Abstract: The present invention provides novel sulfonated ethylene/alpha olefin copolymer compositions obtained by sulfonating ethylene/alpha olefin copolymer having number average molecular weights in the range of about 800 to about 50,000, and which have a high degree of terminal unsaturation. Preferably, at least 30% of the terminal unsaturation is vinylidene terminal unsaturation. Also, the alpha olefin preferably has 3 to about 12 carbon atoms.

Abstract: An ethylene polymer which Is capable of being degraded by microorganisms is provided which comprises a recurring unit represented by the general formula ##STR1## in which R is a divalent hydrocarbon group containing 2 to 20 carbon atoms, R' is a divalent hydrocarbon group containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms and A is a polyethylene segment comprising a recurring unit represented by the formula --CH.sub.2.CH.sub.2 -- and having a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 300 to 300,000, and the ethylene polymer having a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 500 to 5,000,000.

Abstract: This invention relates to fluorohydrocarbon polymers which are modified by the incorporation of substitiuents bearing a functional group such as vinyl, allyl, acrylate, alkoxysilane, amido, sulfonic acid salt, pyridine, carboxylic ester, and carboxylic salt. The functional groups may be further reacted to obtain branching, grafting, or crosslinking of the polymers. Copolymers of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropene such as VITON A rubber and KYNAR FLEX 2801 plastomer, are typical of the class of fluorohydrocarbon polymers which are modified to obtain the new materials of this invention.

Abstract: There are disclosed novel, solid, elastomeric block copolymers with improved resistance to cold flow wherein either 1) the terminal blocks are each a polymer (I polymer) of at least one conjugated diene I, e.g., isoprene, which contains at least five carbon atoms with at least one of each pair of double-bonded carbon atoms in the polymerized diene I units being additionally single-bonded to two carbon atoms; at least one middle or interior block is a hydrogenated polybutadiene (B polymer); and at least one middle or interior block is an essentially straight chain polyethylene (E polymer) resulting from the hydrogenation of a polybutadiene composed of at least 80% of 1,4-units; or 2) the terminal blocks are random IB copolymers of at least one diene I as previously defined and hydrogenated butadiene, and at least one middle or interior block is a straight chain polyethylene (E polymer) as previously defined.

Abstract: Provided are biodegradable polymers each of which can be obtained by introducing pyridinium groups such as N-alkylpyridinium groups or N-arylpyridinium groups into a backbone of a synthetic polymer of a vinyl compound or olefin and then quaternizing the pyridinium groups with counter anions such as chlorine ions or bromine ions. The biodegradable polymers have high compatibility with microbial cells so that articles molded or otherwise formed from the biodegradable polymers can be easily decomposed by activated sludge or under conditions buried in the ground.

Abstract: A curable resin composition comprising (a) an acrylic polymer having a plurality of alicyclic epoxide functions, and (b) an amount effective to initiate the curing reaction of the acrylic polymer (a) upon heating of a heat-latent cation polymerization initiator. The composition finds its uses in coating compositions, sealants, potting and casting compositions.

Abstract: A process for halogenating star-branched butyl rubber is provided wherein water and a wetting agent or wetting agent precursor are added to a solution comprising the star-branched butyl rubber, solid particles of branching agent and an organic solvent prior to the neutralization step to increase the rate of neutralization of the hydrogen halide by-product of the halogenation reaction.

Abstract: A polymeric compound is derived from a polyhydric material and has pendant sulphonate groups of the general formula ##STR1## where X is an aliphatic, aromatic, carbocylic or heterocyclic group; Y is hydrogen, halogen or an alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, aryloxy or aralkyl group, CO.sub. --Z.sup.+, CO.sub.2 R or SO.sub.3 -Z.sup.+ ; Z.sup.+ is a cationic counter ion and R is hydrogen, alkyl, alkylene, aryl or aralkyl group.

Abstract: Anisotropically conductive solid polymeric complexes are provided of the formula: ##STR1## wherein P.sup.+ is a cationic polymer, such as a quaternary polyamine, and n and m are selected so that the complex is electrically neutral.

Abstract: A thermoplastic elastomeric block copolymer comprising olefin elastomeric mid block units and terminal polystyrene units having substitution in an amount sufficient to raise the glass transition temperature of the polymer. The substitution comprises cycloaliphatic or aromatic acylation and the acylation substitution is accomplished by reaction of an acylhalide with the copolymer in the presence of a catalytic amount of triflic acid.

Abstract: Polymer reagents containing reactive functional groups are crosslinked by reacting them with compounds (crosslinking agents) which contain complimentary functional groups and have large nonlinear polarizability. The resulting polymer reagents, after poling, are useful for nonlinear optic applications. Also disclosed are the mixture which react to form the crosslinked polymer and novel crosslinking agents.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition comprising(a) a major amount of a base oil having a lubricant viscosity, and(b) a minor amount of, as an antioxidant/dispersant antiwear VI improver additive, a lubricant additive.

Abstract: Graft copolymers and processes for the preparation thereof are provided. The copolymers comprise a base polymer having grafted thereto a monomeric 2-alkenyl azlactone. The surface properties of the graft copolymers can be modified by binding thereto nucleophilic reagents comprising further functional groups with desired properties. Further, the amount of azlactone available at the surface of a graft copolymer for binding to such nucleophilic reagents can be controlled by selecting a surface against which the graft copolymer is formed. The graft copolymers exhibit desirable thermoplastic, melt flow, and adhesion properties and are particularly useful for immobilizing proteins. Methods of immunoassay based on the immobilization of proteins are also disclosed. Another utility of the graft copolymers involves the compatibilizing of immiscible polymer blends.

Abstract: A polymer having pendant fluorescent groups is prepared by (trans)amidation of a preformed polymer by reaction with an amine-containing organic fluorescent composition of the Formula III ##STR1## wherein one of R.sub.5 and R.sup.6 may be hydrogen, and wherein within at least one of R.sub.5 and R.sub.6, or within R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 taken together, is an organic fluorescent group wherein the organic fluorescent group includes a polynuclear aromatic ring system. A degree of (trans)amidation derivatization of the polymer is accomplished by heating the admixture of polymer and fluorescent agent for a sufficient period of time.

Abstract: Silylketene acetals, including "living" GTP polymers, are acylated or sulfonylated in the presence of GTP-effective catalysts with acyl or sulfonyl compounds to produce .beta.-ketoesters or .beta.-sulfonylesters; polymeric products, including capped, coupled and chain-extended polymers and block copolymers can be prepared.

Abstract: Succinimides, succinic esters, and succinic ester-amides are formed by (A) reacting (i) at least one substantially aliphatic polymer of at least one lower olefin, and (ii) an acidic reactant or a mixture of two or more acidic reactants represented by the general formulaR--CO--CH.dbd.

Abstract: A thermoplastic polymer which possesses excellent mechanical properties at both room and elevated temperatures is obtained by reacting an acyl sulfate with a block copolymer composed of at least one conjugated diene block and one alkenyl arene block. The block copolymer is first selectively hydrogenated and thereafter modified by grafting sulfonic acid functional groups primarily in the alkenyl arene blocks. The mechanical properties may be varied and controlled by varying the degree of functionalization (amount of sulfonation), and the degree of neutralization of the sulfonic acid groups to metal sulfonate salts.

Abstract: A polyvinyl halide ionomer which contains in the polymer backbone at least one vinyl halide monomer in polymerized form or at least one vinyl halide monomer and at least one other monomer copolymerizable with vinyl chloride and less than 50% by weight of the ionomer a comonomer containing at least one ester group and at least one neutralized carboxyl group. The ionomer is prepared by neutralizing, preferably in a molten state, a functionalized vinyl halide copolymer containing pendant carboxyl groups. The ionomer has outstanding adhesion to metals and its glass transition temperature is higher than the carboxyl vinyl halide copolymer.

Abstract: A process for anionic polymerization of polymerizable monomers with an organo lithium initiator followed by polymerization termination characterized in that terminated reaction products are neutralized by contacting with sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or a mixture thereof.

Abstract: Novel sulfonated polyethyleneoxide-substituted polymers having improved blood compatibility are provided. The polymers are produced by substituting a polymeric substrate having active sites of amide or acid amide group, such as polyurethane, polyamide and polyacrylamide, with sulfonated polyethyleneoxide [PEO--(SO.sub.3 H).sub.n ].The polymers according to the present invention are valuable as construction materials of the artificial organs for the circulatory system in contact with blood, such as artificial hearts, artificial blood vessels, artificial kidneys, etc.

Abstract: Novel polyacrylic acid resins are prepared by polymerizing H.sub.2 C.dbd.CHCO.sub.2 H, H.sub.2 C.dbd.CRCO.sub.2 X, or HRC.dbd.CHCO.sub.2 X, wherein R is an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon, halogenated hydrocarbon, or sulfonated hydrocarbon of from C.sub.1 to C.sub.20, phenol, naphthol, sulfonated phenol, sulfonated naphthol, or a halogen, and X is hydrogen, alkyl, or a hydroxylated, ethoxylated, sulfonated, or halogenated aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon of from C.sub.1 to C.sub.20, sodium, potassium, ammonium, or quaternary amine, in the presence of aromatic sulfonic acid or its salt to form a polymer in which the sulfonated aromatic compound is covalently bound to the polymer. In an alternative embodiment, a textile processing or cleansing compound is included in the polymerization reaction along with the acrylic acid and aromatic sulfonic acid or its salt.

Abstract: In one embodiment this invention provides poly(maleic anhydride) side chain copolymers which exhibit nonlinear optical susceptibility and which can be formed into crack-free thin film waveguiding media. An invention copolymer is illustrated by the recurring structure: ##STR1## The side chain chromophores can be oriented by an external field to form a noncentrosymmetric thin film which exhibits second order nonlinear optical susceptibility.

Abstract: There is disclosed an organic nonlinear optical material which comprises a polymer having the following constitutional units, in amounts of 5 to 100 mole % of (I) and 0 to 95 mole % of (II), and a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the polymer being 10,000 to 2,000,000. ##STR1## wherein the symbols represent the same meanings as defined in the specification. ##STR2## A nonlinear optical element has large nonlinear optical effect and yet is excellent in molding processability so that it can be widely applied to the filed of optical processings.

Abstract: Crosslinked polymeric compositions capable of forming continuous matrices for liquid absorbent, semi-interpenetrating polymer networks. These networks are blends of polymers wherein at least one of the polymeric components is crosslinked after blending to form a continuous network throughout the bulk of the material, and through which the uncrosslinked polymeric components are intertwined in such a way as to form a macroscopically homogeneous composition. The compositions of this invention can be used to form durable, ink absorbent, transparent graphical materials.

Abstract: A process for anionic polymerization of polymerizable monomers with an organo lithium initiator followed by polymerization termination characterized in that terminated reaction products are neutralized by contacting with sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or a mixture thereof.

Abstract: A polymeric compound is derived from a polyhydric material and has pendant sulphonate groups of the general formula ##STR1## and pendant alkyl urethane groups of the formula ##STR2## where X is an aliphatic, aromatic, carboxylic or heterocyclic group; Y is hydrogen, halogen or an alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, aryloxy or aralkyl group, CO.sub.2.sup.- Z.sup.+, CO.sub.2 R or SO.sub.3.sup.- Z.sup.+ ; Z.sup.+ is a cationic counter ion and R is hydrogen alkyl, alkylene, aryl or aralkyl group.

Abstract: Compounds containing alpha-amidoacetyle linkages are described that are thermally labile and yield nucleophilic and azlactone products. Nucleophiles are useful as curing agents for epoxy resin sealants and adhesives and azlactones are useful in crosslinking systems for polymers.

Abstract: Crosslinked polymeric compositions capable of forming continuous matrices for liquid absorbent, semi-interpenetrating polymer networks. These networks are blends of polymers wherein at least one of the polymeric components is crosslinked after blending to form a continuous network throughout the bulk of the material, and through which the uncrosslinked polymeric components are intertwined in such a way as to form a macroscopically homogeneous composition. The compositions of this invention can be used to form durable, ink absorbent, transparent graphical materials.

Abstract: A polymeric compound is derived from a polyhydric material and has pendant sulphonate groups of the general formula ##STR1## where X is an aliphatic, aromatic, carbocylic or heterocyclic group; Y is hydrogen, halogen or an alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, aryloxy or aralkyl group, CO.sub.2 --Z.sup.+, CO.sub.2 R or SO.sub.3 --Z.sup.+ ; Z.sup.+ is a cationic counter ion and R is hydrogen, alkyl, alkylene, aryl or aralkyl group.Wherein the polymeric acompound is produced by reacting a polymer having a plurality of pendant hydroxyl groups with a sulphonato substituted acid or with an ester forming derivative.

Abstract: Silylketene acetals, including "living" GTP polymers, are acylated or sulfonylated in the presence of GTP-effective catalysts with acyl or sulfonyl compounds to produce .beta.-ketoesters or .beta.-sulfonylesters; polymeric products, including capped, coupled and chain-extended polymers and block copolymers can be prepared.

Abstract: A partially crosslinked, unsaturated elastomeric polymer of a C.sub.4 to C.sub.7 isomonoolefin and a C.sub.4 to C.sub.14 conjugated multiolefin is provided which has a low crosslink density. The partially crosslinked polymer is produced by curing an uncrosslinked unsaturated polymer having a low level of chemically bound halogen with a curing agent which reacts only with the halogen. Processes for preparing these partially crosslinked unsaturated polymers are also provided.

Abstract: A thermosetting powder composition is disclosed which comprises:a functional thermoplastic resin capable of reacting with a cyanate group and a molecular weight of at least 10,000;a polyfunctional cyanate compound; anda viscosity controlling agent which is a compound having at least one functional group capable of reacting with the functional thermoplastic resin and/or the polyfunctional cyanate compound and a molecular weight of less than 10,000. The composition is useful as a powder coating composition or a raw material for the formation of molded articles.

Abstract: New .alpha.-phenyl-glycidyl-ether polyolefin macromonomers and copolymer of these macromonomers and ring opening polymerizable monomers have been prepared. The new copolymers based on these macromonomers form a unique set of copolymers having graft type blocks of a hydrophobic polyolefin dangling from a back bone composed of a ring opening polymerizable monomer.

Abstract: A partially crosslinked, unsaturated elastomeric polymer of a C.sub.4 to C.sub.7 isomonoolefin and a C.sub.4 to C.sub.14 conjugated multiolefin is provided which has a low crosslink density. The partially crosslinked polymer is produced by curing an uncrosslinked unsaturated polymer having a low level of chemically bound halogen with a curing agent which reacts only with the halogen. Processes for preparing these partially crosslinked unsaturated polymers are also provided.

Abstract: A novel process is disclosed in which a membrane of a fluorinated resin containing a pendant precursor ion exchange group represented by the formula:--SO.sub.2 Xwherein X rerpesents a halogen atom, is contacted with a aqueous solution containing specific amounts of at least one alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxide and at least one specific water soluble organic compound to thereby hydrolyze the precursor group while causing a specific membrane volume increase. In the process of the present invention , since the ion exchange membrane is swelled, while being hydrolyzed, to a desired degree, the rate of hydrolysis of precursor ion exchange groups is high, so that a final ion exchange membrane is free of wrinkles formed during the hydrolysis step of a conventional process and during the electrolytic operation, thereby enabling the final membrane to ensure advantageously low cell voltage and stable, prolonged electrolytic operation.

Abstract: Polyacrylate esters with quaternary ammonium groups are disclosed. The esters are obtained by transesterifying alkyl polyacrylate esters with dialkylaminoalkanols, followed by quaternization.The polymers are free of physiologically questionable components and can therefore be used for the preparation of cosmetic products, preferably for hair cosmetics. The polymers furthermore are suitable for finishing fibers or of textile products.The invention is furthermore directed to polyacrylate esters with tertiary amino groups, which are formed as intermediates in the preparation of polyacrylate esters with quaternary ammonium groups.

Abstract: Polyacrylate esters with quaternary ammonium groups are disclosed. The esters are obtained by transesterifying alkyl polyacrylate esters with a mixture of dialkylaminoalkanols and saturated or unsaturated aliphatic alcohols with 8 to 22 carbon atoms, followed by quaternization.The polymers are free of physiologically questionable components and can therefore be used for the preparation of cosmetic products, preferably for hair cosmetics. The polymers furthermore are suitable for finishing fibers or of textile products.The invention is furthermore directed to polyacrylate esters with tertiary amino groups, which are formed as intermediates in the preparation of polyacrylate esters with quaternary ammonium groups.

Abstract: There is disclosed an optical material comprising a cyclization product of a conjugated diene polymer having a cyclization ratio of not less than 80% or a hydrogenated product thereof.

Abstract: Novel star-branched ionomers having at least three branches covalently bonded to a central linking moiety; each branch contains a long inner block comprising non-ionic mers and an outer block comprising at least two ionic mers. Elasticity is provided by the non-ionic blocks and the ionic outer blocks aggregate at room temperature but dissociate and higher temperature, giving the star-branched ionomers thermoplastic characteristics. Star-branched polymers may be provided by growing a first (outer) block as a linear polymer, growing a second (inner) block from the end of the living polymer, linking three or more such linear block polymers to a central linker compound and selectively ionizing the first blocks.

Abstract: Silylketene acetals, including "living" GTP polymers, are acylated or sulfonylated in the presence of GTP-effective catalysts with acyl or sulfonyl compounds to produce .beta.-ketoesters or .beta.-sulfonylesters; polymeric products, including capped, coupled and chain-extended polymers and block copolymers can be prepared.

Abstract: A method of making polyetherimide foam precursors and flexible polyetherimide foams having improved specific tensile strength, resistance to high temperatures and flame, low density and flexibility at both high and cryogenic temperatures. 4,4'-oxydiphthalic anhydride (ODPA) is reacted with an alcohol to produce a diester, which is then reacted with a suitable monomeric polyamine such as meta phenylene diamine to produce a precursor. This material is dried to a solid block or powder. Upon heating, foaming occurs, resulting in a fine celled white friable mass. The foam is cured by heating for a suitable period and is ready for use.

Abstract: A photosensitive and heat-sensitive polymer having conjugated polyenes and sulfonic acid groups and an absorbance ratio of a strong band in the region of 1200 cm.sup.-1 to 1300 cm.sup.-1 assignable to sulfonic acid groups adjacent to conjugated polyenes of at least 3 sequence lengths to a strong band near 1050 cm.sup.-1 assignable to sulfonic acid groups in the IR spectrum of at least 0.6. The photosensitive and heat-sensitive polymer is obtained by the sulfonation of a polymer of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer having a number average molecular weight of at least 10,000 or a polymer having conjugated polyenes and a number average molecular weight of at least 10,000 and selected from specified polymers and copolymers. The photosensitive and heat-sensitive polymer is useful for information recording materials capable of being recorded by a laser beam or a thermal head for preparing printing plates, especially offset printing plates.

Abstract: Dye-containing polymers wherein the dyes are organic in nature are incorporated into glasses produced by a sol-gel technique. The glasses may be inorganic or organic-modified metal oxide heteropolycondensates. The dye-containing polymers are covalently bonded to the glass through a linking group. The products of this invention can be used to make optically clear colored films which can be employed in the imaging, optical, solar heat energy and related arts.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for preparing polyacrylonitrile copolymers by Heterogeneous reaction of polyacrylonitrile aquagel. Generally, the method includes the steps of preparing a solution of polyacrylonitrile by dissolving the polyacrylonitrile in a water-miscible solvent which is capable of dissolving the polyacrylonitrile but incapable of hydrolyzing the nitrile groups of the polyacrylonitrile under the dissolution conditions. Coagulating the polyacrylonitrile solution by replacing the solvent with a coagulating fluid such as water or a water-miscible fluid incapable of dissolving polyacrylonitrile at temperatures below 80.degree. C. and incapable of reacting with the nitrile groups of the polyacrylonitrile, thus obtaining the polymer in the aquagel state. Replacing the coagulating fluid with a fluid reagent capable of reacting with the nitrile groups of the polyacrylonitrile aquagel but incapable of dissolving the polyacrylonitrile aquagel at the selected reaction temperature.

Abstract: A material that includes an organic polymer capable of being rendered electrically conductive by electrochemical oxidation or reduction, and a redox compound ionically or covalently bonded to the polymer. The redox potential of the redox compound is more positive than the redox potential of the polymer when the polymer is electrically conductive in the oxidized state and more negative than the redox potential of the polymer when the polymer is electrically conductive in the reduced state.

Abstract: This invention relates to a p-methyl styrene polymer represented by the following formula: ##STR1## Z denotes a group such as a functional group. Poly p-methylstyrene (PPMS) is lithiated by reaction with n-butyllithium. The lithiated PPMS is used to prepare polymers containing functional groups. As an example, a solution of PPMS (MW 260,000), 1.0 g in 20 ml of cyclohexane, was reacted with n-butyllithium, 8.5 mmol, and tetramethylethylenediamine, 8.7 mmol, for 20 hours to obtain a precipitate. The precipitate was dissolved in THF, and CO.sub.2 was blown into the solution. The solution was washed with an aqueous solution of HCl and dropped into methanol to obtain a solid polymer having carboxyl group functionality.

Abstract: An ink jet recording medium containing a poly(dialkanol allylamine) derivative or a poly(dialkanol modified alkylene glycol) derivative in a support or in an ink receiving layer formed on the substrate or coated on the ink receiving layer provides images or letters of high density and of superior water resistance and light resistance.

Abstract: Radiation sensitive material suitable for the production of radiation sensitive plates for lithographic printing plate manufacture is based on a polymer including a plurality of structural units represented by the formula: ##STR1## in which, R represents H or CH.sub.3 ; each R.sub.1, which may be the same or different represents H or alkyl; R.sub.2 represents a single bond or a substituted or unsubstituted divalent radical; Ar represents a substituted or unsubstituted divalent radical derived from an aromatic or heteroaromatic compound; X represents O, S or NH; A represents an anion; Y represents a carbonyl oxy or aromatic radical; and n is an integer equal to or greater than 1.

Abstract: A dispersing agent comprising as an essential component a salt of a sulfonation product of a polymer of an aliphatic diene or a copolymer of an aliphatic diene and an alkenyl monomer copolymerizable therewith. This dispersing agent can be effectively applied to an aqueous solid fuel slurry to obtain a solid fuel slurry composition having excellent stability when allowed to stand, excellent mechanical stability, excellent thermal stability and excellent small amount addition efficiency.

Abstract: A positive type photoresist material comprises a polymer having structural units each represented by the following formula (I) of; ##STR1## wherein each of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.6 represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon residue having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, each or R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group or a hydrocarbon residue having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and Z represents--CH.sub.2 --.sub.n which n indicates an integer of 0 to 4.