Abstract: An adhesive of starch and an ammonium-based latex improves wet-pin adhesion for paperboard and corrugated board. The latexes are typical styrene-butadiene and carboxylated styrene-butadiene latexes but untypically are polymerized in the presence of a volatile base such as ammonium hydroxide.

Abstract: A porous, open-pore, hardened, plastic composition suitable as a replacement for plaster for use as a mold in shaping a ceramic article by any of various ceramic shaping methods prepared by subjecting a water-in-oil emulsion to hardening, without breaking the emulsion, and then drying the hardened product, the emulsion having a viscosity of 1600-5000 cP and/or containing 2-12% by weight of an alkali-reactive, water-binding material, the water phase/oil phase ratio providing an open pore volume in the composition equivalent to 10-60% of the total volume of the composition.

Abstract: The properties of water soluble or, especially water swellable polymer particles are improved by surface cross linking that is caused by providing a dispersion of gel polymer particles in an organic solvent, reacting the surfaces of these particles with dissolved cross linking agent and azeotropically distilling the dispersion.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for producing a water-in-oil emulsion of a water-soluble polyacrylamide or polyacrylic acid polymer or copolymer by the inverse emulsion process characterized in that there is used as the emulsifying agent for the water-in-oil emulsion a water-insoluble, oil-soluble surface active agent of the formula (I):X--Y--Z Ior a functional derivative thereof, wherein X- represents a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon chain containing from 30 to 500 carbon atoms, --Y-- represents a succinic anhydride residue carried terminally upon the group X--, and --Z represents a hydrophilic group carried by the group --Y--.

Abstract: Dispersions in water-immiscible liquid of water-soluble or water-swellable polymer particles are stabilized by use of an aqueous emulsion of water insoluble viscosifying polymer particles that are swellable or soluble in the water-immiscible liquid. After adding the emulsion to the water-immiscible liquid, water is removed from around the particles of the viscosifying polymer, preferably by absorption into the water swellable or soluble polymer particles. Water-immiscible liquids in general can be thickened particularly effectively by use of an aqueous emulsion of water insoluble viscosifying polymer particles that are swellable but insoluble in the water-immiscible liquid. These insoluble particles have a dry size below 10 .mu.m and are formed from monomers of which 80 to 100% are hydrophobic, 30 to 100% are polar and hydrophobic, 0 to 20% are hydrophilic and not more than 30% by weight are aromatic.

Abstract: The instant invention is directed to a surfactant system for use in manufacturing water-in-oil emulsions of water-soluble polymers made from ethylenically unsaturated monomers comprising 25 to 85 percent, by weight, an oil-soluble alkanolamide, 5 to 35 percent, by weight, a polyoxyethylene derivative of a sorbitan ester, and 0 to 50 percent, by weight sorbitan monooleate.

Abstract: A water-in-oil emulsion polymerization process is provided for preparing water-in-oil latexes of water-soluble polymers of ethylenically unsaturated monomers. The process utilizes as a chain transfer agent a thiol having the formula HS-Y(Z).sub.x wherein Y is a hydrocarbyl radical having 2-5 carbons and a valence of x+1; Z is selected from the group consisting of --OH, --CO.sub.2 H and --CO.sub.2 R wherein R is an alkyl radical of 1-3 carbon atoms; x is an integer of 1 or 2 and wherein the total number of carbon atoms per molecule of the thiol is 2-7.

Abstract: A microgel dispersion characterized by that an oil-soluble surface active agent is adsorbed or adhered onto a gel consisting of a fine particle substance and a polymer, and said gel is dispersed in a non-aqueous organic solvent.

Abstract: A copolymer composition prepared in a water-in-oil emulsion by polymerizing a monomer system comprising a surfactant monomer and a water soluble vinyl monomer.

Abstract: Water-in-oil compositions having a continuous oil phase comprising a silicone and a hydrocarbon cleaning component, a discontinuous water phase, comprise as emulsifier an organopolysiloxane of the formulaZ(Me).sub.2 SiO[(Me).sub.2 SiO].sub.x [(Me)(R)SiO].sub.y [(Me)(QR')SiO].sub.z --Si(Me.sub.2)Zwhere Me denotes methyl, Q a polyoxyalkylene radical, R a C.sub.6 -C.sub.16 alkyl radical, R' an alkylene and Z a monovalent radical. The organopolysiloxane allows stability and easy emulsification of water into an oil phase comprising those silicones and hydrocarbons which are preferred in polishes.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for manufacturing a porous polymer containing many voids in its interior, which has a small apparent specific gravity and is superior in terms of water absorbing properties, permeability and elasticity. The process comprises (1) forming O/W emulsion by using a water soluble surfactant wherein an inner phase of the O/W emulsion is a hydrophobic phase and an outer phase thereof is a water phase containing at least one water-soluble polymerizable monomer; (2) adding said O/W emulsion to a hydrophobic dispersing medium containing an oil-soluble surfactant to form O/W/O emulsion; and (3) polymerizing the monomer.

Abstract: Water-in-oil emulsions of monomers which form water-soluble polymers are polymerized in the presence of a biphase initiator system containing both an oil-soluble initiator and a water-soluble initiator or activator or alternatively a water-soluble initiator and an oil-soluble activator which results in polymers having improved performance characteristics. In addition, the system permits the satisfactory polymerization of monomers which could not have been reproducibly polymerized.

Abstract: Bead polymers are prepared by reverse suspension polymerization by a process in which an aqueous solution of water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomers are polymerized in an aliphatic hydrocarbon using an inorganic suspending agent based on a modified finely divided mineral and, in addition, from 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on the monomers used, of a nonionic surfactant, in the presence of a polymerization initiator, with the formation of a water-in-oil polymer suspension.

Abstract: A process for the water-in-oil emulsion polymerization of at least one ethylenically-unsaturated water-soluble monomer is disclosed which comprises forming a water-in-oil emulsion of said monomer, forming a small amount of polymer of said monomer in said emulsion to obtain a shear stable emulsion and then completing the polymerization of the monomer.

Abstract: A method for producing a plastic material from a water-in-oil emulsion of an unsaturated polyester resin dissolved in a hardenable compound containing an ethylenically unsaturated group. The emulsion has an adjusted viscosity of 1600-5000 cp. The plastic material is suitable as a replacement for plaster in the shaping of ceramics. The emulsion may contain an alkali-reactive water-binding material to increase the ceramic forming capability of the plastic material.

Abstract: A suspending agent useful in a water-in-oil suspension polymerization process comprises a fumed silica particulate having a hydrophobic character and a hydrophobic polymer. The suspending agent is useful in providing uniformly sized aqueous fluid absorbent polymer beads.

Abstract: The instant invention is directed to a surfactant system for use in manufacturing water-in-oil emulsions of water-soluble polymers made from ethylenically unsaturated monomers comprising 25 to 85 percent, by weight, an oil-soluble alkanolamide, 5 to 35 percent, by weight, a polyoxyethylene derivative of a sorbitan ester, and 0 to 50 percent, by weight sorbitan monooleate.

Abstract: Water-immiscible liquids, for example oil-based drilling fluids, are thickened by the addition of an aqueous dispersion of polymeric particles that are water-insoluble, and insoluble but swellable polymer, in the water immiscible liquid. The particles have a unswollen average diameter of less than 10 .mu.m and at least 30% by weight are preferably in the range 0.5 to 5 .mu.m. Preferred polymers are formed from more than 80% by weight hydrophobic monomers, preferably alkyl (meth) acrylates, and up to 20% hydrophilic monomers, preferably unsaturated carboxylic acids, preferably acrylic acid.

Abstract: Transparent aqueous organopolysiloxane compositions comprising (A) a salt of a water-soluble organic or inorganic acid and a polysiloxane, which contains in addition to the other siloxane units siloxane units containing SiC-bonded monovalent radicals having basic nitrogen atoms in an amount of at least 0.5 percent by weight, based on the weight of the polysiloxane; and (B) an organic silicon compound having basic nitrogen atoms in an amount of from 0 to 0.5 percent by weight, based on the weight of the organic silicon compound; and when constituent (B) does not contain at least one organic silicon compound having a molecular weight greater than 600 g/mol in an amount of at least 0.1 part per part by weight of contituent (A), then an organic solvent (C) is present in an amount up to about 5 percent by weight based on the weight of constituent (A), in which the organic solvent is soluble in water up to about 1 part by weight per 100 parts by weight of water at 20.degree. C. and 1020 hPa (abs.

Abstract: Water soluble salts of acrylic acid are polymerized and co-polymerized with acrylamide by an inverse emulsion polymerization in a water/hydrocarbon emulsion without catalyst to yield high molecular weight polymers.

Abstract: The instant invention is directed to a method for suppressing dust comprising contacting a dust-producing material with an emulsion comprising: (a) 20-99.5%, by weight, water and (b) the balance a composition comprising at least one methacrylate polymer, at least one hydrophobic liquid, and at least one emulsifying surfactant. The instant invention is also directed to the above described emulsions.

Abstract: In an improved water-in-oil emulsion of the type which contains one or more finely divided water soluble vinyl addition polymers, one or more water soluble water-in-oil emulsifying agents, a hydrocarbon liquid and an aqueous phase, the improvement comprising an aqueous phase ranging from about 30% to about 50% by weight of the emulsion.

Abstract: Concentrated, stable water-in-oil emulsions of water-soluble or water-swellable polymers are prepared by polymerization of one or more water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomers in a water-in-oil emulsion and removal of water from the water-in-oil polymer emulsion by azeotropic distillation, by a method in which superheated vapor of an inert organic solvent which is immiscible with water is passed into the water-in-oil polymer emulsion. Using the process, it is also possible to concentrate emulsions which tend to coagulate or water-in-oil emulsions which are sensitive to shearing, without the polymers losing their effectiveness.

Abstract: A dispersion for the water-in-oil suspension polymerization is stabilized by a stabilizer comprising a polymer having 70 to 99 mole percent of a lipophilic, ethylenically unsaturated monomer units and 1 to 30 mole percent of ethylenically unsaturated monomer units having a cationic group.

Abstract: An adhesive for a rubber compound, comprising a water-in-oil emulsion containing a rubber, carbon black, a zinc compound, a tackifier, an organic solvent, a nonionic surfactant and water.

Abstract: Multi-modal emulsions comprise a continuous oil phase and a discontinuous aqueous phase having two or more droplet size distributions and comprising a water-soluble polymer. Such emulsions are prepared by subjecting portions of the emulsion to varying rates of shear during emulsion formation. The multi-modal emulsions can have high polymer solids, reduced oil content, low bulk viscosity and high stability.

Abstract: A process for the water-in-oil emulsion polymerization of at least one ethylenically-unsaturated monomer is disclosed wherein a water-in-oil emulsion of said monomer is polymerized in the presence of a first, highly reactive polymerization initiator until a small amount of polymer is present sufficient to provide a shear-stable emulsion, followed by completing the polymerization in the presence of a second, less reactive polymerization initiator.

Abstract: A light-weight high-strength plastic concrete is obtained by mixing a nonionic surface active agent having a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of 3 to 6, a vinyl monomer, and a cement slurry with stirring to form a W/O type emulsion, thereafter polymerizing the vinyl monomer and hardening the cement in the W/O type emulsion simultaneously.The plastic concrete obtained by the aforesaid process has a smooth surface and the appearance thereof is almost same as that of an ordinary cement concrete. The plastic concrete is also excellent in workability such as cutting, scraping riveting, etc.

Abstract: A process for preparing polymeric microgel by aqueous dispersion polymerization techniques is disclosed. The emulsion can be inverted into organic diluent, and the water removed to form a dispersion of the microgel in the organic diluent. The microgel can be formulated into coating compositions where it improves the sag resistance and metallic pigment pattern control of the coating composition.

Abstract: A stable, water dispersable, substantially anhydrous disperson of water soluble or water swellable polymer particles in water immiscible liquid is made by reverse phase suspension polymerization and dehydration of the dispersion and is rendered dispersable in water by the addition of an oil soluble surfactant having HLB above 7.

Abstract: A method for producing water-dispersible compositions is characterized in that an organo-synthetic resin having a softening point of not less than 65.degree. C. is uniformly heating-mixed with a surface active agent, the mixture obtained is then uniformly mixed with water with stirring while maintaining a temperature above the phase inversion temperature, and the resulting system comprising said resin, surface active agent and water is cooled below the phase inversion temperature to bring about phase inversion in the system, whereby said resin is dispersed in water in the form of fine particles (the phase inversion temperature shall be a temperature higher than 30.degree. C. below the softening point of the organo-synthetic resin but lower than the said softening point.

Abstract: This invention is a method of producing an aqueous latex of crosslinked polydiorganosiloxane. The latex yields an elastomer upon removal of the water. The latex is prepared by homogenizing a mixture of hydroxyl endblocked polydiorganosiloxane; a silane of the formula R.sub.a 'Si(OR.sup.3).sub.4-a where R' is a monovalent hydrocarbon radical of up to 12 carbon atoms, R.sup.3 is an alkyl radical of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a partial hydrolyzate, or mixture of silane and hydrolyzate, and a is 0 or 1; a surface active anionic catalyst of the formulae R.sup.2 C.sub.6 H.sub.4 SO.sub.3 H wherein R.sup.2 is a monovalent hydrocarbon radical of at least 6 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 OSO.sub.2 OH, or ##STR1## wherein R.sup.4 is H or R.sup.2 ; and water. The resulting emulsion is maintained at a temperature of 15.degree. to 30.degree. C. for at least 5 hours at a pH of less than 5 until a crosslinked polymer is formed, then this emulsion is admixed with base to a pH of greater than 7.

Abstract: This invention is a method of producing a latex of crosslinked polydiorganosiloxane reinforced with colloidal silica. The method allows the production of a latex having a relatively high amount of silica present in relation to the polymer because the water used to form the emulsion can be that present in the acidic colloidal silica sol used in the method. The high solids latex can be useful as a caulking material. The method homogenizes a hydroxyl endblocked polydiorganosiloxane, a silane of the formula R'.sub.a Si(OR.sup.3).sub.4-a where R' is a monovalent hydrocarbon radical of up to 12 carbon atoms, R.sup.3 is an alkyl radical of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a partial hydrolyzate, or mixture of silane and hydrolyzate, and a is 0 or 1; a surface active anionic catalyst of the formulae R.sup.2 C.sub.6 H.sub.4 SO.sub.3 H wherein R.sup.2 is a monovalent hydrocarbon radical of at least 6 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 OSO.sub.2 OH, or ##STR1## wherein R.sup.4 is H or R.sup.

Abstract: Multi-modal emulsions comprise a continuous oil phase and a discontinuous aqueous phase having two or more droplet size distributions and comprising a water-soluble polymer. Such emulsions are prepared by subjecting portions of the emulsion to varying rates of shear during emulsion formation. The multi-modal emulsions can have high polymer solids, reduced oil content, low bulk viscosity and high stability.

Abstract: New copolymers soluble in water and aqueous acids are disclosed comprising in a statistical distribution in the macromolecule at least 5% by weight of entities containing a formylamino functionality and at least 10% by weight of entities containing an amino carbonyl functionality, which are stable in high concentrations of Bronsted-Lowery acids and can be used as friction reducers in the stimulation of oil or gas wells.

Abstract: A process for preparing polymeric microgel by aqueous dispersion polymerization techniques is disclosed. The emulsion can be inverted into organic diluent, and the water removed to form a dispersion of the microgel in the organic diluent. The microgel can be formulated into coating compositions where it improves the sag resistance and metallic pigment pattern control of the coating composition.

Abstract: A process for preparing a water-in-oil emulsion of an anionic polymer which comprises emulsion polymerizing an anionic monomer in a water-in-oil emulsion containing a mixture of anionic and nonionic surfactants.

Abstract: A dispersion of water soluble or water swellable polymer in water immiscible liquid is made by reverse phase polymerization utilizing a dispersing system comprising a polymerization stabilizer and the resulting dispersion, optionally after dehydration, may be distributed into water utilizing a distributing system. The dispersing system or the distributing system, or both, includes at least one non-ionic compound selected from C.sub.6-12 alkanols, C.sub.4-12 alkylene glycol monoethers and their C.sub.1-4 alkanoates, C.sub.6-12 polyalkylene glycol monoethers and their C.sub.1-4 alkanoates and benzyl alcohol. Novel dispersions are made by reverse phase polymerization and, in particular, include a non-ionic compound selected from C.sub.4-12 alkylene glycol monoethers, their C.sub.1-4 alkanoates and C.sub.6-12 polyalkylene glycol monoethers and their C.sub.1-4 alkanoates. When the polymer is water soluble a solution of it in water can be made by distributing the dispersion into water.

Abstract: A stable water-in-oil emulsion of a hydrophobe associative copolymer of a water-soluble monomer such as acrylamide and a hydrophobic monomer such as dodecyl methacrylate is formed by subjecting a water-in-oil emulsion of the corresponding monomers to copolymerization conditions in the presence of an oil-soluble initiator such as cumene hydroperoxide. Such copolymers associate in aqueous media containing salts such as sodium chloride to increase the viscosity of such media.

Abstract: What is disclosed is a method for making a water-in-oil emulsion of a water soluble polymer of high molecular weight of polymerization of an aqueous monomer solution emulsified in an oil, even in large batches or continuously, comprising not moving the emulsion in a turbulent flow pattern at the start of polymerization and not mixing the emulsion at the start of polymerization with portions of emulsion which have been exposed to polymerization conditions for less time. Once polymerization has started, it is continued by the action of an initiator which decomposes to yield free radicals.

Abstract: This invention relates to stable aqueous dispersions of film-forming addition polymer.Novel aqueous dispersions comprise polymer which is a copolymer of amphipathic and non-amphipathic monomer. The amphipathic monomer has an HLB value of at least 8, the hydrophilic component thereof is non-ionic, and the lipophilic component has a molecular weight of at least 100, comprises at least one ethylenic double bond but has no acrylyl or methacrylyl structure. The polymer comprises up to 80% by weight of amphipathic monomer.The dispersions are useful as components of such compositions as surface coatings and adhesives.

Abstract: A tire tread adhesive or cement having superior green tack, excellent cured adhesion, and rapid drying time is disclosed. The tread cement comprises a water-in-oil emulsion having an oil continuous phase in which is dissolved a vulcanizable rubber compound. The water-in-oil emulsion tread adhesive may contain from 20-80% water, thereby minimizing environmental contamination on drying.

Abstract: Vesiculated beads having improved scattering efficiency and resistance to shrinkage are prepared by a process which comprises:(a) forming in the presence of a polyamine, as a water-in-oil emulsion, a stable dispersion of droplets of water in a solution of a carboxylic acid functional unsaturated polyester resin having an acid value of 8 to 20, and at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer copolymerizable with the polyester; and(b) forming in an aqueous solution, as a water-in-oil-water emulsion, a stable dispersion of the globules of the droplet-containing amine neutralized solution of the carboxylic acid functional unsaturated polyester and copolymerizable monomer; and(c) polymerizing the polyester and copolymerizable monomer by free radical addition polymerization thereby producing granules of opaque, cross-linked vesiculated beads;wherein the polyamine contains at least 3 amine groups per molecule; and wherein the amine is present at a concentration such that there are at least about 2.

Abstract: Described herein is a semi-continuous process for producing a polymer water-in-oil emulsion which process comprises:(a) combining: (i) an aqueous solution comprising at least one water-soluble monomer and (ii) a mixture comprising a hydrophobic liquid, a hydrophobic monomer and an oil-soluble surfactant;(b) homogenizing the mixture from (a) to form a water-in-oil emulsion;(c) deoxygenating said homogenized water-in-oil emulsion;(d) continually adding the homogenized water-in-oil emulsion to a reactor while adding thereto a deoxygenated initiator solution;(e) heating the mixture from (d) under polymerization conditions so as to form a polymer water-in-oil emulsion, and(f) recovering a polymer water-in-oil emulsion.

Abstract: Emulsions of hydrocarbon liquids such as automotive distillate and water, or water and alcohols, are formed using an emulsifier which is a block copolymer of ethylene oxide type monomers and styrene type monomers. The stability of the emulsions is improved by the addition to the emulsion of a coupling agent which is soluble in the continuous phase of the emulsion and will couple with that portion of the emulsifier which is solvated by the continuous phase of the emulsion. Preferred coupling agents for water in oil type emulsions are copolymers of butadiene and styrene.

Abstract: Water-in-oil emulsions of water-soluble cationic polymers, e.g., a copolymer of acrylamide and acryloylethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, exhibiting improved emulsion stability are prepared by incorporating a water-soluble salt of a monovalent anion, e.g., ammonium chloride, into the aqueous phase at some point prior to polymerization.

Abstract: Cationic water-in-oil emulsions of water-soluble polymers and copolymers of at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer are prepared by including in the formulation a metal halide and sodium silicate. The products are useful as drainage aids, retention aids, flotation aids, process water flocculants, and the like in the manufacture of paper and paper products; waste effluent treatment; oil recovery operations; and mining applications.

Abstract: Aminoplast resin compositions formed by reaction of an amino-aldehyde precursor in the presence of a cationic surfactant and a hydrocarbon product consisting essentially of components having average carbon chain lengths of about 12 or higher are provided. The aminoplast resin compositions have particular applicability as softening agents for paper and other cellulosic products.

Abstract: Described herein are water soluble ter- or higher polymer water-in-oil emulsions comprising:(a) an aqueous phase comprising from about 60 to about 80 weight percent and containing therein from about 30 to about 70 weight percent of a ter- or higher polymer and from about 30 to about 70 weight percent of water,(b) a hydrophobic liquid comprising from about 15 to about 39.5 weight percent, and(c) an oil-soluble surfactant comprising from about 0.5 to about 5 weight percent, said weight percents based on the total weight of the emulsion.

Abstract: A water-soluble pressure-sensitive adhesive composition is described containing a polymerization product obtained by the solution polymerization of a water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer in the presence of an alcoholic plasticizer having a molecular weight of less than about 3,000 and which is a liquid at room temperature, selected from the group consisting of polyether polyols and polyhydric alcohols, wherein the polymerization product contains as a polymer component at least an addition copolymer of the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer and the alcoholic plasticizer.