Abstract: A fabric reinforced thermoplastic composite which is reformable at a temperature less than about 100.degree. C. The thermoplastic comprises about 70 to 95% by weight of polyvinyl chloride and about 5 to 30% by weight of a halogenated polyvinyl chloride. The composite is used for forming orthotics and prosthesis devices.

Abstract: Alkali-resistant core-shell polymers having an acid-insoluble core and an acid-soluble shell are prepared by sequential emulsion polymerization of a monomer mixture having acid-ionizable functionality such that the resulting polymer has an acid-insoluble core and an acid-soluble shell. Films from these alkali-resistant, core-shell polymers are resistant to high pH environments where alkali-resistance is required. The alkali-resistant, core-shell polymers are useful in applications such as inks, clear overprint varnishes, coatings, metal adhesion, fiber treatment, paper treatment, cathodic deposition coatings, stain blocking, coagulants and flocculants.

Abstract: The addition of a polyolefin-acrylic graft copolymer to blends of polyolefin and core-shell polymers improves compatibility and allows core-shell polymers to be used as processing and performance modifiers polyolefins. Generally the compatibilizing additive is a graft copolymer of a polyolefin and a methacrylate. More specifically, the graft copolymer is derived from at least about 80% of a monomer of a methacrylic ester of the formula CH.sub.2 .dbd.C(CH.sub.3)COOR, where R may be alkyl, aryl, or aralkyl, substituted or unsubstituted, and less than 20%, based on a total monomer weight, of an acrylic or styrenic monomer copolymerizable with the methacrylic ester grafted on to a non polar polyolefin trunk, so that at least one chain is a polymer with a weight average molecular weight greater than about 20,000 and is present in a weight ratio with the polyolefin trunk of from about 1:9 to about 4:1.

Abstract: Thermoplastic elastomer resins are described which comprise vinyl halide grafted to crosslinked acrylic latex particles comprising predominantly acrylate-containing, crosslinked polymer chains derived from(A) at least one acrylate monomer of the formulaCH.sub.2 .dbd.C(R.sub.1)C(O)OR.sub.2 (I)wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen or methyl; and R.sub.2 is an alkyl group containing from 1 to 29 carbon atoms, an alkoxy alkyl or alkyl thioalkyl group containing from 2 to about 7 carbon atoms, or a cyano alkyl group containing from 2 to about 7 carbon atoms; and(B) at least one alpha, beta-unsaturated dicarboxylic acid, provided that the dicarboxylic acid repeating units are optional when the TPE resin contains less than about 35% by weight of vinyl halide.

Abstract: A modified polymer rubber is obtained by(1) graft-polymerizing at least one grafting monomer to a shreaded rubbery polymer (A) in an aqueous suspension at a temperature of 30.degree.-130.degree. C. to obtain a graft polymer, and(2) kneading the graft polymer with at least one polymerizable monomer in the presence of a free radical initiator at a temperature of 180.degree.-280.degree. C. This process does not cause gel formation and is advantageous in manufacturing cost.The modified polymer rubber thus obtained is excellent in processability and storage stability, and highly useful as a compatibilizer for various resins.

Abstract: A method of addition of polymerization initiator in the process of suspension polymerization or emulsion polymerization polymerizing a polymerizable monomer in aqueous medium, comprising introducing a low-temperature-active polymerization initiator taking part in the polymerization reaction to a piping system filled beforehand with water and successively adding said initiator in the piping system to polymerization system within 20 minutes using water.

Abstract: A process is provided for the production of a graft copolymer by means of emulsion polymerization. The graft base used is a sulfonate group-containing vinyl ester/ethylene latex which is stabilized exclusively by an anionic emulsifier (CMC.gtoreq.0.5% by weight in H.sub.2 O) and is grafted, preferably with vinyl chloride, without further addition of emulsifier or protective colloid. The graft copolymers according to the invention have good water resistance and very good thermoplastic processability. They are useful as impact modifiers and for the production of articles, such as, soft to semi-hard moldings.

Abstract: A process for preparing an elastomer-containing vinyl chloride graft copolymer having an elastomer content of up to 65% by weight. The process comprises forming a mixture of an elastomer dispersion, water, buffer and initiator, adding a precipitating agent; after precipitation has occurred, metering into the mixture the grafting monomer and a protective colloid; and then subjecting the mixture to suspension polymerization conditions. The graft copolymeric material is useful as an impact modifier or as plasticizer-free flexible PVC.

Abstract: Thermoplastic elastomer resins are described which comprise vinyl halide grafted to crosslinked acrylic latex particles comprising predominantly acrylate-containing, crosslinked polymer chains derived from(A) at least one acrylate monomer of the formulaCH.sub.2 .dbd.C(R.sub.1)C(O)OR.sub.2 (I)wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen or methyl; and R.sub.2 is an alkyl group containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxy alkyl or alkyl thioalkyl group containing from 2 to about 7 carbon atoms, or a cyano alkyl group containing from 2 to about 7 carbon atoms; and(B) at least one alpha, beta-unsaturated dicarboxylic acid, provided that the dicarboxylic acid repeating units are optional when the TPE resin contains less than about 35% by weight of vinyl halide.

Abstract: A heat resistant polyvinyl chloride copolymer or a heat and impact resistant polyvinyl chloride copolymer is prepared by conducting graft copolymerization of N-substituted maleimide on a vinyl chloride resin or a rubber containing vinyl chloride resin.The graft copolymerization reaction is carried out in the presence of a radical polymerizable monomer which is (1) liquid at the polymerization temperature, (2) capable of dissolving the N-substituted maleimide at the temperature, (3) 70.degree. C. or more in glass transition temperature of the polymer thereof, and (4) used in an amount sufficient to dissolve the N-substituted maleimide.

Abstract: Polyolefin-vinyl polymer composites are produced by impregnating polyolefin particles with vinyl monomer and free radical polymerization initiator in the ratio of about 10-200 parts by weight of vinyl monomer and 0.01-4.0 parts by weight free radical polymerization initiator per 100 parts by weight polyolefin, the impregnation being effected by slowly mixing the components at room temperature or at an elevated temperature below the decomposition temperature of the free radical polymerization initiator. After the impregnation is completed, an aqueous suspension of the mixture is formed by adding the same to water in a ratio of about 100 parts by weight of mixture per 80-1000 parts by weight of water, after which the aqueous suspension is heated to a temperature sufficiently high to polymerize the vinyl monomer.

Abstract: The maleimide copolymer of the invention is of the class of N-substituted maleimide copolymer such as N-alkyl or N-aromatic maleimide copolymer having peroxy bonds in a molecule, utilizable as a precursor for preparing a maleimide block copolymer and as a modifier for other resins. The maleimide block copolymer, which is useful as a molding material or a thermal resistance improver, is obtained by polymerizing maleimide monomers in the presence of a polymeric peroxide followed by polymerizing vinyl monomers.

Abstract: In a preferred embodiment, the invention herein relates to blends of a PVC-containing thermoplastic material and an impact modifier which blends have improved abrasion resistance and a reduced adhesion to glass, said impact modifier has Shore A hardness greater than 70 and is used in an amount of greater than 50 weight parts per 100 weight parts of said thermoplastic material.

Abstract: A core/shell polymer is capable of increasing a composition's whiteness or opacity. The core and shell polymers have either a crystalline structure or have a T.sub.g of at least about 50.degree. C. The core polymer has a different composition than the composition of the shell polymer. The core polymer comprises vinylidene halide monomers and/or vinyl halide monomers. The core and shell polymers are either homopolymers or copolymers.

Abstract: A methacrylimide-containing polymer comprising a polymer (A) comprised of 5-100 weight % of units represented by the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R is H or C1-20 hydrocarbon group, and 0-95 weight % of units derived from an ethylenic monomer, wherein a polymer derived from at least one ethylenic monomer has been grafted onto the polymer (A). The methacrylimide-containing polymer is used as a blend with another thermoplastic polymer.

Abstract: A reinforcing agent for vulcanizable rubber compounds comprises an anhydrous metal salt of an .alpha.-.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid having a crystalline structure consisting essentially of plates and fibers. Vulcanizable rubber compounds containing such reinforcing agents have improved physical properties over rubber compounds containing conventional metal carboxylic acid salts. Methods for the preparation of such anhydrous metal salts and methods for the reinforcement of vulcanizable rubber compounds therewith are also provided.

Abstract: Statistical AB-block copolymers having improved properties, a process for their manufacture and their use. Tire treads made of the statistical AB block copolymers according to the invention are characterized by high skid resistance under wet conditions combined with persistently low abrasion, good dynamic properties and rapid vulcanization.

Abstract: A graft copolymer produced by polymerizing an ethylenically unsaturated monomer in the presence of a fluorine-containing resin having reactive double bonds via a urethane linkage is excellent in transparency and pigment dispersibility and can provide a coating composition excellent in weather resistance.

Abstract: Fiber reinforced composites are comprised of a vinyl resin composition and fibrous reinforcement material which is coated with a uniformly thin and continuous elastomeric coating. The coating is prepared from an aqueous dispersion containing a reactive liquid polymer composition, an epoxy resin and a curing agent.

Abstract: The polymers of ethylenically unsaturated monomers exhibit a greater degree of clarity and a greater degree of heat stability than do vinylidene chloride copolymers but do not have the barrier properties of vinylidene chloride copolymers. The present invention is an emulsion polymerized interpolymer, which provides both clarity and low oxygen permeability to applications where such properties are required of a polymer, having two miscible phases, which comprises (a) a first phase of an effective amount of at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer and (b) a second phase of an effective amount of vinylidene chloride monomer and at least one ethylenically unsaturated comonomer wherein the first phase and the second phase are miscible.

Abstract: A core/shell polymer is capable of increasing a composition's whiteness or opacity. The core and shell polymers have either a crystalline structure or have a T.sub.g of at least about 50.degree. C. The core polymer has a different composition than the composition of the shell polymer. The core polymer comprises vinylidene halide monomers and/or vinyl halide monomers. The core and shell polymers are either homopolymers or copolymers.

Abstract: A semi-continuous, multi-stage polymerization process is provided for synthesizing a heat-sealable multi-layered composite particle latex. The multi-layered composite latex particles of this invention provide excellent oxygen and vapor barrier properties without hindering the desired surface properties, including high heat-sealing strength, low minimal seal temperature, excellent machinability, i.e. low blocking and low coefficient of friction. The latex particles of the present invention are formed as three-layered composite particles having an acrylic ester seed layer composed of a copolymer of methyl methacrylate and methyl acrylate. The latex particles have an intermediate core layer composed of a terpolymer having a high vinylidene chloride concentration, the other comonomers of the core layer include methyl acrylate and methacrylic acid.

Abstract: Disclosed are electrorheological (ER) fluids which display improved stability against sedimentation, reduced current density and good ER responses. Thes=e ER fluids are prepared from monomers which are polymerized by dispersion polymerization in a low conductivity medium which also serves as the dispersion medium for the fluid. The ER fluids are further processed by modifying the polymer particles through polymerization of a hydrophilic monomer to form a hydrophilic shell or globule around the particles followed by neutralization through addition of an organic soluble base. The resulting dispersion is then doped with water to obtain a stable ER fluid. The hydrophilic shell or globule constitutes about 15% of the particle. Water dopant is only absorbed by the hydrophilic portion of the particle and does not enter into the core of the particle. The quantity of water is significantly reduced, which in turn results in a significant reduction of the current density at any given comparative voltage.

Abstract: Disclosed are electrorheological (ER) fluids which display improved stability against sedimentation, reduced current density and good electrorheological response. These ER fluids are prepared from monomers which are polymerized by dispersion polymerization in a low conductivity medium which in most embodiments of the invention serves as the dispersion medium for the fluid. the ER fluids are further processed by modifying the polymer particles through polymerization of a hydrophilic monomer to form a hydrophilic shell or globule around the particles. The resulting dispersion is then doped with water to obtain a stable ER fluid. The hydrophilic shell or globule constitutes a minor part of the particle. Water dopant is only absorbed by the hydrophilic portion of the particle and does not enter into the core of the particle. The quantity of water is significantly reduced, which in turn results in a significant reduction of the current density at any given applied field strength.

Abstract: A process is described for the preparation of a polymer which contains, besides polymerized units of vinyl chloride, 30 to 60% by weight, relative to the polymer, of polymerized units of an acrylate, if appropriate together with copolymerizable monomers. The acrylate is firstly polymerized in aqueous emulsion with addition of a monomer containing at least 2 ethylenically unsaturated, non-conjugated double bonds in the presence of a fatty acid salt and in the presence of an alkane- or alkylarylsulfonate. Polymerization in aqueous suspension is then carried out in which vinyl chloride, customary polymerization auxiliaries, a precipitant for the emulsifiers used in the emulsion polymerization, and water are initially introduced, and the acrylate dispersion produced by emulsion polymerization is subsequently added. Polymers of high bulk density and good free-flowing properties which can easily be demonomerized are thus obtained.

Abstract: The polymers of ethylenically unsaturated monomers exhibit a greater degree of clarity and a greater degree of heat stability than do vinylidene chloride copolymers but do not have the barrier properties of vinylidene chloride copolymers. The present invention is an emulsion polymerized interpolymer, which provides both clarity and low oxygen permeability to applications where such properties are required of a polymer, having two miscible phases, which comprises (a) a first phase of an effective amount of at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer and (b) a second phase of an effective amount of vinylidene chloride monomer and at least one ethylenically unsaturated comonomer wherein the first phase and the second phase are miscible.

Abstract: An elasticized, dispersion-grade vinyl chloride resin powder is provided which not only imparts improved elasticity and reduced hysteresis losses to fluid plastisols made therewith, but also has excellent stability under adverse environmental conditions, insuring consistent performance in plastisols even after said powder has been in storage for several months. This resin powder has an average particle size between about 0.4 and about 4 microns and contains between about 0.5 and about 20% by weight of an elastomeric acrylic polymer having a T.sub.g below about -10.degree. C. which is present as discrete particles most of which are at least partly occluded by hard thermoplastic vinyl chloride polymer formed in situ, which vinyl chloride polymer represents substantially all of the remaining mass of said powder.Fluid plastisols prepared from said resin powder are also described as well as finished articles of improved resiliency and elasticity, which are made from said plastisols.

Abstract: Polyvinyl chloride resins are treated with a low inherent viscosity-high glass transition temperature enhancing agent to impart improved processing properties thereto, especially melt flow, which are desirable in various melt type fabrication processes such as custom injection molding. The high glass transition temperature-inherent viscosity enhancing agent is made by polymerizing one or more high glass transition temperature agent forming monomers in the presence of a chain transfer agent. The agent has a high glass transition temperature as well as a low inherent viscosity. The high glass transition temperature-inherent viscosity enhancing agent is produced as an overpolymer in a mass polymerization reaction.

Abstract: Core/shell polymers containing a rubber-core and a thermoplastic shell acrylate-vinylacetate-acrylic terpolymer having excellent cold seal strength properties.

Abstract: Various fabrication properties of polyvinyl chloride are improved such as melt flow by treating the polyvinyl chloride resin with a low inherent viscosity-high glass transition temperature enhancing agent. The treatment occurs as a suspension overpolymerization on the polyvinyl chloride resin by reacting at least one high glass transition temperature enhancing agent with at least one substantially water insoluble chain transfer agent. The formed high glass transition temperature-low inherent viscosity agent imparts a high glass transition temperature to the polyvinyl chloride resin and also reduces the inherent viscosity to a level below the inherent viscosity formed by the combined effect of the polyvinyl chloride resin and the glass transition temperature agent.

Abstract: Graft polymers are prepared by reacting an ethylenically unsaturated polymerizable monomer with a polymer of an olefin of 2 to about 8 carbon atoms in a process wherein the olefin polymer is substantially insoluble in the monomer but is capable of absorbing the monomer. In a preferred aspect, a vinyl halide polyolefin graft polymer is produced by reacting a solid polyolefin particle with a vinyl halide monomer in which the polyolefin is substantially insoluble, but is capable of absorbing the monomer. The solid particles can be contacted with the monomer in one step or in stages. When the stage-wise reaction is continued until the proportion of polyolefin in the polymer product is about 2 to about 20 weight percent, the resulting product can be formed to a transparent or translucent article.

Abstract: A process for the production of a thermoplastic composition for molded parts having improved impact resistance, transparency, surface gloss, and weatherability, and formed of a hard inner core of crosslinked polystyrene, a rubber-elastic intermediate layer of crosslinked polyacrylic ester, and an outer layer of polyvinyl chloride, wherein the inner core thereof is produced by the steps of:(a) forming a mixture, before or after addition of an initiator, under polymerization conditions in the presence of an emulsifier, of 0.01-5.

Abstract: Vinyl chloride polymer (PVC) composition especially suitable for calendering which comprises PVC, at least one copolymer of an alkyl (meth)acrylate (preferably n-butyl acrylate) and alpha methyl styrene of low molecular weight (10,000 to 100,000) achieved by performing the copolymerization in the presence of a chain transfer agent, particularly cyclohexene, and which composition optionally contains a processing aid, and wherein the PVC and said at least one alkyl (meth)acrylate copolymer are admixed by performing the VC polymerization process to produce the PVC in the presence of the alkyl (meth)acrylate copolymer.

Abstract: Graft polymers are prepared by reacting an ethylenically unsaturated polymerizable monomer with a polymer of an olefin of 2 to about 8 carbon atoms in a process wherein the olefin polymer is substantially insoluble in the monomer but is capable of absorbing the monomer. In a preferred aspect, a vinyl halide polyolefin graft polymer is produced by reacting a solid polyolefin particle with a vinyl halide monomer in which the polyolefin is substantially insoluble, but is capable of absorbing the monomer. The solid particles can be contacted with the monomer in one step or in stages. When the stage-wise reaction is continued until the proportion of polyolefin in the polymer product is about 2 to about 20 weight percent, the resulting product can be formed to a transparent or translucent article.

Abstract: A process for producing a resin composition which comprises suspension-polymerizing at least one vinyl monomer in an aqueous medium in the presence of a dispersing agent, said suspension polymerization being carried out using a nonionic dispersant as said dispersing agent in the presence of a high-molecular-weight vinyl polymer having a weight average molecular weight of at least 500,000 obtained by emulsion polymerization.

Abstract: Interpolymers made by polymerizing vinyl chloride monomer in the presence of a polyimide show excellent heat distortion resistance and processing characteristics.

Abstract: A thermoplastic, melt-processible, elastomeric composition based on partially crosslinked compatible blends of an ethylene copolymer and a vinyl or vinylidene halide polymer.

Abstract: A curable resin composition which comprises (1) a copolymer composed of an aminoalkyl acrylate and/or aminoalkyl methacrylate and an ethylenically unsaturated monomer being formulated with (2) a compound having at least two acryloyl groups in the molecule.The composition can be cured at low temperatures in the range of ordinary temperature to 120.degree. C., and therefore advantageously used for the formation of coating films in the application fields, such as plastics, wood and concrete, where heat treatment cannot be performed. Also, the composition which exhibits excellent adherence toward various kinds of substrates can be used as adhesives and different kinds of primers, as well. Furthermore, the composition can provide coating films that excel in terms of water resistance, weathering resistance and solvent resistance, and therefore be utilized for overpaints, etc.

Abstract: A thermoplastic, melt-processible, elastomeric composition based on partially crosslinked compatible blends of an ethylene copolymer and a vinyl or vinylidene halide polymer.

Abstract: Graft polymers are prepared by reacting an ethylenically unsaturated polymerizable monomer with a polymer of an olefin of 2 to about 8 carbon atoms in a process wherein the olefin polymer is substantially insoluble in the monomer but is capable of absorbing the monomer. In a preferred aspect, a vinyl halide polyolefin graft polymer is produced by reacting a solid polyolefin particle with a vinyl halide monomer in which the polyolefin is substantially insoluble, but is capable of absorbing the monomer. The solid particles can be contacted with the monomer in one step or in stages. When the stage-wise reaction is continued until the proportion of polyolefin in the polymer product is about 2 to abut 20 weight percent, the resulting product can be formed to a transparent or translucent article.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for graft-copolymerizing vinyl chloride monomer to a polyfluorine resin to produce resins of improved physical properties and processability parameters. The vinyl chloride monomer and polyfluorine resin are first treated in a highly alkaline medium and at a high temperature, and the mixture is stirred. Suspension agent(s), water and an initiator are added to the mixture after the temperature thereof has been lowered. The resultant mixture which has been stirred and homogenized is heated to a temperature at which polymerization is completed. Thereafter the mixture is neutralized, washed, and dried. A product having improved impact strength and resistance to heat and abrasion results.

Abstract: Graft polymers are prepared by reacting an ethylenically unsaturated polymerizable monomer with a polymer of an olefin of 2 to about 8 carbon atoms in a process wherein the olefin polymer is substantially insoluble in the monomer but is capable of absorbing the monomer. In a preferred aspect, a vinyl halide polyolefin graft polymer is produced by reacting a solid polyolefin particle with a vinyl halide monomer in which the polyolefin is substantially insoluble, but is capable of absorbing the monomer. The solid particles can be contacted with the monomer in one step or in stages. When the stage-wise reaction is contined until the proportion of polyolefin in the polymer product is about 2 to about 20 weight percent, the resulting product can be formed to a transparent or translucent article.

Abstract: An electroconductive resin composition is a blend of 5-30% by weight carbon black and a graft-polymer. The graft-polymer is obtained by graft polymerizing 99-76 parts by weight of monomeric vinyl chloride to 1-15 parts by weight of an ethylenevinyl acetate copolymer, the ethylenevinyl acetate copolymer containing 10-65% by weight of vinyl acetate. The electroconductive resin composition has superior heat resistance and mechanical strength and improved flowability and heat stability. The electroconductive resin composition is particularly suitable for preparing video disc records.

Abstract: The process is described for the continuous suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride in aqueous phase, in which the polymerization mixture is subjected, in 2 zones, to treatment employing different process parameters in respect of final conversion, dwell time, number of theoretical cascade stages and stirrer power applied. This procedure gives, at good space-time yields, very uniform products which have a narrow particle size distribution, a high bulk density, good flow and a low speck count. In spite of using standard kettle material, only a very low formation of deposit on the kettle walls is observed.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel organic pigments adapted particularly for use as fillers for paper. The organic pigments are finely divided particles obtained by graft copolymerizing an ethylenically unsaturated monomer, such as styrene, onto a water-soluble cationic prepolymer in an aqueous solution and in the presence of a free-radical polymerization initiator.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel organic pigments adapted particularly for use as fillers for paper. The organic pigments are finely divided particles obtained by graft copolymerizing an ethylenically unsaturated monomer, such as styrene, onto a water-soluble cationic prepolymer in an aqueous solution and in the presence of a free-radical polymerization initiator.

Abstract: An elastomeric flame and smoke retardant graft copolymer consisting essentially of a backbone copolymer derived from a conjugated diene and butyl acrylate and a side chain polymer derived from vinylidene chloride is prepared by polymerization under emulsion conditions. The graft copolymer may contain from 10 to 70 percent by weight of units derived from the conjugated diene, from 5 to 40 percent by weight of units derived from butyl acrylate and from 15 to 75 percent by weight of units derived from vinylidene chloride. In addition to excellent flame and smoke retardant characteristics, the graft copolymer exhibits excellent low temperature flexibility. The graft copolymers can be utilized in applications such as cushioning, insulation and coating applications where such characteristics are of major importance.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel organic pigments adapted particularly for use as fillers for paper. The organic pigments are finely divided particles obtained by graft copolymerizing an ethylenically unsaturated monomer, such as styrene, onto a water-soluble cationic prepolymer in an aqueous solution and in the presence of a free-radical polymerization initiator.

Abstract: A vinylidene chloride copolymer composition manufactured by the addition of a grease copolymer, such as low molecular weight ethylene-vinyl-acetate copolymer, in place of or in combination with conventional plasticizer blend additions.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel organic pigments adapted particularly for use as fillers for paper. The organic pigments are finely divided particles obtained by graft copolymerizing an ethylenically unsaturated monomer, such as styrene, onto a water-soluble cationic prepolymer in an aqueous solution and in the presence of a free-radical polymerization initiator.