubber which is an adduct of the above-mentioned liquid polyisoprene rubber and maleic anhydride or a derivative thereof. The hydrous gel provides cold- and heat-retaining materials, perfume-retaining materials, adhesives for medical use, poultices and shock-absorbing materials.

Abstract: An amphoteric water-in-oil self-inverting polymer emulsion is prepared which contains a copolymer of (1) a nonionic vinyl monomer and (2) an amphoteric vinyl monomer or a terpolymer of (1) a nonionic vinyl monomer, (2) an anionic vinyl monomer and (3) a cationic vinyl monomer in the aqueous phase, a hydrocarbon oil for the oil phase, a water-in-oil emulsifying agent and an inverting surfactant. An example of a copolymer is a copolymer of (1) a nonionic vinyl monomer such as acrylamide or methacrylamide and (2) an amphoteric vinyl monomer such as a reaction product of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate and monochloroacetic acid. An example of a terpolymer is a terpolymer of (1) a nonionic vinyl monomer such as acrylamide or methacrylamide, (2) an anionic vinyl monomer such as sodium acrylate and (3) a cationic vinyl monomer such as a triethyl ammonium ethyl methacrylate methosulfate salt.

Abstract: Polymerization method utilizing a three-phase system: water-in-oil-in-water or oil-in-water-in-oil comprising the steps (a) adding the monomer material to be polymerized into the innermost water or oil phase; (b) adding, with mechanical agitation, the product of Step a to the middle oil or water phase, said phase containing appropriate surfactant, whereby an emulsion is formed; (c) adding, with mechanical agitation, the emulsion product of Step b to the outermost water or oil phase, said phase containing appropriate surfactant, wherein polymerization proceeds in the innermost water or oil phase until complete.