Abstract: Liquid rubbers that are ordinarily immiscible in liquid thermoset resins can be made miscible by the addition of at least one non-functional aromatic end-group to the polymer chains of such liquid rubber compositions. Such addition may be initiated by high-temperature peroxides in non-functional aromatic solvents. The liquid rubbers are found to improve the fracture toughness of cured thermoset resins while maintaining dimensional and heat resistance.

Abstract: The present invention uses a curable resin which has: in the molecule thereof, at least two crosslinking functional groups of at least one kind selected from the group consisting of epoxy group, (meth)acryloyl group, alkenylamino group and alkenyloxy group; a glass transition temperature before curing of 50 to 150° C.; a weight-average molecular weight of 10,000 to 1,000,000; and a dielectric constant of not higher than 3.5 after curing. By use of the curable resin of the above constitution, the present invention can provide a curable resin that an insulator having an excellent thermal shock resistance and an excellent dielectric property is obtained.

Abstract: Provided are a latent curing agent that gives an epoxy resin composition with improved storage stability and low-temperature curability; and a curable epoxy resin composition prepared by mixing the said curing agent and an epoxy compound. The epoxy resin composition has improved storage stability, and cures at lower temperatures for a shorter period of time than conventional ones. The latent curing agent for epoxy resin comprises two components, (A) a radically polymerized polymer of a monomer having at least a polymerizable double bond, which has at least a tertiary amino group in the molecule, and (B) a polymer having at least a hydroxyl group in the molecule, and forms a solid solution that is solid at 25° C.

Abstract: A method is provided for preparing an adhesive composition that contains both a hydrophobic phase and a hydrophilic phase, wherein the hydrophobic phase is composed of a crosslinked hydrophobic polymer composition and the hydrophilic phase is a water-absorbent blend of a hydrophilic polymer and a complementary oligomer capable of crosslinking the hydrophilic polymer through hydrogen bonding, ionic bonding, and/or covalent bonding. The composition is useful as a bioadhesive, for affixing drug delivery systems, wound dressings, bandages, cushions, or the like to a body surface such as skin or mucosal tissue.

Abstract: Reactive, non-isocyanate coating compositions prepared by mixing epoxy, tertiary amine, anhydride, hydroxy- and, optionally, acid functional compounds, a system of making the coating composition, a method of coating the composition on a substrate and a substrate coated with the composition.

Abstract: The invention relates to rapid-curing aqueous coating agents, containing at least one binding agent and at least one water-soluble, quaternary poly(allylamine). Said agents have rapid curing properties and do not discolor during the curing process. Poly(diallyl dialkyl ammonium chlorides) are particularly suitable for use as the water-soluble quaternary poly(allylamine). The inventive coating agents are suitable for use as dyes, rendering agents, primers and wood paints for external applications.

Abstract: The present invention provides a vinyl chloride polymer composition which comprises (i) a vinyl chloride polymer (a) and (ii) a block copolymer (b) having a polymer block (I) comprising of a block copolymer, which may be hydrogenated, of an aromatic vinyl compound polymer block and a conjugated diene polymer block, and a polymer block (II) of a polyurethane, in a specific weight ratio. The vinyl chloride polymer composition of the present invention has non-tackiness, excellent handling properties, favorable flexibility and mechanical properties, and favorable melt-adhesiveness to other materials, and shows no migration of the component serving as a plasticizer. The vinyl chloride polymer composition of the present invention can be applied for various uses such as a production of various molded articles and a production of a laminated structure with other materials.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing a bimodal or multimodal mixture of amorphous polyolefins having a different molar mass, in which at least one amorphous polyolefin having a high molar mass is brought into contact and mixed with at least one amorphous polyolefin having a low molar mass in solution and the solvent is subsequently removed.

Abstract: A plastic composition including polymeric nanoparticles having a diameter of 1 to 100 nanometers, and a polymeric component. Also provided is a method for providing such a plastic composition.

Abstract: A resin composition comprising (A) an elastomeric copolymer which comprises styrene monomeric units and diene monomeric units, and (B) a copolymer which comprises styrene monomeric units and (meth)acrylate monomeric units, which has a saturated water absorption of 0.8% or less at a temperature of 60° C. and a relative humidity of 90%, a flexural modulus of at least 1,800 MPa, a notched Izod impact strength of at least 2 kJ/m2, a total light transmittance of at least 85% and a haze value of 5% or less when providing a sheet having a thickness of 2 mm, and a Vicat softening point of at least 90° C. This resin composition can suitably be used as a base material of a sheet for a screen which has good transparency, suffers from less deformation such as warp or deflection, and is hardly cracked or chipped.

Abstract: Adhesive tapes (e.g., duct tapes) having a backing comprising a compatibilized release composition are reported. The compatibilized release composition comprises a thermoplastic olefin-based polymer comprising an acid or a base functionality and a polymeric release material comprising an acid or a base functionality. The functionality of the thermoplastic olefin-based polymer and the functionality of the polymeric release material provide an acid-base interaction that compatibilizes the release composition.

Abstract: Disclosed are techniques and related material blends for improving adhesion between a polyolefin film and a pressure sensitive adhesive, and also significantly decreasing the coefficient of thermal expansion of a polyolefin film by modifying the chemical properties of the film. Specifically, particular amounts of a modifying polymer and/or copolymer such as ethylene vinyl acetate are incorporated into the polyolefin film. The polyolefin film may for instance be either a polyethylene or polypropylene film.

Abstract: The invention relates to compatibilized release compositions useful in release layers of release articles (e.g., release liners) and adhesive articles (e.g., pressure sensitive adhesive tapes). The compatibilized release compositions comprise a mixture of a thermoplastic olefin-based polymer comprising an acid or a base functionality and a polymeric release material comprising an acid or a base functionality. The functionality of the thermoplastic olefin-based polymer and the functionality of the polymeric release material are selected to provide an acid-base interaction.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to triggerable, water-dispersible cationic polymers. The present invention is also directed to a method of making triggerable, water-dispersible cationic polymers and their applicability as binder compositions. The present invention is further directed to fiber-containing fabrics and webs comprising triggerable, water-dispersible binder compositions and their applicability in water-dispersible personal care products, such as wet wipes.

Abstract: A compatible blend of an engineering thermoplastic such as a polyamide and an olefin polymer material is prepared by (1) making an oxidized olefin polymer material containing carboxylic acid groups or derivatives thereof, (2) extruding a mixture of (a) the oxidized olefin polymer material from step (1), (b) an engineering thermoplastic, (c) optionally, an inorganic base, and (d) optionally, a non-oxidized olefin polymer material, and (3) recovering a blend of the engineering thermoplastic, the oxidized olefin polymer material or an ionomer thereof, which acts as a compatibilizer, and, optionally, the non-oxidized olefin polymer material. The oxidized olefin polymer material can be made by treating the olefin polymer material with an organic peroxide initiator while adding a controlled amount of oxygen.

Abstract: An objective of the present invention is to provide a resin composition which gives a molding excellent in flexibility, impact resilience and mechanical properties and a golf ball having the better shot feel, a long carry, and the excellent cutting resistance when used in a golf ball cover. The resin composition of the present invention is characterized in comprising an ionomer resin, an alkoxysilyl group-containing hydrogenated conjugated diene-based polymer and/or an amino group-containing hydrogenated conjugated diene-based polymer. Alkoxysilyl group content and amino group content in the above-mentioned polymers are preferably 0.0001 to 5 mmol/g, respectively. The golf ball of the invention is characterized in that core is covered with a cover material using the above-mentioned resin composition.

Abstract: Multilayer blow molded containers, which comprise a layer of an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (A) having an ethylene content of 5 to 60% by mol and a degree of saponification of 85% or more and a layer of a resin composition (B), characterized in that the resin composition (B) comprises 1 to 40% by weight of a thermoplastic resin (b1) having at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of boron-containing groups that are convertible to a boronic acid group in the presence of water and a boronic acid group (hereinafter, referred to as a boron-containing functional group), and 60 to 99% by weight of polypropylene (b2), exhibit excellent gas-barrier properties, have good interlayer adhesion, have excellent thermal stability, and are low in production cost.

Abstract: A rubber modified polystyrene composition comprising polybutadiene particles dispersed in polystyrene, wherein the polybutadiene particles have an average volume particle diameter of 6 to 13 microns, and the composition has a gel content of 25 to 35% by weight and a degree of swelling of 13 to 22, is prepared by polymerizing the polybutadiene particles in the presence of styrene. The rubber modified polystyrene composition of the present invention may be used for components contacting flon compounds, such as components of refrigerators.

Abstract: A composition suitable for forming a primer layer on a polymer sheet comprising: a) polyethyleneimine; b) latex; wherein the latex has a Tg lower than 25° C. and c) a hydrophilic colloid material. A method of coating the composition is also disclosed.

Abstract: Extrusion processability of non-fluorinated melt-processable polymers is improved by introducing a fluoropolymer process aid by means whereby the weight average particle size of the fluoropolymer is greater than 2 microns as it reaches the extruder die entrance.

Abstract: A coating composition which includes an aminoalkyl (meth)acrylate containing acrylic polymer, a fluorocarbon polymer and a solvent. The acrylic polymer includes at least one (meth)acrylate monomers and an aminoalkyl (meth)acrylate monomer described by the structure: where Z is a divalent linking group; R2 and R3 are independently selected from H or C1-C6 linear or branched aliphatic; and R4 is H or CH3. The fluoropolymer coating composition may be applied using coil coating, spray coating or extrusion coating methods to an appropriate substrate.

Abstract: A pressure sensitive adhesive comprising a mixture of: a radiation-crosslinkable polymer A) composed of at least 40% by weight of C1 to C18 alkyl (meth)acrylates, and a polymer B) composed of at least 20% by weight of vinylpyrrolidone and of less than 40% by weight of C1 to C18 alkyl (meth)acrylates, wherein the fraction of the polymer B) in the mixture is less than 15% by weight, based on the sum of A)+B).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a thermoplastic styrenic resin composition comprises a styrenic copolymer comprising 15-100 parts by weight of a unit derived from a styrenic monomer (i-1), 0-45 parts by weight of a unit derived from a vinyl cyanide monomer (i-2), 0-40 parts by weight of a unit derived from a copolymerizable vinyl monomer (i-3) other than the above monomers, and 0.0005-1.0 parts by weight of a unit derived from a polyfunctional maleimide monomer, all based on 100 parts by weight of the total amount of (i-1) to (i-3). The thermoplastic styrenic resin composition manufactured in the present invention is excellent in processability. The rubber modified thermoplastic styrenic resin composition of the present invention gives a good heat stability, impact strength, fluidity and other mechanical properties. In addition, it also gives a uniform wall thickness, and the gloss on the surface of injected products after painting process is excellent.

Abstract: A method for making rotationally molded objects using resin blends. The resin blend comprises resin pellets and an amount of ground resin powder sufficient to yield rotomolded objects having desirable impact strength and other strength characteristics. Preferably, the resin blend comprises of from about 20% to about 50% by weight of ground resin powder. The resin pellets may optionally contain a reinforcing agent, and such pellets serve as a vehicle for effectively introducing desired reinforcing agents into the product being rotomolded. In addition, resin blends can be used to produce colored objects by rotational molding techniques.

Abstract: A curable, aqueous film-forming composition is provided that includes a polymeric binder comprising reactive functional groups, a crosslinking agent having at least two functional groups that are reactive with the functional groups of the polymeric binder, and a copolymer flow control agent comprising at least 30 mol % of residues containing alternating residues from a donor monomer and from an acceptor monomer. The copolymer contains at least 15 mol % of an isobutylene type donor monomer. Components (a) and (b) are substantially hydrophobic and are prepared as an aqueous dispersion comprising polymeric microparticles, prepared by mixing components (a) and (b) together under high shear conditions.

Abstract: A modified pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) is produced by polymerizing at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer to form a base polymer and reacting the base polymer with a modifying polymer comprising units derived from a n-vinyl lactam to thereby produce a modified polymer. The modified polymer can be used to form modified PSAs having improved adhesion properties over PSAs formed from the unmodified base polymer.

Abstract: A process for preparing a liquid rubber composition comprises: (a) Forming a reaction mixture of (i) from 1.0 to 99.999 weight percent of the reaction mixture of at least one C1-C20 alkyl acrylate monomer; and (ii) from 0.001 to 20 weight percent of the reaction mixture of at least one aromatic-containing initiator; (b) charging the reaction mixture into a reactor maintained at a reaction temperature of up to 400° C.; and (c) polymerizing said monomer with said aromatic-containing initiator to form a liquid rubber with polymer chains having at least one non-functional aromatic end-group.

Abstract: A polymer comprises polymer chains having a glass transition temperature of less than 25° C. and a weight average molecular weight of less than 20,000 wherein the polymer chains contain at least one non-functional aromatic end-group. The polymer is miscible in the uncured state of said thermoset resins and immiscible in the cured state of the thermoset resins.

Abstract: The present invention provides a rubber composition that provides excellent vibration-isolating properties, a vibration isolating rubber formed from the rubber composition and a vibration-isolating mount. The rubber composition contains 5 to 40 parts by weight of a styrene-butadiene-based copolymer rubber, having a weight-average molecular weight of 200,000 or less and a glass transition temperature of −35° C. or higher; and 95 to 60 parts by weight of a diolefin-based rubber, having a weight-average molecular weight exceeding 200,000 and a glass transition temperature of −20° C. or lower; where the weight are based on 100 parts by weight of the total amount of both. A vibration-isolating rubber comprising this composition has a performance relationship between a dynamic-to-static modulus ration (Kd/Ks), which is a ratio of a dynamic spring constant (Kd) to a static spring constant (Ks), and a loss factor (tan &dgr;), as shown by the equation (1): Kd/Ks≦20 tan &dgr;−1.8 (1).

Abstract: An adhesive composition is provided that contains both a hydrophobic phase and a hydrophilic phase, wherein the hydrophobic phase is composed of a crosslinked hydrophobic polymer composition and the hydrophilic phase is a water-absorbent blend of a hydrophilic polymer and a complementary oligomer capable of crosslinking the hydrophilic polymer through hydrogen bonding, ionic bonding, and/or covalent bonding. The composition is useful as a bioadhesive, for affixing drug delivery systems, wound dressings, bandages, cushions, or the like to a body surface such as skin or mucosal tissue.

Abstract: A crosslinked, predominantly polypropylene-based article comprises a silane-modified ethylene-based polyolefin, at least 50 percent by weight of a non silane-modified polypropylene, and a silane condensation catalyst. The article is moisture crosslinked to a sufficient degree that it possesses thermoset properties such that, when the article is heated to a temperature above the crystalline melting point of the non silane-modified polypropylene, it is softened but does not become liquid. The article preferably comprises a heat-shrinkable sleeve for a high-temperature transmission pipeline.

Abstract: The process of the present invention is a process to make a conductive fluorinated polymer composition (also called composite) wherein:

Abstract: The invention relates to antimicrobial polymers and polymer blends which are prepared by polymerizing a monomer of the formula I: where R1=—H or —CH3 R2=branched or unbranched aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, R3=H, or branched or unbranched aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 7 carbon atoms, R4=H, or branched or unbranched aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 7 carbon atoms, R5=H, or branched or unbranched aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 7 carbon atoms, and X=O, NH, NR5 and, where appropriate, then mixing with at least one other polymer. The antimicrobial polymers or blends may be used for producing hygiene items or items for medical technology, e.g. as a coating, or else in surface coatings or protective paints. They may also be used in a process for eliminating/reducing biofouling in water systems.

Abstract: A rubber composition having improved processability and which provides a vulcanized rubber exhibiting excellent wear resistance and good tensile strength to service temperatures of up to about 150° C. The composition comprises (1) a crosslinked polymer particle having as repeat units (a) up to about 25% of a conjugated diene unit, (b) at least 70% of an aromatic vinyl unit, (c) about 15% to about 30% of a crosslinking monomer, and (d) about 0.

Abstract: We have developed a process and product which provide thermoplastic articles featuring a permanent outer surface which has selectively varied chemical functionality while maintaining the inherent mechanical properties of the base fiber.

Abstract: This invention relates to polymer blend compositions and the process for preparing the same. In particular, the invention relates to novel blends of cationic polymers and anionic polymers which exhibit properties that make them useful as coatings for various substrates.

Abstract: A high-impact thermoplastic resin composition comprising: (A) 5 to 95 parts by weight of a thermoplastic elastomer comprising a partially or completely crosslinked saturated rubber-like polymer and a polyolefinic resin and/or a polystyrene-based resin, or a mixture of said thermoplastic elastomer and a polyolefinic resin; and (B) 95 to 5 parts by weight of at least one thermoplastic resin selected from the group consisting of polystyrene-based resins, polyamide-based resins, polyurethane-based resins, polycarbonate-based resins, polyphenylene ether-based resins, polyester-based resins, acrylic resins, polyacetal-based resins and polyphenylene sulfide-based resins, the total of the components (A) and (B) being 100 parts by weight, wherein the amount of the saturated rubber-like polymer in the composition is 1 to 40% by weight.

Abstract: A crosslinking agent for water-absorbing resins which comprises (A) at least one halohydrin compound selected between (A1) a first halohydrin compound having per molecule at least two halohydrin groups (D) represented by the general formula (I), wherein R1 represents hydrogen or alkyl and X represents chlorine or bromine and (A2) a second halohydrin compound having per molecule at least two halohydrin groups (D) represented by the formula (I) and having per molecule at least one ammonium group (M) represented by the general formula (II), wherein R2's each independently represents a C1-4 hydrocarbon group or benzyl.

Abstract: The invention provides an olefin resin composition for powder molding comprising 100 parts by weight of an olefin resin (A) having a glass transition temperature of 25° C. or lower such as a propylene homopolymer or hydrogenated styrene-butadiene block copolymer and 0.5 to 30 parts by weight of a non-halogen type thermoplastic resin (B) such as methyl methacrylate having a glass transition temperature of 60 to 200° C., an average particle diameter of 0.1 to 10 &mgr;m and a sphericity of 0.8 to 1.0. The resin composition is very excellent in powder flowability and can be easily molten even under conditions where there is little or no pressure or shear stress action, and so best suited for use as powder slush molding compositions.

Abstract: A coating composition which includes an aminoalkyl (meth)acrylate containing acrylic polymer, a fluorocarbon polymer and a solvent. The acrylic polymer includes at least one (meth)acrylate monomers and an aminoalkyl (meth)acrylate monomer described by the structure: where Z is a divalent linking group; R2 and R3 are independently selected from H or C1-C6 linear or branched aliphatic; and R4 is H or CH3. The fluoropolymer coating composition may be applied using coil coating, spray coating or extrusion coating methods to an appropriate substrate.

Abstract: In the present invention, the polymer composition is produced by polymerizing an anionically or cationically polymerizable monomer in the presence of a highly syndiotactic styrenic polymer and optionally a rubber-like polymer. The polymer composition thus obtained is improved in its solvent resistance without using any particular compatibilizer and has a good moldability.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for alkylating cross-linked polymers containing N- or amino, ammonium or spiro-bicyclic ammonium groups. According to said method, the gelated polymers, obtained by polymerization and cross-linking, are a) optionally, deprotonated in water, an organic solvent or in a mixture of an organic solvent and water, by adding a base, b) optionally, washed once or more with water, an organic solvent or a mixture of an organic solvent and water, then c) one or more alkylators are added to the gel suspension which is stirred in water, an organic solvent or in a mixture of an organic solvent and water, at a temperature of between 5 and 160° C. at normal or increased pressure, with a base being added after a short mixing time and d) reprotonation is carried out using a mineral acid, optionally after one or more washing steps, resulting in the alkylated, cross-linked polymers containing N- or amino, ammonium or spirobicyclic ammonium groups, accordingly.

Abstract: The present invention is relative to a liquid electrolyte absorbing polymer which liquid electrolyte absorbing polymer is comprised of a water-insoluble polymer and of hydrophilic polar groups introduced into the water-insoluble polymer. The liquid electrolyte absorbing polymer is prepared by introducing hydrophilic polar groups to the water-insoluble polymer. A cell is formed using this liquid electrolyte absorbing polymer in dried state and the electrolyte in dried state as constituent units. The liquid electrolyte absorbing polymer and the cell employing the liquid electrolyte absorbing polymer are inexpensive, high in safety and are capable of absorbing plural sorts of the electrolytes simultaneously. The cell employing the liquid electrolyte absorbing polymer of the present invention is free from leakage or vaporization of the liquid electrolyte to outside the cell system and has prolonged shell life until use.

Abstract: The invention concerns an epoxidized trialkylammonium salt characterised in that it is selected among salts of general formula (I), wherein: R represents a (CH2)n—A—NH—(CH2)n′—N+R1R2R3 group wherein A represents a —CO— or CH2— group; n′ and n range between 1 and 20, with n+n′ not less than 10; R1, R2 and R3 are C1-C20 alkyl or mono-hydroxyalkyl groups, linear or branched, identical or different; X represents counterion. The invention also concerns a synthesis method for said salts, the use of said salts as chemical grafting agents, a chemical grafting method for substrates and the resulting biocidal and/or bacteriostatic substrates.

Abstract: Blends comprising a polar derivative of an ethylene based polymer and a cycloolefin polymer are prepared. The ethylene based polymer preferably comprises at least 60 weight % of ethylene, relative to the weight of the polymer and polar monomers selected from the group of carboxylic acids, alkyl acrylates and vinyl acetates. It is preferably 0.01 to 99.5% neutralized with metal ions selected from sodium, potassium, zinc, calcium, magnesium, lithium, aluminum, nickel, and chromium. The cycloolefin polymer is preferably an ethylene-norbornene copolymer. The invention also relates to the applications of such blends as sealant layers and film packagings. The perforation resistance, the heat seal initiation temperature and the hot tack strength of such films are improved.

Abstract: A multilayer injection blow molded container of this invention, containing a layer of a specific ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (A) and a layer of a resin composition (B) comprising a thermoplastic resin (b1) having a specific functional group and polypropylene (b2), is disclosed, having characteristics that it has excellent gas-barrier properties, has good interlayer adhesion, has excellent thermal stability and can be produced with a low cost.

Abstract: An oil resistant rubber modified polystyrene composition comprises polybutadiene rubber particles having an average volume particle diameter of 6 to 13 &mgr;m dispersed in polystyrene. The oil resistant rubber modified polystyrene of the present invention has a gel content of 25 to 35% by weight, a degree of swelling of 13 to 22, a residual volatile content of 2000 ppm or less, and a total amount of dimer and trimer of 8000 ppm or less. The oil resistant rubber modified polystyrene composition may be prepared by polymerizing styrene in the presence of polybutadiene rubber, foaming a solution of the rubber modified polystyrene under a reduced pressure of 3 to 40 mm Hg, heating the solution in a tubular heater to a temperature of 190 to 230° C., and then flushing the heated solution into a gas-liquid separator to devolatilize an unreacted monomer and a solvent therefrom.

Abstract: A pressure-sensitive adhesive composition comprising a water-soluble polymer A, a water-insoluble component B, a water-incompatible solvent C that dissolves the water-insoluble component B and is incompatible with water, a water-soluble plasticizer D, and water, wherein the pressure-sensitive adhesive composition in a dry state has water solubility according to Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry Useful Method 213 (TAPPI UM 213). Also disclosed are a method for producing a pressure-sensitive adhesive composition according to the present invention, comprising the steps of: preliminarily preparing a true nonaqueous solution of a water-insoluble component B in a water-incompatible solvent C, and mixing the true nonaqueous solution with an aqueous solution of at least one member selected from the group consisting of a water-soluble polymer A and a water-soluble plasticizer D, and a pressure-sensitive adhesive and a pressure-sensitive adhesive tape that use the composition.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to ion-sensitive, hard water dispersible polymers. The present invention is also directed to a method of making ion-sensitive, hard water dispersible polymers and their applicability as binder compositions. The present invention is further directed to fiber-containing fabrics and webs comprising ion-sensitive, hard water dispersible binder compositions and their applicability in water dispersible personal care products.

Abstract: A thermoplastic elastomer exhibiting scarce tendency of depositing gummy crust around the extrusion die upon extrusion molding articles therefrom and a superior oil-resistance, which comprises (A) a crystalline polyolefin resin and (B) a cross-linked rubber component produced by a specific melt-kneading technique and which has a certain high level of gel content, a high oil-resistance and a certain reduced rate of deposition of gummy crust on the extrusion die.