Abstract: Copolymers containing nitrile groups based on ethylenically unsaturated monomers are prepared by reacting the copolymers on which they are based with ammonia at temperatures of from 150.degree. to 270.degree. C. and pressures from 30 to 350 bar in the presence of an aliphatic nitrile and/or dinitrile.

Abstract: The present invention relates to nonlinear optical material comprising nonlinear optical dihydroxy arylhydrazones and to nonlinear optical materials comprising compositions containing at least one divalent moiety of nonlinear optical arylhydrazones. The present invention also relates to polyesters, polyestercarbonates, polycarbonates, polyethers, and poly(hydroxy ether) polymers, incorporating the dihydroxy arylhydrazone as recurring divalent moieties in the backbone of the polymer. The polymeric compositions of the present invention have high glass transition temperatures and exhibit stable nonlinear optical activity at high temperatures over a period of time.

Abstract: There is disclosed an organic nonlinear optical material which comprises a polymer having the following constitutional units, in amounts of 5 to 100 mole % of (I) and 0 to 95 mole % of (II), and a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the polymer being 10,000 to 2,000,000. ##STR1## wherein the symbols represent the same meanings as defined in the specification. ##STR2## A nonlinear optical element has large nonlinear optical effect and yet is excellent in molding processability so that it can be widely applied to the filed of optical processings.

Abstract: An additive reaction product prepared by the steps comprising reacting a copolymer selected from the group consisting of ethylene copolymers prepared from ethylene and at least one C.sub.3 -C.sub.10 alpha-monoolefin and, optionally, a polyene selected fron non-conjugated dienes and trienes comprising from about 15 to 80 mole percent of ethylene, from about 20 to 85 mole percent of said C.sub.3 -C.sub.

Abstract: A terminally functionalized polymer is prepared by reacting a living polymer obtained by anionic polymerization of a diene monomer or mixture of a diene monomer and a vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon monomer with an aromatic nitrile compound. Especially useful aromatic nitriles are the unsubstituted and substituted benzonitriles. The resultant terminally functionalized polymers have reduced hysteresis in the carbon black reinforced and cured state and can be utilized to form elastomer compositions for tire treads having reduced rolling resistance.

Abstract: There is disclosed an organic nonlinear optical material which comprises a polymer having the following constitutional units, in amounts of 5 to 100 mole % of (I), 0 to 50 mole % of (II) and 0 to 50 mole % of (III), and a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the polymer being 10,000 to 2,000,000: ##STR1## wherein m, n, X, Y and A have the meanings as defined in the specification, ##STR2## wherein R.sup.2 represents an alkyl group, and ##STR3## A nonlinear optical element which is tough with wide surface as well as having large nonlinear optical effect can be obtained.

Abstract: An efficient method for preparing an oximosilane-functional vinylic copolymer is disclosed wherein the corresponding alkoxysilane-functional vinylic copolymer is reacted with an organoketoxime in a dry environment. The oximosilane-functional vinylic copolymers produced by the method of the present invention find utility in moisture-curable coating systems.

Abstract: A method for preparing hydroxamic acid polymers from primary amide polymers wherein polyvinyl monomers such as polyacrylamide are reacted with hydroxyl amine in aqueous solution at room temperature. The low reaction temperature is crucial to producing a high yield (70%) of polymer with hydroxamic acid groups and having a low carboxylic acid content (less than 15%, preferably less than 3%). The polymers display high metal affinity over a broad pH range.The polymers are particularly useful for biomedical applications due to the low carboxylic acid content and for the removal and purification of metals due to the high binding constants and rapid reaction rates.

Abstract: Polyolefins are stabilized against UV-deterioration by mixing therewith a hindered C-nitro compound having a molecular weight above 500. In a preferred embodiment the hindered C-nitro compound is a nitrated polyolefin. A conventional UV-stabilizer, such as a substituted benzophenone or a hindered piperidine, may be used in combination with the hindered C-nitro compound.

Abstract: Thermosetting polymers predominantly of a polybutadiene as a base polymer is disclosed, which polybutadiene is so configured as to have a vinyl content of not less than 40% by mol of the total monomer mol and a crosslink reactivity of at least 70% of the vinyl content. The cured polymer is ultrahighly resistant to heat and particularly applicable as an engineering plastics. Also disclosed is a process for producing the thermosetting polymer with the use of a specific initiator.

Abstract: Deacylating agent represented by the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R represents an insoluble polymer substituent, and R' and R" each represents an alkyl group, and a deacylation method using the above deacylating agent.

Abstract: Silylketene acetals, including "living" GTP polymers, are acylated or sulfonylated in the presence of GTP-effective catalysts with acyl or sulfonyl compounds to produce .beta.-ketoesters or .beta.-sulfonylesters; polymeric products, including capped, coupled and chain-extended polymers and block copolymers can be prepared.

Abstract: Dynamic properties of vulcanized rubber are improved, without accelerating scorching property remarkably nor deteriorating flex-cracking resistance, by incorporating in a filler-containing natural or synthetic rubber composition, a dinitrodiamine derivative represented by the general formula ##STR1## wherein A represents a divalent aliphatic group, a divalent cycloaliphatic group, a divalent aromatic group or a group represented by the formula --CH.sub.2 --X--CH.sub.2 --, wherein X represents a cycloalkylene group or a phenylene group, provided that if A represents a cycloaliphatic group or an aromatic group, the two carbon atoms in A which are bonding to the nitrogen atom are not vicinal to each other; R and R' independently represent hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1-12 carbon atoms and may conjointly form a ring; and R" represents hydrogen atom, an aliphatic group, a cycloaliphatic group or an aromatic group. A process for producing the dinitrodiamine derivatives is also disclosed.

Abstract: A roofing adhesive particularly suited for use in connection with membrane roofing materials such as EPDM or neoprene is preferably compounded from butyl rubber, a cross-linking system for the butyl rubber and a tackifier. The tensile strength, elongation, modulus at 300% elongation and modulus at failure of the composition are adjusted within range by choice of components and concentration. The adhesive composition may preferably be formed into a tape for joining sheets of the membrane roofing material.

Abstract: A process for preparing a functionalized petroleum resin which comprises the steps of: dissolving a petroleum resin having a norbornene moiety with a double bond in a solvent to form a solution; adding to the solution a borane compound having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are alkyl or cycloalkyl groups having about 1 to about 10 carbonations; reacting said petroleum resin with said borane compound at about room temperature for a sufficient period of time to form a borane intermediate; and reacting said borane intermediate with a chemical agent to convert said borane intermediate into said functionalized petroleum resin.

Abstract: A thermosetting powder composition is disclosed which comprises:a functional thermoplastic resin capable of reacting with a cyanate group and a molecular weight of at least 10,000;a polyfunctional cyanate compound; anda viscosity controlling agent which is a compound having at least one functional group capable of reacting with the functional thermoplastic resin and/or the polyfunctional cyanate compound and a molecular weight of less than 10,000. The composition is useful as a powder coating composition or a raw material for the formation of molded articles.

Abstract: A process is provided for preparing a terminally functionalized polymer from a living polymer obtained by anionic polymerization of a diene monomer or mixture of a diene monomer and a vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon monomer which comprises reacting the living polymer with a compound having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, dialkylaminoaryl, aralkyl, and aprotic O, N and S- containing alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl and aralkyl groups; wherein R.sub.3 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, dialkylaminoaryl, aralkyl, and aprotic O, N and S- containing alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl and aralkyl groups; with the proviso that at least one of the R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 groups must be a dialkylaminoaryl group and that not all of the R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 groups can be aryl groups.

Abstract: In one embodiment this invention provides vinylidene cyanide copolymers with alternating monomeric units as illustrated by the following structure: ##STR1## An invention vinylidene cyanide copolymer in the form of an electret film exhibits a high level of longitudinal piezoelectric effect, and has excellent processability properties. An electret film which has an external electric field-induced noncentrosymmetric dipolar molecular orientation exhibits second order nonlinear optical susceptibility under light propagation conditions.

Abstract: A crosslinked polymer having shape memorizing property, said crosslinked polymer being obtained by thermally reversibly crosslinking a base polymer composed of a blocked copolymer of an aromatic vinyl monomer and a conjugated diene monomer, the base polymer having a glass transition temperature of 70.degree. to 140.degree. C., and the glass transition temperature being higher than the dissociation temperature of the thermally reversible crosslinkage contained in the crosslinkage polymer.

Abstract: This invention pertains to optical and electrical switching devices and to novel polymers containing pendant organic charge transfer moieties and useful in the fabrication of the switching devices.

Abstract: Avidin and streptavidin modified water-soluble polymers are provided, such modified polymers being exemplified by, but not limited to, water-soluble polyacrylamides being substituted by multiple substituents of avidin or streptavidin. The avidin and streptavidin modified polymers provided, may be stored, and later used to bind biotinylated antibiodies, biotinylated toxins, or biotinylated isotope-labelled proteins, thus producing homo- or heteroconjugates of known composition. A process for the preparation of certain of the avidin or streptavidin modified polymers and conjugates thereof is also provided.

Abstract: A rubber composition containing (a) a rubber material, (b) carbon black, (c) a vulcanizing agent, and (d) an amine compound represented by the following structural formula: ##STR1## the rubber composition containing 0.5 to 4 parts by weight of the amine compound per 100 parts by weight of the rubber material. The rubber composition is vulcanized to produce a rubber formed article such as a rubber vibration isolator.

Abstract: Cyano-containing polymers can be prepared from polymers having isolated, non-activated double bonds and hydrogen cyanide in the presence of catalysts of the formulaNi[P(OR.sup.1).sub.3 ].sub.n (I)in whichR.sup.1 stands for alkyl or aryl andn denotes the number 3 or 4,and also in the presence of cocatalysts of the formulaAlR.sup.2.sub.3-m Hal.sub.m (II)in whichR.sup.2 stands for hydrogen, alkyl or cyano,Hal stands for chlorine, bromine or cyano andm denotes the number 0, 1, 2 or 3,and also, if appropriate, in the presence of a phosphite of the formulaP(OR.sup.1).sub.3 (III)in which R.sup.1 has the given meaning, in inert organic solvents at 40.degree. to 100.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for the production of a high energy nitrate ester involves reacting, in an inert organic solvent, a heterocyclic compound, selected from oxiranes, oxetanes, N-substituted aziridines and N-substituted azetidines, with either N.sub.2 O.sub.4 or N.sub.2 O.sub.5, and when the compound is reacted with N.sub.2 O.sub.4, oxidizing the O- or N-nitrate substituents or substituent in the product to O- or N-nitrate substituent or substituents. The remaining ring carbon atoms on the heterocyclic compound may be substituted or unsubstituted. Preferred substituent groups for the C and/or N ring atoms on the compound include alkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkyl, nitroalkyl, and substituted aryl.Several novel nitrate ester are also provided, including nitrated derivatives of polybutadiene, in which between 1% and 25% of the carbon atoms in the polymer are substituted by vicinal nitrate ester (--ONO.sub.2) groups.

Abstract: Silylketene acetals, including "living" GTP polymers, are acylated or sulfonylated in the presence of GTP-effective catalysts with acyl or sulfonyl compounds to produce .beta.-ketoesters or .beta.-sulfonylesters; polymeric products, including capped, coupled and chain-extended polymers and block copolymers can be prepared.

Abstract: It is sometimes desirable to cure rubber compositions utilizing non-sulfur curing agents. The subject invention reveals rubber compositions which can be cured without utilizing sulfur or sulfur containing compounds. The subject invention more specifically disclosed a rubber composition which can be crosslinked by heating which is comprised of (1) at least one rubber having pendant blocked isocyanate groups bound thereto; and (2) at least one compound which contains at least 2 Zerewitinoff active hydrogens.This invention also discloses crosslinking of elastomer compounds containing (1) at least one rubber having functionalized groups containing at least one Zerewitinoff active hydrogen and (2) at least one compound which contains at least two blocked isocyanate groups. This invention also discloses self-curing elastomers containing both blocked isocyanate groups and groups containing at least one active Zerewitinoff hydrogen.

Abstract: A shaped article of a crosslinked elastomer, having a crosslink density continuously decreased from the surface toward the interior at a specific gradient, and being characterized with excellent surface non-stickiness and low friction properties, while maintaining tensile strength, elongation and compression set resistant properties as well as elastomeric properties.

Abstract: Modified rubber compositions are described which comprise at least one polymer rubber containing carbon-carbon unsaturation, at least one aromatic furazan oxide, and at least one hydrocarbon-soluble transition metal salt. When a transition metal salt is included in such polymer rubber formulations containing aromatic furazan oxides, the undesirable odors which normally characteristic of such rubber formulations is diminished or eliminated without significantly reducing the other desirable characteristics of the vulcanized rubbers. For example, filled vulcanizates made by vulcanizing mixtures in accordance with the invention exhibit high rebound, and tires which are formulated to include at least a portion of the cured vulcanizates in the tread exhibit reduced rolling resistance. Preferably, the hydrocarbon-soluble transition metal salts are the aliphatic or alicyclic monocarboxylic acid salts or cobalt, iron, nickel or manganese.

Abstract: An additive composition prepared by reacting a polymer prepared from ethylene and at least one C.sub.3 -C.sub.10 alpha-monoolefin and optionally a polyene selected from non-conjugated dienes and trienes comprising from about 15 to 80 mole percent of ethylene from about 20 to 85 mole percent of said C.sub.3 -C.sub.10 alpha-monoolefin and from about 0 to 15 mole percent of said polyene and having an average molecular weight ranging from about 5,000 to 500,000 with a nitrosodiphenylamine compound represented by the formula: ##STR1## in which R and R.sup.1 represent hydrogen or an alkyl, alkenyl, or alkoxyl radical having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and a lubricating oil composition containing same is provided.

Abstract: Dye-containing polymers wherein the dyes are organic in nature are incorporated into glasses produced by a sol-gel technique. The glasses may be inorganic or organic-modified metal oxide heteropolycondensates. The dye-containing polymers are covalently bonded to the glass through a linking group. The products of this invention can be used to make optically clear colored films which can be employed in the imaging, optical, solar heat energy and related arts.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for preparing polyacrylonitrile copolymers by Heterogeneous reaction of polyacrylonitrile aquagel. Generally, the method includes the steps of preparing a solution of polyacrylonitrile by dissolving the polyacrylonitrile in a water-miscible solvent which is capable of dissolving the polyacrylonitrile but incapable of hydrolyzing the nitrile groups of the polyacrylonitrile under the dissolution conditions. Coagulating the polyacrylonitrile solution by replacing the solvent with a coagulating fluid such as water or a water-miscible fluid incapable of dissolving polyacrylonitrile at temperatures below 80.degree. C. and incapable of reacting with the nitrile groups of the polyacrylonitrile, thus obtaining the polymer in the aquagel state. Replacing the coagulating fluid with a fluid reagent capable of reacting with the nitrile groups of the polyacrylonitrile aquagel but incapable of dissolving the polyacrylonitrile aquagel at the selected reaction temperature.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method of preparing homopolymers or copolymers that are water-soluble or swell up in water and have a low residual monomer content by treating them with at least one compound that can react with the monomer's double bond.

Abstract: Non-autocross-linking binder compositions for water dilutable lacquers are described which comprise components (A), 94 to 40% by weight of a water-dilutable ionic poly(meth)acrylate resin containing hydroxyl groups, (B), 1 to 10% by weight of a special copolymer to facilitate grinding, and (C), 5 to 50% by weight of a cross-linking agent. Aqeuous coating compositions containing the non-autocross-linking binder compositions and methods for using the water dilutable lacquers containing this binder compositions for cathodically or anodically coating electrically conductive objects are also described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition comprising crosslinkable polyethylene homopolymer, copolymer or mixture thereof. The composition includes a peroxide crosslinking agent, a crosslinking co-agent, and a metal compound having a cation selected from Group IIA and IIB of the Periodic Table of Elements. The composition is particularly useful for polymers which are formed using Ziegler-type catalysts and have complete terminal saturation. The present invention also includes a composition which has been found particularly suitable for use in critical molding processes such as rotational molding. This composition comprises a polyethylene homopolymer, copolymer, or mixture thereof. The present invention includes a method of rotational molding.

Abstract: A water soluble thermosetting resin useful as a promoter for paper sizing is described. Polyallylamine or a modified polyallyamine is reacted with epichlorohydrin and/or formaldehyde. The formaldehyde may be reacted with the polyallylamine in the presence of dicyandiamide, urea or an ammonium salt or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A process for preparing modified diene polymer rubbers having an increased impact resilience and a reduced hardness at low temperatures and useful as rubber materials for automobile tires and other industries which comprises producing an alkali metal-containing conjugated diene polymer, and reacting the alkali metal-containing polymer with a modifier selected from the group consisting of a nitroalkyl acrylate of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently an alkyl group and n is an integer, and a nitroamino compound of the formula: ##STR2## wherein R.sup.3 to R.sup.6 are independently an alkyl group, and m is an integer, said alkali metal-containing diene polymer being prepared by a living anionic polymerization using an alkali metal-based catalyst or by an addition reaction of a diene polymer having conjugated diene units and an alkali metal-based catalyst in a hydrocarbon solvent.

Abstract: An ammonium slat represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein X represents aliphatic group or alicyclic group, each of which may contain halogen, oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur in the group;n is an integer of 1 or more; and R and R' each independently represent hydrogen or an alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and may conjointly form a ring;is useful as a modifier for rubber, particularly to improve dynamic properties of rubber. The process for producing the ammonium salt is also disclosed.

Abstract: A non-autocrosslinking binder composition for water dilutable lacquers is described, containing from 95 to 50 parts by weight of a water dilutable poly(meth)acrylate resin containing amino and hydroxyl groups and from 5 to 50% by weight of crosslinking agents is described. An aqueous electrodip lacquer coating composition capable of being deposited at the cathode and its use for coating articles having an electrically conductive surface at the cathode are also described.

Abstract: Polymers of the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxyl and alkoxy and n is an integer such that the polymer has a weight average molecular weight within the range of from 5,000 to 30,000 are useful to prepare a wide variety of block copolymer resins such as polycarbonate-polyisobutylene block copolymer.

Abstract: A pigment dispersion and its use for the preparation of coating compounds are described. The dispersion contains a pigment, solvent and pigment dispersing agent. The pigment dispersing agent is a copolymer containing OH groups, obtainable by the reaction of:(A) 80 to 95% by weight of a copolymer of:(a) 0.5 to 40% by weight of N,N-di-Cl to 4-alkylamino-C.sub.1 to .sub.8 -alkyl(meth)acrylamides and/or a mixture of N,N-di-C to 4-alkylamino-C.sub.1 to 8 -alkyl(meth)acrylates and N-substituted (meth)acrylamides and/or (meth)acrylamide in which the ratio of amino(meth)acrylates to amido(meth)acrylates should be in the range of from 1:2 to 2:1,(b) 10 to 40% by weight of hydroxy-C.sub.2-8 -alkyl (meth)acrylates and(c) 20 to 89.5% by weight of copolymerizable, .alpha., .beta.-olefinically unsaturated compounds with(B) 5 to 20% by weight of a polyisocyanate containing unmasked and optionally also masked isocyanate groups as well as biuret, urethane or isocyanurate groups.

Abstract: A process for the production of a high energy material involves reacting, in an inert organic solvent, a heterocyclic compound selected from oxirane, aziridine, oxetane or azetidine with a nitrogen oxide selected from dinitrogen tetroxide (N.sub.2 O.sub.4) and dinitrogen pentoxide (N.sub.2 O.sub.5) and, when the nitrogen oxide is N.sub.2 O.sub.4, oxidizing the O- or N- nitroso substituent or substituents in the product obtained to O- or N- nitro substituent or substituents. The heterocyclic compounds may be substituents or unsubstituted. In the former case the preferred substituents groups are halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, nitro and epoxy (as in epoxidized polybutadiene). The solvent is preferably a chlorinated alkane.Novel nitrated derivatives of polybutadiene, in which between 1% and 25% of the carbon atoms in the polymer are substituted by nitrate (ONO.sub.2), are also provided. These novel materials are liquid rubbers when the polybutadiene starting material has a molecular weight between 2000 and 10000.

Abstract: Polymeric articles made of, for example, polyethylene and copolymers of ethylene, are made more adherent to paint or dyes by first nitrating the polymer, then shaping or forming it in a mould having a polar surface and finally, cooling it in contact with that surface, or extruding a nitrated polymer onto a polar surface and allowing to cool in contact with that surface.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for the racemization of amino acids and derivatives thereof. The racemization process of the present invention uses an aromatic aldehyde-containing polymer made from the reaction of a hydroxy-aromatic aldehyde with a chloromethylated vinylbenzene polymer under reaction conditions to form an aromatic aldehyde-containing polymer wherein the aldehydic moiety is linked to the polymer through an ether linkage. There is also disclosed a process for the production of the racemization catalyst. Another embodiment of the invention comprises a process for the promotion of the racemization reaction wherein a tertiary amine-containing resin is used as a promoting agent.

Abstract: Poly(alloocimene) is functionalized by reaction with an electrophile to obtain polymers useful as a film-former in a coating composition.

Abstract: Poly(allylamine salts) of high polymerization degree is obtained in high yield by the polymerization of monoallylamine salt with a specified radical-polymerization initiator having in the molecule an azo group. Various poly(allylamine) derivatives are obtained by reacting said poly(allylamine salt) with acrylic compounds, or formic acid and formaldehyde.

Abstract: A thermoplastic molding composition which comprises a blend of:(A) a copolymer having recurring units of a monoalkenyl aromatic monomer and recurring units of an .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic anhydride N-substituted imide, and(B) a hydrogenated elastomeric block copolymer having at least one substantially completely hydrogenated diene polymer mid block and at least two monoalkenyl arene polymer end blocks in which at least a portion of the arene groups contained in the end blocks are substituted with at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of nitro, cyano and trifluoromethanesulfonyl.

Abstract: A uranium adsorbing material made of a graft polymer with a graft ratio of 20 to 100% which contains amidoxime groups and cation exchange groups in a molar ratio of 1:1 to 20:1 and a process for preparing said material are herein disclosed.

Abstract: Process for the production of doped polymers containing heteroaromatic 5-membered rings in which polymers of aromatic 5-ring membered heterocyclic compounds or low molecular weight compounds containing heterocyclic 5-membered rings are reacted with nitronium or nitrosonium salts, optionally in inert organic solvents, at temperatures of from -20.degree. C. to +80.degree. C. or up to the boiling point of the solvents, and the doped polymers containing heteroaromatic 5-membered rings obtained by this process.

Abstract: A chelate resin having a functional group of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, aminoalkyl, phenyl or a substituted group thereof and another functional group of the formula: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.3 is amino, alkylamino, polyethylenepolyamino, hydrazo, hydrazino, hydrazono, amidino, guanidino, semicarbazide or a substituted group thereof, has an excellent adsorption capacity for metal ions.

Abstract: Ethylidene bisformamide is prepared by reacting, at elevated temperatures, dry acetaldehyde and formamide in the presence of an acidic catalyst and an ammonia scavenger such as acetic anhydride. The bisformamide is recovered as a bottoms product of high speed low residence time distillation techniques, e.g., wiped film evaporation. The resulting ethylidene bisformamide may be cracked to N-vinylformamide, which monomer is useful in the preparation of active polymers and copolymers, including poly(vinylformamide) which can be hydrolyzed to poly(vinylamine) salts by contact with acid. These amine salts can then be converted to the free amines, which are precursors of polymeric dyes and pharmaceuticals.