Abstract: Vulcanizable fluorocarbon elastomer compositions containing a vinylidene fluoride copolymer and a fluoroaliphatic sulfonamide curing agent. A second curing agent selected from organic polyhydroxy compounds or derivatives thereof, and an organo-onium accelerator are also employed. The compositions of this invention can be used to prepare shaped articles that exhibit high tensile strength accompanied by high elongation and a low value of compression set.

Abstract: In one embodiment this invention provides poly(maleic anhydride) side chain copolymers which exhibit nonlinear optical susceptibility and which can be formed into crack-free thin film waveguiding media. An invention copolymer is illustrated by the recurring structure: ##STR1## The side chain chromophores can be oriented by an external field to form a noncentrosymmetric thin film which exhibits second order nonlinear optical susceptibility.

Abstract: There is disclosed an organic nonlinear optical material which comprises a polymer having the following constitutional units, in amounts of 5 to 100 mole % of (I) and 0 to 95 mole % of (II), and a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the polymer being 10,000 to 2,000,000. ##STR1## wherein the symbols represent the same meanings as defined in the specification. ##STR2## A nonlinear optical element has large nonlinear optical effect and yet is excellent in molding processability so that it can be widely applied to the filed of optical processings.

Abstract: N-halothiosulfonamide-modified non-rubbery thermoplastic polyolefins are provided. The modified polyolefin products are prepared by reaction of a non-rubbery thermoplastic polyolefin polymer with an N-halothiosulfonamide in the absence or, preferably, in the presence of a catalyst. The preferred catalyst for use in the preparation of these products are salts of weak acids of specified metals.

Abstract: Functional polyolefins containing a terminal functional group; the block copolymers that can be obtained from such polyolefins by reaction with polymers reactive with the functional groups and the precursors used for the preparation of the functionalized polyolefins, which are made of olefin polymers terminated at one end with ZnR groups where R is an alkyl or aryl radical with 1-10 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Bistriazene compounds such as ##STR1## are useful for crosslinking polymers such as poly(imides), poly(aryl ether ketones), poly(aryl ether sulfones), poly(quinolines), poly(quinoxalines), and nonaromatic fluoropolymers having aliphatic C--H groups. Polymers crosslinked with these bistriazene compounds are useful as interlayer insulators in multilayer integrated circuit articles.

Abstract: Polymers tagged with pendant fluorescent groups are prepared by the (trans)amidation derivatization of pre-existing polymers having carbonyl-type pendant groups. Polymers having pendant amide groups wherein the amide nitrogen is substituted with fluorescent moieties, prepared by (trans)amidation drrivatization, are provided. Polymers having pendant (sulfonated) napthalene moieties substituted to amide nitrogen are provided.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for hydroformylation of carbon black. The carbon black is hydroformylated by reacting carbon black with carbon monoxide and hydrogen under hydroformylation conditions in the presence of a hydroformylation catalyst and organic reaction solvent. Addition of the hydroformylated carbon black enhances the rates of cure of sulfur vulcanizable rubber.

Abstract: A catalyst composition is provided which comprises at least one specified metal salt of a weak acid and a zinc salt of a weak acid or an iron salt of a weak acid. A process for preparing a N-halothio-sulfonamide-modified terpolymer of ethylene, an alpha olefin and a diene utilizing the catalyst is also provided. The catalyst is a selective catalyst in this process.

Abstract: Method for modifying polymers with pendant carboxyl groups through reaction with nucleophilic reagent, e.g., sulfide, selenide, cyanide, to produce a carrier on which biologically active materials such as enzymes may be immobilized.

Abstract: A process is provided for preparing a N-halothiosulfonamide modified polyolefin of at least one 1-alkene, and at least one diene which, after incorporation in the polyolefin includes a carbon atom which is fully substituted, for example, 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene. The process comprises reacting a N-halothiosulfonamide with the polyolefin in the presence of a non-nucleophilic base and a catalyst comprising a salt of a weak acid of specified metals. The process is particularly suited to be performed in the melt phase.

Abstract: A process for improving the properties of a high molecular weight hydrocarbon polymer by reducing the molecular weight thereof and thereby reducing the melt viscosity while retaining the characteristics which provide luster to fibers produced from the polymer is provided. In accordance with the process, the polymer is melted and reacted with both a free radical initiator for lowering the molecular weight and melt viscosity of the polymer by chain scission and a crosslinking agent for crosslinking shortened polymer chains.

Abstract: N-halothiosulfonamide-modified rubber products are provided. The modified rubber products are prepared by reaction of a rubber, such as a butyl rubber or a halogenated butyl rubber, with a N-halothiosulfonamide in the absence or in the presence of a catalyst.

Abstract: N-halothiosulfonamide-modified non-rubbery thermoplastic polyolefins are provided. The modified polyolefin products are prepared by reaction of a non-rubbery thermoplastic polyolefin polymer with an N-halothiosulfonamide in the absence or, preferably, in the presence of a catalyst. The preferred catalyst for use in the preparation of these products are salts of weak acids of specified metals.

Abstract: Imidized acrylic polymers obtained by means of the reaction of an acrylic resin in the molten state, with at least one modifying agent having the general formula:R--X--NH--R' (I)wherein:R and R' are either equal to, or different from, each other and represent hydrogen or an alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or alkylaryl radical containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, andX is a bifunctional radical selected from the group consisting of: --CO--, --CONH--, --NHCO--, --OCO--, --SO.sub.2 --, --C.sub.6 H.sub.4 SO.sub.2 --.

Abstract: A catalyst composition is provided which comprises at least one specified metal salt of a weak acid and a zinc salt of a weak acid or an iron salt of a weak acid. A process for preparing a N-halothio-sulfonamide-modified terpolymer of ethylene, an alpha olefin and a diene utilizing the catalyst is also provided. The catalyst is a selective catalyst in this process.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for acceleratively vulcanizing rubber. Starting rubber, natural or synthetic, is combined with specified amounts of a selected accelerator whereby vulcanization characteristics can be greatly improved. Such accelerator has its source of supply from serums by-produced upon treatment of natural rubber latexes.

Abstract: In a process of crosslinking a rubber compound with the usage of an organic peroxide as the crosslinking agent, is incorporated to the rubber compound in an amount of 0.5-20 parts by weight per 100 parts of a rubber substrate a compound selected from imidazole type compounds, thiourea type compounds, thiazole type compounds, thiuram type compounds, dithiocarbamate type compounds, phenol type compounds, triazole type compounds and amine type compounds. The process results no surface tackiness of the rubber product crosslinked in the presence of oxygen.

Abstract: Acrylamide terpolymers which contain from 1-40 mole percent of acrylamido C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl of C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 hydroxy alkyl sulfonates may be prepared by using as the starting material aqueous acrylamide polymer gels.

Abstract: Polymer bound antioxidants are provided in which the antioxidant stabilizer groups are chemically bound to polymers or copolymers by an acylaminoimide or diacylhydrazide function. The polymer bound antioxidants are prepared by reacting hydrazido substituted antioxidants with some or all of the anhydride groups of anhydride containing polymers or copolymers. The concentration of the stabilizers bound to the polymer may be readily varied depending upon the particular end-use of said polymer. Polymer with high concentrations of bound antioxidants can be used as masterbatches to stabilize other polymer systems.

Abstract: A method of making polyetherimide foam precursors and flexible polyetherimide foams having improved specific tensile strength, resistance to high temperatures and flame, low density and flexibility at both high and cryogenic temperatures. 4,4'-oxydiphthalic anhydride (ODPA) is reacted with an alcohol to produce a diester, which is then reacted with a suitable monomeric polyamine such as meta phenylene diamine to produce a precursor. This material is dried to a solid block or powder. Upon heating, foaming occurs, resulting in a fine celled white friable mass. The foam is cured by heating for a suitable period and is ready for use.

Abstract: Lubricating oil composition comprising a major proportion of a mineral lubricating oil and, as viscosity index improver, a hydrogenated block copolymer or olefin copolymer functionalized by the presence of carboxyl groups attached to the polymer chain by a sulphonamide linkage.

Abstract: Imidized acrylic polymers obtained by means of the reaction of an acrylic resin in the molten state, with at least one modifying agent having the general formula:R--X--NH--R' (I)wherein:R and R' are either equal to, or different from, each other and represent hydrogen or an alkyl, cycloalkyl; aryl or alkylaryl radical containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, andX is a bifunctional radical selected from the group consisting of: --CO--, --CONH--, --NHCO--, --OCO--, --SO.sub.2 --, --C.sub.6 H.sub.4 SO.sub.2 --.

Abstract: A composition that exhibits low tendency to foul mold cavities comprising a fluoroelastomer of vinylidene fluoride units and units of at least one other fluorine-containing monomer copolymerizable with vinylidene fluoride; a bisphenol or a polyhydroxy phenol crosslinking agent of the formula ##STR1## where R is H, alkyl or aryl and R' is alkyl or aryl; a divalent metal oxide or hydroxide; and 0.2-4 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight fluoroelastomer of a crosslinking accelerator which is a quaternary ammonium salt of the formula R".sub.4 N.sup.+ X.sup.- wherein each R" is independently an alkyl group of 2-10 carbon atoms or an aralkyl group of 7-10 carbon atoms and X.sup.- is selected from the group consisting of fluoride, dihydrogen phosphate, periodate, acetate, hydrogen sulfate, methane sulfonate, toluene sulfonate, or an anion of a bisphenol or a polyhydroxy phenol.

Abstract: Preparation of halothio-sulfonamide-modified terpolymers having a low degree of unsaturation is accomplished by preferably reacting N-chlorothio-sulfonamide with an ethylene-(alpha-olefin)-diene monomer terpolymer comprising, for example, 1,4- hexadiene and/or dicyclopentadiene, in the presence of a catalyst of the formula MAn, where A is an anion or mixture of anions of a weak acid, and M is a metal selected from copper, antimony, bismuth and tin and n is a number which corresponds to the oxidation state of M divided by the valence of said weak acid anion. The reaction is preferably carried out in a melt phase process. Additionally, metals such as zinc and iron can be used at low concentrations in a melt phase process or at short reaction times in a solution process. Mixtures of such modified terpolymers with highly unsaturated rubbery polymers and vulcanizates of such mixtures are particularly useful in pneumatic tire sidewalls.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of carboxylated propylene homo- and copolymers which comprises the reaction of a thermoplastic propylene homo- or copolymer with an azidosulfonyl-benzoic acid by mechanically mixing said polymer and said acid at a temperature of at least 180.degree. C. in the substantial absence of a free-radical initiator. The carboxylated polymers thus prepared display considerably improved viscosity characteristics and can advantageously be used in novel polymer blends with polyamide polymers as well for the preparation of novel ionomers by reaction with a metal compound of basic character based on a mono-, di- or trivalent metal.

Abstract: A material that includes an organic polymer capable of being rendered electrically conductive by electrochemical oxidation or reduction, and a redox compound ionically or covalently bonded to the polymer. The redox potential of the redox compound is more positive than the redox potential of the polymer when the polymer is electrically conductive in the oxidized state and more negative than the redox potential of the polymer when the polymer is electrically conductive in the reduced state.

Abstract: It has been found that the properties of polycyclic cycloolefins, in particular poly(dicyclopentadiene), can be substantially improved by halogenation of the surface. Both aqueous and gaseous treatments of the polymer have been found to significantly improve the resistance to various acids and solvents. Chlorine, fluorine and bromine, in particular, when incorporated into the surface of the polymer increase chemical resistance, improve retention of properties upon aging, reduce emission of residual monomer, and encourage better adhesion of paint.Among the substances found to provide the desired chemical resistance on the polymer surface were dry chlorine gas, aqueous chlorine, immersion in liquid bromine, aqueous bromine, and fluorine gas. Similar improvement in chemical resistance can be obtained through treatment with pseudohalogen compounds or interhalogen compounds.

Abstract: Chlorothio-sulfonamide modified rubbery terpolymers, such as chlorothio-sulfonamide modified EPDM rubbers, have utility in a variety of applications. For example, such modified rubbers can be utilized in the sidewalls of pneumatic tires. Such modified rubbers are prepared by reacting a terpolymer of ethylene, an .alpha.-olefin containing from 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and a non-conjugated diene containing from 6 to 12 carbon atoms with a N-chlorothio-sulfonamide. The present invention is based upon the unexpected finding that the rate of this reaction can be greatly accelerated by conducting it in the presence of a saturated aliphatic carboxylic acid containing from 6 to 30 carbon atoms, such as stearic acid. The present invention accordingly disclosed in a method of preparing a N-chlorothio-sulfonamide modified terpolymer by reacting a terpolymer of ethylene, an .alpha.

Abstract: Polymer bound stabilizer compounds are provided in which two or more different classes of stabilizers are chemically bound to anhydride containing polymers or copolymers. The polymeric stabilizers are prepared by the reaction of primary amino or hydrazido substituted stabilizers (i.e., antioxidants, light stabilizers, etc.) with some or all of the anhydride groups of the polymer or copolymer to form pendant stabilizer substituted imide or amic acid groups. The polymer bound stabilizers are not lost from the polymer system by volatilization, migration or extraction, even at high temperatures. The polymer bound stabilizer compounds may be used as concentrates to stabilize other polymer systems.

Abstract: Polymer bound antioxidants are provided in which the antioxidant stabilizer groups are chemically bound to polymers or copolymers by an acylaminoimide or diacylhydrazide function. The polymer bound antioxidants are prepared by reacting hydrazido substituted antioxidants with some or all of the anhydride groups of anhydride containing polymers or copolymers. The concentration of the stabilizers bound to the polymer may be readily varied depending upon the particular end-use of said polymer. Polymer with high concentrations of bound antioxidants can be used as masterbatches to stabilize other polymer systems.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of carboxylated propylene homo- and copolymers which comprises the reaction of a thermoplastic propylene homo- or copolymer with an azidosulfonyl- benzoic acid by mechanically mixing said polymer and said acid at a temperature of at least 180.degree. C. in the substantial absence of a free-radical initiator. The carboxylated polymers thus prepared display considerably improved viscosity characteristics and can advantageously be used in novel polymer blends with polyamide polymers as well for the preparation of novel ionomers by reaction with a metal compound of basic character based on a mono-, di- or trivalent metal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a rubber-like polybutadiene or a rubber-like butadiene-styrene copolymer suited for use in tire treads which are obtained by polymerization of the monomer(s) in the presence of an organolithium catalyst, followed by reacting a carbodiimide with the reactant product thereof so as to subject it to reaction at its living point, and if necessary, further reacting the product thus obtained with a trifunctional or higher-order coupling agent. The invention further relates to a process for the production thereof, and a rubber composition containing more than a definite amount of said polymer.

Abstract: Improved methods of sulfoethylation of high molecular weight polysoap acrylamide containing polymers to produce sulfoethylated acrylamide polymers in water-in-oil latex form having reduced specific viscosities (RSV's) above about 18.

Abstract: Chlorothio-sulfonamide modified rubbery terpolymers, such as chlorothio-sulfonamide modified EPDM rubbers, have utility in a variety of applications. For example, such modified rubbers can be utilized in the sidewalls of pneumatic tires. Such modified rubbers are prepared by reacting a terpolymer of ethylene, an .alpha.-olefin containing from 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and a non-conjugated diene containing from 6 to 12 carbon atoms with a N-chlorothio-sulfonamide. The present invention is based upon the unexpected finding that the rate of this reaction can be greatly accelerated by conducting it in the presence of a saturated aliphatic carboxylic acid containing from 6 to 30 carbon atoms, such as stearic acid. The present invention accordingly discloses in a method of preparing a N-chlorothio-sulfonamide modified terpolymer by reacting a terpolymer of ethylene, an .alpha.

Abstract: Acrylic AB block copolymers that are useful as pigment dispersants and which are resistant to yellowing and other color changes, characterized by aromatic substituents bonded to the A segment of the block copolymer.

Abstract: Novel cationic, water-soluble carboxylate polymers are provided, which have a high degree of esterification. A process for making the polymers is provided by which selected quaternary salts of epoxy alkyl amine compounds are used for high conversion to ester groups, which salts have a low degradation reactivity toward the epoxy group of the esterification compound. Such a quaternary salt is glycidyl trimethyl ammonium nitrate. Processes are provided for making such quaternary salts and for use of the novel polymers for separation of water from solids, such as water from sludges.

Abstract: An oil-soluble additive for lubricating oil applications is provided by the formation of an adduct of thiocyanogen halide and polyalkene, removal of the hydrogen halide from said adduct and thermal rearrangement of the product to provide a polyalkenyl isothiocyanate which can be subsequently derivitized to provide a thiocarbamyl moiety containing product having excellent sludge dispersement properties.

Abstract: A high temperature, pressurized process is described to synthesize substituted carboxylated modified acrylamide polymers represented by the structure: ##STR1## wherein X is from the group --SO.sub.3 M, --PO.sub.3 M.sub.2, --COOR, --OR, ##STR2## and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A curable composition comprising an elastomeric vinylidene fluoride copolymer, a polyhydroxy compound and a vulcanization accelerator, characterized in that said copolymer contains from 2 to 50 mol % of vinylidene fluoride units and unsaturated bonds introduced by reacting an untreated elastomeric vinylidene fluoride copolymer dispersed in an aqueous medium, with an aqueous alkaline solution containing an onium compound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of functional alpha-olefin homo- and copolymers by polymerization through a borane monomer intermediate.Borane monomers, derived from mono-hydroboration of appropriate dienes with dialkyl borane, have been found to be stable to Ziegler-Natta catalysts. In turn, the borane homo- and copolymers are easily converted to a variety of other functionalities; e.g., alcohols, aldehydes, amines, etc.

Abstract: There are provided polymers containing amido-thiolate groups. These are produced by a nuceophilic substitution of polymers containing chlorine, and the resulting polymers have a pronounced hydrophylic character. There is also provided a process for the production of these starting with polymers which contain chlorine in the polymeric backbone or in side chains.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of functional alpha-olefin homo- and copolymers by polymerization through a borane monomer intermediate.Borane monomers, derived from mono-hydroboration of appropriate dienes with dialkyl borane, have been found to be stable to Ziegler-Natta catalysts. In turn, the borane homo- and copolymers are easily converted to a variety of other functionalities; e.g., alcohols, aldehydes, amines, etc.

Abstract: Useful boosters in admixture with a peptiser for viscosity degradation of diene rubber or its mixtures are:(a) Iron(II)- and iron(III)-salts of inorganic acids;(b) Iron(II)- and iron(III)-salts of organic carboxylic acids;(c) Iron(II)- and iron(III)-salts of mercaptans;(d) Iron(II)- and iron(III)-complexes of ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid;(e) Iron(II)- and iron(III)-cyanide complexes;(f) Iron(II)- and iron(III)-complexes with dimethyl glyoxime;(g) Iron(II)- and iron(III)-salts of quinolin carboxylic acid or sulfosalicylic acid.

Abstract: An oil-soluble additive for lubricating oil applications is provided by the formation of an adduct of thiocyanogen halide and polyalkene, removal of the hydrogen halide from said adduct and thermal rearrangement of the product to provide a polyalkenyl isothiocyanate which can be subsequently derivitized to provide a thiocarbamyl moiety containing product having excellent sludge dispersement properties.

Abstract: A method for chlorinating the pendant methyl groups of poly(p-methylstyrene) with aqueous sodium hypochlorite (e.g., laundry or swimming pool bleach) and a phase transfer catalyst (e.g., benzyltriethylammonium chloride) to provide chloromethyl-substituted polystyrenes. Conversions of up to 20 percent of methyl to chloromethyl groups were achieved with no detectable formation of dichloromethyl groups. Conversions of up to 61 percent of methyl to chloromethyl groups occur with less than 4.4 percent concomitant formation of dichloromethyl groups. The method has been applied to soluble, 1 percent cross-linked, and macroporous 20 percent cross-linked polymers.

Abstract: A high temperature, pressurized process is described to synthesize sulfonated acrylamide polymers represented by the structure: ##STR1##

Abstract: Compounds of formula I or II ##STR1## in which n is 1 or 2, R.sup.1 is phenyl, substituted phenyl, alkyl, substituted alkyl, hydrogen, --OH or amino, R.sup.2 is hydrogen, R.sup.3 is hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, phenyl or substituted phenyl, R.sup.4 is alkyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl, alkylene or arylene, X is --O--, --S--, --CH.sub.2 -- and Y is a direct bond or --CH.sub.2 -- are latent hardening catalysts for acid curable resins. The catalysts are activated by heat and are used in heat-hardening high-solids industrial varnishes and for coil-coatings, can and wood varnishes.

Abstract: A high temperature, pressurized process is described to synthesize substituted carboxylated modified acrylamide polymers represented by the structure: ##STR1## wherein X is from the group --SO.sub.3 M, --PO.sub.3 M.sub.2, --COOR, --OR, ##STR2## and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Sulfur-modified polychloroprene in alkaline aqueous emulsion is prepared by incorporating one or more organic polysulfides which act as peptizing agents during the polymerization of the chloroprene. The sulfur-modified polychloroprenes obtained have stable viscosities.