Abstract: An organopolysiloxane composition contains (A) a both end hydroxyl-blocked diorganopoly-siloxane, (B) a hydroxyl-free diorganopoly-siloxane having a degree of polymerization equal to or greater than that of (A), (C) an organo-hydrogenpolysiloxane having at least three hydrogen atoms in a molecule, (D) an organosilane containing at least two alkoxy groups and an amino group attached to a silicon atom through an alkylene group in a molecule and/or a partial hydrolyzate thereof, (E) a fatty acid metal salt, (F) polycarbonate powder having a mean particle size of up to 50 .mu.m, and optionally (G) an organo-silane containing at least two alkoxy groups and a mercapto group attached to a silicon atom through an alkylene group in a molecule and/or a partial hydrolyzate thereof. It is applied to a rubber substrate to form a wear resistance coating thereon.

Abstract: There is disclosed a composition which can cure to provide a coating showing excellent release against tacky substances, particularly silicone pressure-sensitive adhesive, said composition comprising:(A) 100 parts by weight of an organopolysiloxane that contains at least one fluorinated organic group and at least two alkenyl groups in each molecule;(B) 0.3 to 40 parts by weight of an organohydrogenpolysiloxane that contains at least two silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms in each molecule;(C) 0.1 to 20 parts by weight of a fluorine-containing acrylic polymer;(D) a catalytic quantity of a hydrosilylation catalyst; and(E) a sufficient amount of an organic solvent to impart coatability to said composition.

Abstract: A polycarbonate resin composition which is superior in impact resistance, fluidity, solvent resistance, wear resistance and sliding characteristics. The polycarbonate resin composition comprises (A) a mixture of polycarbonate (PC) and a polycarbonate-polydimethylsiloxane (PC-PDMS) copolymer and (B) at least one of (i) a thermoplastic resin such as a thermoplastic crystalline resin or a thermoplastic amorphous resin and (ii) a rubber elastomer.

Abstract: There is disclosed a polymer composition which can cure rapidly to provide a release coating that has a low surface tension, said composition comprising:(A) a fluorine-containing polymer that contains at least 2 alkenyl groups in each molecule, said polymer being obtained by the copolymerization of(a) an acrylic monomer having the general formulaCH.sub.2 .dbd.CX--COOR'wherein X is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and a methyl radical and R' denotes a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 4 to 15 carbon atoms which contain at least one --CF.sub.2 -- group, and(b) a silicone macromonomer with the general formulaCH.sub.2 .dbd.CX--COO--Q--(RMeSiO).sub.n --Me.sub.

Abstract: The present invention relates to aminoacrylates which have a viscosity of 200 to 3000 mPa.s at 23.degree. C. and 100% solids, a content of olefinic double bonds (calculated as C=C, molecular weight=24) of 8 to 20% by weight and a nitrogen content of 0.4 to 2.0% by weight, and which are prepared by an addition reaction by reacting at a molar ratio of primary amino groups from component a) to olefinic double bonds from component b) of 0.05:1 to 0.25:1a) mono- or diamines having a molecular weight of 31 to 300 and having aliphatically bound amino groups withb) acrylic esters of polyhydric alcohols which have been prepared at a COOH/OH equivalent ratio of 0.8:1 to 1:1 fromb1) acrylic acid andb2) ether-alcohols which have 3 or 4 hydroxyl groups and a molecular weight of 136 to 1000, possess at least one ethylene oxide unit --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --O-- as part of the ether structure and do not contain propylene oxide units --CH.sub.2 --CH(CH.sub.3)--O--.

Abstract: A vulcanizable rubber composition comprising:(A) 100 parts by weight of a fluororubber polymer containing at least 10 mol % of vinylidene fluoride as constituting monomer units;(B) from 0.1 to 300 parts by weight of an organic silicon compound having an amino group; and(C) a vulcanizing agent in an amount sufficient to vulcanize Component (A).

Abstract: A low surface energy material comprising a volume grafted elastomer which is a substantially uniform integral interpenetrating network of a hybrid composition of a fluoroelastomer and a polyorganosiloxane, said volume graft having been formed by dehydrofluorination of said fluoroelastomer by a nucleophilic dehydrofluorinating agent, followed by a hydrosilation reaction, addition of a hydrogen functionally terminated polyorganosiloxane and a hydrosilation reaction catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention describes uncured fluorocarbon elastomer base compositions and cured fluorocarbon elastomer compositions comprising a fluorocarbon elastomer, an amorphous silicone resin, and optionally a polydiorganosiloxane gum or a hydrocarbon polymer elastomer. The cured fluorocarbon elastomers typically contain additional components such as an acid acceptor, a cure agent, and a filler. The cured compositions have high strength, low temperature flexibility, high solvent resistivity, and low fuel permeability.

Abstract: Room temperature vulcanizable platinum group metal catalyzed silicone compositions are provided which utilize an N-heterocyclic adhesion promoter, such as 2,6 bis(trimethoxysilyltrimethyleneoxy)pyridine. Cohesive bonding is effected on various substrates.

Abstract: Fluoroinfused composites exhibiting low surface energy and low kinetic coefficent of energy are prepared via contact of a swellable polymeric material with a solution comprising a swelling solvent, an organofluorosilane and a gelling agent.

Abstract: A graft polymer wherein an iodine-containing fluororubber has been grafted on an ethylene-.alpha.-olefin copolymer or other polymer can be obtained by mixing 30 parts by weight of an iodine-containing fluororubber (a vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer containing iodine) and 70 parts by weight of an ethylene-propylene copolymer rubber at 180.degree. C. for 30 minutes while applying shear deformation using a Brabender mixer.

Abstract: A process is described for preparing blends of fluorocarbon plastomers such as vinylidene fluoride polymers with fluorosilicone elastomers to obtain materials having a unique combination of flexibility at low temperature and high mechanical strength. Vinylidene fluoride polymer is first exposed to radiation and then mixed with the fluorosilicone. Coagents such as diallylphtalate and triallylisocyanurate are also used to assist in grafting and compatibilizing the two polymers.

Abstract: A polycarbonate-polyorganosiloxane copolymer comprising a repeating unit I represented by the general formula: ##STR1## a repeating unit II represented by the general formula: ##STR2## a structural unit III represented by the general formula: ##STR3## and a terminal group IV of polyhalogenophenoxy group represented by the general formula: ##STR4## wherein symbols in the formulae are the same as those described in the specification, is disclosed. Content of the repeating unit II based on the total of contents of the repeating unit I and the repeating unit II and content of the structural unit III based on the total of contents of the repeating unit I, the repeating unit II and the structural unit III are in specific ranges, respectively. Resin compositions comprising the polycarbonate-polyorganosiloxane copolymer and a resin, such as a polycarbonate, a fluororesin, a styrenic resin and the like, inorganic filler or pigment is also disclosed.

Abstract: A silicone rubber composition having good processability and good molding properties is disclosed, said composition comprising:(A) an organopolysiloxane containing vinyl groups;(B) a fluorine resin powder;(C) an organopolysiloxane containing units having the formulaF(CF.sub.2).sub.a CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 Si(Me).sub.n O.sub.3-n/2in which a is an integer of at least 4, n is 0, 1 or 2 and Me denotes a methyl radical;(D) a reinforcing silica powder having a surface area of at least 50 m.sup.2 /g; and(E) a sufficient quantity of a curing agent to cure said composition.

Abstract: Fluid gasket composition with fine rubber particles has sufficient elasticity. The particle size of the rubber particles contained in the fluid gasket composition is desired to be 0.1 to 3.0 mm. The fluid gasket composition applied to a joint portion between mechanical parts or the like exhibits an effect of sealing and absorbing vibrations, dislocation and mechanical movements taking place in the mechanical parts.

Abstract: Disclosed are:1) a three-component resin composition comprising a hydroxyl group-containing compound (A), an epoxy group-containing compound (B) and a silane group-containing compound (C);2) a two-component resin composition comprising a hydroxyl group-containing compound (A) and silane group- and epoxy group-containing compound (D);3) a two-component resin composition comprising hydroxyl group- and silane group-containing compound (E) and epoxy group-containing compound (B); and4) two-component resin composition comprising hydroxyl group- and epoxy group-containing compound (F) and silane group-containing compound (C); wherein at least one of the components in each of the resin compositions 1) to 4) is (are) fluorine-containing resin;5) a curable composition comprising one of the resin compositions 1) to 4) and a metal chelate compound as curing catalyst; and6) coating compositions comprising such curing composition and when required a pigment.

Abstract: A free-flowing silicone polymer powder, having an average particle size of 1 to 1000 microns and prepared by mixing a polydiorganosiloxane with a silica filler, is uniformly dispersed in an organic resin using conventional equipment, such as a single screw or, preferably, a twin screw extruder. When employed at a concentration of about 0.5 to 25 parts by weight of powder per 100 parts by weight of resin, a significant improvement in the burn character of the modified resin is obtained such that the rate of heat release, generation of smoke and evolution of toxic carbon monoxide gas is significantly reduced relative to the unmodified resin.

Abstract: The invention provides:1) a fluorine-containing resin composition including:a) a fluorine-containing resin having (i) a hydrolyzable group attached directly to a silicon atom and/or a silanol group and (ii) an epoxy group in the molecule, orb) a mixture of a component (I) having a hydrolyzable group attached directly to a silicon atom and/or a silanol group and a component (II) having an epoxy group, such that at least one of the components (I) and (II) is a fluorine-containing resin;2) a curable composition including the resin composition and a metal chelate compound; and3) a coating composition including this resin composition or this curable composition.

Abstract: A one-component moulding and sealing compound based on prepolymers with terminal silyl groups with at least one hydrolyzable substituent on the Si atom, organo-metallic tin compounds as the catalyst and also inorganic fillers containing a polyvinyl chloride and fatty acid amide having thixotropic effect to reduce surface tackiness.

Abstract: This invention relates to fluorohydrocarbon polymers which are modified by the incorporation of substitiuents bearing a functional group such as vinyl, allyl, acrylate, alkoxysilane, amido, sulfonic acid salt, pyridine, carboxylic ester, and carboxylic salt. The functional groups may be further reacted to obtain branching, grafting, or crosslinking of the polymers. Copolymers of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropene such as VITON A rubber and KYNAR FLEX 2801 plastomer, are typical of the class of fluorohydrocarbon polymers which are modified to obtain the new materials of this invention.

Abstract: A novel method is proposed for the effective utilization of scraps of cured silicone rubbers, of which no method of disposal is known heretofore other than discarding as a waste material. Namely, scraps of cured silicone rubbers can be compounded in a considerably large amount with a vulcanizable composition based on an organic rubbery elastomer such as fluorocarbon rubbers, e.g., binary copolymers of hexafluoropropylene and vinylidene fluoride, and dispersed therein in such fineness that particles of the cured silicone rubber can no longer be recognized by the naked eyes only when the organic rubbery elastomer composition has a specific Mooney viscosity (ML.sub.1+4 100.degree. C.) of at least 70 to give a uniform curable rubber composition capable of being cured into vulcanized rubber articles having various properties as good as or comparable with those of the vulcanized rubber articles from the same organic rubbery elastomer without admixture of cured silicone rubber scraps.

Abstract: A platinum catalyst which is prepared by reacting a platinum halide with an organic compound having at least one --C.tbd.C-- group in the presence or absence of a base to form a complex which promotes the addition of silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms to silicon-bonded aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon groups in the presence of no-clean flux.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are coating compositions comprising a fluoropolymer modified with a modifier. The modifier is a reaction product of at least one compound selected from polysiloxane compounds, fluorine-containing compounds and silane coupling agents, each containing at least one reactive organic functional group, with an organic polyisocyanate; and contains at least one free isocyanate group.

Abstract: A substrate is provided with a release surface by application of an emulsion of a vinyl-addition silicone system and catalyst therefor and a particulate component, preferably a resin. The vinyl addition silicone system is cured upon application of heat and removal of water.

Abstract: A coating composition prepared by adding 0 to 150 parts by weight, in terms of diorganosilane, of a hydrolyzate and/or a partial condensate of an diorganosilane (b), 2 to 300 parts by weight of a vinyl resin containing a silyl group (c), 0.01 to 50 parts by weight of a metal chelate compound (d), and an organic solvent (e), to 100 parts by weight in terms of organosilane of a hydrolyzate and/or a partial condensate of an organosilane (a), to which are added two or more mols of a type of .beta.-diketone and/or .beta.-ketoester (f) for one mol of the metal chelate compound (d).

Abstract: Complex microspheres consist of polysiloxane and vinyl polymers which are unistructurally mixed together and substantially free of covalent bonds therebetween. Polysiloxane and vinyl polymer are contained at ratio of 97/3.about.30/70 by weight, the average diameter of the complex microspheres is 0.05.about.30 .mu.m, the standard deviation of their particle size is 1.0.about.2.5, and the ratio between their major and minor axes is 1.0.about.1.2. Thermoplastic films containing such complex microspheres at a specified rate have improved lubricity and anti-blocking properties.

Abstract: A curable composition including (A) 100 parts by weight of an organic polymer having at least one cross-linkable group containing a silicon atom to which a hydrolyzable group is bonded, and (B) 10 to 500 parts by weight of a vinyl chloride polymer. In the curable composition of the present invention, the viscosity is not lowered even after the storage for a long time and therefore the workability as sealants is not lowered.

Abstract: A primer composition for application to a substrate to promote adhesion of a room-temperature-vulcanizable silicone rubber coating, comprises (A) an aminosilane material, (B) a chlorinated polyolefin and (C) a room-temperature-curable polydiorganosiloxane. The aminosilane material (A) is a primary amine-functional silane or the reaction product of a primary amine-functional silane with an epoxy-functional silane or an alpha, omega-dihydroxypolydimethylsiloxane oil.

Abstract: This invention involved the discovery of novel polymers and a process for their preparation. The polymers were prepared by the nucleophilic substitution, at room temperature, of PVC with substituted alkyltrialkoxysilanes, which can be cured at room temperature to give adhesion of PVC to hydrophilic substrates. These polymers are particularly useful as adhesion promoters in ion-selective electrodes. The invention also involved the application of these adhesive primers to planar electrode substrates to give greatly improved performance in the response of ion-selective electrodes.

Abstract: A coating composition containing fluoropolymer adapted for roll coating is provided with a solvent system that is free of isophorone. The solvent system comprises an ester of an aromatic acid, a high molecular weight ketone, a high molecular weight alcohol, a glycol ether ester, and a hydrocarbon solvent having a high evaporation rate.

Abstract: A graft polymer wherein an iodine-containing fluororubber has been grafted on an ethylene-.alpha.-olefin copolymer can be obtained by mixing 30 parts by weight of an iodine-containing fluororubber (a vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer containing iodine) and 70 parts by weight of an ethylene-propylene copolymer rubber at 180.degree. C. for 30 minutes while applying shear deformation using a Brabender mixer.

Abstract: Thermoplastic polycarbonate moulding compounds containing 40 to 90 parts by weight of a thermoplastic aromatic polycarbonate; 0 to 80 parts by weight of a copolymer or polycondensate consisting of 0 to 50 parts by weight of a thermoplastic copolymer of 50 to 95% by weight of styrene, .alpha.-methylstyrene, styrene alkylated in the nucleus, halogenated styrene or mixtures thereof and 5 to 50% by weight of acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, alkyl acrylate, alkyl methacrylate, maleic acid anhydride, N-substituted maleiimide, vinyl acetate or mixtures thereof and/or 0 to 80 parts by weight of a thermoplastic polyalkylene terephthalate; 1 to 25 parts by weight of graft polymer prepared from 5 to 90 parts by weight of a mixture of: 50 to 95% by weight of styrene, .alpha.

Abstract: This invention provides cationic emulsions of bituminous binders of the bitumen/polymer type, formed by a dispersion of an organic phase of the binder in an aqueous phase containing a cationic nitrogenous emulsifier and a mineral or organic acid, the acid being in appropriate quantity so that the pH of the aqueous phase is comprised between 3 and 9. The aqueous phase also contains an agent consisting of at least one water-soluble sequestering salt of polyfunctional nitrogenized carboxylic acid, particularly a salt of alkaline metal or of amine of mono- and di (hydroxy-2 ethyl) glycine and optionally a water-soluble thickening agent. To obtain the emulsions, which are usable for road applications, the emulsifying agent, the sequestering agent and optionally the thickening agent may be used in the form of a premixture containing the agents and called cationic emulsifying system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to functionalized chlorinated (co)polymers and methods for their preparation. The functionalization is performed with an organometallic compound where the metal may be tin, lead, antimony or bismuth. The organic groups are hydrocarbons which may be substituted and one group is either a secondary amine or an ether which is eventually substituted by a trialkoxysilane or a hydroxy group. The preferred chlorinated polymer is PVC and the preferred functionalizing agent is an organotin compound.

Abstract: A uniform mixture of a polytetrafluoroethylene molding powder and an organic filler, which can provide moldings having improved properties without lowering the appearance and mechanical property, is obtained without sticking the filler to the wall of a mixer by mixing the molding powder and the filler in the presence of a silane coupling agent and a polar solvent, or by previously treating the organic filler with the silane coupling agent and mixing the treated filler with the molding powder.

Abstract: Disclosed are:1) a three-component resin composition comprising a hydroxyl group-containing compound (A), an epoxy group-containing compound (B) and a silane group-containing compound (C);2) a two-component resin composition comprising a hydroxyl group-containing compound (A) and silane group- and epoxy group-containing compound (D);3) a two component resin composition comprising hydroxyl group- and silane group-containing compound (E) and epoxy group-containing compound (B); and4) two-component resin composition comprising hydroxyl group- and epoxy group-containing compound (F) and silane group-containing compound (C); wherein at least one of the components in each of the resin compositions 1) to 4) is (are) fluorine-containing resin;5) a curable composition comprising one of the resin compositions 1) to 4) and a metal chelate compound as curing catalyst; and6) coating compositions comprising such curing composition and when required a pigment.

Abstract: A composition for treating fibrous substrates such as textiles to provide oil and water repellency is provided. The composition comprises a) a terpolymer comprising randomly distributed i) units containing a fluoroaliphatic group, R.sub.f, ii) fluorine-free hydrocarbon units, and iii) units containing silicone and b) a fluorine-containing polymer having isocyanate derived linking groups and blocked isocyanate moieties. Also provided is a method for providing oil and water repellency to a fibrous substrate.

Abstract: One-pack chloroprene adhesive having excellent adhesion and excellent heat resistance, particularly excellent heat aging resistance, which comprises a chloroprene rubber modified with an aminosilane, a petroleum resin as a tackifier resin and an organic solvent, which is useful for adhering and laminating various products such as metallic materials, woven fabrics, fiber products, wooden products, leather products, plastic materials, etc.

Abstract: An interpenetrating polymer system prepared from a mixture of a moisture-cured prepolymer component and an elastomeric component which is non-reactive with the prepolymer component, wherein exposure of the mixture to ambient moisture cures the prepolymer component entrapping the elastomeric component and forming a product which is essentially thermoset. The product may be essentially non-foamed or highly foamed and and either tack-free or self-adhesive. It is particularly suitable for use as sealing gaskets, sheet stock, tubing, and as sealant-encapsulants.

Abstract: The present invention is characterized by adding and mixing an organosilicon compound having alkoxy, groups and an ester linkage in the molecule represented by the following formula: ##STR1## in an amount of 1 to 20 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of a trifluoropropylalkylpolysiloxane. Said organosilicon compound has a function as a storage stabilizer as well as a curing agent and, according to the present invention, an RTV fluorosilicone composition that has hitherto been difficult to be applied as an adhesive for electric and electronic parts has been made possible to be used in the particular field.

Abstract: The present invention relates to elastomeric copolymers and block copolymers, e.g., based upon styrene/isoprene, having a novel condensed phase structure wherein polymer branches occur along the polymer backbone, either at a predetermined location or at random locations. The polymers are made by a method which comprises the step of reacting, under polymerization conditions, hydrocarbyl lithium initiator, at least one anionically polymerizable compound, and an organometallic- substituted styrene condensing agent. The reactants may be added simultaneously to produce a copolymer with polymer branch segments randomly located along the polymer backbone or sequentially to produce a copolymer with branches located at the same predetermined location along the polymer backbone. The resultant polymers may be further reacted with a linking agent to form multi-arm copolymers.

Abstract: A method of preparing vinyl-silicone copolymers which involves the use of a mercapto-functional silicone compound as a macromolecular chain transfer agent. Release coatings and low adhesion backsizes comprising the vinyl-silicone copolymers.

Abstract: A polylactone-modified organopolysiloxane compound, wherein a polylactone-containing group represented by the formula (I) is bound to a silicon atom located at at least either of the terminal positions and/or intermediate positions to impart excellent properties as a synthetic resin modifier (when Y in (I) is an acetyl group or a hydrogen atom) or as a film former (when Y in (I) is a hydrogen atom): ##STR1## wherein Z represents a trivalent hydrocarbon residue which may contain oxygen, sulfur or/and nitrogen atom(s); X represents a lactone group of the formula, ##STR2## (wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group containing from 1 to 12 carbon atoms; a represents an integer from 4 to 6), k and L each represents an integer of 1 or more; and Y represents a hydrogen atom or an acetyl group.

Abstract: The invention relates to a pressure-sensitive conductive elastomer compound which exhibits high resistance (insulating performance) when it is in non-pressed condition and the resistance of which, as the compound is pressed, varies according to the magnitude of the pressure. The compound comprises a matrix material having insulating and elastomeric properties and baked and carbonized conductive spherical particles of a macromolecular material incorporated and dispersed into the matrix material. The conductivity of the conductive particles varies according to the degree of their carbonization.

Abstract: The invention relates to thermoplastic PVC molding compounds containing specially synthesized silicone graft rubbers. These thermoplastic molding compounds show an excellent combination of properties such as impact strength at room temperature, impact strength at low temperatures and particularly high resistance to ageing under the effect of light, moisture and heat.

Abstract: Disclosed are:1) a three-component resin composition comprising a hydroxyl group-containing compound (A), an epoxy group-containing compound (B) and a silane group-containing compound (C);2) a two-component resin composition comprising a hydroxyl group-containing compound (A) and silane group- and epoxy group-containing compound (D);3) a two-component resin composition comprising hydroxyl group- and silane group-containing compound (E) and epoxy group-containing compound (B); and4) two-component resin composition comprising hydroxyl group- and epoxy group-containing compound (F) and silane group-containing compound (C); wherein at least one of the components in each of the resin compositions 1) to 4) is (are) fluorine-containing resin;5) a curable composition comprising one of the resin compositions 1) to 4) and a metal chelate compound as curing catalyst; and6) coating compositions comprising such curing composition and when required a pigment.

Abstract: Thermoplastic molding compositions containing thermoplastic, aromatic polycarbonates, graft polymers, special phosphorus compounds, antidripping agents and optionally other thermoplasts as well as conventional additives are disclosed. The compositions are characterized by their flame resistance and mechanical properties. Also disclosed is a process for the preparation of the molding compositions.

Abstract: Microporous waterproof and moisture vapor permeable products are described which are formed from a matrix having an internal microstructure which is coated with a hydrophobic material. A process is described including the steps of (1) applying to the surface of the matrix a liquid hydrophobic material, (2) allowing the liquid to penetrate into the microstructure and then (3) drying, vulcanizing or curing the product.

Abstract: Rubber compositions are disclosed for integral attachment of polymeric and metallic materials. Improved bondability is attributed to the use of a selected base rubber blended with a selected class of inorganic or organic fillers, silane compounds and vulcanizing agents such that the finished composition is provided with a specified range of Mooney viscosities. Also disclosed is a method of hose-metal fitting connection by the application of the composition. Gas- and oil-impermeability characteristics are greatly enhanced.

Abstract: Aqueous dispersions of a silicone crosslinkable into elastomeric state by elimination of water therefrom, include:(A) 100 parts of an oil-in-water emulsion of an .alpha.,.omega.-(dihydroxy)polydiorganosiloxane, stabilized with an anionic and/or nonionic surfactant;(B) 0.1 to 20 parts of an alkenyloxysilane;(C) 0.01 to 3 parts of a metal curing catalyst; and(D) 0 to 250 parts of a nonsiliceous inorganic filler material;and such emulsion having a pH of from 7 to 13 and a solids content of at least 40%; the subject emulsions are especially adapted for the production of paints and of silicone elastomer seals, and for the coating of pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals and food packaging materials.