Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for monitoring a control parameter of a polymerization reaction mixture in heterogeneous phase comprising the following steps: (a) acquiring at least one NIR reflectance spectrum of said mixture; (b) calculating a value of said control parameter by means of a calibration curve which correlates the NIR reflectance spectrum with the values of said control parameter measured with a reference measurement method. The present invention also relates to an apparatus for implementing said method.

Abstract: To provide a copolymer which can impart sufficient dynamic water repellency, after air-drying water repellency and friction durability to a surface of an article, and which has low impact on the environment, a method for producing the same, a water repellent composition and an article excellent in dynamic water repellency, after air-drying water repellency and friction durability.

Abstract: A water- and oil-repellent comprising an aqueous dispersion of a fluorine-containing copolymer including as a copolymerization unit (a) a perfluoroalkylalkyl (meth)acrylate represented by the general formula CnF2n+1CmH2mOCOCR?CH2 (wherein R represents hydrogen atom or methyl group; n represents 4, 5, or 6; and m represents 1, 2, 3, or 4), (b) benzyl (meth)acrylate, (c) a fluorine-free polymerizable monomer other than benzyl (meth)acrylate, and (d) a cross-linkable group-containing polymerizable monomer; and a blocked isocyanate added to the aqueous dispersion in a weight ratio of 0.05 to 3.0 to the weight of the solid content of the aqueous dispersion.

Abstract: Aspects of the invention include methods for enhancing blood coagulation in a subject. In practicing methods according to certain embodiments, an amount of a non-anticoagulant sulfated polysaccharide (NASP) is administered to a subject to enhance blood coagulation in the subject. Also provided are methods for preparing a NASP composition having blood coagulation enhancing activity. Compositions and kits for practicing methods of the invention are also described.

Abstract: A latex of a chloroprene polymer formed from one or more monomers comprising 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene as the main monomer ingredient, characterized in that the solid matter in the polymer latex has a gel content less than 3 mass %, the solid matter in the polymer latex includes a tetrahydrofuran-soluble component having a weight-average molecular weight of from 550,000 to 1,100,000 and a molecular-weight distribution (Mw/Mn) of from 2.0 to 3.1, and the dried solid matter in the polymer latex has a crystallization rate (R) represented by hardness increase at ?10° C. (R is the time required for initial hardness (time=0) to increase by 30 points at ?10° C. as measured according to JIS-K6301) less than 60 minutes. The chloroprene polymer latex has an excellent balance among initial bond strength, contact adhesion, and water resistance. This latex is useful as an adhesive and can be used in applications where heat resistance of 60° C. or higher, initial bond strength, and contact adhesion are required.

Abstract: Process of controlled free-radical polymerization in aqueous dispersion for the preparation of a block copolymer at least one block of which is a block of a halogenated polymer using molecular iodine and at least one oxidant whose solubility in water is at least 10 g/l for the synthesis of the first block of the block copolymer.

Abstract: Provided is a polychloroprene latex extremely favorable in adhesive properties. The present invention relates to a method of producing a polychloroprene latex, comprising polymerizing chloroprene or a mixture of chloroprene and a monomer copolymerizable with chloroprene in an aqueous medium containing a surfactant at a concentration of lower than its critical micelle concentration (CMC) and a polymer dispersant of a metal salt of aromatic sulfonic acid formalin condensate added thereto. The polymer dispersant for use is preferably a metal salt of aromatic sulfonic acid formalin condensate. The polychloroprene latex obtained can be used as an adhesive.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of monodisperse polymer particles which are formed by contacting monomers with aqueous dispersions comprising monodisperse swellable seed polymers/oligomers, and initiating polymerization in the presence of a steric stabilizer. The resulting swollen seed particles are characterized by the particle mode diameter.

Abstract: The novel process provides latices of homo- and copolymers of chloroprene and of one or more further copolymerizable monomers at a higher reaction rate and hence in an improved space-time yield. The latices obtained have a high gel content, distinctly lower levels of by-products, in particular of chloroprene dimer, than prior art products, and are useful, if appropriate in concentrated form, for a wide variety of applications.

Abstract: The compressive strength of a fluid-pressurized structure is combined with the tensile strength of interior members to maintain the geometric shape of a structure used to provide support with very low mass. These compressed fluid building structures can be combined with other traditional construction materials in creating columns, beams and other structural support elements.

Abstract: Provided is a polychloroprene latex extremely superior in adhesion properties. According to the present invention, chloroprene or a mixture of chloroprene and a monomer copolymerizable with chloroprene is polymerized in the presence of a surfactant in an aqueous medium, in which the surfactant's concentration is lower than its critical micelle concentration (CMC) to obtain a polychloroprene latex. The polychloroprene latex produced according to the present invention is extremely superior in adhesion properties and others and give a smaller amount of deposits during production.

Abstract: Provided is a polychloroprene latex extremely favorable in adhesive properties. The present invention relates to a method of producing a polychloroprene latex, comprising polymerizing chloroprene or a mixture of chloroprene and a monomer copolymerizable with chloroprene in an aqueous medium containing a surfactant at a concentration of lower than its critical micelle concentration (CMC) and a polymer dispersant of a metal salt of aromatic sulfonic acid formalin condensate added thereto. The polymer dispersant for use is preferably a metal salt of aromatic sulfonic acid formalin condensate. The polychloroprene latex obtained can be used as an adhesive.

Abstract: The novel process provides latices of homo- and copolymers of chloroprene and of one or more further copolymerizable monomers at a higher reaction rate and hence in an improved space-time yield. The latices obtained have a high gel content, distinctly lower levels of by-products, in particular of chloroprene dimer, than prior art products, and are useful, if appropriate in concentrated form, for a wide variety of applications.

Abstract: Compositions including composites of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and nanoparticles are disclosed. A wood-polymer composite using the PVC-nanoparticle composite as a matrix also is disclosed. The nanoparticle filler is dispersed throughout the PVC matrix by blending the nanoparticles with a mixture of PVC particles that have been pre-heated to a temperature at or above a fusion point of the PVC, thereby fusing the PVC particles prior to the addition of the nanoparticles to the matrix. Also disclosed are methods of forming the composite compositions. The composite compositions can be used to replace wood boards.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of epoxy-modified vinyl chloride-vinyl ester copolymers in the form of the solid resins involves aqueous, free radical polymerization of a mixture comprising a) from 50 to 90% by weight of vinyl chloride, b) from 5 to 25% by weight of epoxide-containing vinyl monomers and c) from 5 to 25% by weight of one or more vinyl esters of straight-chain or branched alkylcarboxylic acids having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, d) from 0 to 40% by weight of further comonomers copolymerizable with a), b) and c), the data in % by weight summing to 100% by weight, and subsequent drying of the aqueous dispersions obtained thereby, polymerization being effected by means of suspension polymerization in the presence of aldehyde regulators.

Abstract: A process for preparing an aqueous polymer dispersion using flush water.

Abstract: An aqueous composition that includes (A) a butadiene polymer latex that is prepared by an emulsion polymerization in the presence of a styrene sulfonate stabilizer and (B) a phenolic resin. A preferred aqueous butadiene polymer latex is one that is prepared by emulsion polymerization of at least 60 weight percent dichlorobutadiene monomer (based on the amount of total monomers used to form the butadiene polymer), in the presence of a styrene sulfonate stabilizer.

Abstract: A process is described for the preparation of latices based on polychloroprene, comprising the polymerization of chloroprene in the presence of a first latex essentially consisting of polymeric particles produced in a first polymerization of a composition of monomers comprising (a) alpha-, beta-unsaturated carboxylic acids and/or derivatives thereof, (b) vinyl aromatic compounds, (c) conjugated dienes; said first latex having a content of alpha-, beta-unsaturated carboxylic acids, expressed as parts of alpha-, beta-unsaturated carboxylic acids per 100 grams of polymeric particles, ranging from 1 to 15%, thus obtaining a final latex, the solid particles of said final latex having an quantity of chloroprene ranging from 50 to 95% by weight, preferably from 80 to 95% by weight.

Abstract: The present invention provides coating compositions that include reactive diluents and have high performance, low VOC levels, and low irritation levels.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of monodisperse polymer particles which are formed by contacting monomers with aqueous dispersions comprising monodisperse swellable seed polymers/oligomers, and initiating polymerization in the presence of a steric stabilizer. The resulting swollen seed particles are characterized by the particle mode diameter.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for microencapsulation of phase change materials based on free radicals polymerization comprising: a) the preparation of i) a solution with, at least, a hydrophilic liquid and a stabilizer (continuous phase) and ii) a solution with, at least, a phase change material, a free radical initiator and a polymerizable material (discontinuous phase); b) the preparation of an emulsion by dispersing the discontinuous phase in the continuous phase under vigorous stirring; and c) the polymerization of monomers until the phase change material becomes microencapsulated. This process is simple and effective and avoids the use of hazardous compounds. The invention also relates to microcapsules obtainable by said process and to the use thereof in the thermal protection and storage of heat.

Abstract: Process of controlled free-radical polymerization in aqueous dispersion for the preparation of a block copolymer at least one block of which is a block of a halogenated polymer using molecular iodine and at least one oxidant whose solubility in water is at least 10 g/l for the synthesis of the first block of the block copolymer.

Abstract: The present invention provides coating compositions that include reactive diluents and have high performance, low VOC levels, and low irritation levels. Certain embodiments of the present invention include water and water-dispersible polymers and other embodiments do not include water.

Abstract: A pressure-sensitive adhesive comprising an aqueous polymer dispersion prepared by emulsion polymerization, wherein the polymer comprises monomers containing a hydroxyl group or primary amino group (referred to below collectively for short as hydrophilic monomers) and the polymer is obtainable by supplying more than 70% by weight of the hydrophilic monomers only when the polymerization mixture (mixture present in the polymerization vessel and composed of monomers and polymer already formed) already comprises more than 50% by weight of the total amount of monomers.

Abstract: Emulsions of hydrophobic monomers in water comprising inorganic particles as Pickering emulsifiers, and hydrophobin; and also the preparation and use of the emulsions are described.

Abstract: An aqueous dispersion of a polymer, obtainable by emulsion polymerization of compounds (monomers) having unsaturated radicals in the presence of at least two different polymerization regulators A) and B), wherein A) is a compound selected from ?-methylstyrene dimer and hydrocarbons which form a pentadienyl or 1-phenylallyl radical on abstraction of a hydrogen atom and B) is a compound having a mercapto group, the amount of B) being more than 2 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of monomers.

Abstract: Silicone-containing addition polymers having numerous uses are prepared by polymerizing addition polymerizable monomers in the presence of a silicone-containing polyvinyl alcohol, and/or by adding a silicone-containing polyvinyl alcohol to an aqueous addition polymer dispersion prior to spray drying, the silicone-containing polyvinyl alcohol containing at least one polymerizable group.

Abstract: A method for bonding two substrates that includes applying an autodepositable adhesive to one of the substrates and then bonding the substrates together. This method is especially useful for bonding elastomers to metals. According to a first embodiment, the autodepositable adhesive is a one coat adhesive having a low pH (approximately 1-3) and including (A) a flexibilizer or film-former, (B) optionally, an aqueous dispersion of a phenolic resin that includes water and a reaction product of a phenolic resin precursor, a modifying agent and, optionally, a multi-hydroxy phenolic compound wherein the modifying agent includes at least one functional moiety that enables the modifying agent to react with the phenolic resin precursor and at least one ionic moiety, and (C) an acid.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for preparing aqueous polymer dispersions having a high solids content of more than 60% by polymerizing one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers by means of free-radically initiated aqueous emulsion polymerization in the presence of from 0.1 to 5.0% by weight of emulsifier, based on the overall weight of the monomers, and in the presence of initiator, wherein the emulsifier in an amount of from 0.001 to 0.5% by weight, based on the overall weight of the water in the initial charge, is included in the initial charge together with a fraction of from 1 to 10% by weight of the monomers, based on the overall weight of the monomers, before the beginning of polymerization, and the remainder of emulsifier and the remainder of monomers are metered in after the beginning of polymerization.

Abstract: A chloroprene latex composition wherein the gel content of the chloroprene polymer is from 3 to 40 wt %, and the weight average molecular weight of the sol content is at least 400,000, and a chloroprene latex is presented which is excellent in the initial adhesive performance and normal adhesive performance and which has a good balance of heat resistance, water resistance, etc. with the adhesive properties.

Abstract: A process for producing thermo-expansive microcapsules wherein a polymerizing mixture containing ethylenic unsaturated monomer and a blowing agent is suspend-polymerized to microencapsulate the blowing agent with the resultant polymer. The above-mentioned suspension-polymerization is performed with the presence of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of polypeptides and derivatives thereof as a suspension stabilizer. The process can control the particle size of microcapsules easily, attain stable reaction system and produce thermo-expansive microcapsules that disperse well in medium such as paint or inks.

Abstract: The present invention provides polymeric additive systems and processes for preparing polymeric additive systems which contain a liquid component and a solid component, wherein the weight fraction of the solid component is more than 50%. The present invention also provides polymeric compositions and processes for preparing polymeric compositions that include a polymeric component and a polymeric additive system which contains a liquid component and a solid component, wherein the weight fraction of the solid component is more than 50%. The disclosed compositions and processes are useful in the preparation of polymeric materials and articles produced therefrom.

Abstract: This invention discloses a method for preparing imides (I) and (II) from compounds having a sulfonyl fluoride functional group. The imides so prepared are useful in a variety of catalytic and electrochemical applications.

Abstract: A latex which forms a film by evaporation at a temperature of less than 40° C. is based on hydrophobic polymer particles having a core/shell structure. The particles consist of 70 to 90% by weight of at least one polymer with a soft character having a glass transition temperature of less than 20° C. forming the core, and 10 to 30% by weight of at least one polymer with a hard character having a glass transition temperature of greater than 50° C. forming the shell. When applied to any surface and after drying at low temperature, the latex, without the use of any coalescents or volatile organic compounds, provides a continuous film which is homogeneous, has no surface tack and has good mechanical integrity.

Abstract: An aqueous composition that includes (A) a butadiene polymer latex that is prepared by an emulsion polymerization in the presence of a styrene sulfonate stabilizer and (B) a phenolic resin. A preferred aqueous butadiene polymer latex is one that is prepared by emulsion polymerization of at least 60 weight percent dichlorobutadiene monomer (based on the amount of total monomers used to form the butadiene polymer), in the presence of a styrene sulfonate stabilizer.

Abstract: A method of producing a vinyl-based polymer is provided in which the blocking of piping resulting from solidification of a reaction inhibitor does not occur even if the operation of supplying the reaction inhibitor is conducted at a low temperature. This method involves the polymerization of a vinyl monomer via a radical reaction, wherein a reaction inhibitor formed from a compound represented by a general formula (1), shown below, is added to the polymerization system in the form of an aqueous dispersion, either prior to commencement of the polymerization, during the polymerization, or following completion of the polymerization, depending on the effect desired. R represents an alkyl group of 3 to 6 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A chloroprene latex composition wherein the gel content of the chloroprene polymer is from 3 to 40 wt %, and the weight average molecular weight of the sol content is at least 400,000, and a chloroprene latex is presented which is excellent in the initial adhesive performance and normal adhesive performance and which has a good balance of heat resistance, water resistance, etc. with the adhesive properties.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a very high solid content contact adhesive (VHS) which has a higher solid content than previously thought attainable in the prior art without increasing the viscosity beyond operable levels. Additionally, the present invention provides a VHS application device which allows substantially more uniform application of the VHS than was previously attainable.

Abstract: An aqueous composition that includes (A) a butadiene polymer latex that is prepared by an emulsion polymerization in the presence of a styrene sulfonate stabilizer and (B) a phenolic resin. A preferred aqueous butadiene polymer latex is one that is prepared by emulsion polymerization of at least 60 weight percent dichlorobutadiene monomer (based on the amount of total monomers used to form the butadiene polymer), in the presence of a styrene sulfonate stabilizer.

Abstract: A water dispersed primer composition comprising a solution of a halogenated hydrocarbon polymer in organic solvent; and a dispersing agent added to the solution to form a fluid primer to be dispersed in water to provide the water dispersed primer composition. The invention further includes a water based priming adhesive composition comprising an adhesive dispersion of a an adhesive polymer dispersed in water, and a primer mixed with the adhesive dispersion to form the priming adhesive. The primer comprises a solution of a halogenated hydrocarbon polymer in organic solvent and optionally a dispersing agent.

Abstract: A water dispersed primer composition comprising a solution of a halogenated hydrocarbon polymer in organic solvent; and a dispersing agent added to the solution to form a fluid primer to be dispersed in water to provide the water dispersed primer composition. Optionally, fluid primers may include photoreactive components to provide photoreactive water dispersed primer compositions. The invention further includes water based priming adhesive compositions comprising an adhesive dispersion of an adhesive polymer dispersed in water, and a primer mixed with the adhesive dispersion to form the priming adhesive.

Abstract: An aqueous composition that includes (A) a butadiene polymer latex that is prepared by an emulsion polymerization in the presence of a styrene sulfonate stabilizer and (B) a phenolic resin. A preferred aqueous butadiene polymer latex is one that is prepared by emulsion polymerization of at least 60 weight percent dichlorobutadiene monomer (based on the amount of total monomers used to form the butadiene polymer), in the presence of a styrene sulfonate stabilizer.

Abstract: The invention provides functionalized copolymers in the form of their aqueous dispersions or water-redispersible powders, based on

Abstract: A water dispersed primer composition comprising a solution of a halogenated hydrocarbon polymer in organic solvent; and a dispersing agent added to the solution to form a fluid primer to be dispersed in water to provide the water dispersed primer composition. The invention further includes a water based priming adhesive composition comprising an adhesive dispersion of a an adhesive polymer dispersed in water, and a primer mixed with the adhesive dispersion to form the priming adhesive. The primer comprises a solution of a halogenated hydrocarbon polymer in organic solvent and optionally a dispersing agent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a latex containing two populations of particles of polymers based on vinyl chloride. Other subjects of the present invention are processes for producing this latex and its use in the manufacture of fluid plastisols which are stable on storage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a latex containing two populations of particles of polymers based on vinyl chloride, respectively exhibiting mean diameters of between 0.9 and 1.3 &mgr;m and between 0.15 and 0.3 &mgr;m, in proportions such that the ratio by weight of the population with the lesser mean diameter to that with the greater mean diameter is between 0.4 and 0.7. Other subjects of the present invention are processes for the manufacture of the said latex and its application in fluid plastisols and foams of very good cellular quality.

Abstract: A procedure for the production of PVC particles with a narrow size distribution in the range 10-50 &mgr;m, preferably 10-30 &mgr;m, in which, in a first stage, a vinyl monomer or a mixture of monomers is polymerised to form a polymer/oligomer seed particle in the range 1-10 &mgr;m. In a second stage, another vinyl monomer or mixture of monomers is swelled into the polymer/oligomer seed particles and polymerisation takes place in such a way that they grow into polymer particles of the desired size. It is preferable to use aromatic vinyl monomers or acrylates as the monomer in the seed particles. The seed particles in the first stage can be produced in a two-stage swelling process or by dispersion polymerisation.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to stable aqueous dispersions of an acrylic modified chlorinated polyolefin and a process for their preparation. The aqueous dispersions of acrylic modified chlorinated polyolefin are effective for use as coatings on treated and untreated polyolefinic substrates.

Abstract: These compositions encompass products made of flexible plasticized PVC, usually formulated as a dispersion of high molecular weight PVC resins in a special blend of plasticizers. Both PVC resins and plasticizers are chosen from a vast selection of each to best conform to the needs of the end use. Huge macro molecules of highly ordered PVC pack and interlock to form a rigid polymer. Properly chosen plasticizers lead to flexible floor coverings useful in anti-fatigue mats and launderable, walk off mats.

Abstract: A process of forming a seed polymer for use in an emulsion polymerization reaction. The process includes the steps of providing an aqueous mixture of styrene, emulsifying agent, initiator and at least one polymerizable di- or tri-carboxylic acid and then polymerizing the aqueous mixture in the presence of a nonpolymerizable di- or tri-carboxylic acid to form the seed polymer.