Abstract: A novel polyanhydride having at least two cyclic carboxylic acid anhydride groups per molecule also contains pendent amine groups, the proportion of amine groups to cyclic carboxylic acid anhydride groups being no more than 4:1 and the content of free carboxylic acid groups, if any are present, being less than 200 mole percent based on the amine groups, A coating composition comprises (A) a hydroxy component having at least two free hydroxy groups per molecule and (B) an anhydride component having at least two cyclic carboxylic acid anhydride groups per molecule, at least one of (A) and (B) being a film-forming polymer. The anhydride component (B) contains a catalytically effective amount of pendent amine groups for accelerating the curing reaction between the hydroxy groups of (A) and the anhydride groups of (B) and is preferably one of the novel polyanhydrides.

Abstract: Coating compositions comprising liquid crystalline binders are provided by a combination of mesogenic groups and amorphous resins. The mesogenic groups are either covalently bonded or cross-linked to the amorphous resins to provide coatings of exceptional hardness and toughness. Also provided is an economical process suitable for commercial manufacture of mesogenic compounds and more particularly for the production of liquid-crystalline oligoester polyols.

Abstract: Described are novel acrylic monomers, homopolymers and copolymers prepared therefrom, and electrophoresis gel media prepared by crosslinking certain copolymers of the invention by a crosslinking reaction that does not involve a free-radical vinyl addition mechanism.

Abstract: A polymeric resin for the preparation of peptides utilizing a polymeric matrix such as polystyrene-divinylbenzene copolymer. A vanillyl alcohol (HMBA), Trityl alcohol, or Trityl Amine group is attached to the polymeric carrier for use in the building polypeptides by solid phase peptide synthesis employing the Fmoc protecting strategy.

Abstract: Novel stabilized compositions comprise organic material normally subject to oxidative degradation stabilized by the presence therein of a stabilizing quantity of a novel, at least partial ester of poly(vinylphenol) and a 3,5-dialkyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid wherein at least one of the alkyl groups is a bulky alkyl.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a composition comprising the reaction product of particular (1).alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated dicarboxylic acid esters and (2) olefinically unsaturated compounds, wherein the resulting composition comprises a substantial amount of an intermediate molecular weight reaction product which is neither the well-known lower molecular weight alkenyl or alkyl succinic reaction product, nor the well-known polymerization reaction product, of (1) and (2). The compositions of the present invention are particularly suitable for use as lubricants and lubricant additives. In accordance with the present invention, there is also provided a process for the preparation of such compositions suitable for use as a lubricant or lubricant additive wherein components (1) and (2) are reacted in the presence of an effective amount of a polymerization inhibitor and/or in the absence of oxygen.

Abstract: A method for treating the surface of an absorbent resin which comprises mixing (I) 100 parts by weight of an absorbent resin powder having a carboxyl group, (II) 0.01 to 30 parts by weight of a polyhydric alcohol, (III) 0 to 50 parts by weight of water and (IV) 0 to 60 parts by weight of a hydrophilic organic solvent, and heat-treating at a temperature in the range of 90.degree. to 250.degree. C. to treat the surface of said absorbent resin powder (I) until the reaction of said absorbent resin powder (I) with said polyhydric alcohol (II) is completed, wherein the time for completion of the reaction is the time that satisfies the following equation (a-1):30.ltoreq.(100+C)B/A.ltoreq.

Abstract: The invention relates to organic copolymers in free acid or salt form with recurring units of formula I ##STR1## in which R is an alkylene radical with 2 to 6 carbon atoms,R.sub.1 is a C.sub.1-20 alkyl-, cycloalkyl- or phenyl group,x, y and z are numbers from 0.01 to 100,m is a number from 1 to 100 andn is a number from 10 to 100,with the provisos, thati) the ratio of x to (y+z) is from 1:10 to 10:1 inclusive,ii) the ratio of z to y is from 3:1 to 100:1, andiii) m+n=15-100.The products of the invention are excellent superplasticizers and can be used as additives to cementitious mixes.

Abstract: Polyglutarimides exhibit improved optical properties, as well as lowered content of non-aqueous volatiles, when the molten polyglutarimide is mixed with water, methanol, ethanol, or mixtures thereof, and the water, methanol, ethanol, or mixtures thereof is removed prior to isolation and processing of the polyglutarimide.

Abstract: A rubber composition comprising a polymer obtained by adding maleic anhydride or a derivative thereof to a nitrile-group-containing highly saturated polymer rubber having an iodine value of 80 or less, which can be widely utilized in belts, hoses such as for hydraulic ones.

Abstract: Nitrogen-containing esters of a carboxy-containing interpolymer, wherein the interpolymer has an inherent viscosity ranging from about 0.05 to 0.30 are disclosed. The esters are useful as additives in functional fluids including transmission fluids (both automatic and manual), hydraulic fluids and gear fluids. The transmission, hydraulic and gear fluids containing the esters exhibit improved shear stability while maintaining desired high and low temperature viscosity characteristics.

Abstract: Trialkylsilyloxy-1,1-diphenyl ethylenes corresponding to general formula I, new polymers produced therewith terminated by aryl trialkylsilyl ether groups or by phenolic hydroxyl groups and a process for the production of these polymers by anionic polymerization ##STR1## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2 .dbd.H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, OCH.sub.3,R.sup.3 .dbd.H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, O--C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl,R.sup.4 .dbd.H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl,R.sup.5 .dbd.C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl,R.sup.6 .dbd.H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl.

Abstract: Dispersant/VI improver lubricating oil additives are produced by reacting a star polymer with an alpha, beta unsaturated carboxylic acid or derivative to form an activated star polymer, which is then reacted with (a) at least one compound of general formulaRO(AO).sub.n Hwherein R is a C.sub.4-20 alkyl group, A is an independent moiety of either ethylene or propylene, an n is an integer from 0 to 10, optionally followed by reacting with (b) an alkyl carboxylic acid and/or (c) an alkylamine or alkane polyol, or with the preformed product of reactions (b) and (c), optionally followed by esterifying any residual acid groups with a C.sub.1-6 alkanol.

Abstract: A modified propylene polymer having superior coloring-prevention properties is provided by a process which comprises blending a propylene polymer with (A) a polyol or a fatty acid partial ester of the polyol (B) a phenolic antioxidant and (C) a radical generating agent with a propylene polymer containing 5 ppm or more of titanium or 0.5 ppm or more of vanadium as a catalyst residue and subjecting the resultant blend to a melting and kneading treatment at a temperature of 150.degree. C.-300.degree. C.

Abstract: Succinimides, succinic esters, and succinic ester-amides are formed by(A) reacting (i) at least one substantially aliphatic polymer of at least one lower olefin, and (ii) an acidic reactant or a mixture of two or more acidic reactants represented by the general formulaR--CO--CH.dbd.

Abstract: Binders for moisture-hardening coating or sealing compositions contain modified copolymers having a weight average molecular weight of from 1,500 to 75,000 determined by gel permeation chromatography of olefinically unsaturated compounds containing chemically incorporated moieties which are addition-reactive to amino wherein the modified copolymers contain both(i) intramolecular carboxylic anhydride moieties and(ii) olefinically unsaturated (meth)acrylate moieties in chemically bound form as the moieties which are addition-reactive to amino, with the anhydride equivalent weight being in the range from 392 to 9,800 and the (meth)acrylate equivalent weight in the range from 284 to 7,100.

Abstract: Polyglutarimides exhibit improved optical properties, as well as lowered content of non-aqueous volatiles, when the molten polyglutarimide is mixed with water, methanol, ethanol, or mixtures thereof, and the water, methanol, ethanol, or mixtures thereof is removed prior to isolation and processing of the polyglutarimide.

Abstract: An ester of a carboxy-containing interpolymer is disclosed, said interpolymer having an RSV of from about 0.05 to about 2. The esterified polymer will include at least an ester group (A) which is a carboxylic ester group having at least about 8 aliphatic carbon atoms in the ester group with the proviso that if the ester group (A) contains less than 28 carbon atoms, the interpolymer ester will include an ester group which is a carboxylic ester group having an ester group of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is a hydrocarbyl group of about 1 to about 50 carbon atoms, R' is a hydrocarbyl group of about 1 to about 50 carbon atoms, y is a number in the range of zero to about 50 and z is a number in the range of zero to about 50 with the proviso that both y and z cannot be zero. The interpolymer may include an ester group (C) which is a carboxylic ester group having no more than 7 aliphatic carbon atoms in the ester group.

Abstract: Process for the production of reactive microgels having a functional group on a surface of each of fine particles of the microgels, which comprises reacting fine microgel particles (A) synthesized from a monomer having a polymerizable double bond by emulsion polymerization using, as an emulsifier, a compound containing tertiary ammonium salt, with a compound (B) having, in the molecule, an epoxy group to react with the tertiary ammonium salt and at least one reactive functional group other than the epoxy group, and hardenable resin composition comprising the above reactive microgels and a resin.

Abstract: Compositions containing sulfuric acid and one or more of certain chalcogen-containing compounds in which the chalcogen compound/H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 molar ratio is below 2 contain the mono-adduct of sulfuric acid which is catalytically active for promoting organic chemical reactions. Suitable chalcogen-containing compounds have the empirical formula ##STR1## wherein X is a chalcogen, each of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is independently selected from hydrogen, NR.sub.3 R.sub.4, and NR.sub.5, at least one of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is other than hydrogen, each of R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 is hydrogen or a monovalent organic radical, and R.sub.5 is a divalent organic radical. Such compositions are useful for catalyzing organic reactions such as oxidation, oxidative addition, reduction, reductive addition, esterification, transesterification, hydrogenation, isomerication (including racemization of optical isomers), alkylation, polymerization, demetallization of organometallics, nitration, Friedel-Crafts reactions, and hydrolysis.

Abstract: The invention provides a self-curing resin which contains one or more blocked isocyanate groups and one or more hydroxyl groups in the molecule and which is produced by polymerizing a monomer component containing an isocyanate-containing, radical-polymerizable monomer as an essential monomer thereof, blocking part of the isocyanate groups in the resulting polymer and then reacting the remaining unblocked isocyanate group or groups with an alkanolamine for hydroxyl group introduction into the polymer.

Abstract: Transesterified copolymers of maleic anhydride, particularly useful in the field of detergency and anti-scaling agents, obtained from preformed copolymers of maleic anhydride with vinyl acetate, by at least partial transesterification of said preformed copolymers.

Abstract: An adhesive element which exhibits excellent properties with respect to a variety of substrates, such as, skin, glass, fabric, paper, plastic, and other non-porous surfaces which is non-toxic, and non-sensitizing. The element exhibits high cohesive strength so that its integrity is maintained on removal from the substrate leaving no residues and is highly flexible so that total confirmation with the underlying shape of the substrate is maintained. The adhesive composition is the hydrolysis or esterification product of a methylvinyl ether/maleic anhydride co-polymer with an hydroxylated compound. Methods for preparation of the inventive adhesive element are disclosed.

Abstract: An adhesive element which exhibits excellent properties with respect to a variety of substrates, such as, skin, glass, fabric, paper, plastic, and other non-porous surfaces which is non-toxic, and non-sensitizing. The element exhibits high cohesive strength so that its integrity is maintained on removal from the substrate leaving no residues and is highly flexible so that total confirmation with the underlying shape of the substrate is maintained. The adhesive composition is the hydrolysis or esterification product of a methylvinyl ether/maleic anhydride co-polymer with an hydroxylated compound. Methods for preparation of the inventive adhesive element are disclosed.

Abstract: A partially crosslinked, unsaturated elastomeric polymer of a C.sub.4 to C.sub.7 isomonoolefin and a C.sub.4 to C.sub.14 conjugated multiolefin is provided which has a low crosslink density. The partially crosslinked polymer is produced by curing an uncrosslinked unsaturated polymer having a low level of chemically bound halogen with a curing agent which reacts only with the halogen. Processes for preparing these partially crosslinked unsaturated polymers are also provided.

Abstract: An adhesive composition useful for bonding thermoplastic elastomers to substrates such as metal that contains a halogenated polyolefin that has been chemically modified to contain a polyhydroxylic aromatic compound and/or a sulfur-containing compound. The modified polyolefin is preferably prepared by first reacting the polyolefin with an acid anhydride and then reacting the anhydride-modified polyolefin with the polyhydroxylic aromatic compound and/or the sulfur-containing compound.

Abstract: Disclosed is a multiplex ethylene coplymer comprising (a) 50 to 94.8 mole % of units derived from ethylene, which are represented by the following formula (I):--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 -- (I)(b) 5 to 45 mole % of units derived from a monomer selected from alkyl acrylates, alkyl methacrylates, vinyl carboxylates and isopropenyl carboxylates, which are represented by the following formula (II): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 stands for a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and X is ##STR2## in which R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 stand for an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms), and (c) 0.2 to 5 mole % of units derived from a monomer having a radical-polymerizable ethylenic double bond and at least one carbon-to-carbon double bond which is different from a double bond of an aromatic nucleus. This ethylene copolymer can be easily cured, and the cured copolymer is a rubber having excellent oil resistance and heat resistance.

Abstract: A process for preparing a functionalized petroleum resin which comprises the steps of: dissolving a petroleum resin having a norbornene moiety with a double bond in a solvent to form a solution; adding to the solution a borane compound having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are alkyl or cycloalkyl groups having about 1 to about 10 carbonations; reacting said petroleum resin with said borane compound at about room temperature for a sufficient period of time to form a borane intermediate; and reacting said borane intermediate with a chemical agent to convert said borane intermediate into said functionalized petroleum resin.

Abstract: Novel styrene derivatives are disclosed of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the same or different and each represents a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group, and R.sub.3 is --OH, Cl, or a group of the formula --OR.sub.4 or ##STR2## wherein R.sub.4 represents a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group. The functionalized styrene monomers I as well as polymers and copolymers incorporating such monomer units are useful as initiators, or precursors thereof, for the polymerization of isobutylene under cationic conditions to give graft copolymers containing both styrenic and isobutylenic units. These copolymers have commercial applications such as rubbers, coatings, and lubricants.

Abstract: A partially crosslinked, unsaturated elastomeric polymer of a C.sub.4 to C.sub.7 isomonoolefin and a C.sub.4 to C.sub.14 conjugated multiolefin is provided which has a low crosslink density. The partially crosslinked polymer is produced by curing an uncrosslinked unsaturated polymer having a low level of chemically bound halogen with a curing agent which reacts only with the halogen. Processes for preparing these partially crosslinked unsaturated polymers are also provided.

Abstract: Dithiothreitol, a bis-mercaptan, is a surprisingly superior crosslinking agent for preparing electrophoresis media from aqueous solutions of preformed, water-soluble, acrylamide based copolymers comprising a minor proportion of a comonomer, which comonomer contains a site that will react in a crosslinking reaction with a bis-mercaptan.

Abstract: Crosslinkable compositions, a process for their preparation, and their use as casting compositions and for the production of mouldings. The composition can be homogeneously crosslinked at low temperatures. The compositions contain, as a binder, an adduct of maleic anhydride and a polymer based on 70-100% of butadiene and 0-30% of C.sub.2-12 olefins and/or C.sub.4-12 dienes. The compositions are employed as cable jointing compositions or for the production of mouldings.

Abstract: Thermally and hydrolytically stable fluorocopolymers, especially melt-processible fluorocopolymers, for example, tetrafluoroethylene/hexafluoropropylene copolymers, having --COOH and/or --COF groups on the polymer chains are contacted and reacted with a secondary or tertiary amine and heated at 160.degree.-400.degree. C. for a time sufficient to convert --COOH and/or --COF groups to stable --CF.sub.2 H groups, the resultant stabilized copolymers being useful, for example, in electrically conductive compositions having a good combination of melt flow and electrical conductivity.

Abstract: This invention relates to a polymeric vehicle comprising a modified polymer containing covalently bonded mesogenic groups. The modified polymer may be used as the sole component of the polymeric vehicle for a coating to which may be added solvents and known additives to provide a formulated coating. The polymeric vehicle may further include other modified or unmodified polymers and cross-linking resins. The polymeric vehicle provides a coating binder and coating film of high hardness, flexibility and impact resistance.

Abstract: A sulfur curable rubber compound containing a 2,5-diorganohydroquinone. The invention particularly relates to a pneumatic rubber tire having at least one component compound of such rubber compound.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing hydroxyethers of epoxidized polybutenes wherein the epoxide groups of said epoxidized polybutenes are about 70% trisubstituted and about 20% tetrasubstituted. Hydroxyl compounds are reacted with epoxidized polybutenes to obtain compounds of increased flexibility, water resistance, lubricity, and adhesion as compared with said hydroxyl compounds.

Abstract: Polyacrylamide gels containing bound dye indicator molecules being sensitive to pH variation are treated with an aqueous solution for a period of time until the shifting of the pK value of the gel, due to the treatment, has finished.

Abstract: It is sometimes desirable to cure rubber compositions utilizing non-sulfur curing agents. The subject invention reveals rubber compositions which can be cured without utilizing sulfur or sulfur containing compounds. The subject invention more specifically disclosed a rubber composition which can be crosslinked by heating which is comprised of (1) at least one rubber having pendant blocked isocyanate groups bound thereto; and (2) at least one compound which contains at least 2 Zerewitinoff active hydrogens.This invention also discloses crosslinking of elastomer compounds containing (1) at least one rubber having functionalized groups containing at least one Zerewitinoff active hydrogen and (2) at least one compound which contains at least two blocked isocyanate groups. This invention also discloses self-curing elastomers containing both blocked isocyanate groups and groups containing at least one active Zerewitinoff hydrogen.

Abstract: A shaped article of a crosslinked elastomer, having a crosslink density continuously decreased from the surface toward the interior at a specific gradient, and being characterized with excellent surface non-stickiness and low friction properties, while maintaining tensile strength, elongation and compression set resistant properties as well as elastomeric properties.

Abstract: Polymerized 1,3-butadiene, including styrenic block copolymers, are functionalized with both carboxylic ester groups and ketone linking groups by reaction with carbon monoxide and an alcohol. Such conjugated diene polymers can be reacted in the presence of a catalyst composition that includes a cobalt compound and an amine ligand. The functionalized 1,3-butadiene polymers may be hydrogenated with a nickel/aluminum catalyst which removes olefinically unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds without substantially hydrogenating the ketone linking groups and carboxylic ester groups.

Abstract: Polymerized 1,3-butadiene, including styrenic block copolymers, are functionalized with both carboxylic ester groups and ketone linking groups by reaction with carbon monoxide and an alcohol. Such conjugated diene polymers can be reacted in the presence of a catalyst composition that includes a cobalt compound and an amine ligand. The functionalized 1,3-butadiene polymers may be hydrogenated with a nickel/aluminum catalyst which removes olefinically unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds without substantially hydrogenating the ketone linking groups and carboxylic ester groups.

Abstract: Molded articles formed of polystyrene or other polymers containing an aromatic moiety can be derivatized on the surface of the article by subjecting the molded article to a chemical reaction wherein the reaction media utilizes tetramethylsulfone as the reactant solvent and a suitable substituent group which is substituted on to the aromatic moiety of the polystyrene or other polymer by electrophilic substitution. By choosing the substituent group to further include a leaving group, further substitution of the primary substituent can be effected normally by nucleophilic substitution reaction. In this way, biologically important molecules can be attached to a polystyrene or other aromatic containing polymer without effecting certain properties of the molded article such as its optical or spectroscopic clarity.

Abstract: Coating composition suitable for treating a surface so as to provide a water-erodible coating thereon, which composition comprises at least one erodible polymer comprising one or more hydrolysable groups selected from sulphonate esters and sulfphonate esters which in an aqueous environment will generate by hydrolysis corresponding polymer-bound acid groups. The erodible polymers are described in detail and a method of treating surfaces using the composition is described.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an oil-soluble lubricating oil additive comprising at least one adduct of (A) a polyolefin of 700 to 5,000 number average molecular weight substituted with carboxylic acid producing moieties (preferably acid or anhydride moieties), and (B) a monoepoxy alcohol.

Abstract: Glutarimide polymers having an acid and anhydride content lower than the acid and/or anhydride content normally present in the glutarimide polymers. Blends of the reduced acid and anhydride glutarimide polymers with thermoplastic materials are disclosed. A process for altering the properties of imide polymers by reducing or substantially removing acid and anhydride levels normally present in the imide polymer is also disclosed.

Abstract: Organic groups covalently bound to a polymer backbone provide second or third order nonlinear susceptibilities to the polymer. In another aspect, a method is disclosed for providing the novel polymers of the invention. Polymers of the invention can be directionally oriented to provide useful optically nonlinear media for use in nonlinear optical devices such as optical switches or light modulation devices.

Abstract: Through radio frequency glow discharge the molecular structure of a fluoropolymer is permanently modified by the substitution of hydrogen and oxygen or oxygen-containing radicals for fluorine to a depth of up to 100 .ANG.. The surface morphological properties on a molecular level (e.g., pore structure) of the modified fluoropolymer remain substantially uncharged from those of the starting polymer as well as the bulk structure below the modified surface region while wettability with respect to low surface tension liquids and surface free energy as determined through critical surface tension are increased and new chemically reactive sites are created for further wet chemical modification or attachment of various functionality for development of a bioprobe device.

Abstract: Melt-processible copolymers of at least two halogenated comonomers from a defined class, especially perhalogenated comonomers, and particularly perfluorinated comonomers, of improved thermal stability are obtained by first contacting the copolymers with a stabilizing agent selected from bases (ammonia or amines) having a boiling point at normal pressure of at most 130.degree. C. and tertiary alcohols having up to 8 carbon atoms, to form an intermediate, drying the intermediate at about 70.degree.-150.degree. C., and fluorinating the intermediate at a temperature between 20.degree. C. and the lowest temperature at which the copolymer exhibits a solid state transition, then removing excess fluorine and by-products and recovering the stabilized copolymer. Such stabilized copolymers are useful for a variety of technically important applications, including as clading for optical fibers, substrates for electronic components, thermal laminates, pipes, tubes, and fittings, etc.

Abstract: Isobutylene homopolymers and copolymers are prepared using a catalyst system comprising a haloadamantane component and a Lewis acid. Branched polymers are prepared using polyhaloadamantanes, the branches being attached to the adamantane at the former location of the halide. The preferred catalyst systems are diethylaluminum chloride and bromoadamantane as well as polybromo, or polychloroadamantanes.

Abstract: An automotive and refinish coating containing a curing catalyst which minimizes yellowing of a finish after exposure to weathering wherein the composition has a binder of an acrylic polymer of polymerized monomers of alkyl methacrylate, alkyl acrylate or mixtures thereof and the polymer has pendent aminoester or hydroxy aminoester groups and a glycidyl acrylic crosslinking polymer of polymerized monomers of glycidyl methacrylate or glycidyl acrylate and an alkyl methacrylate or acrylate or mixtures thereof; wherein the catalyst isthe alkyl ester of para hydroxy benzoic acid having 1-4 carbon atoms in the alkyl group.